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Yang Y, Tan L, Hu J, Li Y, Mao Y, Tian Z, Zhang B, Ma J, Li H, Chen C, Chen K, Han Y, Chen L, Liu J, Yu B, Yu Z, Li Z. Safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in esophageal cancer: real-world multicenter retrospective study in China. Dis Esophagus 2022; 35:6596998. [PMID: 35649396 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown a powerful benefit in the neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer, but evidence for its safety and efficacy is limited and may not reflect real-world practice. We retrospectively reviewed the database of treatment-naive patients from 15 esophageal cancer centers in China who received ICIs as neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer from May 2019 to December 2020. The primary endpoints were rate and severity of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Secondary endpoints included pathologically complete response (pCR) rate, R0 resection rate, mortality and morbidity. Among the 370 patients, 311 (84.1%) were male with a median age of 63 (range: 30-81) years and stage III or IVa disease accounted for 84.1% of these patients. A total of 299 (80.8%) patients were treated with ICIs and chemotherapy. TRAEs were observed in 199 (53.8%) patients with low severity (grade 1-2, 39.2%; grade 3-4, 13.2%; grade 5, 1.4%), and irAEs occurred in 24.3% of patients and were mostly of grade 1-2 severity (21.1%). A total of 341 (92.2%) patients had received surgery and R0 resection was achieved in 333 (97.7%) patients. The local pCR rate in primary tumor was 34.6%, including 25.8% of ypT0N0 and 8.8% of ypT0N+. The rate of postoperative complications was 41.4% and grade 3 or higher complications occurred in 35 (10.3%) patients. No death was observed within 30 days after surgery, and three patients (0.9%) died within 90 days postoperatively. This study shows acceptable toxicity of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer in real-world data. Long-term survival results are pending for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yousheng Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ziqiang Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Baihua Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jianqun Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hecheng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Keneng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yongtao Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Longqi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Bentong Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Center, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Liu J, Yang Y, Liu Z, Fu X, Cai X, Li H, Zhu L, Shen Y, Zhang H, Sun Y, Chen H, Yu B, Zhang R, Shao J, Zhang M, Li Z. Multicenter, single-arm, phase II trial of camrelizumab and chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004291. [PMID: 35338088 PMCID: PMC8961177 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Camrelizumab and chemotherapy demonstrated durable antitumor activity with a manageable safety profile as first-line treatment in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of camrelizumab plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy, using pathologically complete response (pCR) as primary endpoint, in the treatment for locally advanced ESCC. Methods Patients with locally advanced but resectable thoracic ESCC, staged as T1b-4a, N2-3 (≥3 stations), and M0 or M1 lymph node metastasis (confined to the supraclavicular lymph nodes) were enrolled. Eligible patients received intravenous camrelizumab (200 mg, day 1) plus nab-paclitaxel (100 mg/m2, day 1, 8, 15) and carboplatin (area under curve of 5 mg/mL/min, day 1) of each 21-days cycle, for two cycles before surgery. The primary endpoint is pCR rate in the per-protocol population. Safety was assessed in the modified intention-to-treat population that was treated with at least one dose of camrelizumab. Results From November 20, 2019 to December 22, 2020, 60 patients were enrolled. 55 (91.7%) patients completed the full two-cycle treatment successfully. 51 patients underwent surgery and R0 resection was achieved in 50 (98.0%) patients. pCR (ypT0N0) was identified in 20 (39.2%) patients and 5 (9.8%) patients had complete response of the primary tumor but residual disease in lymph nodes alone (ypT0N+). 58 patients (96.7%) had any-grade treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), with the most common being leukocytopenia (86.7%). 34 patients (56.7%) had adverse events of grade 3 or worse, and one patient (1.7%) occurred a grade 5 adverse event. There was no in-hospital and postoperative 30-day as well as 90-day mortality. Conclusions The robust antitumor activity of camrelizumab and chemotherapy was confirmed and demonstrated without unexpected safety signals. Our findings established camrelizumab and chemotherapy as a promising neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced ESCC. Trial registration number ChiCTR1900026240.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyue Cai
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxuan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hezhong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bentong Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Renquan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jinchen Shao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Assessment of Re/[99mTc]Tc-cirsiliol as a potential radiotracer to detect melanoma tumor. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ni L, Zhang W, Chen Y, Leng W, Gou H, Hu J, Qiu M. A randomized phase II trial comparing capecitabine with oxaliplatin or docetaxel as first-line treatment in advanced gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25493. [PMID: 33907099 PMCID: PMC8084035 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A combination of fluoropyrimidines and platinum is widely accepted as the standard first-line treatment for advanced gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas. However, the benefit compared with platinum-free chemotherapeutic regimens remains controversial. We compared the efficacy and safety of capecitabine with oxaliplatin or docetaxel, as first-line therapy in advanced gastric cancer. METHODS Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive either capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) (capecitabine 1,000 mg/m2; twice daily for 14 days with oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1, every 21 days), or DX (capecitabine 1,000 mg/m2; twice daily for 14 days with docetaxel 75 mg/m2 on day 1, every 21 days). The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included the disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival, overall survival, and prespecified safety endpoints. RESULTS Ninety patients were enrolled in the West China Hospital from April 2012 to August 2016; a total of 83 and 66 patients were eligible for safety and efficacy analyses, respectively. Between the XELOX and DX groups, ORR (24.2% vs 24.2%, p = 1.000), DCR (90.9% vs 75.8%, p = 0.099), progression-free survival (6.1m vs 4.1m, p = 0.346), and overall survival (8.8m vs 9.0m, p = 0.973) were similar. There was no significant difference in toxicity between the two regimens. The frequent grade 3 or higher toxicities in the XELOX and DX groups were peripheral neuropathy and hematological toxicity, respectively. Toxicity was tolerable; no treatment-related deaths occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS The DX regimen was not superior to XELOX, but instead, similar. The platinum-containing regimen remains the preferred first-line option for advanced gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas, and DX might be considered as an alternative for patients unsuitable for platinum-containing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ni
- Department of Abdominal Oncology
| | - Weihan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Gastric Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Abdominal Oncology
| | | | | | - Jiankun Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Gastric Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology
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Jarmolowicz DP, Gehringer R, Lemley SM, Sofis MJ, Kaplan S, Johnson MA. 5-Fluorouracil impairs attention and dopamine release in rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 362:319-322. [PMID: 30630020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy related cognitive impairment (CTRC; "chemobrain") is a syndrome that is associated with the impairment of various aspects of cognition, including executive function, processing speed, and multitasking. The role of neurotransmitter release in the expression of cognitive impairments is not well known. In this work we employed a newly developed behavioral paradigm to measure attentional shifting, a fundamental component of executive function, in rats treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a commonly used cancer chemotherapy agent. We found that one and two weeks of 5-FU treatment significantly impaired attentional shifting compared to baseline, while saline treatment had no effect. Post-mortem analysis of these rats revealed that 5-FU caused a significant overall decrease in dopamine release as well. Collectively, these results demonstrate the feasibility of our attentional shifting paradigm for evaluating the cognitive effects of chemotherapy treatment. Moreover, these results support the need for additional studies to determine if impaired dopamine release plays a role in chemobrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Jarmolowicz
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside, Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045, United States; Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside, Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045, United States
| | - Rachel Gehringer
- Department of Chemistry, 1140 ISB/CDS1, 1567 Irving Hill Road, room 1140, Lawrence, KS, 66045, United States
| | - Shea M Lemley
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside, Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045, United States
| | - Michael J Sofis
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside, Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045, United States
| | - Sam Kaplan
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside, Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045, United States
| | - Michael A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, 1140 ISB/CDS1, 1567 Irving Hill Road, room 1140, Lawrence, KS, 66045, United States.
