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Petrova M, Li Y, Gholipour A, Kiat H, McLachlan CS. The influence of aortic stiffness on carotid stiffness: computational simulations using a human aorta carotid model. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:230264. [PMID: 38511082 PMCID: PMC10951721 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Increased aortic and carotid stiffness are independent predictors of adverse cardiovascular events. Arterial stiffness is not uniform across the arterial tree and its accurate assessment is challenging. The complex interactions and influence of aortic stiffness on carotid stiffness have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aortic stiffness on carotid stiffness under physiological pressure conditions. A realistic patient-specific geometry was used based on magnetic resonance images obtained from the OsiriX library. The luminal aortic-carotid model was reconstructed from magnetic resonance images using 3D Slicer. A series of aortic stiffness simulations were performed at different regional aortic areas (levels). By applying variable Young's modulus to the aortic wall under two pulse pressure conditions, one could examine the deformation, compliance and von Mises stress between the aorta and carotid arteries. An increase of Young's modulus in an aortic area resulted in a notable difference in the mechanical properties of the aortic tree. Regional deformation, compliance and von Mises stress changes across the aorta and carotid arteries were noted with an increase of the aortic Young's modulus. Our results indicate that increased carotid stiffness may be associated with increased aortic stiffness. Large-scale clinical validation is warranted to examine the influence of aortic stiffness on carotid stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjana Petrova
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Torrens University Australia Surrey Hills, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Yujie Li
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Torrens University Australia Surrey Hills, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Alireza Gholipour
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Hosen Kiat
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Torrens University Australia Surrey Hills, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- School of Rural Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2640, Australia
| | - Craig S. McLachlan
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Torrens University Australia Surrey Hills, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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Szaló G, Hellgren MI, Allison M, Li Y, Råstam L, Rådholm K, Bollano E, Duprez DA, Jacobs DR, Lindblad U, Daka B. Impaired artery elasticity predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality- A longitudinal study in the Vara-Skövde Cohort. J Hum Hypertens 2024; 38:140-145. [PMID: 37794130 PMCID: PMC10844075 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-023-00867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
It is still debated whether arterial elasticity provides prognostic information for cardiovascular risk beyond blood pressure measurements in a healthy population. To investigate the association between arterial elasticity obtained by radial artery pulse wave analysis and risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in men and women. In 2002-2005, 2362 individuals (men=1186, 50.2%) not taking antihypertensive medication were included. C2 (small artery elasticity) was measured using the HDI/Pulse Wave CR2000. Data on acute myocardial infarction or stroke, fatal or non-fatal, was obtained between 2002-2019. Cox- regression was used to investigate associations between C2 and future CVD, adjusting for confounding factors such as age, sex, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance), LDL- cholesterol, CRP (C-Reactive Protein), alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity. At baseline, the mean age of 46 ± 10.6 years and over the follow-up period, we observed 108 events 70 events in men [event rate: 5.9%], 38 in women [event rate: 3.2%]. In the fully adjusted model, and for each quartile decrease in C2, there was a significant increase in the risk for incident CVD by 36%. (HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.01-1.82, p = 0.041). The results were accentuated for all men (HR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.21-2.50, p = 0.003) and women over the age of 50 years (HR = 1.70, 95% CI: 0.69-4.20). We showed a strong and independent association between C2 and CVD in men. In women after menopause, similar tendencies and effect sizes were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Szaló
- Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Margareta I Hellgren
- Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Skaraborg Institute, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Matthew Allison
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lennart Råstam
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Rådholm
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Entela Bollano
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel A Duprez
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ulf Lindblad
- Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bledar Daka
- Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Gedney JR, Ruddy JM. Integrating Ultrasound-Derived Carotid Artery Stiffness in the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk. CARDIOLOGY & VASCULAR RESEARCH (WILMINGTON, DEL.) 2023; 7:10.33425/2639-8486.1172. [PMID: 38601896 PMCID: PMC11006244 DOI: 10.33425/2639-8486.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Historically, pulse wave velocity (PWV) has been used to measure vascular stiffness, but is limited in its utility when certain vascular disease states are present, such as aneurysm or iliac stenosis. PWV can therefore only provide reliable assessment of global vascular stiffness in limited vascular pathology. Speckle tracking is a method of post-hoc ultrasound image analysis that can measure vascular stiffness in a more comprehensive manner. Evidence from in vitro as well as in vivo studies has validated these techniques in the assessment of strain, distensibility, modulus, and stiffness index (β) in the carotid arterial system. Unfortunately, despite the well-established correlation between vascular stiffness and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, standard vascular laboratory ultrasound protocols do not include stiffness assessment. Herein, we present evidence in favor of integrating speckle tracking into carotid artery duplex protocols to measure vascular stiffness that can be utilized in medical management to modulate cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ryan Gedney
- Medical University of South Carolina, Division of Vascular Surgery, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jean Marie Ruddy
- Medical University of South Carolina, Division of Vascular Surgery, Charleston, South Carolina
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Pathophysiological and clinical aspects of the circadian rhythm of arterial stiffness in diabetes mellitus: A minireview. Endocr Regul 2022; 56:284-294. [DOI: 10.2478/enr-2022-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Several cross-sectional trials have revealed increased arterial stiffness connected with the cardiac autonomic neuropathy in types 2 and 1 diabetic patients. The pathophysiological relationship between arterial stiffness and autonomic dysfunction in diabetes mellitus is still underinvestigated and the question whether the presence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy leads to arterial stiffening or increased arterial stiffness induced autonomic nervous system impairment is still open. Both arterial stiffness and dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system have common pathogenetic pathways, counting state of the chronic hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, increased formation of advanced glycation end products, activation of protein kinase C, development of endothelial dysfunction, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Baroreceptor dysfunction is thought to be one of the possible reasons for the arterial wall stiffening development and progression. On the contrary, violated autonomic nervous system function can affect the vascular tone and by this way alter the large arteries walls elastic properties. Another possible mechanism of attachment and/or development of arterial stiffness is the increased heart rate and autonomic dysfunction corresponding progression. This minireview analyzes the current state of the relationship between the diabetes mellitus and the arterial stiffness. Particular attention is paid to the analysis, interpretation, and application of the results obtained in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy.
