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Alshahrani S, Al-Majid AM, Ali M, Alamary AS, Abu-Serie MM, Dömling A, Shafiq M, Ul-Haq Z, Barakat A. Rational Design, Synthesis, Separation, and Characterization of New Spiroxindoles Combined with Benzimidazole Scaffold as an MDM2 Inhibitor. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10040225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rational design for a new spiroxindoles, combined with a benzimidazole scaffold to identify a new murine double minute two (MDM2) inhibitor was synthesized and characterized. The desired spiroxindoles were achieved via a [3+2] cycloaddition reaction approach which afforded the cycloadducts with four asymmetric centers separated in an excellent regioselective and diastereoselective compound. The separated spiroxindoles were subjected to a set of biochemical assays including an NCI cell panel assay, MTT assay, and MDM2 binding analysis by a microscale thermophoresis assay. The anticancer reactivity for the tested compounds showed IC50 (µM) in the range between 3.797–6.879 µM, and compound 7d with IC50 = 3.797 ± 0.205 µM was the most active candidate between the series. The results showed promising results that identified that compound 7a could be inhibited the MDM2 with KD = 2.38 μm. Compound 7a developed a network of interactions with the MDM2 receptor studied in silico by molecular docking.
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2
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Kandinska MI, Burdzhiev NT, Cheshmedzhieva DV, Ilieva SV, Grozdanov PP, Vilhelmova-Ilieva N, Nikolova N, Lozanova VV, Nikolova I. Synthesis of Novel 1-Oxo-2,3,4-trisubstituted Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives, Bearing Other Heterocyclic Moieties and Comparative Preliminary Study of Anti-Coronavirus Activity of Selected Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031495. [PMID: 36771170 PMCID: PMC9921785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 1-oxo-2,3,4-trisubstituted tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) derivatives bearing other heterocyclic moieties in their structure were synthesized based on the reaction between homophthalic anhydride and imines. Initial studies were carried out to establish the anti-coronavirus activity of some of the newly obtained THIQ-derivatives against two strains of human coronavirus-229E and OC-43. Their antiviral activity was compared with that of their close analogues, piperidinones and thiomorpholinones, previously synthesized in our group, with aim to expand the range of the tested representative sample and to obtain valuable preliminary information about biological properties of a wider variety of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meglena I. Kandinska
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 J. Bourchier Avenue, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikola T. Burdzhiev
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 J. Bourchier Avenue, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (N.T.B.); (I.N.); Tel.: +359-897-227-750 (N.T.B.); +359-887-407-732 (I.N.)
| | - Diana V. Cheshmedzhieva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 J. Bourchier Avenue, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sonia V. Ilieva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 J. Bourchier Avenue, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Peter P. Grozdanov
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, 26 Georgi Bonchev Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Neli Vilhelmova-Ilieva
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, 26 Georgi Bonchev Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadya Nikolova
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, 26 Georgi Bonchev Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vesela V. Lozanova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Zdrave Street, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Nikolova
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, 26 Georgi Bonchev Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (N.T.B.); (I.N.); Tel.: +359-897-227-750 (N.T.B.); +359-887-407-732 (I.N.)
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3
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Wang Y, Ji B, Cheng Z, Zhang L, Cheng Y, Li Y, Ren J, Liu W, Ma Y. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Synthetic Indolone Derivatives as Anti-Tumor Agents Targeting p53-MDM2 and p53-MDMX. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123721. [PMID: 35744849 PMCID: PMC9230548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel indolone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their binding affinities toward MDM2 and MDMX. Some compounds showed potent MDM2 and moderate MDMX activities. Among them, compound A13 exhibited the most potent affinity toward MDM2 and MDMX, with a Ki of 0.031 and 7.24 μM, respectively. A13 was also the most potent agent against HCT116, MCF7, and A549, with IC50 values of 6.17, 11.21, and 12.49 μM, respectively. Western blot analysis confirmed that A13 upregulated the expression of MDM2, MDMX, and p53 by Western blot analysis. These results indicate that A13 is a potent dual p53-MDM2 and p53-MDMX inhibitor and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China; (B.J.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Bo Ji
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China; (B.J.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Zhongshui Cheng
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China; (B.J.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Lianghui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China; (B.J.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Yingying Cheng
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China; (B.J.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Yingying Li
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China; (B.J.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Jin Ren
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China; (B.J.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Wenbo Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China; (B.J.); (Z.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China;
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4
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Ligand-Based and Docking-Based Virtual Screening of MDM2 Inhibitors as Potent Anticancer Agents. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3195957. [PMID: 34413896 PMCID: PMC8369186 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3195957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A ligand-based and docking-based virtual screening was carried out to identify novel MDM2 inhibitors. A pharmacophore model with four features was used for virtual screening, followed by molecular docking. Seventeen compounds were selected for an in vitro MDM2 inhibition assay, and compounds AO-476/43250177, AG-690/37072075, AK-968/15254441, AO-022/43452814, and AF-399/25108021 showed promising MDM2 inhibition activities with Ki values of 9.5, 8.5, 23.4, 3.2, and 23.1 μM, respectively. Four compounds also showed antiproliferative activity, and compound AO-022/43452814 was the most potent hit with IC50 values of 19.35, 26.73, 12.63, and 24.14 μM against MCF7 (p53 +/+), MCF7 (p53 -/-), HCT116 (p53 +/+), and HCT116 (p53 -/-) cell lines, respectively. Compound AO-022/43452814 could be used as a scaffold for the development of anticancer agents targeting MDM2.
