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Murakami Y, Katsuchi D, Matsumoto T, Kanazawa K, Shibata T, Kawahara A, Akiba J, Yanaihara N, Okamoto A, Itamochi H, Sugiyama T, Terada A, Nishio S, Tsuda N, Kato K, Ono M, Kuwano M. Y-box binding protein 1/cyclin A1 axis specifically promotes cell cycle progression at G 2/M phase in ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21701. [PMID: 39289424 PMCID: PMC11408696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) promotes oncogenic transformation and tumor growth. YBX1 plays a role in regulation of cell cycle promotion via upregulation of cell cycle-related genes. In ovarian cancer, YBX1 also promotes tumor growth, but the mechanisms of YBX1 in cell growth and cell cycle in ovarian cancer remain not to be fully understood. Here, we investigated whether YBX1-dependent cancer cell proliferation was specifically associated with expression of cell cycle related genes in ovarian cancer. Protein and mRNA expression levels of YBX1 and cell cycle-related genes in ovarian cancer cell lines and tissues were determined by western blot analysis, immunohistochemical analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Luciferase assay and Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were used to investigate a transcriptional function of YBX1. YBX1 silencing induced marked growth suppression in 4 cell lines (group A), moderate suppression in 5 cell lines (group B), and no suppression in 3 cell lines (group C) among 12 ovarian cancer cell lines in culture. The YBX1 silencing induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and suppressed expression of cyclin A1 gene in group A and B cell lines, but not in group C cell lines. Cyclin A1 silencing specifically suppressed cell proliferation in group A cell lines and partially in group B cell lines, but not at all in group C cell lines. YBX1 mRNA levels were significantly correlated with cyclin A1 mRNA levels in patients with high-grade serous carcinoma. Augmented YBX1 expression plays a key role in tumor growth promotion in ovarian cancer in its close association with cyclin A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Murakami
- Basic Medical Research Unit, St. Mary's Research Center, 422 Tsubukuhon-Machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-8543, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Katsuchi
- Basic Medical Research Unit, St. Mary's Research Center, 422 Tsubukuhon-Machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-8543, Japan
| | - Taichi Matsumoto
- Basic Medical Research Unit, St. Mary's Research Center, 422 Tsubukuhon-Machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-8543, Japan
| | - Kuon Kanazawa
- Basic Medical Research Unit, St. Mary's Research Center, 422 Tsubukuhon-Machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-8543, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shibata
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Akihiko Kawahara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Jun Akiba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yanaihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Itamochi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba-Cho, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Toru Sugiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Mary's Hospital, Kurume, 830-8543, Japan
| | - Atsumu Terada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Mary's Hospital, Kurume, 830-8543, Japan
| | - Shin Nishio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Naotake Tsuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ono
- Basic Medical Research Unit, St. Mary's Research Center, 422 Tsubukuhon-Machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-8543, Japan
| | - Michihiko Kuwano
- Basic Medical Research Unit, St. Mary's Research Center, 422 Tsubukuhon-Machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-8543, Japan
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2
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Marlin R, Loger JS, Joachim C, Ebring C, Robert-Siegwald G, Pennont S, Rose M, Raguette K, Suez-Panama V, Ulric-Gervaise S, Lusbec S, Bera O, Vallard A, Aline-Fardin A, Colomba E, Jean-Laurent M. Copy number signatures and CCNE1 amplification reveal the involvement of replication stress in high-grade endometrial tumors oncogenesis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:1441-1457. [PMID: 38564163 PMCID: PMC11322381 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00942-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Managing high-grade endometrial cancer in Martinique poses significant challenges. The diversity of copy number alterations in high-grade endometrial tumors, often associated with a TP53 mutation, is a key factor complicating treatment. Due to the high incidence of high-grade tumors with poor prognosis, our study aimed to characterize the molecular signature of these tumors within a cohort of 25 high-grade endometrial cases. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive pangenomic analysis to categorize the copy number alterations involved in these tumors. Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES) and Homologous Recombination (HR) analysis were performed. The alterations obtained from the WES were classified into various signatures using the Copy Number Signatures tool available in COSMIC. RESULTS We identified several signatures that correlated with tumor stage and disctinct prognoses. These signatures all seem to be linked to replication stress, with CCNE1 amplification identified as the primary driver of oncogenesis in over 70% of tumors analyzed. CONCLUSION The identification of CCNE1 amplification, which is currently being explored as a therapeutic target in clinical trials, suggests new treatment strategies for high-grade endometrial cancer. This finding holds particular significance for Martinique, where access to care is challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Marlin
- Department of Cancer Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique.
| | - Jean-Samuel Loger
- Department of Cancer Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Clarisse Joachim
- General Cancer Registry of Martinique, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Coralie Ebring
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Guillaume Robert-Siegwald
- MitoVasc Unit, SFR ICAT, Mitolab Team, UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM U1083, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Sabrina Pennont
- Department of Cancer Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Mickaelle Rose
- Martinique Regional Oncology Platform, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Kevin Raguette
- Department of Cancer Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Valerie Suez-Panama
- Biological Resource Center, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Sylviane Ulric-Gervaise
- Department of Cancer Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Sylvie Lusbec
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Odile Bera
- Department of Cancer Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Alexis Vallard
- Department of Oncology Hematology Urology, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | | | - Emeline Colomba
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mehdi Jean-Laurent
- Department of Gynecological and Breast Surgery, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
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3
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Xu J, Lu W, Wei X, Zhang B, Yang H, Tu M, Chen X, Wu S, Guo T. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the aggressive landscape of high-grade serous carcinoma and therapeutic targets in tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2024; 593:216928. [PMID: 38714290 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is characterized by early abdominal metastasis, leading to a dismal prognosis. In this study, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing on 109,573 cells from 34 tumor samples of 18 HGSC patients, including both primary tumors and their metastatic sites. Our analysis revealed a distinct S100A9+ tumor cell subtype present in both primary and metastatic sites, strongly associated with poor overall survival. This subtype exhibited high expression of S100A8, S100A9, ADGRF1, CEACAM6, CST6, NDRG2, MUC4, PI3, SDC1, and C15orf48. Individual knockdown of these ten marker genes, validated through in vitro and in vivo models, significantly inhibited ovarian cancer growth and invasion. Around S100A9+ tumor cells, a population of HK2+_CAF was identified, characterized by activated glycolysis metabolism, correlating with shorter overall survival in patients. Notably, similar to CAFs, immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) subtypes underwent glycolipid metabolism reprogramming via PPARgamma regulation, promoting tumor metastasis. These findings shed light on the mechanisms driving the aggressiveness of HGSC, offering crucial insights for the development of novel therapeutic targets against this formidable cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfen Xu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Novel Bioinformatics Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihua Yang
- Novel Bioinformatics Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyan Tu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenglong Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianchen Guo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Zhang W, Li Q, Yin R. Targeting WEE1 Kinase in Gynecological Malignancies. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:2449-2460. [PMID: 38915863 PMCID: PMC11195673 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s462056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
WEE1 kinase is involved in the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint control and DNA damage repair. A functional G2/M checkpoint is crucial for DNA repair in cancer cells with p53 mutations since they lack a functional G1/S checkpoint. Targeted inhibition of WEE1 kinase may cause tumor cell apoptosis, primarily, in the p53-deficient tumor, via bypassing the G2/M checkpoint without properly repairing DNA damage, resulting in genome instability and chromosomal deletion. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the biological role of WEE1 kinase and the potential of WEE1 inhibitor (WEE1i) for treating gynecological malignancies. We conducted a thorough literature search from 2001 to September 2023 in prominent databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane, utilizing appropriate keywords of WEE1i and gynecologic oncology. WEE1i has been shown to inhibit tumor activity and enhance the sensitivity of chemotherapy or radiotherapy in preclinical models, particularly in p53-mutated gynecologic cancer models, although not exclusively. Recently, WEE1i alone or combined with genotoxic agents has confirmed its efficacy and safety in Phase I/II gynecological malignancies clinical trials. Furthermore, it has become increasingly clear that other inhibitors of DNA damage pathways show synthetic lethality with WEE1i, and WEE1 modulates therapeutic immune responses, providing a rationale for the combination of WEE1i and immune checkpoint blockade. In this review, we summarize the biological function of WEE1 kinase, development of WEE1i, and outline the preclinical and clinical data available on the investigation of WEE1i for treating gynecologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingli Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rutie Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Thomas ME, Qi W, Walsh MP, Ma J, Westover T, Abdelhamed S, Ezzell LJ, Rolle C, Xiong E, Rosikiewicz W, Xu B, Loughran AJ, Pruett-Miller SM, Janke LJ, Klco JM. Functional characterization of cooperating MGA mutations in RUNX1::RUNX1T1 acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2024; 38:991-1002. [PMID: 38454121 PMCID: PMC11073986 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
MGA (Max-gene associated) is a dual-specificity transcription factor that negatively regulates MYC-target genes to inhibit proliferation and promote differentiation. Loss-of-function mutations in MGA have been commonly identified in several hematological neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with RUNX1::RUNX1T1, however, very little is known about the impact of these MGA alterations on normal hematopoiesis or disease progression. We show that representative MGA mutations identified in patient samples abolish protein-protein interactions and transcriptional activity. Using a series of human and mouse model systems, including a newly developed conditional knock-out mouse strain, we demonstrate that loss of MGA results in upregulation of MYC and E2F targets, cell cycle genes, mTOR signaling, and oxidative phosphorylation in normal hematopoietic cells, leading to enhanced proliferation. The loss of MGA induces an open chromatin state at promoters of genes involved in cell cycle and proliferation. RUNX1::RUNX1T1 expression in Mga-deficient murine hematopoietic cells leads to a more aggressive AML with a significantly shortened latency. These data show that MGA regulates multiple pro-proliferative pathways in hematopoietic cells and cooperates with the RUNX1::RUNX1T1 fusion oncoprotein to enhance leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin E Thomas
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Wenqing Qi
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Tamara Westover
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Sherif Abdelhamed
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Lauren J Ezzell
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chandra Rolle
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Emily Xiong
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Wojciech Rosikiewicz
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Beisi Xu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Allister J Loughran
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Laura J Janke
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jeffery M Klco
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 342, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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6
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Hummel JR, Xiao KJ, Yang JC, Epling LB, Mukai K, Ye Q, Xu M, Qian D, Huo L, Weber M, Roman V, Lo Y, Drake K, Stump K, Covington M, Kapilashrami K, Zhang G, Ye M, Diamond S, Yeleswaram S, Macarron R, Deller MC, Wee S, Kim S, Wang X, Wu L, Yao W. Discovery of (4-Pyrazolyl)-2-aminopyrimidines as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3112-3126. [PMID: 38325398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