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Central Aortic Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Parkinson’s Disease: A Comparative Study. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 2022:6723950. [PMID: 35864933 PMCID: PMC9296341 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6723950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction, which leads to hemodynamic disorders, is commonly observed in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Central aortic pressure (CAP) is the systolic blood pressure (SBP) at the root of the aorta. In young people, CAP is lower than peripheral arterial blood pressure. In older people, the difference between CAP and peripheral arterial blood pressure decreases depending on the extent of arterial stiffness (AS). In patients with AS, CAP increases. CAP is thus regarded as an indicator of AS. Objective To compare CAP and other hemodynamic parameters for AS between patients with Parkinson's disease and control group. We also aimed to evaluate changes in these hemodynamic parameters after the levodopa (LD) intake. Methods We included 82 patients with PD and 76 healthy controls. Age, sex, disease duration, disease subtype, Hoehn–Yahr stage (H&Y), and nonmotor symptoms (NMS) were documented. TensioMed Software v.3.0.0.1 was used to measure CAP, peripheral arterial blood pressure, pulse pressure (PP), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), augmentation index (AI), pulse wave velocity, and ejection time. All patients were being treated with LD, and measurements were performed 1 h before and 1 h after LD intake. Results Baseline peripheral arterial blood pressure and CAP values were significantly higher in the PD group than in the control group (p < 0.001 and p=0.02, respectively). Most cardiac hemodynamic parameters, including peripheral arterial blood pressure and CAP, decreased significantly (p < 0.02 and p < 0.001, respectively) after LD intake in the PD group. Disease subtype, duration, and severity did not affect any of the hemodynamic parameters. When NMS were evaluated, patients with psychosis and dementia showed higher baseline parameters. Conclusion Loss of postganglionic noradrenergic innervation is well-known with PD. Several cardiac hemodynamic parameters were affected, suggesting cardiac autonomic dysfunction in these patients. The data obtained were independent of disease severity, duration, and subtype. After LD intake, most of these parameters decreased, which might have a positive effect on the vascular burden.
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Lindow A, Kennbäck C, Åkesson A, Nilsson PM, Weismann CG. Common carotid artery characteristics in patients with repaired aortic coarctation compared to other cardiovascular risk factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2022.100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Carotid Arterial Stiffness and Cardiometabolic Profiles in Women with Fibromyalgia. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121786. [PMID: 34944602 PMCID: PMC8698753 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the association between FM and cardiometabolic risk factors and carotid arterial stiffness in FM patients. Methods: The cardiometabolic risk profile was defined based on the Adult Treatment Panel III panel. Carotid intimal media thickness (cIMT) and arterial stiffness were assessed using high-resolution ultrasonography. Multivariate logistic analysis was performed to estimate the association between FM and cardiometabolic risk factors. We used a general linear regression to compare the cIMT and carotid beta-index between the participants with and without FM. Pearson’s coefficient was calculated to evaluate the potential correlation between cardiometabolic risk profiles, cIMT, and arterial stiffening in FM. Results: FM participants showed a higher risk of central obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 3.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49, 6.91), high triglyceride (OR = 4.73, 95% CI 2.29, 9.79), and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (OR = 4.27, 95% CI 2.07, 8.81) compared to the control group. The FM group exhibited higher beta-index values than the control group (p = 0.003). Although IFG and triglyceride glucose index showed a tendency to correlate with the beta-index, statistical significance was not observed. Conclusions: FM was associated with an increased risk of central obesity, high triglyceride levels, and IFG. Furthermore, advanced arterial stiffness of the carotid artery was observed in FM, which might be correlated with insulin resistance.