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5
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Competition NMR for Detection of Hit/Lead Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133017. [PMID: 32630327 PMCID: PMC7412237 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening for small-molecule fragments that can lead to potent inhibitors of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is often a laborious step as the fragments cannot dissociate the targeted PPI due to their low μM–mM affinities. Here, we describe an NMR competition assay called w-AIDA-NMR (weak-antagonist induced dissociation assay-NMR), which is sensitive to weak μM–mM ligand–protein interactions and which can be used in initial fragment screening campaigns. By introducing point mutations in the complex’s protein that is not targeted by the inhibitor, we lower the effective affinity of the complex, allowing for short fragments to dissociate the complex. We illustrate the method with the compounds that block the Mdm2/X-p53 and PD-1/PD-L1 oncogenic interactions. Targeting the PD-/PD-L1 PPI has profoundly advanced the treatment of different types of cancers.
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6
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Potowski M, Kunig VBK, Losch F, Brunschweiger A. Synthesis of DNA-coupled isoquinolones and pyrrolidines by solid phase ytterbium- and silver-mediated imine chemistry. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1082-1093. [PMID: 31391880 PMCID: PMC6644566 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA-encoded libraries of chemically synthesized compounds are an important small molecule screening technology. The synthesis of encoded compounds in solution is currently restricted to a few DNA-compatible and water-tolerant reactions. Encoded compound synthesis of short DNA-barcodes covalently connected to solid supports benefits from a broad range of choices of organic solvents. Here, we show that this encoded chemistry approach allows for the synthesis of DNA-coupled isoquinolones by an Yb(iii)-mediated Castagnoli-Cushman reaction under anhydrous reaction conditions and for the synthesis of highly substituted pyrrolidines by Ag(i)-mediated 1,3-dipolar azomethine ylide cycloaddition. An encoding scheme for these DNA-barcoded compounds based on a DNA hairpin is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Potowski
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany .
| | - Verena B K Kunig
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany .
| | - Florian Losch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany .
| | - Andreas Brunschweiger
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany .