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Alrashed AA, El-Kordy EA. Possible Protective Role of Panax Ginseng on Cisplatin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats (Biochemical and Histological Study). J Microsc Ultrastruct 2019; 7:84-90. [PMID: 31293890 PMCID: PMC6585476 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cisplatin is one of the most effective chemotherapy antineoplastic drugs. Panax ginseng is a well-known medicinal herb and has a long history of medicinal use as a tonic to promote health. Aim: This work aimed to study the effect of ginseng on the liver damage induced by cisplatin in rats. It included biochemical and histological investigations. Materials and Methods: Twenty adult rats were divided into four equal groups. Group I served as control. Group II received ginseng orally (100 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Group III animals were injected intraperitoneally with cisplatin in three equal doses (each 3.3 mg/kg) daily for 3 consecutive days. Group IV animals received ginseng together with cisplatin by the same previously mentioned methods and doses. Rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks, and blood samples and liver tissues were collected for biochemical and histological examinations. Results: Cisplatin-induced liver damage manifested biochemically by an increase in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Histologically, hepatocytes appeared with vacuolated cytoplasm and small dark-stained nuclei with dilatation of blood sinusoids as well as marked accumulation of collagen fibers around enlarged portal tracts. Administration of ginseng together with cisplatin improved the hepatic dysfunctions and damage caused by cisplatin. Conclusion: Ginseng has a protective role in the amelioration of cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman Ali El-Kordy
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Adefisayo MA, Adeyemi WJ, Alabi QK. Combined but not single administration of vitamin C and l-carnitine ameliorates cisplatin-induced gastric mucosa damage in male rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:830-838. [PMID: 29677454 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although cisplatin is a potent anticancer drug, it instigates oxidative and pro-inflammatory reactions that pose significant and distressing clinical symptoms. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of vitamin C and (or) l-carnitine on cisplatin-induced gastric mucosa damage in rat. The rats were allocated into 6 groups (n = 5). The control group received distilled water, while the treatment groups received cisplatin alone (CIP), or cisplatin with vitamin C, l-carnitine, or their combination. Cisplatin caused disruption of the gastric mucosa histoarchitecture and altered the mucus barrier function. Moreover, the stomach tissue of the CIP-treated group showed increased levels of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and H2O2) and decreased activities of antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase) and non-antioxidant (reduced glutathione) enzymes. These deleterious events were accompanied with significant increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory infiltration markers, myeloperoxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase. However, the administration of both vitamin C and l-carnitine, and not either of the two showed additive effects in attenuating the adverse effects of cisplatin. The histological results agreed with the biochemical assays. The study concluded that the combined administration of vitamin C and l-carnitine, but not the single therapy, could prevent the adverse effects of cisplatin on gastric tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modinat Adebukola Adefisayo
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo State, Nigeria.,b Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Wale Johnson Adeyemi
- c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Quadri Kunle Alabi
- b Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.,d Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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Ahmed HH, Rady HM, Kotob SE. Evidences for the antitumor potentiality of Hemimycale arabica and Negombata magnifica mesohyls in hepatocellular carcinoma rat model. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Tomasello G, Chiesa MD, Buti S, Brighenti M, Negri F, Rovere RK, Martinotti M, Buononato M, Brunelli A, Lazzarelli S, Donati G, Passalacqua R. Dose-dense Chemotherapy in Metastatic Gastric Cancer with a Modified Docetaxel-Cisplatin-5-Fluorouracil Regimen. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 96:48-53. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161009600108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background Previous studies have reported that in early breast cancer, lymphomas and advanced bladder cancer, dose-dense chemotherapy may be more effective than conventional treatments. In metastatic gastric cancer, chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (TCF) q3w is very active, and, even though there is no international consensus on the subject, it is the regimen of choice of many European centers as first-line chemotherapy in this subset of patients. Based on these studies, we tested for the first time the feasibility and activity of an intensified dose-dense TCF regimen (q2w) modifying the 5-fluorouracil infusion with l-folinic acid/5-fluorouracil according to the “De Gramont regimen”. Methods and study design Patients with histologically confirmed measurable metastatic gastric cancer, ECOG performance status ≤1, and not previously treated for advanced disease received docetaxel, 85 mg/m2 (75 mg/m2 after the first 6 patients, 70 mg/m2 after the 19th patient) on day 1, cisplatin, 75 mg/m2 on day 1 (60 mg/m2 after the 19th patient), l-folinic acid, 100 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2, followed by 5-fluorouracil, 400 mg/m2 bolus on days 1 and 2 and then 600 mg/m2 as a 22-h continuous infusion on days 1 and 2, every 14 days, plus pegfilgrastim, 6 mg on day 3. Patients aged ≥65 years received the same schedule with a dose reduction of 30%. Results Thirty-two consecutive patients were enrolled (63% male, 37% female); median age, 64 years (range, 40–81). A median of 4 cycles (range, 1–7) per patient was administered. Eleven of 32 patients (34%) required a dose reduction, mostly for hematological grade III-IV toxicity and severe asthenia. Twelve patients (38%) completed the first 4 cycles of therapy within 7 weeks, thereby finishing without delay the initially planned dose-density schedule. Twenty-eight patients were evaluated for response (1 early suspension after the first cycle because of toxicity, 3 deaths before response evaluation due to progression of disease). There were 3 complete responses (9%), 15 partial responses (47%), 7 stable disease (22%) and 3 progression of disease (9%), for an overall response rate, by intention to treat, of 56% (95% CI, 39–73). The most frequent grade 3–4 toxicities were: neutropenia (53%), thrombocytopenia (34%), anemia (16%) febrile neutropenia (22%), asthenia (38%) and diarrhea (19%). Median time to progression was 9.1 months (95% CI, 6.0–12.2); median overall survival was 10.1 months (95% CI, 8.8–12.2). Conclusions A dose-dense TCF regimen in metastatic gastric cancer is feasible, with activity comparable to previous results achieved with epirubicin-based chemotherapy and TCF q3wk in terms of overall survival and time to progression, and deserves to be further tested in randomized phase III studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Tomasello
- Medical Oncology Division, Azienda
Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Matteo Dalla Chiesa
- Medical Oncology Division, Azienda
Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Buti
- Medical Oncology Division, Azienda
Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Matteo Brighenti
- Medical Oncology Division, Azienda
Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Federica Negri
- Medical Oncology Division, Azienda
Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Kraft Rovere
- Medical Oncology Division, Azienda
Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Mario Martinotti
- Surgery Division, Azienda Istituti
Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Massimo Buononato
- Surgery Division, Azienda Istituti
Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Antonio Brunelli
- Surgery Division, Azienda Istituti
Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Silvia Lazzarelli
- Medical Oncology Division, Azienda
Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Gianvito Donati
- Medical Oncology Division, Azienda
Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Passalacqua
- Medical Oncology Division, Azienda
Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
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A network meta-analysis of the short-term efficacy of five chemotherapy regimens based on cisplatin and fluorouracil for esophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e383. [PMID: 28960212 PMCID: PMC5628279 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary purpose of this study was to explore the short-term efficacy of different cisplatin and fluorouracil-based chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of patients with esophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma (EGJA) using a network meta-analysis (NMA). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to chemotherapy regimens based on cisplatin and fluorouracil for EGJA were included from the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library electronic databases (from inception to June 2016). Direct and indirect evidence were combined to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) as well as to draw the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curves. This NMA finally enrolled ten eligible RCTs with the following five regimens: cisplatin plus fluorouracil (cisplatin+fluorouracil), cisplatin+fluorouracil-based chemotherapy (cisplatin+fluorouracil+docetaxel/epirubicin/irinotecan), fluorouracil-based chemotherapy (fluorouracil+docetaxel/doxorubicin/methotrexate/irinotecan), cisplatin-based chemotherapy (cisplatin+docetaxel/epirubicin/irinotecan/capecitabine/s-1) and other drug-based chemotherapy (docetaxel/irinotecan/capecitabine). These results revealed that compared with a cisplatin+ fluorouracil-based chemotherapy regimen, the fluorouracil-based chemotherapy regimen had a lower overall response rate (ORR) and partial response (PR) for EGJA patients (ORR: OR=0.43, 95% CI=0.22–0.86; PR: OR=0.46, 95% CI=0.23–0.91). Cluster analyses suggested that the cisplatin+fluorouracil-based chemotherapy regimen had the best short-term efficacy for EGJA in terms of the complete response (CR), PR, ORR, stable disease (SD) and progression disease (PD). Our results indicated that cisplatin+fluorouracil-based chemotherapy regimens may have the best short-term efficacy in the treatment of EGJA.
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Flores O, Santra S, Kaittanis C, Bassiouni R, Khaled AS, Khaled AR, Grimm J, Perez JM. PSMA-Targeted Theranostic Nanocarrier for Prostate Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:2477-2494. [PMID: 28744329 PMCID: PMC5525751 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the use of a theranostic nanocarrier (Folate-HBPE(CT20p)) to deliver a therapeutic peptide to prostate cancer tumors that express PSMA (folate hydrolase 1). The therapeutic peptide (CT20p) targets and inhibits the chaperonin-containing TCP-1 (CCT) protein-folding complex, is selectively cytotoxic to cancer cells, and is non-toxic to normal tissue. With the delivery of CT20p to prostate cancer cells via PSMA, a dual level of cancer specificity is achieved: (1) selective targeting to PSMA-expressing prostate tumors, and (2) specific cytotoxicity to cancer cells with minimal toxicity to normal cells. The PSMA-targeting theranostic nanocarrier can image PSMA-expressing cells and tumors when a near infrared dye is used as cargo. Meanwhile, it can be used to treat PSMA-expressing tumors when a therapeutic, such as the CT20p peptide, is encapsulated within the nanocarrier. Even when these PSMA-targeting nanocarriers are taken up by macrophages, minimal cell death is observed in these cells, in contrast with doxorubicin-based therapeutics that result in significant macrophage death. Incubation of PSMA-expressing prostate cancer cells with the Folate-HBPE(CT20p) nanocarriers induces considerable changes in cell morphology, reduction in the levels of integrin β1, and lower cell adhesion, eventually resulting in cell death. These results are relevant as integrin β1 plays a key role in prostate cancer invasion and metastatic potential. In addition, the use of the developed PSMA-targeting nanocarrier facilitates the selective in vivo delivery of CT20p to PSMA-positive tumor, inducing significant reduction in tumor size.