CDK2 is a critical regulator of the cell cycle. For a variety of human cancers, the dysregulation of CDK2/cyclin E1 can lead to tumor growth and proliferation. Historically, early efforts to develop CDK2 inhibitors with clinical applications proved unsuccessful due to challenges in achieving selectivity over off-target CDK isoforms with associated toxicity. In this report, we describe the discovery of (4-pyrazolyl)-2-aminopyrimidines as a potent class of CDK2 inhibitors that display selectivity over CDKs 1, 4, 6, 7, and 9. SAR studies led to the identification of compound 17, a kinase selective and highly potent CDK2 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.29 nM). The evaluation of 17 in CCNE1-amplified mouse models shows the pharmacodynamic inhibition of CDK2, measured by reduced Rb phosphorylation, and antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Hummel
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Kai-Jiong Xiao
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Yang
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Leslie B Epling
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Ken Mukai
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Qinda Ye
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Meizhong Xu
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Dingquan Qian
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Lu Huo
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Michael Weber
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Valerie Roman
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Yvonne Lo
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Katherine Drake
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Kristine Stump
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Maryanne Covington
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Kanishk Kapilashrami
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Min Ye
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Sharon Diamond
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Swamy Yeleswaram
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Ricardo Macarron
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Marc C Deller
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Susan Wee
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Sunkyu Kim
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Xiaozhao Wang
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Liangxing Wu
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Wenqing Yao
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
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7
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Crispin-Ortuzar M, Woitek R, Reinius MAV, Moore E, Beer L, Bura V, Rundo L, McCague C, Ursprung S, Escudero Sanchez L, Martin-Gonzalez P, Mouliere F, Chandrananda D, Morris J, Goranova T, Piskorz AM, Singh N, Sahdev A, Pintican R, Zerunian M, Rosenfeld N, Addley H, Jimenez-Linan M, Markowetz F, Sala E, Brenton JD. Integrated radiogenomics models predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6756. [PMID: 37875466 PMCID: PMC10598212 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is a highly heterogeneous disease that typically presents at an advanced, metastatic state. The multi-scale complexity of HGSOC is a major obstacle to predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and understanding critical determinants of response. Here we present a framework to predict the response of HGSOC patients to NACT integrating baseline clinical, blood-based, and radiomic biomarkers extracted from all primary and metastatic lesions. We use an ensemble machine learning model trained to predict the change in total disease volume using data obtained at diagnosis (n = 72). The model is validated in an internal hold-out cohort (n = 20) and an independent external patient cohort (n = 42). In the external cohort the integrated radiomics model reduces the prediction error by 8% with respect to the clinical model, achieving an AUC of 0.78 for RECIST 1.1 classification compared to 0.47 for the clinical model. Our results emphasize the value of including radiomics data in integrative models of treatment response and provide methods for developing new biomarker-based clinical trials of NACT in HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Crispin-Ortuzar
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ramona Woitek
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Analysis and AI (MIAAI), Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
| | - Marika A V Reinius
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth Moore
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucian Beer
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vlad Bura
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leonardo Rundo
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Cathal McCague
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephan Ursprung
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lorena Escudero Sanchez
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paula Martin-Gonzalez
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florent Mouliere
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - James Morris
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Teodora Goranova
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna M Piskorz
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Naveena Singh
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Anju Sahdev
- Department of Radiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Roxana Pintican
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Radiology, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marta Zerunian
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome-Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nitzan Rosenfeld
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Addley
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mercedes Jimenez-Linan
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florian Markowetz
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Evis Sala
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Western Balkans University, Tirana, Albania
| | - James D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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8
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Tsibulak I, Fotopoulou C. Tumor biology and impact on timing of surgery in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2023; 33:1627-1632. [PMID: 37553165 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-004676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in epithelial ovarian cancer research have led to a shift in treatment strategy from the traditional 'organ-centric' to a personalized tumor biology-based approach. Nevertheless, we are still far behind an individualized approach for cytoreductive surgery in advanced ovarian cancer; the gold standard of primary treatment in combination with systemic agents. The impact of tumor biology on treatment sequence is still understudied. It is obvious, that response to platinum-based therapy is crucial for the success of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. While high-grade serous and endometrioid tumors are commonly characterized by an excellent response, other subtypes are considered poor responders or even resistant to platinum. Undoubtedly, neoadjuvant chemotherapy may filter poor responders, but to date, we still do not have appropriate alternatives to platinum-based chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant and first-line setting and 'adjusting' systemic treatment in cases of poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy remains elusive. Primary cytoreduction is still considered the gold standard for fit patients with operable tumor dissemination patterns, especially for those ovarian cancer subtypes that show poor response to platinum. Of note, even in high-grade serous ovarian cancer, approximately 20% of tumors are platinum resistant and the benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in this subgroup is limited. Interestingly, these tumors are associated with the mesenchymal molecular subtype, which in turn correlates with high risk for residual disease after cytoreductive surgery and is characterized by the worst survival outcome among high-grade ovarian cancers. This leads to the question, how to best tailor surgical radicality at the onset of patients' presentation to avoid associated morbidity and with a moderate benefit. Here, we give an overview of recent advances of interaction between tumor biology and surgery in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tsibulak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Fotopoulou
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine, London, London, UK
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9
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Klco J, Thomas M, Qi W, Walsh M, Ma J, Westover T, Abdelhamed S, Ezzell L, Rolle C, Xiong E, Rosikiewicz W, Xu B, Pruett-Miller S, Loughran A, Janke L. Functional Characterization of Cooperating MGA Mutations in RUNX1::RUNX1T1 Acute Myeloid Leukemia. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3315059. [PMID: 37790524 PMCID: PMC10543392 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3315059/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
MGA (Max-gene associated) is a dual-specificity transcription factor that negatively regulates MYC-target genes to inhibit proliferation and promote differentiation. Loss-of-function mutations in MGA have been commonly identified in several hematological neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with RUNX1::RUNX1T1, however, very little is known about the impact of these MGA alterations on normal hematopoiesis or disease progression. We show that representative MGA mutations identified in patient samples abolish protein-protein interactions and transcriptional activity. Using a series of human and mouse model systems, including a newly developed conditional knock-out mouse strain, we demonstrate that loss of MGA results in upregulation of MYC and E2F targets, cell cycle genes, mTOR signaling, and oxidative phosphorylation in normal hematopoietic cells, leading to enhanced proliferation. The loss of MGA induces an open chromatin state at promotors of genes involved in cell cycle and proliferation. RUNX1::RUNX1T1 expression in Mga-deficient murine hematopoietic cells leads to a more aggressive AML with a significantly shortened latency. These data show that MGA regulates multiple pro-proliferative pathways in hematopoietic cells and cooperates with the RUNX1::RUNX1 T1 fusion oncoprotein to enhance leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jing Ma
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Beisi Xu
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital
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10
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Senkowski W, Gall-Mas L, Falco MM, Li Y, Lavikka K, Kriegbaum MC, Oikkonen J, Bulanova D, Pietras EJ, Voßgröne K, Chen YJ, Erkan EP, Dai J, Lundgren A, Grønning Høg MK, Larsen IM, Lamminen T, Kaipio K, Huvila J, Virtanen A, Engelholm L, Christiansen P, Santoni-Rugiu E, Huhtinen K, Carpén O, Hynninen J, Hautaniemi S, Vähärautio A, Wennerberg K. A platform for efficient establishment and drug-response profiling of high-grade serous ovarian cancer organoids. Dev Cell 2023:S1534-5807(23)00182-X. [PMID: 37148882 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The broad research use of organoids from high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) has been hampered by low culture success rates and limited availability of fresh tumor material. Here, we describe a method for generation and long-term expansion of HGSC organoids with efficacy markedly improved over previous reports (53% vs. 23%-38%). We established organoids from cryopreserved material, demonstrating the feasibility of using viably biobanked tissue for HGSC organoid derivation. Genomic, histologic, and single-cell transcriptomic analyses revealed that organoids recapitulated genetic and phenotypic features of original tumors. Organoid drug responses correlated with clinical treatment outcomes, although in a culture conditions-dependent manner and only in organoids maintained in human plasma-like medium (HPLM). Organoids from consenting patients are available to the research community through a public biobank and organoid genomic data are explorable through an interactive online tool. Taken together, this resource facilitates the application of HGSC organoids in basic and translational ovarian cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Senkowski
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Laura Gall-Mas
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matías Marín Falco
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yilin Li
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Lavikka
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mette C Kriegbaum
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jaana Oikkonen
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daria Bulanova
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elin J Pietras
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karolin Voßgröne
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yan-Jun Chen
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erdogan Pekcan Erkan
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jun Dai
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anastasia Lundgren
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mia Kristine Grønning Høg
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Marie Larsen
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tarja Lamminen
- Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Kaipio
- Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Jutta Huvila
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Anni Virtanen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lars Engelholm
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Christiansen
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Santoni-Rugiu
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaisa Huhtinen
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Carpén
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Hynninen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Vähärautio
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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11