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7
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Spiegelberg D, Mortensen AC, Lundsten S, Brown CJ, Lane DP, Nestor M. The MDM2/MDMX-p53 Antagonist PM2 Radiosensitizes Wild-Type p53 Tumors. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5084-5093. [PMID: 30026328 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy amplifies p53 expression in cancer cells with wild-type (wt) p53. Blocking the negative regulators MDM2 and MDMX stabilizes p53 and may therefore potentiate radiotherapy outcomes. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of the novel anti-MDM2/X stapled peptide PM2 alone and in combination with external gamma radiation in vitro and in vivo PM2 therapy combined with radiotherapy elicited synergistic therapeutic effects compared with monotherapy in cells with wt p53 in both in vitro and in vivo assays, whereas these effects did not manifest in p53 -/- cells. Biodistribution and autoradiography of 125I-PM2 revealed high and retained uptake homogenously distributed throughout the tumor. In mice carrying wt p53 tumors, PM2 combined with radiotherapy significantly prolonged the median survival by 50%, whereas effects of PM2 therapy on mutant and p53 -/- tumors were negligible. PM2-dependent stabilization of p53 was confirmed with ex vivo immunohistochemistry. These data demonstrate the potential of the stapled peptide PM2 as a radiotherapy potentiator in vivo and suggest that clinical application of PM2 with radiotherapy in wt p53 cancers might improve tumor control.Significance: These findings contribute advances to cancer radiotherapy by using novel p53-reactivating stapled peptides as radiosensitizers in wild-type p53 cancers. Cancer Res; 78(17); 5084-93. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Spiegelberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anja C Mortensen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Lundsten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christopher J Brown
- p53Lab, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - David P Lane
- p53Lab, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marika Nestor
- Department of Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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8
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Bakulina O, Ivanov A, Suslonov V, Dar'in D, Krasavin M. A speedy route to sterically encumbered, benzene-fused derivatives of privileged, naturally occurring hexahydropyrrolo[1,2- b]isoquinoline. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1413-1424. [PMID: 28781707 PMCID: PMC5530605 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 15 benzene-fused hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinolonic acids with substantial degree of steric encumbrance has been prepared via a novel variant of the Castagnoli–Cushman reaction of homophthalic anhydride (HPA) and various indolenines. The employment of a special kind of a cyclic imine component reaction allowed, for the first time, isolating a Mannich-type adduct between HPA and an imine component which has been postulated but never obtained in similar reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bakulina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetsky prospekt, Peterhof 198504, Russia
| | - Alexander Ivanov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetsky prospekt, Peterhof 198504, Russia
| | - Vitalii Suslonov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetsky prospekt, Peterhof 198504, Russia
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetsky prospekt, Peterhof 198504, Russia
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetsky prospekt, Peterhof 198504, Russia
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9
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Shymanska NV, Pierce JG. Stereoselective Synthesis of Quaternary Pyrrolidine-2,3-diones and β-Amino Acids. Org Lett 2017; 19:2961-2964. [PMID: 28537396 PMCID: PMC5540151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A facile, diastereoselective synthesis of highly substituted pyrrolidine-2,3-diones is reported, along with the one-step conversion of these heterocycles to novel β-amino acids and further functionalized derivatives. This method involves an unusually mild, one-pot, three-component cyclization/allylation followed by a Claisen rearrangement to provide unusual pyrrolidinone products that are densely functionalized and contain an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter. The reported reaction sequence is operationally simple, exquisitely diastereoselective, and provides gram-scale access to valuable heterocyclic scaffolds and β-amino acids not readily accessible via existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia V. Shymanska
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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10
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Gollner A, Rudolph D, Arnhof H, Bauer M, Blake SM, Boehmelt G, Cockroft XL, Dahmann G, Ettmayer P, Gerstberger T, Karolyi-Oezguer J, Kessler D, Kofink C, Ramharter J, Rinnenthal J, Savchenko A, Schnitzer R, Weinstabl H, Weyer-Czernilofsky U, Wunberg T, McConnell DB. Discovery of Novel Spiro[3H-indole-3,2'-pyrrolidin]-2(1H)-one Compounds as Chemically Stable and Orally Active Inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 Interaction. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10147-10162. [PMID: 27775892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Scaffold modification based on Wang's pioneering MDM2-p53 inhibitors led to novel, chemically stable spiro-oxindole compounds bearing a spiro[3H-indole-3,2'-pyrrolidin]-2(1H)-one scaffold that are not prone to epimerization as observed for the initial spiro[3H-indole-3,3'-pyrrolidin]-2(1H)-one scaffold. Further structure-based optimization inspired by natural product architectures led to a complex fused ring system ideally suited to bind to the MDM2 protein and to interrupt its protein-protein interaction (PPI) with TP53. The compounds are highly selective and show in vivo efficacy in a SJSA-1 xenograft model even when given as a single dose as demonstrated for 4-[(3S,3'S,3'aS,5'R,6'aS)-6-chloro-3'-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1'-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3',3'a,4',5',6',6'a-octahydro-1'H-spiro[indole-3,2'-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole]-5'-yl]benzoic acid (BI-0252).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gollner
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dorothea Rudolph
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heribert Arnhof
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Bauer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia M Blake