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Integration of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for abdominal lymph node recurrence in gastric cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 19:1268-1275. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Korkeila EA, Salminen T, Kallio R, Mikkola M, Auvinen P, Pyrhönen S, Ristamäki R. Quality of life with biweekly docetaxel and capecitabine in advanced gastro-oesophageal cancer. Support Care Cancer 2017; 25:2771-2777. [PMID: 28424889 PMCID: PMC5527066 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-017-3689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of biweekly docetaxel with capecitabine as first-line treatment in advanced gastro-oesophageal cancer. Methods Fifty-three patients at median age of 61 years with advanced gastric cancer were included in this prospective, non-randomized, multicentre phase II trial to receive intravenous docetaxel 50 mg/m2 on days 1 and 15, and oral capecitabine 1250 mg/m2 every 12 h, on days 1–7 and 15–21 of each 28-day cycle. QOL was assessed using EORTC QLQ-C30, together with the gastric module (QLQ-STO 22). Results Forty-six patients were evaluable for QOL analyses. No deterioration in global health status was found. Social functioning scores improved, and eating difficulties and pain were alleviated during treatment. The most common grade 3 or 4 toxicity was neutropenia (47%), whereas neutropenic fever was uncommon (6%). The clinical benefit rate was 60%, including complete and partial responses as well as stabilized disease. Median overall survival was 8.8 months (95% CI 5.8–11.9 months), and median time to progression was 6.2 months (95% CI 4.9–7.5 months). Conclusions Biweekly docetaxel with capecitabine is a feasible treatment in AGC, delivered on an outpatient basis, with no need for central venous access device. No deterioration of global health status was reported. In addition, pain and eating difficulties were alleviated during study treatment. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00669370.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Korkeila
- Department of Oncology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11, PB 52, FI-20521, Turku, Finland.
| | - T Salminen
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - R Kallio
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Oulu University and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Mikkola
- Department of Oncology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
| | - P Auvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Pyrhönen
- Department of Oncology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11, PB 52, FI-20521, Turku, Finland
| | - R Ristamäki
- Department of Oncology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11, PB 52, FI-20521, Turku, Finland
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Aktaş SH, Akbulut Yazici HO, Zengin N, Akgün HN, Üstüner Z, Içli F. A new angiogenesis prognostic index with VEGFA, PlGF, and angiopoietin1 predicts survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Turk J Med Sci 2017; 47:399-406. [PMID: 28425270 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1509-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The role of angiogenic factors in gastric cancer is not clear. We aimed to assess the role of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1), and placental growth factor (PlGF) in the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty consecutive patients treated with a modified DCF (docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil) regimen were included in the study. The plasma VEGFA, Ang-1, and PlGF levels of the patients before treatment and following two cycles of chemotherapy were measured and evaluated as prognostic factors. RESULTS Poor performance status and lower Ang-1 levels were correlated with poor overall survival (OS). No significant correlation between VEGFA or PlGF and OS was found. An angiogenesis prognostic index (API) based on the levels of VEGFA, Ang-1, and PlGF was found to be highly correlated with OS. Performance status and API were found as independent prognostic factors for OS. Furthermore, a decrease in VEGFA by 25% from the pretreatment level was also found as a prognostic factor for OS independent of response to DCF regimen. CONCLUSION Our results support the use of the new API including VEGFA, Ang-1, and PlGF levels in patients with advanced gastric cancer as a predictor of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedef Hande Aktaş
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Nurullah Zengin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Numune Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halime Nalan Akgün
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeki Üstüner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Fikri Içli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Phase 2 study of adjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel, capecitabine, and cisplatin in patients with curatively resected stage IIIB-IV gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2017; 20:182-189. [PMID: 26661592 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postoperative chemotherapy with S-1 or capecitabine plus oxaliplatin is a standard treatment for resectable gastric cancer (GC). However, survival outcomes of stage IIIB-IV (M0) GC cases are still poor. We investigated the efficacy and safety of docetaxel, capecitabine, and cisplatin (DXP) in patients with stage IIIB-IV GC. METHODS This was a single-arm phase 2 study that included patients with stage IIIB-IV GC who underwent D2 gastrectomy. Patients received six cycles of docetaxel [60 mg/m2 on day 1 (D1)], capecitabine (1,875 mg/m2/day on D1-14), and cisplatin (60 mg/m2 on D1) every 3 weeks. The primary end-point was recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS A total of 46 GC patients between January 2007 and August 2008 were included. After a median follow-up of 56.1 months (range 52.2-64.1), the median RFS and overall survival (OS) were 26.9 months (95 % CI 7.5-46.4) and 43.9 months (95 % CI 29.2-58.7), respectively. The 5-year RFS and OS rates were 39.1 and 41.3 %, respectively. The most common grade 3/4 toxicities were neutropenia (40 %), anorexia (22 %), and febrile neutropenia (15 %). CONCLUSIONS Adjuvant DXP is feasible and effective for patients with stage IIIB-IV GC. A phase 3 study comparing triplet and doublet regimens for these patients is ongoing.
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16
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Bahleda R, Baker J, Massard C, Gadgeel SM, Rogers JE, Izzedine H, Deutsch E, Garris JL, Khan A, Boelle E, Assadourian S, Soria JC, Ajani JA. Phase I Dose-Escalation and Pharmacokinetic Study of Intravenous Aflibercept in Combination with Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and 5-Fluorouracil in Patients with Advanced Solid Malignancies. Oncology 2015; 90:10-20. [PMID: 26492090 DOI: 10.1159/000440958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase I study (EudraCT No. 2006-001177-25) investigated aflibercept, a vascular endothelial growth factor decoy receptor protein (VEGF Trap), in combination with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received 2, 4, or 6 mg/kg of intravenous aflibercept with docetaxel 75 mg/m2, cisplatin 75 mg/m2, and 5-fluorouracil 750 mg/m2 in 3-week cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary objectives were to evaluate dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) during cycle 1 and to determine the recommended phase II dose. Pharmacokinetics, tolerability, and antitumor activity were also investigated. RESULTS Forty-four patients were enrolled and treated (29 patients in a dose-escalation phase and 15 patients in an expansion cohort). Following three cases of febrile neutropenia in patients receiving aflibercept at 4 mg/kg, the protocol was amended to allow earlier granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support (from day 6) and prophylactic use of ciprofloxacin. Subsequently, there were two DLTs: febrile neutropenia (2 mg/kg) and grade 4 pulmonary embolism (6 mg/kg). An excess of free over VEGF-bound aflibercept was observed at 6 mg/kg. The most frequent grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) were neutropenia (54.5%), lymphopenia (47.7%), and stomatitis (38.6%). AEs associated with VEGF blockade (any grade) included epistaxis (61.4%), dysphonia (40.9%), hypertension (38.6%), and proteinuria (11.4%). There were 15 partial responses, including 9 in patients with gastroesophageal cancers. Thirteen patients had stable disease. CONCLUSION Aflibercept 6 mg/kg administered every 3 weeks in combination with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5- fluorouracil is the recommended dose for further clinical development based on tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastislav Bahleda
- Drug Development Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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17