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Xu P, Luo A, Xiong C, Ren H, Yan L, Luo Q. SCUBE3 downregulation modulates hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting CCNE1 via TGFβ/PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:1. [PMID: 34980127 PMCID: PMC8725472 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to verify the role of signal peptide-CUB-EGF-like domain-containing protein3 (SCUBE3) in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. METHODS The role of SCUBE3 in HCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle in vitro were detected using MTT assay, colony formation assay, 5-ethynyl-2´-deoxyuridine assay (EDU), Celigo cell counting assay, Caspase3/7 activity assay, and flow cytometry. The effect of SCUBE3 on HCC cell proliferation in vivo was inspected by a xenograft tumour model in nude mice. The related mechanisms were further studied. RESULTS The level of SCUBE3 was upregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of SCUBE3 inhibited proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and induced cell cycle arrest in HCC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Screening of cell cycle-related proteins revealed that CCNL2, CDK6, CCNE1, and CCND1 exhibited a significantly different expression profile. We found that SCUBE3 may promote the proliferation of HCC cells by regulating CCNE1 expression. The pathway enrichment analysis showed that the TGFβ signalling pathway and the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway were significantly altered. Co-immunoprecipitation results showed that SCUBE3 binds to the TGFβRII receptor. SCUBE3 knockdown inhibited the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway and the phosphorylation of GSK3β to inhibit its kinase activity. CONCLUSIONS SCUBE3 promotes HCC development by regulating CCNE1 via TGFβ/PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway. In addition, SCUBE3 may be a new molecular target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Aoran Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Xiong
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610061, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Yan
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Chongqing Hygeia Cancer Hospital, 200 SiXian Road, Chongqing, 401332, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Xu H, George E, Kinose Y, Kim H, Shah JB, Peake JD, Ferman B, Medvedev S, Murtha T, Barger CJ, Devins KM, D’Andrea K, Wubbenhorst B, Schwartz LE, Hwang WT, Mills GB, Nathanson KL, Karpf AR, Drapkin R, Brown EJ, Simpkins F. CCNE1 copy number is a biomarker for response to combination WEE1-ATR inhibition in ovarian and endometrial cancer models. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100394. [PMID: 34622231 PMCID: PMC8484689 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CCNE1-amplified ovarian cancers (OVCAs) and endometrial cancers (EMCAs) are associated with platinum resistance and poor survival, representing a clinically unmet need. We hypothesized that dysregulated cell-cycle progression promoted by CCNE1 overexpression would lead to increased sensitivity to low-dose WEE1 inhibition and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) inhibition (WEE1i-ATRi), thereby optimizing efficacy and tolerability. The addition of ATRi to WEE1i is required to block feedback activation of ATR signaling mediated by WEE1i. Low-dose WEE1i-ATRi synergistically decreases viability and colony formation and increases replication fork collapse and double-strand breaks (DSBs) in a CCNE1 copy number (CN)-dependent manner. Only upon CCNE1 induction does WEE1i perturb DNA synthesis at S-phase entry, and addition of ATRi increases DSBs during DNA synthesis. Inherent resistance to WEE1i is overcome with WEE1i-ATRi, with notable durable tumor regressions and improved survival in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in a CCNE1-level-dependent manner. These studies demonstrate that CCNE1 CN is a clinically tractable biomarker predicting responsiveness to low-dose WEE1i-ATRi for aggressive subsets of OVCAs/EMCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haineng Xu
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erin George
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yasuto Kinose
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hyoung Kim
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jasmine D. Peake
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin Ferman
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sergey Medvedev
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas Murtha
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Carter J. Barger
- Eppley Institute and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kyle M. Devins
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kurt D’Andrea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bradley Wubbenhorst
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lauren E. Schwartz
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wei-Ting Hwang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Katherine L. Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adam R. Karpf
- Eppley Institute and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric J. Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fiona Simpkins
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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13
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De Noon S, Ijaz J, Coorens THH, Amary F, Ye H, Strobl A, Lyskjær I, Flanagan AM, Behjati S. MYC amplifications are common events in childhood osteosarcoma. J Pathol Clin Res 2021; 7:425-431. [PMID: 33969640 PMCID: PMC8363928 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, the most common primary malignant tumour of bone, affects both children and adults. No fundamental biological differences between paediatric and adult osteosarcoma are known. Here, we apply multi-region whole-genome sequencing to an index case of a 4-year-old child whose aggressive tumour harboured high-level, focal amplifications of MYC and CCNE1 connected by translocations. We reanalysed copy number readouts of 258 cases of high-grade osteosarcoma from three different cohorts and identified a significant enrichment of focal MYC, but not CCNE1, amplifications in children. Furthermore, we identified four additional cases of MYC and CCNE1 coamplification, highlighting a rare driver event which warrants further investigation. Our findings indicate that amplification of the MYC oncogene is a major driver of childhood osteosarcoma, while CCNE1 appears recurrently amplified independent of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange De Noon
- Research Department of PathologyUniversity College London (UCL) Cancer InstituteLondonUK
| | | | | | - Fernanda Amary
- Department of HistopathologyRoyal National Orthopaedic HospitalStanmoreUK
| | - Hongtao Ye
- Department of HistopathologyRoyal National Orthopaedic HospitalStanmoreUK
| | - Anna Strobl
- Department of HistopathologyRoyal National Orthopaedic HospitalStanmoreUK
| | - Iben Lyskjær
- Research Department of PathologyUniversity College London (UCL) Cancer InstituteLondonUK
- Medical Genomics Research GroupUCL Cancer InstituteLondonUK
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- Research Department of PathologyUniversity College London (UCL) Cancer InstituteLondonUK
- Department of HistopathologyRoyal National Orthopaedic HospitalStanmoreUK
| | - Sam Behjati
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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14
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Freeman-Cook KD, Hoffman RL, Behenna DC, Boras B, Carelli J, Diehl W, Ferre RA, He YA, Hui A, Huang B, Huser N, Jones R, Kephart SE, Lapek J, McTigue M, Miller N, Murray BW, Nagata A, Nguyen L, Niessen S, Ninkovic S, O'Doherty I, Ornelas MA, Solowiej J, Sutton SC, Tran K, Tseng E, Visswanathan R, Xu M, Zehnder L, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Dann S. Discovery of PF-06873600, a CDK2/4/6 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9056-9077. [PMID: 34110834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Control of the cell cycle through selective pharmacological inhibition of CDK4/6 has proven beneficial in the treatment of breast cancer. Extending this level of control to additional cell cycle CDK isoforms represents an opportunity to expand to additional tumor types and potentially provide benefits to patients that develop tumors resistant to selective CDK4/6 inhibitors. However, broad-spectrum CDK inhibitors have a long history of failure due to safety concerns. In this approach, we describe the use of structure-based drug design and Free-Wilson analysis to optimize a series of CDK2/4/6 inhibitors. Further, we detail the use of molecular dynamics simulations to provide insights into the basis for selectivity against CDK9. Based on overall potency, selectivity, and ADME profile, PF-06873600 (22) was identified as a candidate for the treatment of cancer and advanced to phase 1 clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Freeman-Cook
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert L Hoffman
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Douglas C Behenna
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Britton Boras
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jordan Carelli
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Wade Diehl
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Rose Ann Ferre
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - You-Ai He
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andrea Hui
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Buwen Huang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Nanni Huser
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Rhys Jones
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Susan E Kephart
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John Lapek
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michele McTigue
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Nichol Miller
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brion W Murray
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Asako Nagata
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lisa Nguyen
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sherry Niessen
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sacha Ninkovic
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Inish O'Doherty
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Martha A Ornelas
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - James Solowiej
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Scott C Sutton
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Khanh Tran
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Elaine Tseng
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ravi Visswanathan
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Meirong Xu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Luke Zehnder
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Qin Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Cathy Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Stephen Dann
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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15
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Kawahara N, Yamada Y, Kobayashi H. CCNE1 Is a Putative Therapeutic Target for ARID1A-Mutated Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115869. [PMID: 34070839 PMCID: PMC8198755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is resistant to platinum chemotherapy and is characterized by poor prognosis. Today, the use of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, which is based on synthetic lethality strategy and characterized by cancer selectivity, is widely used for new types of molecular-targeted treatment of relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. However, it is less effective against OCCC. Methods: We conducted siRNA screening to identify synthetic lethal candidates for the ARID1A mutation; as a result, we identified Cyclin-E1 (CCNE1) as a potential target that affects cell viability. To further clarify the effects of CCNE1, human OCCC cell lines, namely TOV-21G and KOC7c (ARID1A mutant lines), and RMG-I and ES2 (ARID1A wild type lines) were transfected with siRNA targeting CCNE1 or a control vector. Results: Loss of CCNE1 reduced proliferation of the TOV-21G and KOC7c cells but not of the RMG-I and ES2 cells. Furthermore, in vivo interference of CCNE1 effectively inhibited tumor cell proliferation in a xenograft mouse model. Conclusion: This study showed for the first time that CCNE1 is a synthetic lethal target gene to ARID1A-mutated OCCC. Targeting this gene may represent a putative, novel, anticancer strategy in OCCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kawahara
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-744-29-8877; Fax: +81-(744)-23-6557
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16
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Wei R, Dean DC, Thanindratarn P, Hornicek FJ, Guo W, Duan Z. Prognostic Significance of Cyclin E1 Expression in Patients With Chordoma: A Clinicopathological and Immunohistochemical Study. Front Oncol 2020; 10:596330. [PMID: 33282745 PMCID: PMC7705258 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.596330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chordomas are rare, slow-growing sarcomas without any accepted prognostic biomarkers. Owing to their proximity to critical neurovascular structures, discovering predictive biomarkers in chordoma has been a significant research effort because it may potentially reduce risky therapies in patients with less aggressive tumors. In response, because cyclin E1 overexpression correlates with patient prognosis in several malignancies, we investigated its expression in chordoma and whether it informs patient prognosis. METHODS Seventy-five chordoma patient specimens were enrolled in a tissue microarray (TMA) to evaluate cyclin E1 expression via immunohistochemical staining. Western blot was used to assess cyclin E1 expression in chordoma cell lines and fresh tissues. We then correlated cyclin E1 staining intensity in the TMA to clinicopathological features and chordoma patient outcomes. RESULTS Sixty-three percent of the chordoma patient specimens in the TMA, fifty-six percent of the fresh chordoma tissues, and all chordoma cell lines showed high cyclin E1 expression. In TMA analysis, cyclin E1 expression positively correlated to chordoma patient disease status. By survival analysis, high cyclin E1 expression was an independent prognostic risk factor for chordoma patients along with advanced disease status and positive surgical margin. CONCLUSION Cyclin E1 is a promising biomarker predicting chordoma patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dylan C. Dean
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pichaya Thanindratarn
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chulabhorn Hospital, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Francis J. Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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17
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Wei R, Thanindratarn P, Dean DC, Hornicek FJ, Guo W, Duan Z. Cyclin E1 is a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in osteosarcoma. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:1952-1964. [PMID: 32162720 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