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Guido Boehmelt
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiao-Ling Cockroft
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Dahmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG , 88400 Biberach, Germany
| | - Peter Ettmayer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gerstberger
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jale Karolyi-Oezguer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dirk Kessler
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Kofink
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juergen Ramharter
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Rinnenthal
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Savchenko
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Schnitzer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Weinstabl
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Tobias Wunberg
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Darryl B McConnell
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Lemos A, Leão M, Soares J, Palmeira A, Pinto M, Saraiva L, Sousa ME. Medicinal Chemistry Strategies to Disrupt the p53-MDM2/MDMX Interaction. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:789-844. [PMID: 27302609 DOI: 10.1002/med.21393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The growth inhibitory activity of p53 tumor suppressor is tightly regulated by interaction with two negative regulatory proteins, murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and X (MDMX), which are overexpressed in about half of all human tumors. The elucidation of crystallographic structures of MDM2/MDMX complexes with p53 has been pivotal for the identification of several classes of inhibitors of the p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction. The present review provides in silico strategies and screening approaches used in drug discovery as well as an overview of the most relevant classes of small-molecule inhibitors of the p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction, their progress in pipeline, and highlights particularities of each class of inhibitors. Most of the progress made with high-throughput screening has led to the development of inhibitors belonging to the cis-imidazoline, piperidinone, and spiro-oxindole series. However, novel potent and selective classes of inhibitors of the p53-MDM2 interaction with promising antitumor activity are emerging. Even with the discovery of the 3D structure of complex p53-MDMX, only two small molecules were reported as selective p53-MDMX antagonists, WK298 and SJ-172550. Dual inhibition of the p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction has shown to be an alternative approach since it results in full activation of the p53-dependent pathway. The knowledge of structural requirements crucial to the development of small-molecule inhibitors of the p53-MDMs interactions has enabled the identification of novel antitumor agents with improved in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostinho Lemos
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Leão
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Soares
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua de Bragas, 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucília Saraiva
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua de Bragas, 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
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12
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Angulo J, Goffin SA, Gandhi D, Searcey M, Howell LA. Unveiling the "Three-Finger Pharmacophore" Required for p53-MDM2 Inhibition by Saturation-Transfer Difference (STD) NMR Initial Growth-Rates Approach. Chemistry 2016; 22:5858-62. [PMID: 26864212 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the p53-MDM2 protein-protein interaction are emerging as a new and validated approach to treating cancer. Herein, we describe the synthesis and inhibitory evaluation of a series of isoquinolin-1-one analogues, and highlight the utility of an initial growth-rates saturation-transfer difference (STD) NMR approach supported by protein-ligand docking to investigate p53-MDM2 inhibition. The approach is illustrated by the study of compound 1, providing key insights into the binding mode of this kind of MDM2 ligands and, more importantly, readily unveiling the previously proposed three-finger pharmacophore requirement for p53-MDM2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Angulo
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Sarah A Goffin
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Daivik Gandhi
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Mark Searcey
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Lesley A Howell
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Boltjes A, Huang Y, van de Velde R, Rijkee L, Wolf S, Gaugler J, Lesniak K, Guzik K, Holak TA, Dömling A. Fragment-based library generation for the discovery of a peptidomimetic p53-Mdm4 inhibitor. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:393-6. [PMID: 24983416 PMCID: PMC4130243 DOI: 10.1021/co500026b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of our recently resolved first cocrystal structure of Mdm4 in complex with a small molecule inhibitor (PDB ID 3LBJ ), we devised an approach for the generation of potential Mdm4 selective ligands. We performed the Ugi four-component reaction (Ugi-4CR) in 96-well plates with an indole fragment, which is specially designed to mimic Trp23, a key amino acid for the interaction between p53 and Mdm4. Generally the reaction yielded mostly precipitates collected by 96-well filter plates. The best hit compound was found to be active and selective for Mdm4 (Ki=5 μM, 10-fold stronger than Mdm2). This initial hit may serve as the starting point for designing selective p53-Mdm4 inhibitor with higher affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Boltjes
- Drug
Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yijun Huang
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Rob van de Velde
- Drug
Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Laurie Rijkee
- Drug
Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Siglinde Wolf
- Max
Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - James Gaugler
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Katarzyna Lesniak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Guzik
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | - Tad A. Holak
- Max
Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Drug
Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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Sarnpitak P, Krasavin M. Convenient access to novel functionalized pyrazino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-6-one and diazepino[1,2-b]isoquinolin-7-one scaffolds via the Cushman multicomponent reaction followed by post-condensation. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Patil SP, Ballester PJ, Kerezsi CR. Prospective virtual screening for novel p53–MDM2 inhibitors using ultrafast shape recognition. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2014; 28:89-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-014-9732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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16
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Havaldar FH, Mule GB, Dabholkar BV. Microwave Promoted One-Pot Synthesis of Some Novel N-Aryl Isoquinoline Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Freddy H. Havaldar
- Department of Chemistry, Nadkarni-Sacasa Research Laboratory; St. Xavier's College; Mumbai; 400001; India
| | - Ganesh B. Mule
- Department of Chemistry, Nadkarni-Sacasa Research Laboratory; St. Xavier's College; Mumbai; 400001; India
| | - Bhushan V. Dabholkar
- Department of Chemistry, Nadkarni-Sacasa Research Laboratory; St. Xavier's College; Mumbai; 400001; India
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Nag S, Qin J, Srivenugopal KS, Wang M, Zhang R. The MDM2-p53 pathway revisited. J Biomed Res 2013; 27:254-71. [PMID: 23885265 PMCID: PMC3721034 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.27.20130030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor is a key transcription factor regulating cellular pathways such as DNA repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and senescence. It acts as an important defense mechanism against cancer onset and progression, and is negatively regulated by interaction with the oncoprotein MDM2. In human cancers, the TP53 gene is frequently mutated or deleted, or the wild-type p53 function is inhibited by high levels of MDM2, leading to downregulation of tumor suppressive p53 pathways. Thus, the inhibition of MDM2-p53 interaction presents an appealing therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. However, recent studies have revealed the MDM2-p53 interaction to be more complex involving multiple levels of regulation by numerous cellular proteins and epigenetic mechanisms, making it imperative to reexamine this intricate interplay from a holistic viewpoint. This review aims to highlight the multifaceted network of molecules regulating the MDM2-p53 axis to better understand the pathway and exploit it for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasree Nag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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18
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Inhibitors of the p53/hdm2 protein–protein interaction—path to the clinic. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2480-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Schilling D, Düwel M, Molls M, Multhoff G. Radiosensitization of wildtype p53 cancer cells by the MDM2-inhibitor PXN727 is associated with altered heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) levels. Cell Stress Chaperones 2013; 18:183-91. [PMID: 22933182 PMCID: PMC3581627 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncoprotein MDM2 (murine double minute 2) is often overexpressed in human tumors and thereby attenuates the function of the tumor suppressor p53. In this study, we investigated the effects of the novel MDM2-inhibitor PXN727 on p53 activation, cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and radiosensitivity. Since the localization of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) exerts different effects on radioresistance of tumor cells, we investigated the impact of PXN727 on intracellular, membrane, and secreted Hsp70 levels. We could show that PXN727 exerts its effects on wildtype p53 (HCT116 p53⁺/⁺, A549) but not p53 depleted (HCT116 p53⁻/⁻) or mutated (FaDu) tumor cells. PXN727 activates p53, induces the expression of p21, reduces the proportion of cells in the radioresistant S-phase and induces senescence. Radiosensitivity was significantly increased by PXN727 in HCT116 p53⁺/⁺ tumor cells. Furthermore, PXN727 causes a downregulation of Hsp70 membrane expression and an upregulated secretion of Hsp70 in wildtype p53 tumor cells. Our data suggest that re-activation of p53 by MDM2-inhibition modulates Hsp70 membrane expression and secretion which might contribute to the radiosensitizing effect of the MDM2-inhibitor PXN727.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Schilling
- />Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- />CCG-Innate Immunity in Tumor Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Düwel
- />Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Molls
- />Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- />Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- />CCG-Innate Immunity in Tumor Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
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20
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Stereoselective photoinduced electrocyclic ring closure of aromatic enehydrazides. Asymmetric synthesis of 3-aryl dihydroisoquinolones and tetrahydroisoquinolines. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dömling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
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Enabling large-scale design, synthesis and validation of small molecule protein-protein antagonists. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32839. [PMID: 22427896 PMCID: PMC3299697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is no shortage of potential drug targets, there are only a handful known low-molecular-weight inhibitors of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). One problem is that current efforts are dominated by low-yield high-throughput screening, whose rigid framework is not suitable for the diverse chemotypes present in PPIs. Here, we developed a novel pharmacophore-based interactive screening technology that builds on the role anchor residues, or deeply buried hot spots, have in PPIs, and redesigns these entry points with anchor-biased virtual multicomponent reactions, delivering tens of millions of readily synthesizable novel compounds. Application of this approach to the MDM2/p53 cancer target led to high hit rates, resulting in a large and diverse set of confirmed inhibitors, and co-crystal structures validate the designed compounds. Our unique open-access technology promises to expand chemical space and the exploration of the human interactome by leveraging in-house small-scale assays and user-friendly chemistry to rationally design ligands for PPIs with known structure.