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von Mehren M, Bookman M, Meropol NJ, Weiner LM, Sherman E, Li J, Knoblauch R, Parekh T, Cohen RB. Phase I study of the safety and pharmacokinetics of trabectedin with docetaxel in patients with advanced malignancies. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 75:1047-55. [PMID: 25791363 PMCID: PMC4978949 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Combination therapy with trabectedin and docetaxel was evaluated in patients with advanced malignancies. METHODS In this open-label phase 1 study, docetaxel (60 or 75 mg/m(2); 1-h intravenous infusion) was given on day 1 of a 21-day cycle in combination with escalating doses of trabectedin (0.4-1.3 mg/m(2) by 3-h intravenous infusion, 1 h after docetaxel) and prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) as primary objective and safety, plasma pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity as secondary objectives were assessed. RESULTS Patients (N = 49) received a median of four cycles of treatment. MTD was 1.3 mg/m(2) trabectedin and 60 mg/m(2) docetaxel for patients with limited and 1.1 mg/m(2) trabectedin and 60 mg/m(2) docetaxel for patients with unlimited prior chemotherapy. Dose-limiting toxicities (during cycle 1) included elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and fatigue in patients with limited prior chemotherapy and elevated ALT and febrile neutropenia in those with unlimited prior chemotherapy. The most common drug-related adverse events were nausea (65 %), fatigue (63 %), and neutropenia (53 %). One patient achieved a complete response. Thirty patients had stable disease, and 11 had stable disease for ≥6 months. Pharmacokinetic results for trabectedin plus docetaxel were similar to those previously reported for the single agents. CONCLUSION In patients with previously treated, advanced malignancies, the combination of therapeutic doses of trabectedin and docetaxel showed clinical activity and was tolerable with prophylactic G-CSF, with no evidence of clinically important drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret von Mehren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA,
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18
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Di Vita M, Cappellani A, Piccolo G, Zanghì A, Cavallaro A, Bertola G, Bolognese A, Facchini G, D'Aniello C, Di Francia R, Cardì F, Berretta M. The role of HIPEC in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer: between lights and shadows. Anticancer Drugs 2015; 26:123-138. [PMID: 25406023 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most dreadful neoplastic diseases and remains the second cause of cancer death worldwide. Patients who develop peritoneal metastasis have a poor prognosis, with a median survival of less than 6 months. Despite being the cause of 60% of deaths from gastric cancer, peritoneal metastasis can still be considered a local disease and a local multidisciplinary approach can improve the prognosis even in this end-stage disease. At present, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is the most widely accepted treatment for peritoneal surface diseases and can be performed in patients with different stages of cancer and with various antitumoral drugs. We performed a systematic review of the current status of HIPEC in the treatment of gastric peritoneal metastasis in an attempt to obtain answers to the questions that still remain: do results differ with these different methods? Does HIPEC exert a significant effect on the intracavitary delivery of drugs? Which patients should be treated and which should not? What can we expect from this approach in terms of survival, morbidity, and mortality? On reviewing the literature, despite the lack of trials comparing the different methods, we found that HIPEC has been shown to be an effective tool whenever a complete or an almost complete resection of the peritoneal implants can be performed. Therefore, it is advisable to refer all at-risk patients to specialized centers to be enrolled in randomized trials to achieve truly reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Di Vita
- aDepartment of Surgery, University of Catania, Catania Departments of bSurgery cMedical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN) dDepartment of Surgery, 'La Sapienza' University Rome, Rome Departments of eUro-Gynecology fHaematology, National Cancer Institute, Fondazione 'G. Pascale', Naples gDivision of Medical Oncology, 'S.G. Moscati' Hospital, Taranto, Italy
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19
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Yonemura Y, Canbay E, Endou Y, Ishibashi H, Mizumoto A, Miura M, Li Y, Liu Y, Takeshita K, Ichinose M, Takao N, Hirano M, Sako S, Tsukiyama G. Peritoneal cancer treatment. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014; 15:623-36. [PMID: 24617975 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2014.879571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the past, peritoneal surface malignancy (PSM) was considered as a final stage of cancer, and patients were offered the best supportive care. Recently, a new therapeutic alternative approach based on the combination of surgery with chemotherapy was developed. In this curative intent, the macroscopic disease was treated with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with perioperative chemotherapy, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy, hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy, extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage and early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy AREAS COVERED This article reviews the mechanisms of the formation of PSM, quantitative estimation of PSM and residual disease, multimodal treatment, value of laparoscopy, prognostic factors and patients' selection for the multimodal therapy. EXPERT OPINION Recent studies show that CRS plus intraperitoneal chemotherapy applications confer prolonged survival in patients with PSM from colorectal, gastric, ovarian, appendiceal mucinous carcinoma and diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. The comprehensive treatment is now justified as state-of-the-art for patients with peritoneal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yonemura
- NPO Organization to Support Peritoneal Surface Malignancy Treatment , Oosaka , Japan
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20
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Xu M, Qiang F, Gao Y, Kang M, Wang M, Tao G, Gong W, Zhu H, Wu D, Zhang Z, Zhao Q. Evaluation of a novel functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs35010275 G>C) in MIR196A2 promoter region as a risk factor of gastric cancer in a Chinese population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:e173. [PMID: 25474430 PMCID: PMC4616385 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested to influence the occurrence and progression of cancer through altering the expression and biological function of miRNAs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the potential functional SNPs in MIR196A2 promoter had effect on the susceptibility to gastric cancer (GC) in a Chinese population.We conducted a 2-stage case-control study (753 cases and 854 controls in testing set; 940 cases and 1061 controls in validation set) to evaluate the association between 2 potential functional SNPs in MIR196A2 promoter (rs12304647 A>C and rs35010275 G>C) and GC risk. The luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay were used to examine the functionality of the important polymorphism.We found that the rs35010275 C allele was significantly associated with the decreased risk of GC (adjusted odds ratio = 0.85, 95% confidence interval = 0.77-0.94) in the combined case-control studies. The miR-196a expression levels in GC tissues were significantly higher than that in corresponding adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.001). Besides, each allele of rs35010275 displayed completely opposite effects to influence the transcription activity of MIR196A2 promoter via recruiting different transcription factors or complexes.The functional rs35010275 G>C polymorphism in MIR196A2 promoter was significantly associated with miR-196a expression and influenced the genetic susceptibility to GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- From the Department of Environmental Genomics (MX, YG, MK, MW, HZ, DW, ZZ), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing; Department of Genetic Toxicology (MX, YG, MK, MW, DW, ZZ), The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing; Core Laboratory of Nantong Tumor Hospital (FQ, HZ), Nantong; Department of General Surgery (GT), Huai-An First People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Huai-an; Department of General Surgery (WG), Yixing Cancer Hospital, Yixing; and Department of General Surgery (QZ), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Gong K, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Shu HB, Li W. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase, receptor interacting protein, and reactive oxygen species regulate shikonin-induced autophagy in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 738:142-52. [PMID: 24886888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Shikonin, a naphthoquinone derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Lithospermum erythrorhizon, shows potential to be a cancer chemotherapeutic agent. Our previous data demonstrate that high doses (about 6 μM) of shikonin induce apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Here, we discovered that a low dose of shikonin (2.5 μM) and a short treatment time (12h) induced autophagy, as evidenced by the upregulation of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)-II, the formation of acidic autophagic vacuoles (AVOs), and the punctate fluorescence pattern of GFP-LC3 protein. Next, we investigated the mechanism and found reactive oxygen species accumulation after shikonin treatment. The reactive oxygen species scavengers NAC and Tiron completely blocked autophagy. We further found activation of ERK by generation of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of RIP pathway, which are at least partially connected to shikonin-induced autophagy. Moreover, experiments in vivo revealed similar results: shikonin caused the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and phospho-ERK and thus induced autophagy in a tumor xenograft model. These findings suggest that shikonin is an inducer of autophagy and may be a promising clinical antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yicheng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Additive effects of EGF and IL-1β regulate tumor cell migration and invasion in gastric adenocarcinoma via activation of ERK1/2. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:291-301. [PMID: 24789460 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth and inflammatory factors are associated with poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma (GA); however, the additive effects of growth and inflammatory factors in GA remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the ability of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and interleukin (IL-1β) to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 in GA cells, and correlated the relationships between their roles with the metastatic potential both in GA cells and GA tissues. The effects of EGF, IL-1β and EGF plus IL-1β in AGS and MKN-45 GA cells were examined using western blotting, Transwell migration and invasion assays, immunocytochemical staining and an activator protein (AP)-1 luciferase reporter gene assay, and was further characterized in GA tissues by immunohistochemistry. The results exhibited that EGF and IL-1β additively activated ERK1/2, increased migration and invasion than either EGF or IL-1β alone in AGS and MKN-45 cells. The mechanisms were involved in upregulating MMP-9 expression through increasing AP-1 transcriptional activity via ERK1/2 pathway; these effects were dose-dependently inhibited by silencing ERK1/2 or using U0126. In vivo data also confirmed that the overexpression of p-ERK1/2 in GA tissues correlated well with the EGF, IL-1β, EGF plus IL-1β, and was associated with metastasis, which was well correlation with the expression of MMP-9 and c-fos (AP-1). The results demonstrate that growth and inflammatory factors play an important role in metastasis of GA by additively activating ERK-1/2 and AP-1, and upregulating MMP-9. As both cytokines contribute to the migration and invasion of GA cells, EGF/IL-1β/ERK1/2 pathways may be key pathways closely associated with GA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagruti Shah
- Core Medical Trainee Cambridge University Health Partners, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge
| | - Sarah J Welsh
- Academic Clinical Lecturer in Medical Oncology in the Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Health Partners, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge
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Yu L, Yang L, An W, Su X. Anticancer Bioactive Peptide-3 Inhibits Human Gastric Cancer Growth by Suppressing Gastric Cancer Stem Cells. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:697-711. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yu
- Department of Cell Biology; Capital Medical University; No. 10 You An Men Wai Street Fengtai District Beijing 100069 China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital; Inner Mongolia Medical University; No. 1 Tongdao North Street Huimin District Hohhot 010050 China
| | - Wei An
- Department of Cell Biology; Capital Medical University; No. 10 You An Men Wai Street Fengtai District Beijing 100069 China
| | - Xiulan Su
- Department of Cell Biology; Capital Medical University; No. 10 You An Men Wai Street Fengtai District Beijing 100069 China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital; Inner Mongolia Medical University; No. 1 Tongdao North Street Huimin District Hohhot 010050 China
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25
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Magge D, Zenati M, Mavanur A, Winer J, Ramalingam L, Jones H, Zureikat A, Holtzman M, Lee K, Ahrendt S, Pingpank J, Zeh HJ, Bartlett DL, Choudry HA. Aggressive locoregional surgical therapy for gastric peritoneal carcinomatosis. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 21:1448-55. [PMID: 24197761 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer (GPC) responds poorly to systemic chemotherapy. Limited published data demonstrate improved outcomes after aggressive locoregional therapies. We assessed the efficacy of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) in GPC. METHODS We prospectively analyzed 23 patients with GPC undergoing CRS/HIPEC between 2001 and 2010. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox regression models identified prognostic factors affecting oncologic outcomes. RESULTS CRS/HIPEC was performed for synchronous GPC in 20 patients and metachronous GPC in 3 patients. Adequate CRS was achieved in 22 patients (CC-0 = 17; CC-1 = 5) and median peritoneal cancer index was 10.5. Most patients received preoperative chemotherapy (83 %) and total gastrectomy (78 %). Pathology revealed diffuse histology (65 %), signet cells (65 %) and LN involvement (64 %). Major postoperative morbidity occurred in 12 patients, with 1 in-hospital mortality at postoperative day 66. With median follow-up of 52 months, median overall survival (OS) was 9.5 months (95 % confidence interval 4.7-17.3), with 1- and 3- year OS rates of 50 and 18 %. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.8 months (95 % confidence interval 3.9-14.6). In a multivariate Cox regression model, male gender [hazard ratio (HR) 6.3], LN involvement (HR 1.2), residual tumor nodules (HR 2.4), and >2 anastomoses (HR 2.8) were joint significant predictors of poor OS (χ (2) = 18.2, p = 0.001), while signet cells (HR 8.9), anastomoses >2 (HR 5.5), and male gender (HR 2.4) were joint significant predictors of poor progression (χ (2) = 16.3, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Aggressive CRS/HIPEC for GPC may confer a survival benefit in select patients with limited lymph node involvement and completely resectable disease requiring less extensive visceral resections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Magge
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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26
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Blom RLGM, Sosef MN, Nap M, Lammering G, van den Berkmortel F, Hulshof MCCM, Meijer SL, Wilmink HW, van Berge Henegouwen MI. Comparison of two neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy regimens in patients with potentially curable esophageal carcinoma. Dis Esophagus 2013; 27:380-7. [PMID: 24006852 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in esophageal cancer (EC) patients has led to improved survival rates. Worldwide, different CRT regimens are applied. It is unknown how these regimens relate to each other regarding efficacy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the preferred regimen regarding toxicity of, response to CRT, and long-term survival after esophagectomy in EC patients. EC patients in two centers who underwent CRT with different regimens prior to surgery were included in this study. CRT consisted of 50.4Gy combined with two cycles of cisplatin and 5-FU(center A), or 41.4Gy combined with five cycles of carboplatin and paclitaxel (center B). Toxicity, response to therapy and long-term survival were compared between groups. One hundred sisty-five patients were included. Forty-one percent of patients in center A developed ≥1 toxicity ≥ grade 3 versus 25% in center B (P = 0.025). CRT with a cisplatin-based regimen was an independent predictor for development of toxicity ≥ grade 3 (P = 0.043). There were no differences in response between both regimens (P = 0.904). Three-year survival was 61% (A) versus 57% (B) (P = 0.725). The carboplatin/paclitaxel/41.4Gy regimen causes less toxicity compared to the cisplatin/5-FU/50.4Gy regimen with nonsignificant differences in response rates and long-term survival; therefore our results support this regimen to be the preferred regimen for EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L G M Blom
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
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Unek IT, Akman T, Oztop I, Unal OU, Salman T, Yilmaz U. Bimonthly regimen of high-dose leucovorin, infusional 5-fluorouracil, docetaxel, and cisplatin (modified DCF) in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. Gastric Cancer 2013; 16:428-34. [PMID: 23086560 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-012-0206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) is an effective but highly toxic regimen for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. To improve tolerability while maintaining the efficacy of the DCF regimen, we developed a modified DCF regimen including an infusional 5-fluorouracil administration according to the de Gramont regimen. METHODS In this study, 70 patients with advanced gastric cancer were treated. Each 2-week cycle consisted of docetaxel (60 mg/m(2)), cisplatin (50 mg/m(2)), a 5-fluorouracil (400 mg/m(2)) i.v. bolus, and 5-fluorouracil (2,400 mg/m(2)) i.v. over 46 h plus leucovorin (400 mg/m(2)) i.v. over 2 h. RESULTS The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 9.0 months (95% CI, 7.1-10.9) and 10.8 months (95% CI, 7.4-14.2), respectively; the 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates were 46.3 and 18.4%, respectively. Twenty-nine (41.4%) partial responses, 19 (27.1%) stable disease, and 22 (31.4%) progression of disease were observed. Grade 3-4 toxicities included neutropenia (37.1%), febrile neutropenia (15.7%), thrombocytopenia (10.0%), anemia (8.6%), nausea and vomiting (10.0%), stomatitis (5.7%), infection (8.6%), and diarrhea (2.9%). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that a de Gramont-based DCF regimen may have tolerable toxicities and be an effective and convenient palliative treatment for advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay Tugba Unek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
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Kanat O, O'Neil BH. Metastatic gastric cancer treatment: a little slow but worthy progress. Med Oncol 2013; 30:464. [PMID: 23335104 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic gastric cancer is incurable and remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths around the world. Despite the significant progress in its systemic treatment, metastatic gastric cancer is still a major therapeutic challenge for oncologists. Newer chemotherapy regimens and the addition of molecularly targeted agents to chemotherapy seem to provide better clinical outcomes for patients with metastatic gastric cancer. The objective of this article is to review the current treatment approach for this formidable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Kanat
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