While amplified expressed cyclin E1 is a well-known tumorigenic factor and prognostic biomarker in several malignancies, its prognostic predictive potential and function in osteosarcoma is poorly understood. Here we reveal discrete expression pattern, correlation to clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis and overall function of cyclin E1 in osteosarcoma. Sixty-nine osteosarcoma patient tumor specimens were enrolled to construct a tissue microarray to evaluate cyclin E1 expression through immunohistochemical staining. Cyclin E1 expression in osteosarcoma cell lines and fresh tissues was assessed by Western blot. Cyclin E1 gene expression was evaluated using RNA sequencing data acquired from the public database. We correlated staining intensity to clinical characteristics. Cyclin E1 small interfering RNA was used to determine the effect of cyclin E1 silencing on osteosarcoma cell proliferation and chemotherapeutic sensitivity. Sixty-one percent of the osteosarcoma patient specimens in the tissue microarray had high cyclin E1 expression. Cyclin E1 gene was significantly highly expressed in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines compared to normal tissues. The expression of cyclin E1 positively correlated with disease status, and inversely correlated to prognosis and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The expression of cyclin E1 was an independent prognostic factor for osteosarcoma patients. In addition, silencing cyclin E1 expression in osteosarcoma cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. We conclude that cyclin E1 is overexpressed in osteosarcoma and is a promising biomarker for prognosis and chemotherapeutic response. We confirm aberrant cyclin E1 expression is a potent therapeutic target in osteosarcoma, and its selective inhibition is a rational treatment strategy for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Pichaya Thanindratarn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chulabhorn hospital, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dylan C Dean
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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18
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Chan AM, Enwere E, McIntyre JB, Wilson H, Nwaroh C, Wiebe N, Ou Y, Liu S, Wiedemeyer K, Rambau PF, Grevers X, Morris DG, Neri P, Gilks CB, Visser F, Le N, Luo L, Cook LS, Köbel M. Combined CCNE1 high-level amplification and overexpression is associated with unfavourable outcome in tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2020; 6:252-262. [PMID: 32391646 PMCID: PMC7578325 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
CCNE1 amplification is a recurrent alteration associated with unfavourable outcome in tubo‐ovarian high‐grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). We aimed to investigate whether immunohistochemistry (IHC) can be used to identify CCNE1 amplification status and to validate whether CCNE1 high‐level amplification and overexpression are prognostic in HGSC. A testing set of 528 HGSC samples stained with two optimised IHC assays (clones EP126 and HE12) was subjected to digital image analysis and visual scoring. DNA and RNA chromogenic in situ hybridisation for CCNE1 were performed. IHC cut‐off was determined by receiver operating characteristics (ROC). Survival analyses (endpoint ovarian cancer specific survival) were performed and validated in an independent validation set of 764 HGSC. Finally, combined amplification/expression status was evaluated in cases with complete data (n = 1114). CCNE1 high‐level amplification was present in 11.2% of patients in the testing set and 10.2% in the combined cohort. The optimal cut‐off for IHC to predict CCNE1 high‐level amplification was 60% positive tumour cells with at least 5% strong staining cells (sensitivity 81.6%, specificity 77.4%). CCNE1 high‐level amplification and overexpression were associated with survival in the testing and validation set. Combined CCNE1 high‐level amplification and overexpression was present in 8.3% of patients, mutually exclusive to germline BRCA1/2 mutation and significantly associated with a higher risk of death in multivariate analysis adjusted for age, stage and cohort (hazard ratio = 1.78, 95 CI% 1.38–2.26, p < 0.0001). CCNE1 high‐level amplification combined with overexpression identifies patients with a sufficiently poor prognosis that treatment alternatives are urgently needed. Given that this combination is mutually exclusive to BRCA1/2 germline mutations, a predictive marker for PARP inhibition, CCNE1 high‐level amplification combined with overexpression may serve as a negative predictive test for sensitivity to PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela My Chan
- Precision Oncology Hub, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Emeka Enwere
- Precision Oncology Hub, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John B McIntyre
- Precision Oncology Hub, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Holly Wilson
- Precision Oncology Hub, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Chidera Nwaroh
- Precision Oncology Hub, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nicholas Wiebe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Center, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Young Ou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Center, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shuhong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Center, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Katharina Wiedemeyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Center, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Peter F Rambau
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Bugando, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Xin Grevers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services-Cancer Control Alberta, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Donald G Morris
- Precision Oncology Hub, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paola Neri
- Precision Oncology Hub, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - C Blake Gilks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Frank Visser
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute Molecular Core Facility, Health Research Innovation Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nhu Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Li Luo
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Linda S Cook
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services-Cancer Control Alberta, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Center, Calgary, AB, Canada
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19
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Tang J, Cui Q, Zhang D, Liao X, Zhu J, Wu G. An estrogen receptor (ER)-related signature in predicting prognosis of ER-positive breast cancer following endocrine treatment. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4980-4990. [PMID: 31124293 PMCID: PMC6652714 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Quite a few estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapy are at risk of disease recurrence and death. ER‐related genes are involved in the progression and chemoresistance of breast cancer. In this study, we identified an ER‐related gene signature that can predict the prognosis of ER‐positive breast cancer patient receiving endocrine therapy. We collected RNA expression profiling from Gene Expression Omnibus database. An ER‐related signature was developed to separate patients into high‐risk and low‐risk groups. Patients in the low‐risk group had significantly better survival than those in the high‐risk group. ROC analysis indicated that this signature exhibited good diagnostic efficiency for the 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year disease‐relapse events. Moreover, multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the ER‐related signature was an independent risk factor when adjusting for several clinical signatures. The prognostic value of this signature was validated in the validation sets. In addition, a nomogram was built and the calibration plots analysis indicated the good performance of this nomogram. In conclusion, combining with ER status, our results demonstrated that the ER‐related prognostic signature is a promising method for predicting the prognosis of ER‐positive breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Tang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuxia Cui
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Liao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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20
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in the United States, and prognosis is generally poor because the disease is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a family of serine/threonine kinases whose activity is regulated by CDK inhibitors (CKIs) and cyclins. Generally, cyclins and CKIs promote and inhibit CDK activation, respectively. Since cancer commonly involves dysregulation of cell cycle, cyclins and CDKs have been targeted in a variety of tumors using small molecules, peptides, immunotherapy, and CKIs. In this review we discuss the significance of cell cycle dysregulation in ovarian cancer as well as recent advances targeting CDKs in ovarian cancer and potential future directions. Although many of the studies assessing CDK-targeting therapies in ovarian cancer are at an early preclinical stage, there is significant evidence that targeting CDKs, particularly in combination with traditional platinum-based drugs, could have significant efficacy in ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, before these agents can be investigated in humans, additional preclinical development is needed, including using in vivo tumor models and additional studies into their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The Affiliate Hospital of Guizhou Medical University , Guizhou , China
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21
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Ayhan A, Kuhn E, Wu RC, Ogawa H, Bahadirli-Talbott A, Mao TL, Sugimura H, Shih IM, Wang TL. CCNE1 copy-number gain and overexpression identify ovarian clear cell carcinoma with a poor prognosis. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:297-303. [PMID: 27767100 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma is a unique type of ovarian cancer, often derived from endometriosis, and advanced-stage disease has a dismal prognosis primarily due to the resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Previous studies have shown frequent somatic mutations in ARID1A, PIK3CA, hTERT promoter, and amplification of ZNF217; however, the molecular alterations that are associated with its aggressiveness remain largely unknown. This study examined and compared cyclin E1 expression in endometriosis-related ovarian tumors, with the aim of determining the relationship between hTERT mutations and ARID1A expression and evaluating the effects of these molecular alterations on patient survival. We performed immunohistochemistry on 207 tumors [clear cell carcinoma (n=120), endometrioid carcinoma (n=49), and seromucinous tumors (n=38)], followed by two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (n=88) and compared with ARID1A expression and hTERT promoter mutations in the same samples. Cyclin E1 overexpression and CCNE1 copy-number gain occurred in 23.3% and 14.8% of ovarian clear cell carcinomas, respectively, but they were not detected in any of the other endometriosis-related tumors. All cases with CCNE1 copy-number gain demonstrated an intense cyclin E1 immunoreactivity (P<0.001). Cyclin E1 overexpression was positively correlated with hTERT promoter mutations (P=0.01), but not with the loss of ARID1A expression. A multivariate analysis revealed that CCNE1 overexpression predicts poor overall survival, even after adjusting for stage and age. Specifically, CCNE1 overexpression and copy-number gain were both correlated with a poor outcome in patients with stage I disease. Moreover, the subset with CCNE1 overexpression and ARID1A retention demonstrated the worst outcome. Our findings suggest that gene copy-number gain and upregulation of CCNE1 occur in ovarian clear cell carcinoma and are associated with a worse clinical outcome, dictating the survival of early-stage patients, and that these molecular alterations are unique to clear cell carcinoma among different types of endometriosis-related ovarian neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Ayhan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Seirei Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Elisabetta Kuhn
- Pathology Unit, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology, Seirei Mikatahara Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | | | - Tsui-Lien Mao
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Haruhiko Sugimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
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22
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CCNE1 amplification and centrosome number abnormality in serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma: further evidence supporting its role as a precursor of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:1254-61. [PMID: 27443516 PMCID: PMC6557162 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aberration in chromosomal structure characterizes almost all cancers and has profound biological significance in tumor development. It can be facilitated by various mechanisms including overexpression of cyclin E1 and centrosome amplification. As ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma has pronounced chromosomal instability, in this study we sought to determine whether increased copy number of CCNE1 which encodes cyclin E1 and centrosome amplification (>2 copies) occurs in its putative precursor, serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma. We found CCNE1 copy number gain/amplification in 8 (22%) of 37 serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas and 12 (28%) of 43 high-grade serous carcinomas. There was a correlation in CCNE1 copy number between serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma and high-grade serous carcinoma in the same patients (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the percentage of CCNE1 gain/amplification between serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma and high-grade serous carcinoma (P=0.61). Centrosome amplification was recorded in only 5 (14%) of 37 serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas, and in 10 (40%) of 25 high-grade serous carcinomas. The percentage of cells with centrosome amplification was higher in high-grade serous carcinoma than in serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (P<0.001). Induced expression of cyclin E1 increased the percentage of fallopian tube epithelial cells showing centrosome amplification. Our findings suggest that gain/amplification of CCNE1 copy number occurs early in tumor progression and precedes centrosome amplification. The more prevalent centrosome amplification in high-grade serous carcinoma than in serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma supports the view that serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma precedes the development of many high-grade serous carcinomas.