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23
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Slobbe P, Ruijter E, Orru RVA. Recent applications of multicomponent reactions in medicinal chemistry. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Abstract
p53 is a potent tumor suppressor with a crucial role in preventing uncontrolled cell proliferation and is therefore frequently deleted or mutated in cancer. For tumors with wild-type p53, its function can be overcome by overactive cellular antagonists, such as the ubiquitin ligase murine double minute clone 2 (MDM2). Restoring p53 activity by inhibiting MDM2 in such cancers can eradicate tumors. Consequently, the MDM2-p53 interaction has been extensively targeted for inhibition by small molecules. In recent years, MDM2-like protein (MDMX), another key downregulator of p53, has gained increasing importance as an additional target for drug development, in order to provide a complementary approach to MDM2 inhibition. In this review, we describe how detailed structural knowledge of the MDM2-p53 interface and, more recently, of the MDMX-p53 interaction have helped advance the development of inhibitors against the two targets. We present a summary of the functional biochemistry of MDM2, MDMX and p53 as well as their interactions and examine recent progress in the development of inhibitors of MDM2 and MDMX.
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26
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Yuan Y, Liao YM, Hsueh CT, Mirshahidi HR. Novel targeted therapeutics: inhibitors of MDM2, ALK and PARP. J Hematol Oncol 2011; 4:16. [PMID: 21504625 PMCID: PMC3103487 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-4-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We reviewed preclinical data and clinical development of MDM2 (murine double minute 2), ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) and PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibitors. MDM2 binds to p53, and promotes degradation of p53 through ubiquitin-proteasome degradation. JNJ-26854165 and RO5045337 are 2 small-molecule inhibitors of MDM2 in clinical development. ALK is a transmembrane protein and a member of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinases. EML4-ALK fusion gene is identified in approximately 3-13% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Early-phase clinical studies with Crizotinib, an ALK inhibitor, in NSCLC harboring EML4-ALK have demonstrated promising activity with high response rate and prolonged progression-free survival. PARPs are a family of nuclear enzymes that regulates the repair of DNA single-strand breaks through the base excision repair pathway. Randomized phase II study has shown adding PARP-1 inhibitor BSI-201 to cytotoxic chemotherapy improves clinical outcome in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Olaparib, another oral small-molecule PARP inhibitor, demonstrated encouraging single-agent activity in patients with advanced breast or ovarian cancer. There are 5 other PARP inhibitors currently under active clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Yu-Min Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China
| | - Chung-Tsen Hsueh
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Hamid R Mirshahidi
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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27
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Riedinger C, Noble ME, Wright DJ, Mulks F, Hardcastle IR, Endicott JA, McDonnell JM. Understanding small-molecule binding to MDM2: insights into structural effects of isoindolinone inhibitors from NMR spectroscopy. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 77:301-8. [PMID: 21244642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between murine double minute (MDM2) and p53 is a major target in anticancer drug design. Several potent compound series, including the nutlins and spirooxindoles, have previously been established as high-affinity antagonists of MDM2. In this paper, we describe the interaction of isoindolinone inhibitors with MDM2, as characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Isoindolinone inhibitors bind specifically to the MDM2 p53 binding site and exploit all sub-pockets used by p53, nutlins and spirooxindoles. Furthermore, isoindolinones bind with low micromolar to high nanomolar affinities, with the best compound approaching the potency of nutlin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Riedinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
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28
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Yanamala N, Dutta A, Beck B, van Vliet B, van Fleet B, Hay K, Yazbak A, Ishima R, Doemling A, Klein-Seetharaman J. NMR-based screening of membrane protein ligands. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 75:237-56. [PMID: 20331645 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2009.00940.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins pose problems for the application of NMR-based ligand-screening methods because of the need to maintain the proteins in a membrane mimetic environment such as detergent micelles: they add to the molecular weight of the protein, increase the viscosity of the solution, interact with ligands non-specifically, overlap with protein signals, modulate protein dynamics and conformational exchange and compromise sensitivity by adding highly intense background signals. In this article, we discuss the special considerations arising from these problems when conducting NMR-based ligand-binding studies with membrane proteins. While the use of (13)C and (15)N isotopes is becoming increasingly feasible, (19)F and (1)H NMR-based approaches are currently the most widely explored. By using suitable NMR parameter selection schemes independent of or exploiting the presence of detergent, (1)H-based approaches require least effort in sample preparation because of the high sensitivity and natural abundance of (1)H in both, ligand and protein. On the other hand, the (19)F nucleus provides an ideal NMR probe because of its similarly high sensitivity to that of (1)H and the lack of natural (19)F background in biologic systems. Despite its potential, the use of NMR spectroscopy is highly underdeveloped in the area of drug discovery for membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveena Yanamala