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Yoshihama Y, Izumisawa Y, Akimoto K, Satoh Y, Mizushima T, Satoh K, Chida K, Takagawa R, Akiyama H, Ichikawa Y, Kunisaki C, Inayama Y, Endo I, Nagashima Y, Ohno S. High expression of KIBRA in low atypical protein kinase C-expressing gastric cancer correlates with lymphatic invasion and poor prognosis. Cancer Sci 2012; 104:259-65. [PMID: 23163744 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of atypical protein kinase Cλ/ι (aPKCλ/ι), a regulator of cell polarity, is frequently associated with the poor prognoses of several cancers, including gastric cancer. Recent studies revealed a molecular link between aPKC and KIBRA, an upstream regulator of tumor suppressor Hippo pathway that regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis. Further, KIBRA directly inhibits the kinase activity of aPKC to regulate epithelial cell polarity. These observations suggest that the KIBRA-aPKC connection plays a role in cancer progression; however, clinical significance of the correlation between these factors remains unclear. Here we examined the correlation between KIBRA/aPKCλ/ι expression, as detected by immunohistochemistry, and clinicopathological outcomes in 164 gastric cancer patients using Fisher's exact test and Kaplan-Meier log-rank test. We found an intimate correlation between the expression level of KIBRA and aPKCλ/ι (P = 0.012). Furthermore, high expression of KIBRA is correlated with lymphatic (P = 0.046) and venous invasion (P = 0.039). The expression level of KIBRA by itself did not correlate with the prognosis; however, high expression of KIBRA in low aPKCλ/ι-expressing gastric cancer correlated with disease-specific (P = 0.037) and relapse-free survival (P = 0.041) by Kaplan-Meier with log-rank test and higher lymphatic invasion cases by Fisher's exact test (P = 0.042). Furthermore, overexpression of the aPKC-binding region of KIBRA disrupted tight junctions in epithelial cells. These results suggest that high expression of KIBRA in low aPKC-expressing cells causes massive loss of aPKC activity, leading to loss of polarity and invasiveness of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Yoshihama
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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Zhao C, Dai C, Chen X. Whole-body hyperthermia combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the treatment of stage IV advanced gastric cancer. Int J Hyperthermia 2012; 28:735-41. [PMID: 23113543 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2012.734894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently known as a metastatic disease, stage IV gastric cancer cannot be cured by surgery, but treatments are recommended to relieve symptoms such as pain and to prolong survival. METHODS With better access to metastases and certain large or inoperable tumours, we applied two treatment sessions of combined therapy of whole-body hyperthermia and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemo-perfusion in the treatment group, while patients in the control group were treated with oxaliplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy or Xeloda. We used the RECIST criteria for outcome evaluation. RESULTS With the combined treatment, we found the complete and partial remission rate of patients to be 61.5%, and the rate of stable disease was 19.2%. Symptoms such as pain and a large volume of ascites were alleviated, and the quality of life was correspondingly improved. In addition, the combined treatment had a significant therapeutic benefit against the primary tumour and the metastases to the lymph nodes and liver. Survival time was also significantly prolonged (the 1-year survival rate was 38.5% compared to the control group rate of 19%). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that whole-body hyperthermia combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is an effective treatment for patients with advanced gastric malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Huangpu Road West 601, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Bimonthly regimen of high-dose leucovorin, infusional 5-fluorouracil, docetaxel, and cisplatin (modified DCF) in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. Gastric Cancer 2012. [PMID: 23086560 DOI: 10.1007/s.10120-012-0206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) is an effective but highly toxic regimen for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. To improve tolerability while maintaining the efficacy of the DCF regimen, we developed a modified DCF regimen including an infusional 5-fluorouracil administration according to the de Gramont regimen. METHODS In this study, 70 patients with advanced gastric cancer were treated. Each 2-week cycle consisted of docetaxel (60 mg/m(2)), cisplatin (50 mg/m(2)), a 5-fluorouracil (400 mg/m(2)) i.v. bolus, and 5-fluorouracil (2,400 mg/m(2)) i.v. over 46 h plus leucovorin (400 mg/m(2)) i.v. over 2 h. RESULTS The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 9.0 months (95% CI, 7.1-10.9) and 10.8 months (95% CI, 7.4-14.2), respectively; the 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates were 46.3 and 18.4%, respectively. Twenty-nine (41.4%) partial responses, 19 (27.1%) stable disease, and 22 (31.4%) progression of disease were observed. Grade 3-4 toxicities included neutropenia (37.1%), febrile neutropenia (15.7%), thrombocytopenia (10.0%), anemia (8.6%), nausea and vomiting (10.0%), stomatitis (5.7%), infection (8.6%), and diarrhea (2.9%). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that a de Gramont-based DCF regimen may have tolerable toxicities and be an effective and convenient palliative treatment for advanced gastric cancer.
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The association of statins and taxanes: an efficient combination trigger of cancer cell apoptosis. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:685-92. [PMID: 22294184 PMCID: PMC3322964 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer cell killing might be achieved by the combined use of available drugs. Statins are major anti-hypercholesterolemia drugs, which also trigger apoptosis of many cancer cell types, while docetaxel is a potent microtubule-stabilising agent. Methods: Here, we looked at the combined effects of lovastatin and docetaxel in cancer cells. Results: Whole transcriptome microarrays in HGT-1 gastric cancer cells demonstrated that lovastatin strongly suppressed expression of genes involved in cell division, while docetaxel had very little transcriptional effects. Both drugs triggered apoptosis, and their combination was more than additive. A marked rise in the cell-cycle inhibitor p21, together with reduction of aurora kinases A and B, cyclins B1 and D1 proteins was induced by lovastatin alone or in combination with docetaxel. The drug treatments induced the proteolytic cleavage of procaspase-3, a drop of the anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 protein, Poly-ADP-Ribose Polymerase and Bax. Strikingly, docetaxel-resistant HGT-1 cell derivatives overexpressing the MDR-1 gene were much more sensitive to lovastatin than docetaxel-sensitive cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that the association of lovastatin and docetaxel, or lovastatin alone, shows promise as plausible anticancer strategies, either as a direct therapeutic approach or following acquired P-glycoprotein-dependent resistance.
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A multiple-center phase II study of weekly docetaxel and oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2012; 15:49-55. [PMID: 21655995 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-011-0060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docetaxel and oxaliplatin are active agents for advanced gastric cancer (GC). The combination of these two drugs in a triweekly schedule is an active and attractive regimen for gastric cancer but with significant hematological toxicities. A multicenter phase II study was designed to establish an active regimen with good tolerability by using a weekly docetaxel-oxaliplatin (DO) combination in GC patients. METHODS Eligible patients had histologically confirmed stage IV gastric cancer without previous palliative chemotherapy; age ≥18 years; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≤2; at least one measurable lesion; and adequate hematological, renal, and liver functions. All patients received premedications with dexamethasone and 5-HT3 antagonist before the chemotherapy. Docetaxel (Taxotere®; Sanofi-Aventis) 30 mg/m(2) followed by oxaliplatin (Eloxatin®; Sanofi-Aventis) 65 mg/m(2) were administered on days 1 and 8 of each 21-day cycle. Treatment continued until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, or consent withdrawal. Toxicities were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC) version 3.0. Tumor responses were evaluated every 2 cycles by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Guidelines. RESULTS From May 2007 to December 2008, a total of 47 patients were enrolled. There were 8 females and 39 males with a median age of 57 years (range 26-76). Forty-three patients were evaluable for response. Two patients obtained a complete response (4.7%) and 12 patients had a partial response (27.9%), with an overall response rate of 32.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 19.1-48.5); 20 patients experienced stable disease (46.5%), and the disease progressed in 9 patients (20.9%). Median time to disease progression was 4.2 months and median overall survival was 8.3 months. All 47 patients were assessable for toxicity. Major grade 3/4 hematological toxicities were anemia (5 patients, 10.6%), neutropenia (2 patients, 4.3%), and leukopenia (1 patient, 2.1%). The most common grade 3/4 non-hematological toxicities were fatigue (3 patients, 6.4%) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation in 3 patients (6.4%). CONCLUSIONS The combination of weekly DO demonstrated a well-tolerated profile with moderate activity in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Further studies of the combination together with a fluoropyrimidine are warranted.