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23
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Zhou J, Alfraidi A, Zhang S, Santiago-O'Farrill JM, Yerramreddy Reddy VK, Alsaadi A, Ahmed AA, Yang H, Liu J, Mao W, Wang Y, Takemori H, Vankayalapati H, Lu Z, Bast RC. A Novel Compound ARN-3236 Inhibits Salt-Inducible Kinase 2 and Sensitizes Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines and Xenografts to Paclitaxel. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:1945-1954. [PMID: 27678456 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) is a centrosome kinase required for mitotic spindle formation and a potential target for ovarian cancer therapy. Here, we examine the effects of a novel small-molecule SIK2 inhibitor, ARN-3236, on sensitivity to paclitaxel in ovarian cancer.Experimental Design: SIK2 expression was determined in ovarian cancer tissue samples and cell lines. ARN-3236 was tested for its efficiency to inhibit growth and enhance paclitaxel sensitivity in cultures and xenografts of ovarian cancer cell lines. SIK2 siRNA and ARN-3236 were compared for their ability to produce nuclear-centrosome dissociation, inhibit centrosome splitting, block mitotic progression, induce tetraploidy, trigger apoptotic cell death, and reduce AKT/survivin signaling.Results: SIK2 is overexpressed in approximately 30% of high-grade serous ovarian cancers. ARN-3236 inhibited the growth of 10 ovarian cancer cell lines at an IC50 of 0.8 to 2.6 μmol/L, where the IC50 of ARN-3236 was inversely correlated with endogenous SIK2 expression (Pearson r = -0.642, P = 0.03). ARN-3236 enhanced sensitivity to paclitaxel in 8 of 10 cell lines, as well as in SKOv3ip (P = 0.028) and OVCAR8 xenografts. In at least three cell lines, a synergistic interaction was observed. ARN-3236 uncoupled the centrosome from the nucleus in interphase, blocked centrosome separation in mitosis, caused prometaphase arrest, and induced apoptotic cell death and tetraploidy. ARN-3236 also inhibited AKT phosphorylation and attenuated survivin expression.Conclusions: ARN-3236 is the first orally available inhibitor of SIK2 to be evaluated against ovarian cancer in preclinical models and shows promise in inhibiting ovarian cancer growth and enhancing paclitaxel chemosensitivity. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 1945-54. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhou
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Albandri Alfraidi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Abdulkhaliq Alsaadi
- The Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed A Ahmed
- The Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hailing Yang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Weiqun Mao
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hiroshi Takemori
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Zhen Lu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert C Bast
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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24
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Dual CCNE1/PIK3CA targeting is synergistic in CCNE1-amplified/PIK3CA-mutated uterine serous carcinomas in vitro and in vivo. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:303-11. [PMID: 27351214 PMCID: PMC4973158 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Clinical options for patients harbouring advanced/recurrent uterine serous carcinoma (USC), an aggressive variant of endometrial tumour, are very limited. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data recently demonstrated that cyclin E1 (CCNE1) gene amplification and pik3ca driver mutations are common in USC and may therefore represent ideal therapeutic targets. Methods: Cyclin E1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on 95 USCs. The efficacy of the cyclin-dependent kinase 2/9 inhibitor CYC065 was assessed on multiple primary USC cell lines with or without CCNE1 amplification. Cell-cycle analyses and knockdown experiments were performed to assess CYC065 targeting specificity. Finally, the in vitro and in vivo activity of CYC065, Taselisib (a PIK3CA inhibitor) and their combinations was tested on USC xenografts derived from CCNE1-amplified/pik3ca-mutated USCs. Results: We found that 89.5% of the USCs expressed CCNE1. CYC065 blocked cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and inhibited cell growth specifically in CCNE1-overexpressing USCs. Cyclin E1 knockdown conferred increased resistance to CYC065, whereas CYC065 treatment of xenografts derived from CCNE1-amplified USCs significantly reduced tumour growth. The combination of CYC065 and Taselisib demonstrated synergistic effect in vitro and was significantly more effective than single-agent treatment in decreasing tumour growth in xenografts of CCNE1-amplified/pik3ca-mutated USCs. Conclusions: Dual CCNE1/PIK3CA blockade may represent a novel therapeutic option for USC patients harbouring recurrent CCNE1-amplified/pi3kca-mutated tumours.
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25
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Abstract
CCNE1 gene amplification is present in 15-20% ovary tumor specimens. Here, we showed that Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) was overexpressed in 30% of established ovarian cancer cell lines. We also showed that CCNE1 was stained positive in over 40% of primary ovary tumor specimens regardless of their histological types while CCNE1 staining was either negative or low in normal ovary and benign ovary tumor tissues. However, the status of CCNE1 overexpression was not associated with the tumorigenic potential of ovarian cancer cell lines and also did not correlate with pathological grades of ovary tumor specimens. Subsequent experiments with CCNE1 siRNAs showed that knockdown of CCNE1 reduced cell growth only in cells with inherent CCNE1 overexpression, indicating that these cells may have developed an addiction to CCNE1 for growth/survival. As CCNE1 is a regulatory factor of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2), we investigated the effect of Cdk2 inhibitor on ovary tumorigenecity. Ovarian cancer cells with elevated CCNE1 expression were 40 times more sensitive to Cdk2 inhibitorSNS-032 than those without inherent CCNE1 overexpression. Moreover, SNS-032 greatly prolonged the survival of mice bearing ovary tumors with inherent CCNE1 overexpression. This study suggests that ovary tumors with elevated CCNE1 expression may be staged for Cdk2-targeted therapy.
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26
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Prediction of Optimal Cytoreductive Surgery of Serous Ovarian Cancer With Gene Expression Data. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016; 25:1000-9. [PMID: 26098088 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cytoreductive surgery is the cornerstone of ovarian cancer (OVCA) treatment. Detractors of initial maximal surgical effort argue that aggressive tumor biology will dictate survival, not the surgical effort. We investigated the role of biology in achieving optimal cytoreduction in serous OVCA using microarray gene expression analysis. METHODS For the initial model, we used a gene expression signature from a microarray expression analysis of 124 women with serous OVCA, defining optimal cytoreduction as removal of all disease greater than 1 cm (with 64 women having optimal and 60 suboptimal cytoreduction). We then applied this model to 2 independent data sets: the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study (AOCS; 190 samples) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; 468 samples). We performed a second analysis, defining optimal cytoreduction as removal of all disease to microscopic residual, using data from AOCS to create the gene signature and validating results in TCGA data set. RESULTS Of the 12,718 genes included in the initial analysis, 58 predicted accuracy of cytoreductive surgery 69% of the time (P = 0.005). The performance of this classifier, measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, was 73%. When applied to TCGA and AOCS, accuracy was 56% (P = 0.16) and 62% (P = 0.01), respectively, with performance at 57% and 65%, respectively. In the second analysis, 220 genes predicted accuracy of cytoreductive surgery in the AOCS set 74% of the time, with performance of 73%. When these results were validated in TCGA set, accuracy was 57% (P = 0.31) and performance was at 62%. CONCLUSION Gene expression data, used as a proxy of tumor biology, do not predict accurately nor consistently the ability to perform optimal cytoreductive surgery. Other factors, including surgical effort, may also explain part of the model. Additional studies integrating more biological and clinical data may improve the prediction model.
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Zhang S, Lu Z, Mao W, Ahmed AA, Yang H, Zhou J, Jennings N, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G, Miranda R, Qiao W, Baladandayuthapani V, Li Z, Sood AK, Liu J, Le XF, Bast RC. CDK5 Regulates Paclitaxel Sensitivity in Ovarian Cancer Cells by Modulating AKT Activation, p21Cip1- and p27Kip1-Mediated G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131833. [PMID: 26146988 PMCID: PMC4492679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a cytoplasmic serine/ threonine kinase. Knockdown of CDK5 enhances paclitaxel sensitivity in human ovarian cancer cells. This study explores the mechanisms by which CDK5 regulates paclitaxel sensitivity in human ovarian cancers. Multiple ovarian cancer cell lines and xenografts were treated with CDK5 small interfering RNA (siRNA) with or without paclitaxel to examine the effect on cancer cell viability, cell cycle arrest and tumor growth. CDK5 protein was measured by immunohistochemical staining of an ovarian cancer tissue microarray to correlate CDK5 expression with overall patient survival. Knockdown of CDK5 with siRNAs inhibits activation of AKT which significantly correlates with decreased cell growth and enhanced paclitaxel sensitivity in ovarian cancer cell lines. In addition, CDK5 knockdown alone and in combination with paclitaxel induced G1 cell cycle arrest and caspase 3 dependent apoptotic cell death associated with post-translational upregulation and nuclear translocation of TP53 and p27Kip1 as well as TP53-dependent transcriptional induction of p21Cip1 in wild type TP53 cancer cells. Treatment of HEYA8 and A2780 wild type TP53 xenografts in nu/nu mice with CDK5 siRNA and paclitaxel produced significantly greater growth inhibition than either treatment alone. Increased expression of CDK5 in human ovarian cancers correlates inversely with overall survival. CDK5 modulates paclitaxel sensitivity by regulating AKT activation, the cell cycle and caspase-dependent apoptosis. CDK5 inhibition can potentiate paclitaxel activity in human ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Weiqun Mao
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ahmed A. Ahmed
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hailing Yang
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Jennings
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roberto Miranda
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, Untied States of America
| | - Wei Qiao
- Bioinformatics Computer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Veera Baladandayuthapani
- Bioinformatics Computer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zongfang Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, Untied States of America
| | - Xiao-Feng Le
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RCB); (XFL)
| | - Robert C. Bast
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RCB); (XFL)
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Huff LP, Decristo MJ, Trembath D, Kuan PF, Yim M, Liu J, Cook DR, Miller CR, Der CJ, Cox AD. The Role of Ect2 Nuclear RhoGEF Activity in Ovarian Cancer Cell Transformation. Genes Cancer 2014; 4:460-75. [PMID: 24386507 DOI: 10.1177/1947601913514851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ect2, a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RhoGEF), is atypical among RhoGEFs in its predominantly nuclear localization in interphase cells. One current model suggests that Ect2 mislocalization drives cellular transformation by promoting aberrant activation of cytoplasmic Rho family GTPase substrates. However, in ovarian cancers, where Ect2 is both amplified and overexpressed at the mRNA level, we observed that the protein is highly expressed and predominantly nuclear and that nuclear but not cytoplasmic Ect2 increases with advanced disease. Knockdown of Ect2 in ovarian cancer cell lines impaired their anchorage-independent growth without affecting their growth on plastic. Restoration of Ect2 expression rescued the anchorage-independent growth defect, but not if either the DH catalytic domain or the nuclear localization sequences of Ect2 were mutated. These results suggested a novel mechanism whereby Ect2 could drive transformation in ovarian cancer cells by acting as a RhoGEF specifically within the nucleus. Interestingly, Ect2 had an intrinsically distinct GTPase specificity profile in the nucleus versus the cytoplasm. Nuclear Ect2 bound preferentially to Rac1, while cytoplasmic Ect2 bound to RhoA but not Rac. Consistent with nuclear activation of endogenous Rac, Ect2 overexpression was sufficient to recruit Rac effectors to the nucleus, a process that required a functional Ect2 catalytic domain. Furthermore, expression of active nuclearly targeted Rac1 rescued the defect in transformed growth caused by Ect2 knockdown. Our work suggests a novel mechanism of Ect2-driven transformation, identifies subcellular localization as a regulator of GEF specificity, and implicates activation of nuclear Rac1 in cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren P Huff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Molly J Decristo
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dimitri Trembath
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pei Fen Kuan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Margaret Yim