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15260, USA
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Khoury K, Popowicz GM, Holak TA, Dömling A. The p53-MDM2/MDMX axis - A chemotype perspective. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011; 2:246-260. [PMID: 24466404 PMCID: PMC3898590 DOI: 10.1039/c0md00248h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The protein-protein interaction (PPI) of the tumor suppressor p53 and its negative regulator MDM2 consists of the most intense studied PPI with a group of small molecular weight antagonists described and many more disclosed in patent literature. Due to the Å-level structural insight into p53 interaction with MDM2 there is a reasonable understanding of the requirements of the molecules to bind. In contrast and despite the very close homology and 3-D similarity no potent MDMX antagonist has been disclosed up to date. The current review summarizes the different disclosed chemotypes for MDM2 including a discussion of the cocrystal structures. Structures and approaches to reconstitute functional p53 from mutated p53 are presented. Finally new screening methods and recent biotech deals based on p53 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Khoury
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Tad A. Holak
- Max Planck Institut für Biochemie, München, Germany
| | - Alexander Dömling
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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31
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Bogdanov MG, Mitrev Y, Tiritiris I. New Highly Diastereoselective Perkin/Michael Addition Domino Reaction between Homophthalic Anhydride and Aromatic Aldehydes: A Facile Approach to Blue-Fluorescent Dibenzo[c,h]chromenones. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Kalinski C, Umkehrer M, Weber L, Kolb J, Burdack C, Ross G. On the industrial applications of MCRs: molecular diversity in drug discovery and generic drug synthesis. Mol Divers 2010; 14:513-22. [PMID: 20229364 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-010-9225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades, multicomponent chemistry has gained much attention in pharmaceutical research, especially in the context of lead finding and optimization. Here, in particular, the main advantages of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) like ease of automation and high diversity generation were utilized. In consequence of these beneficial properties, a plethora of new MCRs combined with appropriate classical reaction sequences have been published, the accessible chemical space was extended steadily. In the meantime, the desired high diversity became a challenge itself, because by now the systematic use of this huge and unmanageable space for drug discovery was limited by the lack of suitable computational tools. Therefore, this article provides an insight for the rational use of this enormous chemical space in drug discovery and generic drug synthesis. In this context, a short overview of the applied chemo informatics, necessary for the virtual screening of the biggest available chemical space, is given. Furthermore, some examples for recently developed multicomponent sequences are presented.
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Akkurt M, Karaca S, Bogdanov MG, Kandinska MI, Büyükgüngör O. Methyl trans-(±)-1-oxo-2-phenethyl-3-(thio-phen-2-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-isoquinoline-4-carboxyl-ate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o1287-8. [PMID: 21583149 PMCID: PMC2969771 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809017383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C(23)H(21)NO(3)S, the piperidine ring of the tetra-hydro-isoquinolinone unit adopts a screw-boat conformation. The thio-phene ring is disordered in a 0.700 (3):0.300 (3) ratio by an approximate 180° rotation of the ring around the C-C bond linking the ring to the tetra-hydro-isoquinolinone unit. The benzene ring of the tetra-hydro-isoquinolinone unit makes dihedral angles of 83.1 (2) and 62.38 (11)° with the major occupancy thio-phene ring and the phenyl ring, respectively. The dihedral angle between the phenyl ring and the thio-phene ring is 71.0 (2)°. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules are linked together by inter-molecular C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π inter-actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Akkurt
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Selvi Karaca
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Milen G. Bogdanov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sofia, 1 James Bourchier Boulevard, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Meglena I. Kandinska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sofia, 1 James Bourchier Boulevard, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Orhan Büyükgüngör
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