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Satoh T, Omuro Y, Sasaki Y, Hamamoto Y, Boku N, Tamura T, Ohtsu A. Pharmacokinetic analysis of capecitabine and cisplatin in combination with trastuzumab in Japanese patients with advanced HER2-positive gastric cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 69:949-55. [PMID: 22116464 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of capecitabine and cisplatin, administered in combination with or without trastuzumab, in Japanese patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer (AGC). METHODS Patients eligible for this PK study (study JP19959), which was carried out during treatment Cycle 1 of the ToGA study, received either capecitabine and cisplatin (XP arm) or trastuzumab plus capecitabine and cisplatin (HXP arm). All patients received capecitabine (1,000 mg/m(2) orally, twice daily for 14 days) and cisplatin (80 mg/m(2) intravenous infusion on Day 1). Patients in the HXP arm also received trastuzumab (8 mg/kg intravenous infusion on Day 1), concurrently with capecitabine. No further study medication was administered during study JP19959. Serial plasma samples for PK analysis were obtained at intervals before and after the administration of capecitabine and cisplatin on Day 1. RESULTS Twenty-two patients were enrolled in this PK study: eight in the HXP arm and 14 in the XP arm. All blood samples were available for PK analysis. Co-administration of trastuzumab resulted in no statistically or clinically significant changes in the PK profiles of capecitabine or its metabolites, or of cisplatin (total or unbound platinum). CONCLUSIONS Variability in the AUC(last) and C (max) values for the capecitabine was consistent with the known PK profile of capecitabine and fell within established limits. Concurrent trastuzumab therapy is unlikely to alter the PK or safety profile of capecitabine or cisplatin in Japanese patients with HER2-positive AGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taroh Satoh
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Abdelmeguid NE, Chmaisse HN, Abou Zeinab NS. Silymarin ameliorates cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: histopathological and ultrastructural studies. Pak J Biol Sci 2011; 13:463-79. [PMID: 21848071 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2010.463.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The benefit of silymarin, a plant extract with strong antioxidant activity against hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin in rats was investigated in this study. Cisplatin is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs, yet it alone does not achieve a satisfactory therapeutic outcome and at high doses it can produce undesirable side effects. Five equal-sized groups (18 rats each) of male Sprague Dawley rats [control, vehicle; cisplatin; silymarin 2 h after cisplatin injection; and silymarin 2 h before cisplatin injection] were used. Histopathological and ultrastructural observation of livers were carried out using light and electron microscopy. Results documented that cisplatin produced behavioral, external features animal changes, as well as hazard pathological picture changes in liver where most hepatocytes appeared diminutive with vacuolated cytoplasm, sinusoids dilated and organelle disorganized. These results revealed that cisplatin may be toxic and terminates in complex liver damage. Administrations of silymarin 2 h after cisplatin, significantly increase the body weight returning it to normal, yet it failed in complete protection against the pathological alteration caused by cisplatin. Pretreatment with silymarin 2 h before cisplatin significantly decreased the pathological changes induced by cisplatin and appeared highly protective. These results suggested that silymarin possess protective effects against cisplatin hepatotoxic action in animal models. Since, no significant toxicity of silymarin is reported in human studies, this plant extract can be used as a dietary supplement by patients taking anticancerous medications and might serve as a novel combination agent with cisplatin since it plays a significant role in reducing its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Abdelmeguid
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Moharram Bey, Alexandria 2151, Egypt
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36
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Takagawa R, Kunisaki C, Makino H, Nagano Y, Fujii S, Kimura J, Kosaka T, Ono H, Akiyama H, Endo I. Second-Line Docetaxel Plus Cisplatin for Advanced Gastric Cancer Showing Resistance to S-1. J Chemother 2011; 23:44-8. [DOI: 10.1179/joc.2011.23.1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Saloustros E, Tryfonidis K, Georgoulias V. Prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2011; 12:851-63. [PMID: 21254862 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2011.541155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neutropenia poses a serious threat to patients on chemotherapy. It exposes them to the risk of infection--including potentially fatal infections--and also leads to delays in treatment and reductions in dose intensity, which can compromise the possibility of a favorable outcome. AREAS COVERED The use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF) and antibiotics to prevent febrile neutropenia (FN) and to ameliorate cancer chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression is discussed, based on a systematic search of Pubmed for clinical trials, reviews and meta-analysis published in the last 20 years. We consider that the treatment of FN, with the emphasis on careful attention to the patient, prompts antibiotic therapy and good hospital care. EXPERT OPINION We would argue that antibiotic prophylaxis should be offered routinely to patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy for acute leukemia and for patients with solid tumors and lymphoma receiving high-dose chemotherapy. In patients undergoing cyclical standard-dose myelosuppressive chemotherapy, we believe that prophylaxis is indicated during the first cycle of chemotherapy in which there is an expectation of grade 4 neutropenia (< 500 neutrophils). However, although the use of antibiotics and haematopoietic growth factors may improve quality of life by reducing the risk and consequences of FN, further study of the magnitude of their effects is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Saloustros
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Sun Z, Xu HM. Stage and microscopic positive margins in the treatment of patients with gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17:943-5. [PMID: 20039214 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-009-0873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Aapro M, Crawford J, Kamioner D. Prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia with granulocyte colony-stimulating factors: where are we now? Support Care Cancer 2010; 18:529-41. [PMID: 20191292 PMCID: PMC2846279 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-010-0816-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Updated international guidelines published in 2006 have broadened the scope for the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in supporting delivery of myelosuppressive chemotherapy. G-CSF prophylaxis is now recommended when the overall risk of febrile neutropenia (FN) due to regimen and individual patient factors is >or=20%, for supporting dose-dense and dose-intense chemotherapy and to help maintain dose density where dose reductions have been shown to compromise outcomes. Indeed, there is now a large body of evidence for the efficacy of G-CSFs in supporting dose-dense chemotherapy. Predictive tools that can help target those patients who are most at risk of FN are now becoming available. Recent analyses have shown that, by reducing the risk of FN and chemotherapy dose delays and reductions, G-CSF prophylaxis can potentially enhance survival benefits in patients receiving chemotherapy in curative settings. Accumulating data from 'real-world' clinical practice settings indicate that patients often receive abbreviated courses of daily G-CSF and consequently obtain a reduced level of FN protection. A single dose of PEGylated G-CSF (pegfilgrastim) may provide a more effective, as well as a more convenient, alternative to daily G-CSF. Prospective studies are needed to validate the importance of delivering the full dose intensity of standard chemotherapy regimens, with G-CSF support where appropriate, across a range of settings. These studies should also incorporate prospective evaluation of risk stratification for neutropenia and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Aapro
- IMO Clinique de Genolier, 1272 Genolier, Switzerland.
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Identification of genes related to a synergistic effect of taxane and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid combination treatment in gastric cancer cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 136:1901-13. [PMID: 20217129 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the cytotoxic effects of combining suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, with taxanes in human gastric cancer cell lines and assessed the pre-treatment difference of gene expression to identify genes that could potentially mediate the cytotoxic response. METHODS Gastric cancer cell lines were treated with SAHA and paclitaxel or docetaxel, and the synergistic interaction between the drugs was evaluated in vitro using the combination index (CI) method. We performed significance analysis of microarray (SAM) to identify chemosensitivity-related genes in gastric cancer cell lines that were concomitantly treated with SAHA and taxane. We generated a correlation matrix between gene expression and CI values to identify genes whose expression correlated with a combined effect of taxanes and SAHA. RESULTS Combination treatment with taxane and SAHA had a synergistic cytotoxic effect against taxane-resistant gastric cancer cells. We identified 49 chemosensitivity-related genes via SAM analysis. Among them, nine common genes (SLIT2, REEP2, EFEMP2, CDC42SE1, FSD1, POU1F1, ZNF79, ETNK1, and DOCK5) were extracted from the subsequent correlation matrix analysis. CONCLUSIONS The combination of taxane and SAHA could be efficacious for the treatment of gastric cancer. The genes that were related to the synergistic response to taxane and SAHA could serve as surrogate biomarkers to predict the therapeutic response in gastric cancer patients.
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Yonemura Y, Elnemr A, Endou Y, Hirano M, Mizumoto A, Takao N, Ichinose M, Miura M, Li Y. Multidisciplinary therapy for treatment of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2010. [PMID: 21160926 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v2.i2.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no standard treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from gastric cancer. A novel multidisciplinary treatment combining bidirectional chemotherapy [neoadjuvant intraperitoneal-systemic chemotherapy protocol (NIPS)], peritonectomy, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) and early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been developed. In this article, we assess the indications, safety and efficacy of this treatment, review the relevant studies and introduce our experiences. The aims of NIPS are stage reduction, the eradication of peritoneal free cancer cells, and an increased incidence of complete cytoreduction (CC-0) for PC. A complete response after NIPS was obtained in 15 (50%) out of 30 patients with PC. Thus, a significantly high incidence of CC-0 can be obtained in patients with a peritoneal cancer index (PCI) ≤ 6. Using a multivariate analysis to examine the survival benefit, CC-0 and NIPS are identified as significant indicators of a good outcome. However, the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with peritonectomy and perioperative chemotherapy make stringent patient selection important. The best indications for multidisciplinary therapy are localized PC (PCI ≤ 6) from resectable gastric cancer that can be completely removed during a peritonectomy. NIPS and complete cytoreduction are essential treatment modalities for improving the survival of patients with PC from gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yonemura
- Yutaka Yonemura, Ayman Elnemr, NPO Organization to Support Peritoneal Dissemination Treatment, Kishiwada, Osaka 596-0032, Japan