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Piko N, Bevc S, Hojs R, Naji FH, Ekart R. The association between pulse wave analysis, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and peripheral arterial disease in patients with ischemic heart disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:33. [PMID: 33441117 PMCID: PMC7807526 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Functional changes in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) could play a role in higher cardiovascular risk in these patients. METHODS 123 patients who underwent elective coronary angiography were included. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) was measured and arterial stiffness parameters were derived with applanation tonometry. RESULTS 6 patients (4.9%) had a previously known PAD (Rutherford grade I). Mean ABI was 1.04 ± 0.12, mean subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) 166.6 ± 32.7% and mean carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) 10.3 ± 2.4 m/s. Most of the patients (n = 81, 65.9%) had coronary artery disease (CAD). There was no difference in ABI among different degrees of CAD. Patients with zero- and three-vessel CAD had significantly lower values of SEVR, compared to patients with one- and two-vessel CAD (159.5 ± 32.9%/158.1 ± 31.5% vs 181.0 ± 35.2%/166.8 ± 27.8%; p = 0.048). No significant difference was observed in cfPWV values. Spearman's correlation test showed an important correlation between ABI and SEVR (r = 0.196; p = 0.037) and between ABI and cfPWV (r = - 0.320; p ≤ 0.001). Multiple regression analysis confirmed an association between cfPWV and ABI (β = - 0.210; p = 0.003), cfPWV and mean arterial pressure (β = 0.064; p < 0.001), cfPWV and age (β = 0.113; p < 0.001) and between cfPWV and body mass index (BMI (β = - 0.195; p = 0.028), but not with arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus or smoking status. SEVR was not statistically significantly associated with ABI using the same multiple regression model. CONCLUSION Reduced ABI was associated with increased cfPWV, but not with advanced CAD or decreased SEVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejc Piko
- Department of Dialysis, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Sebastjan Bevc
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.,Medical Faculty Maribor, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Radovan Hojs
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.,Medical Faculty Maribor, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Franjo Husam Naji
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.,Medical Faculty Maribor, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Robert Ekart
- Department of Dialysis, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.,Medical Faculty Maribor, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
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Arafat Y, Kucukosmanoglu M, Mustafa G. The relationship between the prevalence and complexity of coronary artery disease and aortic stiffness in myocardial infarction patients without ST-segment elevation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR ACADEMY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/ijca.ijca_46_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Wykretowicz A, Schneider A, Krauze T, Szczepanik A, Banaszak A, Minczykowski A, Piskorski J, Guzik P. Pulse wave velocity to the global longitudinal strain ratio in survivors of myocardial infarction. Eur J Clin Invest 2019; 49:e13131. [PMID: 31120553 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New index of pulse wave velocity to global longitudinal peak systolic strain (PWV/GLPSS) was reported to be associated with cardiovascular damage. We evaluated the prognostic role of this metric in survivors of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). MATERIAL AND METHODS We investigated in 569 patients with AMI, whether PWV/GLPSS was associated with a composite endpoint of death, stroke or new myocardial infarction, in long-term follow-up. Left ventricular longitudinal strain was evaluated by speckle tracking, and carotid arterial stiffness (local PWV) was determined using radiofrequency data technology. RESULTS During follow-up (median 1316 days), 114 subjects reached composite endpoint. These subjects were significantly older (P < 0.0001) and were characterized by lower ejection fraction (P < 0.0001), lower GLPSS (P < 0.0001), higher PWV (P = 0.007) and lower PWV/GLPSS index (P < 0.0001). Patients with PWV/GLPSS <-0.74 were at a significantly higher risk for the composite endpoint during the follow-up (hazard rate: 1.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-2.6; P < 0.001). The PWV/GLPSS was additive to the predictive value of EF < 35%-patients with PWV/GLPSS <-0.74 and EF < 35% had the highest risk for the endpoint events. CONCLUSIONS The current study shows that PWV/GLPSS index has significant, independent and additive value in predicting CV complications, in subjects with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wykretowicz
- Department of Cardiology-Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Schneider
- Department of Cardiology-Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Krauze
- Department of Cardiology-Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Szczepanik
- Department of Cardiology-Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Banaszak
- Department of Cardiology-Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Minczykowski
- Department of Cardiology-Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Piskorski
- Institute of Physics, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Góra, Poland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Guzik
- Department of Cardiology-Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Nabeel PM, Kiran VR, Joseph J, Abhidev VV, Sivaprakasam M. Local Pulse Wave Velocity: Theory, Methods, Advancements, and Clinical Applications. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2019; 13:74-112. [PMID: 31369386 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2019.2931587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Local pulse wave velocity (PWV) is evolving as one of the important determinants of arterial hemodynamics, localized vessel stiffening associated with several pathologies, and a host of other cardiovascular events. Although PWV was introduced over a century ago, only in recent decades, due to various technological advancements, has emphasis been directed toward its measurement from a single arterial section or from piecewise segments of a target arterial section. This emerging worldwide trend in the exploration of instrumental solutions for local PWV measurement has produced several invasive and noninvasive methods. As of yet, however, a univocal opinion on the ideal measurement method has not emerged. Neither have there been extensive comparative studies on the accuracy of the available methods. Recognizing this reality, makes apparent the need to establish guideline-recommended standards for the measurement methods and reference values, without which clinical application cannot be pursued. This paper enumerates all major local PWV measurement methods while pinpointing their salient methodological considerations and emphasizing the necessity of global standardization. Further, a summary of the advancements in measuring modalities and clinical applications is provided. Additionally, a detailed discussion on the minimally explored concept of incremental local PWV is presented along with suggestions of future research questions.