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Wade M, Wahl GM. Targeting Mdm2 and Mdmx in cancer therapy: better living through medicinal chemistry? Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:1-11. [PMID: 19147532 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genomic and proteomic profiling of human tumor samples and tumor-derived cell lines are essential for the realization of personalized therapy in oncology. Identification of the changes required for tumor initiation or maintenance will likely provide new targets for small-molecule and biological therapeutics. For example, inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway occurs in most human cancers. Although this can be due to frank p53 gene mutation, almost half of all cancers retain the wild-type p53 allele, indicating that the pathway is disabled by other means. Alternate mechanisms include deletion or epigenetic inactivation of the p53-positive regulator arf, methylation of the p53 promoter, or elevated expression of the p53 regulators Mdm2 and Mdmx. This review discusses current models of p53 regulation by Mdm2 and Mdmx and presents the rationale for design of future Mdmx-specific therapeutics based on our knowledge of its structure and biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wade
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Lehman JA, Eitel JA, Batuello CN, Mayo LD. Therapeutic considerations for Mdm2: not just a one trick pony. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2008; 3:1309-1321. [PMID: 19738896 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.11.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The mdm2 proto-oncogene is elevated in numerous late stage cancers. The Mdm2 protein manifests its oncogenic properties in part through inactivation of the tumor suppressor protein p53. Recent efforts in anti-cancer drug design have focused on the identification of small molecules that disrupt the Mdm2-p53 interaction, in hopes of re-engaging the p53 pathway. OBJECTIVE: In addition to binding p53, Mdm2 complexes with numerous proteins involved in DNA repair, translation, metabolic activities, tumor growth and apoptosis. Additional biochemical analysis is required to understand how Mdm2 integrates into all of these cellular processes. Post-translational modifications to Mdm2 can alter its ability to associate with numerous proteins. Changes in protein structure may also affect the ability of small molecule inhibitors to effectively antagonize Mdm2. CONCLUSION: The complexity of Mdm2 modification has been largely neglected during the development of previous Mdm2 inhibitors. Future high-throughput or in silico screening efforts will need to recognize the importance of post-translational modifications to Mdm2. Furthermore, the identification of molecules that target other domains in Mdm2 may provide a tool to prevent other pivotal p53-independent functions of Mdm2. These aims provide a useful roadmap for the discovery of new Mdm2 binding compounds with therapeutic potency that may exceed its predecessors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Lehman
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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Akkurt M, Oztürk Yıldırım S, Bogdanov MG, Kandinska MI, Büyükgüngör O. trans-rac-[1-Oxo-2-phenethyl-3-(2-thien-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-isoquinolin-4-yl]methyl 4-methyl-benzene-sulfonate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o1955-6. [PMID: 21201159 PMCID: PMC2959401 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808029309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C29H27NO4S2, was synthesized by reaction of trans-rac-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-phenethyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one and 4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride in the presence of Et3N in CH2Cl2. The relative orientations of the benzene ring (A) of the 3,4-dihydroisoquinolinone ring system, the thiophene ring (B), the benzene ring (C) of the methylbenzene group and the phenyl ring (D) result in the following dihedral angles: A/B = 80.91 (16), A/C = 22.79 (18), A/D = 9.9 (2), B/C = 80.73 (19), B/D = 88.9 (2) and C/D = 29.9 (2)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π interactions.
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Rothweiler U, Czarna A, Weber L, Popowicz GM, Brongel K, Kowalska K, Orth M, Stemmann O, Holak TA. NMR Screening for Lead Compounds Using Tryptophan-Mutated Proteins. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5035-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jm8002813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulli Rothweiler
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany, NexusPharma Inc., 253-13 Summit Square Center, Langhorne, Pennsylvania 19047-1098
| | - Anna Czarna
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany, NexusPharma Inc., 253-13 Summit Square Center, Langhorne, Pennsylvania 19047-1098
| | - Lutz Weber
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany, NexusPharma Inc., 253-13 Summit Square Center, Langhorne, Pennsylvania 19047-1098
| | - Grzegorz M. Popowicz
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany, NexusPharma Inc., 253-13 Summit Square Center, Langhorne, Pennsylvania 19047-1098
| | - Kinga Brongel
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany, NexusPharma Inc., 253-13 Summit Square Center, Langhorne, Pennsylvania 19047-1098
| | - Kaja Kowalska
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany, NexusPharma Inc., 253-13 Summit Square Center, Langhorne, Pennsylvania 19047-1098
| | - Michael Orth
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany, NexusPharma Inc., 253-13 Summit Square Center, Langhorne, Pennsylvania 19047-1098
| | - Olaf Stemmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany, NexusPharma Inc., 253-13 Summit Square Center, Langhorne, Pennsylvania 19047-1098
| | - Tad A. Holak
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany, NexusPharma Inc., 253-13 Summit Square Center, Langhorne, Pennsylvania 19047-1098
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