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Danielle R Cook
- School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C Ryan Miller
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA ; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Channing J Der
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA ; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adrienne D Cox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA ; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA ; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Pils D, Bachmayr-Heyda A, Auer K, Svoboda M, Auner V, Hager G, Obermayr E, Reiner A, Reinthaller A, Speiser P, Braicu I, Sehouli J, Lambrechts S, Vergote I, Mahner S, Berger A, Cacsire Castillo-Tong D, Zeillinger R. Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) as independent positive prognostic factor in advanced stage serous ovarian cancer patients – A study of the OVCAD consortium. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:99-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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30
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Koti M, Gooding RJ, Nuin P, Haslehurst A, Crane C, Weberpals J, Childs T, Bryson P, Dharsee M, Evans K, Feilotter HE, Park PC, Squire JA. Identification of the IGF1/PI3K/NF κB/ERK gene signalling networks associated with chemotherapy resistance and treatment response in high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:549. [PMID: 24237932 PMCID: PMC3840597 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy remains a major impediment in the treatment of serous epithelial ovarian cancer. The objective of this study was to use gene expression profiling to delineate major deregulated pathways and biomarkers associated with the development of intrinsic chemotherapy resistance upon exposure to standard first-line therapy for ovarian cancer. METHODS The study cohort comprised 28 patients divided into two groups based on their varying sensitivity to first-line chemotherapy using progression free survival (PFS) as a surrogate of response. All 28 patients had advanced stage, high-grade serous ovarian cancer, and were treated with standard platinum-based chemotherapy. Twelve patient tumours demonstrating relative resistance to platinum chemotherapy corresponding to shorter PFS (< eight months) were compared to sixteen tumours from platinum-sensitive patients (PFS > eighteen months). Whole transcriptome profiling was performed using an Affymetrix high-resolution microarray platform to permit global comparisons of gene expression profiles between tumours from the resistant group and the sensitive group. RESULTS Microarray data analysis revealed a set of 204 discriminating genes possessing expression levels which could influence differential chemotherapy response between the two groups. Robust statistical testing was then performed which eliminated a dependence on the normalization algorithm employed, producing a restricted list of differentially regulated genes, and which found IGF1 to be the most strongly differentially expressed gene. Pathway analysis, based on the list of 204 genes, revealed enrichment in genes primarily involved in the IGF1/PI3K/NF κB/ERK gene signalling networks. CONCLUSIONS This study has identified pathway specific prognostic biomarkers possibly underlying a differential chemotherapy response in patients undergoing standard platinum-based treatment of serous epithelial ovarian cancer. In addition, our results provide a pathway context for further experimental validations, and the findings are a significant step towards future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Koti
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Robert J Gooding
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Paulo Nuin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Biomarker Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandria Haslehurst
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Colleen Crane
- Department of Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Johanne Weberpals
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy Childs
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Bryson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Moyez Dharsee
- Ontario Cancer Biomarker Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth Evans
- Ontario Cancer Biomarker Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Harriet E Feilotter
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Paul C Park
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Squire
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Departments of Genetics and Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Interleukin-1β promotes ovarian tumorigenesis through a p53/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response in stromal fibroblasts. Neoplasia 2013; 15:409-20. [PMID: 23555186 DOI: 10.1593/neo.121228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has long been considered a disease that mimics an "unhealed wound," with oncogene-induced secretory activation signals from epithelial cancer cells facilitating stromal fibroblast, endothelial, and inflammatory cell participation in tumor progression. However, the underlying mechanisms that orchestrate cooperative interaction between malignant epithelium and the stroma remain largely unknown. Here, we identified interleukin-1β (IL-1β) as a stromal-acting chemokine secreted by ovarian cancer cells, which suppresses p53 protein expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Elevated expression of IL-1β and cognate receptor IL-1R1 in ovarian cancer epithelial cells and CAFs independently predicted reduced overall patient survival, as did repressed nuclear p53 in ovarian CAFs. Knockdown of p53 expression in ovarian fibroblasts significantly enhanced the expression and secretion of chemokines IL-8, growth regulated oncogene-alpha (GRO-α), IL-6, IL-1β, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), significantly increased in vivo mouse xenograft ovarian cancer tumor growth, and was entirely dependent on interaction with, and transcriptional up-regulation of, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65. Our results have uncovered a previously unrecognized circuit whereby epithelial cancer cells use IL-1β as a communication factor instructing stromal fibroblasts through p53 to generate a protumorigenic inflammatory microenvironment. Attenuation of p53 protein expression in stromal fibroblasts generates critical protumorigenic functionality, reminiscent of the role that oncogenic p53 mutations play in cancer cells. These findings implicate CAFs as an important target for blocking inflammation in the tumor microenvironment and reducing tumor growth.
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32
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Zhang J, Chang B, Liu J. CD44 standard form expression is correlated with high-grade and advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma but not prognosis. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1882-9. [PMID: 23664487 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-chain glycoprotein CD44 is a major cell surface receptor for hyaluronan and mediates epithelial cell adhesion by its involvement in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Recently, CD44 has been identified as a biomarker of cancer stem cells in many malignancies including ovarian carcinoma. However, its clinical significance in human ovarian carcinoma has been controversial until recently. The aim of our current study was to clarify the clinical role of CD44 expression in human ovarian carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining of 483 primary ovarian carcinoma and 27 paired primary and recurrent ovarian carcinoma samples for CD44 standard form (CD44s) was performed using tissue microarray. The associations between CD44s expression and clinical factors (histologic types, tumor grade, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, and response to chemotherapy), and overall or disease-free survivals were analyzed. We observed CD44s expression in 38% of the ovarian carcinoma samples. Results of the Fisher exact test suggested that CD44s expression was associated with high-grade carcinoma (P = .013), advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (III-IV; P < .001), age at diagnosis less than 60 years (P = .011), and transitional cell carcinoma (P = .039). However, CD44s expression was not associated with overall survival (P = .529) or disease-free survival (P = .218) by the log-rank test. Moreover, there was no statistical difference in CD44s expression between the primary and recurrent ovarian carcinomas. Our results showed that CD44s expression is not a prognostic predictor in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Borley J, Wilhelm-Benartzi C, Brown R, Ghaem-Maghami S. Does tumour biology determine surgical success in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer? A systematic literature review. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:1069-74. [PMID: 22935582 PMCID: PMC3461167 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecological cancer. Progression-free and overall survival is significantly related to surgical success and residual disease volume. It is unclear whether this survival advantage is due to an intrinsic biological element of the tumour cells which enables successful surgery and improved prognosis, or alternatively the number of tumour sustaining cells remaining irrespective of differences in biology. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed identifying studies that have investigated the association between biomarkers and surgical outcomes. We attempted validation of these results using The Cancer Genome Atlas ovarian cancer data sets. Results: Thirty studies were identified of which sixteen determined protein expression, eight gene expression and one DNA methylation in association with surgical debulking. Individualised linear models adjusting for batch, stage and age identified only expression of the genes MTDH and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) to be significantly associated with debulking surgery (P<0.05, false discovery rate (FDR)<5%), although in the case of IGF1R this was in the opposite direction to previous findings. Conclusion: The majority of studies are limited by design, include heterogeneous samples and lack adjustment for major confounding factors. High quality detailed clinical annotations should be routinely collected in future to more accurately evaluate biomarkers of surgical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Borley
- Epigenetics Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 4th Floor IRDB, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
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Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy despite several decades of progress in diagnosis and treatment. Taking advantage of the robust development of discovery and utility of prognostic biomarkers, clinicians and researchers are developing personalized and targeted treatment strategies. This review encompasses recently discovered biomarkers of ovarian cancer, the utility of published prognostic biomarkers for EOC (especially biomarkers related to angiogenesis and key signaling pathways), and their integration into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Cai X, Wang J, Xin X. CIAPIN1 nuclear accumulation predicts poor clinical outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10:112. [PMID: 22713669 PMCID: PMC3502349 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis. The expression of cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor 1 (CIAPIN1) correlates with the malignant progression of several cancers. However, the relationship between the subcellular localization of CIAPIN1 and clinical characteristics in EOC remains unclear. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect CIAPIN1 expression in 108 EOC tissues. CIAPIN1 expressions in eight fresh EOC tissues were detected by Western blotting. The relationship between CIAPIN1 subcellular expression and patients’ clinicopathological features, including prognosis, was evaluated. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were employed to assess the CIAPIN1 subcellular localization in the EOC cell lines A2780 and HO8910. In addition, all patients were followed up to assess the prognostic value of CIAPIN1 in patients with EOC. Results CIAPIN1 is highly expressed in EOC, but is present at low levels in paired non-cancerous ovarian epithelial tissues. The results of Western blotting were in accordance with the immunohistochemical results. Poor differentiation of the tumors and EOC cell lines correlated with higher levels of CIAPIN1 nuclear expression. CIAPIN1 nuclear expression significantly correlated with the Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage and histological differentiation (P = 0.034 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Moreover, nuclear localization of CIAPIN1 was selected as an unfavorable prognostic factor by both univariate and multivariate analyses ( P < 0.001). However, no significant correlations were observed between cytoplasmic localization of CIAPIN1 and clinicopathological parameters. Conclusions CIAPIN1 might play a crucial role in the differentiation of EOC cells. Elevated expression of nuclear CIAPIN1 negatively correlated with the survival of EOC patients, suggesting that nuclear CIAPIN1 might serve as a prognostic biomarker for EOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Cai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Number 15, Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 370032, China