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Vriz O, Magne J, Jarosh J, Bossone E, Aboyans V, Palatini P. Local carotid arterial stiffness is an independent determinant of left ventricular remodeling in never-treated hypertensive patients. Blood Press 2018; 28:23-33. [PMID: 30465442 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2018.1511369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to investigate the association between blood pressure (BP), carotid stiffness, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and left ventricular (LV) remodeling in never-treated hypertensive patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS 178 never-treated hypertensive underwent transthoracic echocardiography, 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), local carotid stiffness and regional cfPWV assessed using a high-definition echo-tracking ultrasound system and a tonometric transducer, respectively. LV parameters and arterial stiffness were also considered in dippers and non-dippers. RESULTS Mean night-time BP best correlated with carotid and LV parameters. Carotid stiffness parameters (β-index, pressure-strain elastic modulus, one-point PWV) correlated with LV mass, relative wall thickness, and E/A ratio while cfPWV correlated only with E/A ratio. In multiple regression analysis, age and mean night-time ABPM had a stroger relation with carotid stiffness than cfPWV. In a second multiple regression analysis, day and night ABPM and carotid stiffness were independently related with LV remodeling and left atrial volume. In non-dippers, local carotid stiffness parameters were significantly higher than in dippers, whereas cfPWV was not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Carotid stiffness parameters are independently associated with LV remodeling and have an additive effect to BP and over cfPWV moreover local arterial stiffness is higher in non-dippers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vriz
- a Heart Center Department , King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,b Cardiology Department , San Antonio Hospital , Udine , Italy
| | - Julien Magne
- c Department of Cardiology , Dupuytren University Hospital , Limoges , Franced
| | - Joanna Jarosh
- d Department of Cardiology , T. Marciniak Hospital, Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Polande
| | - Eduardo Bossone
- e Department of Cardiology "Cava de' Tirreni and Amalfi Coast" Hospital , University of Salerno , Salerno , Italy
| | - Victor Aboyans
- c Department of Cardiology , Dupuytren University Hospital , Limoges , Franced
| | - Paolo Palatini
- f Department of Internal Medicine , University of Padova , Padua , Italy
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Aortic stiffness and blood pressure variability in young people: a multimodality investigation of central and peripheral vasculature. J Hypertens 2017; 35:513-522. [PMID: 27846043 PMCID: PMC5278891 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Increased blood pressure (BP) variability is a cardiovascular risk marker for young individuals and may relate to the ability of their aorta to buffer cardiac output. We used a multimodality approach to determine relations between central and peripheral arterial stiffness and BP variability. Methods: We studied 152 adults (mean age of 31 years) who had BP variability measures based on SD of awake ambulatory BPs, 24-h weighted SD and average real variability (ARV). Global and regional aortic distensibility was measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance, arterial stiffness by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) by SphygmoCor (carotid–femoral) and Vicorder (brachial–femoral). Results: In young people, free from overt cardiovascular disease, all indices of SBP and DBP variability correlated with aortic distensibility (global aortic distensibility versus awake SBP SD: r = −0.39, P < 0.001; SBP ARV: r = −0.34, P < 0.001; weighted 24-h SBP SD: r = −0.42, P < 0.001). CAVI, which closely associated with aortic distensibility, also related to DBP variability, as well as awake SBP SD (r = 0.19, P < 0.05) and weighted 24-h SBP SD (r = 0.24, P < 0.01), with a trend for SBP ARV (r = 0.17, P = 0.06). In contrast, associations with PWV were only between carotid–femoral PWV and weighted SD of SBP (r = 0.20, P = 0.03) as well as weighted and ARV of DBP. Conclusion: Greater BP variability in young people relates to increases in central aortic stiffness, strategies to measure and protect aortic function from a young age may be important to reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Evaluation of local carotid stiffness and inflammatory biomarkers in stable angina pectoris. ADVANCES IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY 2017; 13:122-129. [PMID: 28798782 PMCID: PMC5545659 DOI: 10.5114/pwki.2017.68046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arterial stiffness (AS) is a well-accepted and reliable predictor of atherosclerotic diseases. Inflammation plays an important role in the development of AS. AIM To evaluate local carotid stiffness (CS) together with fibrinogen and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in stable angina pectoris (SAP) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study consisted of 353 consecutive patients with SAP. All underwent coronary angiography (CAG) after the evaluation of local CS parameters and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) from both common carotid arteries by a real-time echo-tracking system. Baseline inflammatory biomarkers, serum hsCRP and fibrinogen levels were measured. Based on CAG findings, the patients were classified into 4 groups: control subjects with normal coronary arteries (group 1, n = 86), single-vessel disease (group 2, n = 104), double-vessel disease (group 3, n = 95) and triple-vessel disease (group 4, n = 68). RESULTS The mean carotid pulse wave velocity (PWV) in patients with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD) was significantly higher than that in patients with normal coronary arteries (7.82 ±1.76 vs. 6.51 ±0.85 cm/s, p = 0.001). The mean carotid IMT was detected to be significantly higher in group 4 patients compared to those in group 1 (p < 0.001) and group 2 (p = 0.001). Significant correlations were observed between both inflammatory biomarkers and the number of diseased vessels and carotid PWV. Using multi-variate analysis, carotid stiffness, carotid IMT, hsCRP and fibrinogen were independently associated with the presence and extent of CAD. CONCLUSIONS Local CS, carotid IMT, hsCRP and fibrinogen levels are significant predictors of atherosclerotic burden and they may facilitate the identification of high-risk patients for the early diagnosis and prompt treatment of CAD.
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Vriz O, Magne J, Driussi C, Brosolo G, Ferrara F, Palatini P, Aboyans V, Bossone E. Comparison of arterial stiffness/compliance in the ascending aorta and common carotid artery in healthy subjects and its impact on left ventricular structure and function. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 33:521-531. [PMID: 27885494 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-016-1032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness and compliance parameters from two adjacent elastic arteries [aorta and common carotid artery (CCA)] were compared and their relationship with left ventricular (LV) structure and function and clinical parameters was assessed. 584 healthy subjects were prospectively enrolled [mean age 47.8 ± 18.4 years, range 16-94; 318 (54.4%) men]. They underwent comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography; M-mode diameters were measured at the level of the ascending aorta in systole and diastole and by echo-tracking at the level of the left CCA. The β-stiffness, pressure-strain elastic modulus, arterial compliance and one-point pulse wave velocity were derived. A significant correlation was observed between aortic and CCA stiffness and compliance parameters (p < 0.0001 for all). At multiple regression analysis, CCA stiffness parameters were constantly correlated with age and systolic blood pressure, and accounted for up to 56% of the variability (vs. only 29% in aortic stiffness and compliance). CCA stiffness parameters were found to better predict LV structure, diastolic function than aortic stiffness parameters. Aortic and CCA stiffness and compliance were found to correlate with each other and with age, with the correlation being higher for CCA stiffness. At multiple regression analysis, CCA stiffness parameters were better predictors of LV structure and function than aortic stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vriz
- Cardiology and Emergency Department, San Antonio Hospital, Via Trento-Trieste, 33038, Udine, San Daniele Del Friuli, Italy.
| | - Julien Magne
- Department of Cardiology, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Caterina Driussi
- Cardiology and Emergency Department, San Antonio Hospital, Via Trento-Trieste, 33038, Udine, San Daniele Del Friuli, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Ferrara
- Cardiology Division, "Cava de' Tirreni and Amalfi Coast" Hospital Heart Department, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Paolo Palatini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Victor Aboyans
- Department of Cardiology, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Eduardo Bossone
- Cardiology Division, "Cava de' Tirreni and Amalfi Coast" Hospital Heart Department, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Prskalo Z, Brizić I, Markota D, Markota I, Boban M, Tomic M, Starcevic B. Arterial stiffness in patients with coronary artery disease: relation with in-stent restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016; 16:128. [PMID: 27266698 PMCID: PMC4895968 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most important issues in modern medicine due to its high mortality and prevalence. An early detection and prevention can reduce morbidity and mortality. Arterial stiffness is a potent and independent predictor of CAD. We aimed to investigate the arterial stiffness in CAD patients undergoing the coronary angiography. Also, we investigated a possible correlation between arterial stiffness and in-stent restenosis (ISR), an important limitation of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS The study included 160 patients undergoing coronary angiography, treated either with PCI or with CABG. The pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx) were measured by the Arteriograph. RESULTS PWV in the CAD group (12.24 ± 2.78 m/s) was significantly higher compared to the control group (8.27 ± 1.89 m/s). PWV in ISR and left main (LM) stenosis group (14.03 ± 3.15 and 13.89 ± 2.95 m/s) was significantly higher compared to the control and CAD groups. Peripheral and central AIx were significantly higher in CAD group (1.38 ± 30.63 % and 38.35 ± 15.52 %) than in control group (-11.35 ± 26.74 % and 26.91 ± 10.62 %). Patients with LM stenosis have significantly higher values of peripheral and central AIx (23.37 ± 23.77 % and 49.71 ± 12.02 %) than the CAD and ISR group. CONCLUSIONS The study confirmed a positive correlation between arterial stiffness measures, PWV and AIx, and CAD. Also, this study showed the correlation between PWV and ISR which can help to select more appropriate stent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinko Prskalo
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg bb, 88 000, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ivica Brizić
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg bb, 88 000, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Darko Markota
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg bb, 88 000, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ivica Markota
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg bb, 88 000, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mladen Boban
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Monika Tomic
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Boris Starcevic
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
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17