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Heeran MC, Høgdall CK, Kjaer SK, Christensen L, Blaakaer J, Christensen IJ, Hogdall EVS. Limited prognostic value of tissue protein expression levels of cyclin E in Danish ovarian cancer patients: from the Danish 'MALOVA' ovarian cancer study. APMIS 2012; 120:846-54. [PMID: 22958293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2012.02913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to assess the expression of cyclin E in tumour tissues from 661 patients with epithelial ovarian tumours. The second was to evaluate whether cyclin E tissue expression levels correlate with clinico-pathological parameters and prognosis of the disease. Using tissue arrays (TA), we analysed the cyclin E expression levels in tissues from 168 women with borderline ovarian tumours (BOT) (147 stage I, 4 stage II, 17 stage III) and 493 Ovarian cancer (OC) patients (127 stage I, 45 stage II, 276 stage III, 45 stage IV). Using a 10% cut-off level for cyclin E overexpression, 20% of the BOTs were positive with a higher proportion of serous than mucinous tumours. Sixty-two per cent of the OCs were positive for cyclin E expression with the highest percentage found in clear cell carcinomas. Results based on univariate and multivariate survival analyses with a 10% cut-off value showed that cyclin E had no independent prognostic value. In conclusion, we found cyclin E expression in tumour tissue to be of limited prognostic value to Danish OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mel C Heeran
- Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Gyorffy B, Lánczky A, Szállási Z. Implementing an online tool for genome-wide validation of survival-associated biomarkers in ovarian-cancer using microarray data from 1287 patients. Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19:197-208. [PMID: 22277193 DOI: 10.1530/erc-11-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 669] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The validation of prognostic biomarkers in large independent patient cohorts is a major bottleneck in ovarian cancer research. We implemented an online tool to assess the prognostic value of the expression levels of all microarray-quantified genes in ovarian cancer patients. First, a database was set up using gene expression data and survival information of 1287 ovarian cancer patients downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas (Affymetrix HG-U133A, HG-U133A 2.0, and HG-U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays). After quality control and normalization, only probes present on all three Affymetrix platforms were retained (n=22,277). To analyze the prognostic value of the selected gene, we divided the patients into two groups according to various quantile expressions of the gene. These groups were then compared using progression-free survival (n=1090) or overall survival (n=1287). A Kaplan-Meier survival plot was generated and significance was computed. The tool can be accessed online at www.kmplot.com/ovar. We used this integrative data analysis tool to validate the prognostic power of 37 biomarkers identified in the literature. Of these, CA125 (MUC16; P=3.7×10(-5), hazard ratio (HR)=1.4), CDKN1B (P=5.4×10(-5), HR=1.4), KLK6 (P=0.002, HR=0.79), IFNG (P=0.004, HR=0.81), P16 (P=0.02, HR=0.66), and BIRC5 (P=0.00017, HR=0.75) were associated with survival. The combination of several probe sets can further increase prediction efficiency. In summary, we developed a global online biomarker validation platform that mines all available microarray data to assess the prognostic power of 22,277 genes in 1287 ovarian cancer patients. We specifically used this tool to evaluate the effect of 37 previously published biomarkers on ovarian cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Gyorffy
- Research Laboratory of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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Zhang J, Chang DY, Mercado-Uribe I, Liu J. Sex-determining region Y-box 2 expression predicts poor prognosis in human ovarian carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2012; 43:1405-12. [PMID: 22401770 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sex-determining region Y-box 2 is proposed to be a key transcription factor in embryonic stem cells. The known roles of sex-determining region Y-box 2 in development and cell differentiation suggest that it is relevant to the aberrant growth of tumor cells. Thus, sex-determining region Y-box 2 may play an important role in tumor progression. However, its clinical significance in human ovarian carcinoma has been uncertain until recently. The aim of the present study was to clarify the clinical role of sex-determining region Y-box 2 expression in ovarian carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining of 540 human ovarian carcinoma samples for sex-determining region Y-box 2 was performed using tissue microarray. The associations among sex-determining region Y-box 2 expression and clinical factors (diagnosis, tumor grade, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, and response to chemotherapy), overall survival, and disease-free survival were analyzed. We observed sex-determining region Y-box 2 expression in 15% of the ovarian carcinoma samples. Use of the Fisher exact test suggested that sex-determining region Y-box 2 expression was associated with high-grade carcinoma (P = .009), especially high-grade serous carcinoma (P = .048); International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (II-IV; P = .005); and malignant mixed müllerian tumors (P = .048). Sex-determining region Y-box 2 expression was also associated with decreased disease-free survival durations (P = .035; log-rank test). Our results showed that sex-determining region Y-box 2 expression may be a potential marker related to tumor recurrence, as implicated by its role in cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Zhang J, Guo X, Chang DY, Rosen DG, Mercado-Uribe I, Liu J. CD133 expression associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Mod Pathol 2012; 25:456-64. [PMID: 22080056 PMCID: PMC3855345 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2011.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As a putative marker for cancer stem cells in human malignant tumors, including ovarian cancer, CD133 expression may define a tumor-initiating subpopulation of cells and is associated with the clinical outcome of patients. However, at this time its clinical significance in ovarian cancer remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical role of CD133 expression in human ovarian cancer. Immunohistochemical staining of CD133 expression was performed in 400 ovarian carcinoma samples using tissue microarray. The associations among CD133 expression and clinical factors (diagnosis, tumor grade, cancer stage, and clinical response to chemotherapy), overall survival and disease-free survival time were analyzed. CD133 expression was found in 31% of ovarian carcinoma samples. Fisher's exact test and one-way analysis of variance suggested that CD133 expression was associated with high-grade serous carcinoma (P=0.035), late-stage disease (P<0.001), ascites level (P=0.010), and non-response to chemotherapy (P=0.023). CD133 expression was also associated with shorter overall survival time (P=0.007) and shorter disease-free survival time (P<0.001) by log-rank test. Moreover, CD133 expression was an independent predictor of shorter disease-free survival time in an unconditional logistic regression analysis with multiple covariates (P=0.024). Our results thus show that CD133 expression is a predictor of poor clinical outcome for patients with ovarian cancer, supporting the proposed link between CD133 and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Pathology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Doo Young Chang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Daniel G. Rosen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Imelda Mercado-Uribe
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Overexpression of the β subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin promotes the transformation of human ovarian epithelial cells and ovarian tumorigenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:1385-93. [PMID: 21763678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, however underlying molecular events remain elusive. Expression of human chorionic gonadotropin β subunit (β-hCG) is clinically significant for both trophoblastic and nontrophoblastic cancers; however, whether β-hCG facilitates ovarian epithelial cell tumorigenic potential remains uncharacterized. Immortalized nontumorigenic ovarian epithelial T29 and T80 cells stably overexpressing β-hCG were examined for alterations in cell cycle and apoptotic status by flow cytometry, expression of proteins regulating cell cycle and apoptosis by Western blot, proliferation status by MTT assay, anchorage-independent colony formation, and mouse tumor formation. Immunoreactivity for β-hCG was evaluated using mouse xenografts and on human normal ovarian, fallopian tube, endometrium, and ovarian carcinoma tissues. T29 and T80 cells overexpressing β-hCG demonstrated significantly increased proliferation, anchorage-independent colony formation, prosurvival Bcl-X(L) protein expression, G2-checkpoint progression, elevated cyclins E/D1 and Cdk 2/4/6, and decreased apoptosis. Collectively, these transformational alterations in phenotype facilitated increased xenograft tumorigenesis (P < 0.05). Furthermore, β-hCG immunoreactivity was elevated in malignant ovarian tumors, compared with normal epithelial expression in ovaries, fallopian tube, and endometrium (P < 0.001). Our data indicate that elevated β-hCG transforms ovarian surface epithelial cells, facilitating proliferation, cell cycle progression, and attenuated apoptosis to promote tumorigenesis. Our results further decipher the functional role and molecular mechanism of β-hCG in ovarian carcinoma. β-hCG may contribute to ovarian cancer etiology, which introduces a new therapeutic intervention target for ovarian cancer.
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Stevens EV, Banet N, Onesto C, Plachco A, Alan JK, Nikolaishvili-Feinberg N, Midkiff BR, Kuan PF, Liu J, Miller CR, Vigil D, Graves LM, Der CJ. RhoGDI2 antagonizes ovarian carcinoma growth, invasion and metastasis. Small GTPases 2011; 2:202-210. [PMID: 22145092 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.2.4.17795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies described functional roles for Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2) in bladder, gastric and breast cancers. However, only limited expression and no functional analyses have been done for RhoGDI2 in ovarian cancer. We determined RhoGDI2 protein expression and function in ovarian cancer. First, protein gel blot analysis was performed to determine the expression levels of RhoGDI2 in ovarian cells lines. RhoGDI2 but not RhoGDI1 protein expression levels varied widely in ovarian carcinoma cell lines, with elevated levels seen in Ras-transformed ovarian epithelial cells. Next, immunohistochemistry was performed to detect RhoGDI2 expression in patient samples of ovarian cysts and ovarian cancer with known histological subtype, stage, grade and outcome. RhoGDI2 protein was significantly overexpressed in high-grade compared with low-grade ovarian cancers, correlated with histological subtype, and did not correlate with stage of ovarian cancer nor between carcinomas and benign cysts. Unexpectedly, stable suppression of RhoGDI2 protein expression in HeyA8 ovarian cancer cells increased anchorage-independent growth and Matrigel invasion in vitro and in tail-vein lung colony metastatic growth in vivo. Finally, we found that RhoGDI2 stably-associated preferentially with Rac1 and suppression of RhoGDI2 expression resulted in decreased Rac1 activity and Rac-associated JNK and p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase signaling. RhoGDI2 antagonizes the invasive and metastatic phenotype of HeyA8 ovarian cancer cells. In summary, our results suggest significant cell context differences in RhoGDI2 function in cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen V Stevens
- Department of Pharmacology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC
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Novel mechanism of reduced proliferation in ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells: cytoplasmic sequestration of CDK2 by p27. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 122:641-7. [PMID: 21652059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) carries a poor prognosis because of its insensitivity to chemotherapy. We previously found an association between reduced proliferation of CCC and chemoresistance; here we investigated the mechanism of the reduced proliferation. METHODS We assessed cell cycle function by measuring the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and the protein expression of cyclins, the CDK inhibitors, and p53 in 22 ovarian cancer cell lines and 60 human ovarian cancer specimens. We examined the cellular location of p27, p27 phosphorylated at threonine 157 (p27(Thr157)), and CDK2 protein by confocal microscopy and western blotting. We tested the effect of the inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and small interfering RNA against p27 (si-p27) in two CCC cell lines (RMG-I, SMOV-2). RESULTS CCC cells had lower CDK2 activity and higher p27 expression than serous adenocarcinoma (SA) cells. Low CDK2 activity correlated with high p27 protein expression. p27(Thr157) sequestered CDK2 in the cytoplasm, but PI3K inhibitor or si-p27 maintained CDK2 in the nucleus and restored its activity. In human specimens, CDK2 was mostly in the cytoplasm and was spatially associated with p27; CDK2 activity was lower in the CCC than in the SA specimens. si-p27 enhanced the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin, doxorubicin, and gemcitabine in both RMG-I cells and SMOV-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Reduced CDK2 activity via the cytoplasmic sequestration of CDK2 by p27(Thr157) may contribute to suppression of CCC proliferation. A prospective study is needed to determine whether the cytoplasmic sequestration of CDK2 results in the chemoresistance of CCC.