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Cusmà-Piccione M, Zito C, Khandheria BK, Pizzino F, Di Bella G, Antonini-Canterin F, Vriz O, Bello VAD, Zimbalatti C, La Carrubba S, Oreto G, Carerj S. How arterial stiffness may affect coronary blood flow: a challenging pathophysiological link. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2015; 15:797-802. [PMID: 25251941 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A relationship between arterial stiffening and coronary flow abnormalities, although not fully elucidated, has been observed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among carotid stiffness, measured using echo-tracking, and Doppler parameters of coronary blood flow, sampled at the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. METHODS We studied 88 consecutive patients (49 men, mean age 51.2 ± 16.2 years) with cardiovascular risk factors but without history of cardiovascular diseases. Each patient underwent echocardiographic evaluation for measurement of the diastolic velocity time integral (DVTI) and calculation of the diastolic velocity time integral coronary index (DVTICI), the ratio between DVTI and total velocity time integral of LAD artery flow × 100, and carotid ultrasound for measurement of carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and stiffness parameters such as β index and elastic modulus (Ep). RESULTS DVTICI was significantly greater in men than in women (median 82, interquartile range 78-86 vs. median 80, interquartile range 73-83, respectively; P < 0.016). After correlating DVTICI with other variables, a significant inverse relation was obtained with β index (Rho = -0.449, P < 0.001), Ep (Rho = -0.478, P < 0.001), age (Rho = -0.52, P < 0.001), left ventricular mass index (Rho = -0.543, P < 0.001), E/E' (Rho = -0.411, P < 0.001), pulse pressure (Rho = -0.417, P < 0.001) and IMT (Rho = -0.480, P < 0.001). With linear multiple regression analysis, only β index (P < 0.001), Ep (P < 0.001), male sex (P < 0.001) and left ventricular mass index (P = 0.008) were independently associated with reduction of DVTICI. CONCLUSION Increased arterial stiffness, directly affecting coronary perfusion, is associated with reduced diastolic coronary flow. Echo-tracking for feasible measurement of carotid artery stiffness parameters may be valuable in more accurate cardiovascular risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cusmà-Piccione
- aClinical and Experimental Department of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy bAurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA cCardiology Unit, ARC, S. Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone dCardiology Unit, O.C. San Antonio, San Daniele del Friuli, Udine eCardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa fInternal Medicine, Villa Sofia Hospital, Palermo, Italy
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18
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Gooch KJ, Trask AJ. Tissue-specific vascular remodeling and stiffness associated with metabolic diseases. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H555-6. [PMID: 26188025 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00545.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith J Gooch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus, Ohio, and
| | - Aaron J Trask
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research and The Heart Center, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
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19
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Simova I, Katova T, Santoro C, Galderisi M. Comparison between Regional and Local Pulse-Wave Velocity Data. Echocardiography 2015; 33:77-81. [DOI: 10.1111/echo.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iana Simova
- Department of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging and Functional Diagnostics; National Cardiology Hospital; Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Tzvetana Katova
- Department of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging and Functional Diagnostics; National Cardiology Hospital; Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Ciro Santoro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences; Federico University Hospital; Naples Italy
| | - Maurizio Galderisi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences; Federico University Hospital; Naples Italy
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20
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Comparison of pulse wave velocity assessed by three different techniques: Arteriograph, Complior, and Echo-tracking. Heart Vessels 2015; 31:568-77. [PMID: 25633054 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-015-0632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness estimated by pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although recommended by the current guidelines, clinical applicability of this parameter is difficult, due to differences between the various techniques used to measure it and to biological variability. Our aim was to compare PWV assessed by 3 different commercially available systems. 100 subjects (51 ± 16 years, 45 men) were evaluated using the 3 methods: an oscillometric technique (Arteriograph, PWV-A); a piezo-electric method (Complior, PWV-C); and an high-resolution ultrasound technique implemented with an Echo-tracking system (Aloka, PWV-E). Conventional biological markers were measured. Correlations of PWV measured by the 3 methods were poor (r = 0.39, r = 0.39, and r = 0.31 for PWV-A vs. PWV-C, PWV-A vs. PWV-E, and PWV-C vs. PWV-E, respectively, all p < 0.05). By Bland-Altman analysis, mean difference (±SD) of PWV-A vs. PWV-C was -1.9 ± 2.0 m/s, of PWV-A vs. PWV-E -3.6 ± 1.9 m/s, and of PWV-C vs. PWV-E -2.7 ± 1.9 m/s, with a wide coefficient of variation (22.3, 25.7, and 25.7 %, respectively). As expected, PWV-A, PWV-C, and PWV-E correlated with other arterial stiffness parameters, such as intima-media thickness (r = 0.22, r = 0.22, and r = 0.36, respectively), E p (r = 0.37, r = 0.26, and r = 0.94, respectively), and augmentation index measured by Arteriograph method (r = 0.66, r = 0.35, and r = 0.26, respectively); all p < 0.05. Assessment of PWV is markedly dependent on the technique used to measure it, related to various methods for measuring traveled distance of the arterial wave. Our results suggest the urgent need to establish reference values of PWV for each of these techniques, separately, to be used in routine clinical practice.
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21
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Zito C, Mohammed M, Todaro MC, Khandheria BK, Cusmà-Piccione M, Oreto G, Pugliatti P, Abusalima M, Antonini-Canterin F, Vriz O, Carerj S. Interplay between arterial stiffness and diastolic function. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2014; 15:788-96. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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22
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Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity is negatively correlated with aortic diameter. Hypertens Res 2014; 37:926-32. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2014.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Stoner L, Lambrick DM, Westrupp N, Young J, Faulkner J. Validation of oscillometric pulse wave analysis measurements in children. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:865-72. [PMID: 24390294 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpt243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulse wave analysis (PWA) has emerged as a noninvasive, valid, reliable, and widely used technique to investigate central blood pressures and systemic arterial wave reflection (augmentation index). The gold-standard technique is tonometry, but this technique can be challenging, especially when used on children. The purpose of this study was to validate oscillometric PWA for use in children. METHODS Fifty-seven healthy children were recruited for participation. Central blood pressures and peripheral augmentation index (pAIx) were measured objectively using oscillometric (Pulsecor R7) and tonometric (SphygmaCor) devices. All measurements were made during the same visit under standardized conditions between the hours of 8 am and 10 am in the fasted state. RESULTS Tonometric measurements were unsuccessful on 1 child. Comparisons were made on 56 children (mean age = 9.8±1.0 y; 57% male). A very strong relationship was found between devices for central systolic (r = 0.94; P < 0.001), diastolic (r = 0.99; P < 0.001) and mean (r = 0.96; P < 0.001) blood pressures. However, Bland-Altman analysis indicated a bias toward greater systolic blood pressures with the oscillometric monitor (mean difference = 4.5mm Hg; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -5.16 to -3.89). A good relationship was found for pAIx (r = 0.71; P < 0.001); the mean difference between devices was -1.70% (95% CI = -4.47% to 1.08%), which is not significantly different from zero. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggest that oscillometric PWA provides valid measures of central blood pressure and arterial wave reflection in children aged 8-10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Stoner
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
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24
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Tanindi A, Erkan AF, Alhan A, Töre HF. Central pulse pressure amplification is associated with more extensive and severe coronary artery disease. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2014; 48:167-75. [PMID: 24568590 DOI: 10.3109/14017431.2014.898083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigate the association between noninvasively determined central pulse waveform characteristics and the extent and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients undergoing coronary angiography with the clinical diagnosis of CAD. DESIGN We included 145 consecutive patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), unstable angina pectoris (USAP), or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who were decided to undergo coronary angiography. Gensini and SYNTAX scores were calculated. Noninvasive PWA was performed with the SphygmoCor system. RESULTS Dividing the patients into tertiles according to augmentation index (AIx), more patients had significant CAD with higher Gensini and SYNTAX scores and lower myocardial blush grade (MBG) (p < 0.001 for all) in the third tertile. The AIx value to predict the presence of moderate to severe CAD as determined by SYNTAX score ≥ 23 was 24.45% (ROC analysis AUC: 0.96; sensitivity 88%, specificity: 93%, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99, p < 0.001). AIx was significantly correlated with Gensini and SYNTAX scores in SAP, USAP, and AMI patients after adjusting for age, gender, height, heart rate, hypertension, and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Increased AIx is associated with the presence and severity of CAD, and it may be used in selected patients during cardiovascular evaluation in outpatient settings for risk stratification prior to coronary angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Tanindi
- Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology , Ankara , Turkey
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25
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Vriz O, Driussi C, La Carrubba S, Di Bello V, Zito C, Carerj S, Antonini-Canterin F. Comparison of sequentially measured Aloka echo-tracking one-point pulse wave velocity with SphygmoCor carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. SAGE Open Med 2013; 1:2050312113507563. [PMID: 26770685 PMCID: PMC4687782 DOI: 10.1177/2050312113507563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Recently, echo-tracking-derived measures of arterial stiffness have been introduced in clinical practice for the assessment of one-point pulse wave velocity. The purpose of this study was to find a relation between carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity and one-point carotid pulse wave velocity, and to find a value of one-point carotid pulse wave velocity that predicts carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity higher than 12 m/s. Methods: A total of 160 consecutive subjects (112 male/48 female, mean age = 51.5 ± 14.1 years; 96 healthy, 44 hypertensives, 13 with aortic valve disease, and 7 with left ventricular dysfunction) were studied. Carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity was measured with the SphygmoCor system and one-point carotid pulse wave velocity with high-definition echo-tracking system (ProSound Alpha10; Aloka, Tokyo, Japan). Results: Both carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity and one-point carotid pulse wave velocity correlated significantly with each other (r = 0.539, p < 0.001) and with age (one-point carotid pulse wave velocity r = 0.618, carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity r = 0.617, p < 0.0001 for both). Median value of carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (7.2 m/s, 95% confidence interval = 6.2–8.9) was systematically higher than that of one-point carotid pulse wave velocity (5.8 m/s, 95% confidence interval = 5–6.6). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.85, identifying the cutoff for one-point pulse wave velocity of 6.65 m/s as the best predictor of carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity more than 12 m/s (sensitivity = 0.818, specificity = 0.819). Conclusions: One-point carotid pulse wave velocity correlates with carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity, and the cutoff of 6.65 m/s was the best predictor of carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity over 12 m/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vriz
- Cardiology and Emergency Department, San Antonio Hospital, San Daniele del Friuli, Udine, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Concetta Zito
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Scipione Carerj
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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26
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Cho SW, Kim BK, Kim JH, Byun YS, Goh CW, Rhee KJ, Ahn HS, Lee BK, Kim BO. Non-invasively measured aortic wave reflection and pulse pressure amplification are related to the severity of coronary artery disease. J Cardiol 2013; 62:131-7. [PMID: 23731925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Augmentation index (AIx) and pulse pressure amplification (PPA, here the aortic/brachial pulse pressure ratio) are an age-related emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, it has not been clearly shown that AIx and PPA predict a high risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the association between non-invasively measured aortic wave reflection (AWR) and PPA and CAD. METHODS The study group consisted of 80 patients who were admitted to our institute for elective coronary angiography. We non-invasively measured augmentation pressure (AP), AIx, and PPA using radial applanation tonometry. RESULTS When the extent of CAD was divided by no or minimal CAD, 1- or 2- and 3-vessel disease (VD), there was a significant association between the extent of CAD and AIx and PPA in patients aged <65 years, but not in patients aged ≥ 65 years. In multivariate regression analysis after controlling the traditional risk factors, the odds ratio of having 3VD was significant in patients aged <65 years: 2.15 (1.04-4.44; p=0.039) per 5% increase of AIx and 2.02 (1.15-3.55; p=0.015) per 0.05 increase of PPA, but not in patients aged ≥ 65 years. The severity of CAD expressed as a Gensini score showed a significant correlation with AP, AIx, and PPA in patients aged <65 years, but not in patients aged ≥ 65 years. CONCLUSION Increasing of non-invasively measured AWR and PPA is related to the severity of CAD, particularly in younger patients up to 65 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Cho
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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27
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Kim DB, Baek SH, Jang SW, Her SH, Shin DI, Park CS, Park HJ, Kim PJ, Jung HO, Seung KB. Improvement of arterial stiffness in the transition from acute decompensated heart failure to chronic compensated heart failure. Clin Cardiol 2013; 36:358-62. [PMID: 23585312 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a well-established marker for aortic stiffness and may be a prognostic factor in heart failure (HF). This study investigates whether PWV changes as patients transition from acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) to chronic compensated heart failure (CCHF). HYPOTHESIS Arterial stiffness is related with the development of HF. METHODS Regional PWV was prospectively measured using noninvasive applanation tonometry in consecutive ADHF patients (n = 55). PWV measurements of 45 patients were taken at admission and 3-month follow-up (F/U). RESULTS Central and upper-extremity PWV, but not lower-extremity PWVs, were found to have improved after 3 months compared with the admission PWV (central: 8.73 ± 1.17 vs 8.39 ± 0.99 m/s, P = 0.018; upper extremity: 8.59 ± 0.84 vs 8.33 ± 0.82 m/s, P = 0.028). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly associated with the change of PWV in HF (odds ratio: 1.037, 95% confidence interval: 1.003-1.071, P = 0.030). In preserved left ventricular ejection fraction patients (n = 26) and ischemic patients (n = 31), central and upper-extremity PWVs improved over the admission PWV at 3-month F/U. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that central and upper-extremity PWVs, but not lower-extremity PWV, are increased in ADHF and improve as patients transition from ADHF to CCHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Bin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Stoner L, Young JM, Fryer S. Assessments of arterial stiffness and endothelial function using pulse wave analysis. Int J Vasc Med 2012; 2012:903107. [PMID: 22666595 PMCID: PMC3361177 DOI: 10.1155/2012/903107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, the assessments of endothelial function and arterial stiffness require different sets of equipment, making the inclusion of both tests impractical for clinical and epidemiological studies. Pulse wave analysis (PWA) provides useful information regarding the mechanical properties of the arterial tree and can also be used to assess endothelial function. PWA is a simple, valid, reliable, and inexpensive technique, offering great clinical and epidemiological potential. The current paper will outline how to measure arterial stiffness and endothelial function using this technique and include discussion of validity and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Stoner
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, P.O. Box 756, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Joanna M. Young
- Lipid and Diabetes Research Group, Diabetes Research Institute, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Simon Fryer
- School of Sciences and Physical Education, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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