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Yang F, Guo X, Yang G, Rosen DG, Liu J. AURKA and BRCA2 expression highly correlate with prognosis of endometrioid ovarian carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2011; 24:836-45. [PMID: 21441901 PMCID: PMC3152794 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2011.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aurora kinase A (AURKA), a serine/threonine kinase, has been shown to regulate the cell cycle checkpoint and maintain genomic integrity. AURKA is overexpressed in various carcinomas. Breast cancer 2, early onset (BRCA2) has an important role in maintaining genomic stability and acts as a tumor suppressor. Our recent study suggested that AURKA regulates genomic instability and tumorigenesis through cell cycle dysregulation and suppression of BRCA2 expression. However, the expression of AURKA, BRCA2 and their clinical significance is unknown in endometrioid ovarian cancer. In this study, we determined AURKA and BRCA2 expression in endometrioid ovarian carcinoma and correlated them with clinicopathologic characteristics and patient survival. Immunohistochemical staining was performed in 51 primary endometrioid ovarian carcinoma tumor samples, using tissue microarray. We then analyzed the associations between AURKA and BRCA2 expression and clinical factors (tumor grade, disease stage, surgical type, clinical response, and relapse) and overall and disease-free survival durations. AURKA and BRCA2 expression were found in 48 and 29% of the samples, respectively. The results of Fisher's exact test suggested that AURKA expression was significantly associated with no family history of ovarian cancer (P=0.03) and that BRCA2 expression was associated with early-stage disease (P=0.03), low ascites incidence (P=0.03), younger age (<60) at diagnosis (P=0.03), and low-grade tumors (P<0.01). The nuclear BRCA2 score was negatively correlated with AURKA score (P=0.019, two-tailed Pearson correlation). A log-rank test demonstrated that AURKA expression was associated with shorter overall (P=0.001) and disease-free (P=0.009) survival durations, and that BRCA2 expression was associated with longer overall (P=0.000) and disease-free (P=0.002) durations. Patients with BRCA2-positive and AURKA-negative tumors had higher overall (P=0.001) and disease-free (P=0.001) survival rates than did patients with AURKA-positive and BRCA2-negative tumors. Our results demonstrate that a negative regulatory loop exists between AURKA and BRCA2 expression in the ovarian endometrioid carcinoma. AURKA expression is an unfavorable prognostic factor in patients with endometrioid ovarian cancer and BRCA2 is favorable, combination of these two markers may better predict the prognosis of patients with endometrioid ovarian carcinoma than individual marker alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gong Yang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel G Rosen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Zhang W, Long Y, Zhang J, Wang C. Modulatory effects of EPA and DHA on proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 27:547-50. [PMID: 18060632 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-007-0518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the proliferation, apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990 cells and the expression of cyclin E mRNA, the SW1990 cells were treated with different concentrations of EPA or DHA (20, 40, 60 microg/mL) for 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h respectively. By using MTT method, the inhibitory effects of EPA or DHA on the cell growth were assayed. Real time PCR was used to detect the expression changes of cyclin E mRNA after the SW1990 cells were treated with 40 microg/mL EPA or DHA for different time. Flow cytometry was used to test the changes of apoptostic rate in the SW1990 cells treated with different concentrations of EPA or DHA for 24 h. The results showed that EPA and DHA could inhibit the growth of SW1990 cells in a time-and concentration-dependent manner (P<0.01). EPA or DHA could also significantly inhibit the expression of cyclin E mRNA in a time-dependent manner (P<0.05). EPA or DHA could induce the apoptosis of SW1990 cells in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.01). It was concluded that omega-3 fatty acid could inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990 cells and promote their apoptosis. The down-regulation of the cyclin E expression by omega-3 fatty acid might be one of the mechanisms for its anti-tumor effect on pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Le Page C, Huntsman DG, Provencher DM, Mes-Masson AM. Predictive and prognostic protein biomarkers in epithelial ovarian cancer: recommendation for future studies. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 2:913-54. [PMID: 24281100 PMCID: PMC3835111 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2020913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Due to its lack of symptoms, this disease is diagnosed at an advanced stage when the cancer has already spread to secondary sites. While initial rates of response to first treatment is >80%, the overall survival rate of patients is extremely low, mainly due to development of drug resistance. To date, there are no reliable clinical factors that can properly stratify patients for suitable chemotherapy strategies. Clinical parameters such as disease stage, tumor grade and residual disease, although helpful in the management of patients after their initial surgery to establish the first line of treatment, are not efficient enough. Accordingly, reliable markers that are independent and complementary to clinical parameters are needed for a better management of these patients. For several years, efforts to identify prognostic factors have focused on molecular markers, with a large number having been investigated. This review aims to present a summary of the recent advances in the identification of molecular biomarkers in ovarian cancer patient tissues, as well as an overview of the need and importance of molecular markers for personalized medicine in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Le Page
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR/CHUM), Institut du cancer de Montréal, 1560 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, H2L4M1, QC, Canada; E-Mails: (C.L.P.); (D.M.P.)
| | - David G. Huntsman
- Department of Pathology and Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre of the Prostate Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada; E-Mail: (D.G.H.)
- Translational and Applied Genomics, BC Cancer Agency, Room 3427, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z 4E6, BC, Canada
| | - Diane M. Provencher
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR/CHUM), Institut du cancer de Montréal, 1560 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, H2L4M1, QC, Canada; E-Mails: (C.L.P.); (D.M.P.)
- Département d’Obstétrique et Gynécologie, Clinique de Gynécologie Oncologie, Université de Montréal, 1560 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, H2L4M1, QC, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR/CHUM), Institut du cancer de Montréal, 1560 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, H2L4M1, QC, Canada; E-Mails: (C.L.P.); (D.M.P.)
- Département de Medicine, Université de Montréal, 1560 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, H2L4M1, QC, Canada
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-514-890-8000 ext 25496; Fax: +1-514-412-7703
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Gene amplificationCCNE1is related to poor survival and potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. Cancer 2010; 116:2621-34. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bowen NJ, Walker LD, Matyunina LV, Logani S, Totten KA, Benigno BB, McDonald JF. Gene expression profiling supports the hypothesis that human ovarian surface epithelia are multipotent and capable of serving as ovarian cancer initiating cells. BMC Med Genomics 2009; 2:71. [PMID: 20040092 PMCID: PMC2806370 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-2-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that somatic stem cells undergo mutagenic transformation into cancer initiating cells. The serous subtype of ovarian adenocarcinoma in humans has been hypothesized to arise from at least two possible classes of progenitor cells: the ovarian surface epithelia (OSE) and/or an as yet undefined class of progenitor cells residing in the distal end of the fallopian tube. METHODS Comparative gene expression profiling analyses were carried out on OSE removed from the surface of normal human ovaries and ovarian cancer epithelial cells (CEPI) isolated by laser capture micro-dissection (LCM) from human serous papillary ovarian adenocarcinomas. The results of the gene expression analyses were randomly confirmed in paraffin embedded tissues from ovarian adenocarcinoma of serous subtype and non-neoplastic ovarian tissues using immunohistochemistry. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed using gene ontology, molecular pathway, and gene set enrichment analysis algorithms. RESULTS Consistent with multipotent capacity, genes in pathways previously associated with adult stem cell maintenance are highly expressed in ovarian surface epithelia and are not expressed or expressed at very low levels in serous ovarian adenocarcinoma. Among the over 2000 genes that are significantly differentially expressed, a number of pathways and novel pathway interactions are identified that may contribute to ovarian adenocarcinoma development. CONCLUSIONS Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that human ovarian surface epithelia are multipotent and capable of serving as the origin of ovarian adenocarcinoma. While our findings do not rule out the possibility that ovarian cancers may also arise from other sources, they are inconsistent with claims that ovarian surface epithelia cannot serve as the origin of ovarian cancer initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Bowen
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Nuclear cyclin B1 is overexpressed in low-malignant-potential ovarian tumors but not in epithelial ovarian cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 201:367.e1-6. [PMID: 19608149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of cyclin G1 and cyclin B1 in ovarian tumorigenesis. STUDY DESIGN We examined cyclin B1 and G1 expression in 58 epithelial ovarian cancer, 18 low-malignant-potential ovarian tumors, and 6 normal ovarian epithelium samples using immunohistochemistry. We also examined cyclin G1 and p53 expression in 7 epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines using Western blot analysis. RESULTS Nuclear cyclin B1 expression was significantly higher in low-malignant-potential tumors than in normal ovarian epithelium. There was no difference in nuclear or cytoplasmic cyclin B1 or cyclin G1 expression between epithelial ovarian cancer and normal ovarian epithelium. Cyclin G1 and B1 expression was not associated with p53 expression or clinicopathologic features in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer or low-malignant-potential tumors. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that nuclear cyclin B1 is overexpressed in low-malignant-potential tumors, which may contribute to the development of low-malignant-potential tumors. Cyclin B1 and G1 may not be suitable targets for epithelial ovarian cancer treatment.
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Chang B, Liu G, Xue F, Rosen DG, Xiao L, Wang X, Liu J. ALDH1 expression correlates with favorable prognosis in ovarian cancers. Mod Pathol 2009; 22:817-23. [PMID: 19329942 PMCID: PMC2692456 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2009.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), a detoxifying enzyme responsible for the oxidation of intracellular aldehydes, was shown to have a function in the early differentiation of stem cells, through its function in oxidizing retinol to retinoic acid. It has been shown that ALDH1 is a predictor of poor clinical outcome in breast cancer. The authors hypothesized that the level of ALDH1 expression may be correlated with the clinical outcome of patients with ovarian cancer. Immunohistochemical staining of ALDH1 expression was analyzed in 442 primary ovarian carcinomas using tissue microarray. The associations between the expression of the ALDH1 and clinical factors (diagnosis, tumor grade, stage, and clinical response to chemotherapy), as well as overall and disease-free survival, were analyzed. Expression of ALDH1 was found in 48.9% of the samples. Fisher's exact test suggested that high expression of ALDH1 was significantly associated with endometrioid adenocarcinoma (P<0.0001), early-stage disease (P=0.006), complete response to chemotherapy (P<0.05), and a low serum level of CA125 (P=0.02). High percentage of cells expressing ALDH1 was associated with a longer overall survival time (P=0.01) and disease-free survival time (P=0.006) by log-rank test. In contrast to its function in breast cancer, ALDH1 was a favorable prognostic factor in ovarian carcinoma. ALDH1 therefore may have a different function in ovarian cancer than it does in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chang
- Department of Pathology The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guangzhi Liu
- Department of Pathology The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fenxia Xue
- Department of Pathology The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel G. Rosen
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lianchun Xiao
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Marchini S, Mariani P, Chiorino G, Marrazzo E, Bonomi R, Fruscio R, Clivio L, Garbi A, Torri V, Cinquini M, Dell'Anna T, Apolone G, Broggini M, D'Incalci M. Analysis of gene expression in early-stage ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 14:7850-60. [PMID: 19047114 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gene expression profile was analyzed in 68 stage I and 15 borderline ovarian cancers to determine if different clinical features of stage I ovarian cancer such as histotype, grade, and survival are related to differential gene expression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumors were obtained directly at surgery and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen until analysis. Glass arrays containing 16,000 genes were used in a dual-color assay labeling protocol. RESULTS Unsupervised analysis identified eight major patient partitions, one of which was statistically associated to overall survival, grading, and histotype and another with grading and histotype. Supervised analysis allowed detection of gene profiles clearly associated to histotype or to degree of differentiation. No difference was found between borderline and grade 1 tumors. As to recurrence, a subset of genes able to differentiate relapsers from nonrelapsers was identified. Among these, cyclin E and minichromosome maintenance protein 5 were found particularly relevant, as their expression was inversely correlated to progression-free survival (P = 0.00033 and 0.017, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Specific molecular signatures define different histotypes and prognosis of stage I ovarian cancer. Mucinous and clear cells histotypes can be distinguished from the others regardless of tumor grade. Cyclin E and minichromosome maintenance protein 5, whose expression was found previously to be related to a bad prognosis of advanced ovarian cancer, appear to be potential prognostic markers in stage I ovarian cancer too, independent of other pathologic and clinical variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Marchini
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
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