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Yonemura Y, Elnemr A, Endou Y, Hirano M, Mizumoto A, Takao N, Ichinose M, Miura M, Li Y. Multidisciplinary therapy for treatment of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2010; 2:85-97. [PMID: 21160926 PMCID: PMC2998933 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v2.i2.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 12/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/12/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no standard treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from gastric cancer. A novel multidisciplinary treatment combining bidirectional chemotherapy [neoadjuvant intraperitoneal-systemic chemotherapy protocol (NIPS)], peritonectomy, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) and early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been developed. In this article, we assess the indications, safety and efficacy of this treatment, review the relevant studies and introduce our experiences. The aims of NIPS are stage reduction, the eradication of peritoneal free cancer cells, and an increased incidence of complete cytoreduction (CC-0) for PC. A complete response after NIPS was obtained in 15 (50%) out of 30 patients with PC. Thus, a significantly high incidence of CC-0 can be obtained in patients with a peritoneal cancer index (PCI) ≤ 6. Using a multivariate analysis to examine the survival benefit, CC-0 and NIPS are identified as significant indicators of a good outcome. However, the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with peritonectomy and perioperative chemotherapy make stringent patient selection important. The best indications for multidisciplinary therapy are localized PC (PCI ≤ 6) from resectable gastric cancer that can be completely removed during a peritonectomy. NIPS and complete cytoreduction are essential treatment modalities for improving the survival of patients with PC from gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yonemura
- Yutaka Yonemura, Ayman Elnemr, NPO Organization to Support Peritoneal Dissemination Treatment, Kishiwada, Osaka 596-0032, Japan
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Nishiyama M, Wada S. Docetaxel: its role in current and future treatments for advanced gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2010; 12:132-41. [PMID: 19890692 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-009-0521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A globally accepted standard chemotherapy remains undetermined in gastric cancer, but the recent introduction of active "new-generation agents" such as taxanes, irinotecan (CPT-11), oxaliplatin, S-1, and capecitabine, offers hope for markedly improving patient outcomes. Docetaxel, as well as the other new-generation agents, plays a key role in the development of the new-era chemotherapy, and the incorporation of taxanes has provided several regimens, such as docetaxel/cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (DCF), that could become standard treatment. The DCF regimen is now regarded as a standard treatment option in advanced gastric cancer in selected patients in good condition. Many institutions and cooperative groups continue to study a variety of docetaxel-based combinations with "new-generation cytotoxic agents" in various treatment settings, and recent attention has been focused on the incorporation of biological agents, such as cetuximab, bevacizumab, everolimus, and sunitinib, into docetaxel-containing combinations as another innovative approach. The ongoing clinical trials of a number of new regimens will clarify their clinical benefits in gastric cancer treatment. Along with the development of more active docetaxel combination regimens, the identification of predictive biomarkers for each regimen has been intensively studied recently. This review focuses on docetaxel as a key agent in gastric cancer chemotherapy, and discusses the role of this taxane in current and future treatments for advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Nishiyama
- Translational Research Center, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
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Takagawa R, Akimoto K, Ichikawa Y, Akiyama H, Kojima Y, Ishiguro H, Inayama Y, Aoki I, Kunisaki C, Endo I, Nagashima Y, Ohno S. High expression of atypical protein kinase C lambda/iota in gastric cancer as a prognostic factor for recurrence. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 17:81-8. [PMID: 19774416 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-009-0708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The atypical protein kinase C lambda/iota (aPKClambda/iota) is involved in several signal transduction pathways that influence cell growth, apoptosis, and the establishment and maintenance of epithelial cell polarity. Overexpression of aPKClambda/iota has been reported in several cancers and been shown to be associated with oncogenesis. However, the expression and role of aPKClambda/iota in gastric cancer, one of the commonest cancers in Asia, have not so far been investigated. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between aPKClambda/iota expression and the clinicopathological features of gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Gastric adenocarcinoma samples were obtained from 177 patients who underwent gastrectomy at the Yokohama City University Hospital between 1999 and 2004. Expression of aPKClambda/iota and E: -cadherin was examined immunohistochemically and compared with clinicopathological features of the tumors. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for both disease-specific and relapse-free survival. RESULTS Overexpression of aPKClambda/iota protein was detected in 126 of the 177 (71.2%) gastric cancers. Immunohistological staining for aPKClambda/iota was stronger in gastric adenocarcinoma of intestinal type than diffuse type (p = 0.036), but was not correlated with E: -cadherin expression. A multivariate analysis suggested that nodal metastasis and aPKClambda/iota overexpression were prognostic factors for disease recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that aPKClambda/iota overexpression was a strong prognostic factor for gastric adenocarcinoma recurrence. As well as being a new prognostic indicator, aPKClambda/iota is also likely to be a novel therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Takagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Yonemura Y, Endou Y, Shinbo M, Sasaki T, Hirano M, Mizumoto A, Matsuda T, Takao N, Ichinose M, Mizuno M, Miura M, Ikeda M, Ikeda S, Nakajima G, Yonemura J, Yuuba T, Masuda S, Kimura H, Matsuki N. Safety and efficacy of bidirectional chemotherapy for treatment of patients with peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer: Selection for cytoreductive surgery. J Surg Oncol 2009; 100:311-6. [PMID: 19697437 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is no standard treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from gastric cancer. New bidirectional chemotherapy (neoadjuvant intraperitoneal-systemic chemotherapy protocol (NIPS)) was developed. The aim of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy of NIPS and to show the selection for cytoreductive surgery on PC from gastric cancer. Seventy-nine patients with PC from gastric cancer were treated with NIPS. A peritoneal port system was introduced into the abdominal cavity. The peritoneal wash cytological examination through a port was done before and after NIPS. The patients were treated with oral TS-1 twice a daily for 21 days, followed by a 1-week rest. On day 1, 8, and 15 from the start of oral TS-1 administration, 30 mg/m(2) of Docetaxel and 30 mg/m(2) of cisplatinum with 500 ml of saline were introduced into the peritoneal cavity through the port. A median course of oral TS-1 was 2.1 course and a median time of IP chemoterapy was 5.8. Peritoneal free cancer cells (PFCCs) had been detected in 65 (82.2%) patients before NIPS, and the positive cytology changed to be negative in 41 (63.0%) patients after NIPS. After NIPS, 41 patients underwent laparotomy, and complete cytoreduction was done in 32 (78%) patients. Complete cytoreduction was done in 27 (51.9%) of 52 patients with negative cytology but in only 4 (14.8%) of 27 patients with positive cytology (P < 0.001). Patients with negative cytology after NIPS survived significantly longer than those with positive cytology. The adverse effects after NIPS were mild and there was no treatment-related deaths. The grade 3/4 hematological adverse effects were found in 2 (2.6%) patients. Grade 3 renal toxicity and port site infection was found in three patients, respectively. NIPS using a port system is a safe and effective treatment for PC. Peritoneal wash cytology through a port system is a good indicator to select the patients to perform cytoreductive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yonemura
- NPO Organization to Support Peritoneal Dissemination Treatment, Kishiwada, Osaka, Japan.
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Anti-EGFR-Targeted Therapy for Esophageal and Gastric Cancers: An Evolving Concept. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2009; 2009:804108. [PMID: 19636422 PMCID: PMC2712675 DOI: 10.1155/2009/804108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancers of the esophagus and stomach present a major health burden worldwide. In the past 30 years we have witnessed some interesting shifts in terms of epidemiology of esophago gastric cancers. Regardless of a world region, the majority of patients diagnosed with esophageal or gastric cancers die from progression or recurrence of their disease. While there are many active cytotoxic agents for esophageal and stomach cancers, their impact on the disease course has been modest at best. Median survival for patients with advanced gastroesophageal cancer is still less than a year. Therefore, novel strategies, based on our understanding of biology and genetics, are desperately needed. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway has been implicated in pathophysiology of many epithelial malignancies, including esophageal and stomach cancers. EGFR inhibitors, small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, have been explored in patients with esophageal and gastric cancers. It appears that tumors of the distal esophagus and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) may be more sensitive to EGFR blockade than distal gastric adenocarcinomas. Investigations looking into potential molecular predictors of sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors for patients with esophageal and GEJ cancers are ongoing. While we are still searching for those predictors, it is clear that they will be different from ones identified in lung and colorectal cancers. Further development of EGFR inhibitors for esophageal and GEJ cancers should be driven by better understanding of EGFR pathway disregulation that drives cancer progression in a sensitive patient population.
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El-Sayyad HI, Ismail MF, Shalaby FM, Abou-El-Magd RF, Gaur RL, Fernando A, Raj MHG, Ouhtit A. Histopathological effects of cisplatin, doxorubicin and 5-flurouracil (5-FU) on the liver of male albino rats. Int J Biol Sci 2009; 5:466-73. [PMID: 19584954 PMCID: PMC2706427 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin, doxorubicin and fluorouracil (5-FU), drugs belonging to different chemical classes, have been extensively used for chemotherapy of various cancers. Despite extensive investigations into their hepatotoxicity, there is very limited information on their effects on the structure and ultra-structure of liver cells in vivo. Here, we demonstrate for the first time, the effects of these three anticancer drugs on rat liver toxicity using both light and electron microscopy. Light microscopic observations revealed that higher doses of cisplatin and doxorubicin caused massive hepatotoxicity compared to 5-FU treatment, including dissolution of hepatic cords, focal inflammation and necrotic tissues. Interestingly, low doses also exhibited abnormal changes, including periportal fibrosis, degeneration of hepatic cords and increased apoptosis. These changes were confirmed at ultrastructural level, including vesiculated rough endoplasmic reticulum and atrophied mitochondria with ill-differentiated cisternae, dense collection of macrophages and lymphocytes as well as fibrocytes with collagenous fibrils manifesting early sign of fibrosis, especially in response to cisplatin and doxorubicin -treatment. Our results provide in vivo evidence, at ultrastructural level, of direct hepatotoxicity caused by cisplatin, doxorubicin and 5-FU at both light and electron microscopi. These results can guide the design of appropriate treatment regimen to reduce the hepatotoxic effects of these anticancer drugs.
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Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics in gastric cancer chemotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:402-7. [PMID: 19133303 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts, treatment of gastric cancer by chemotherapy, the globally accepted standard, is yet undetermined, and uncertainty remains regarding the optimal regimen. Recent introduction of active "new generation agents" offers hope for improving patient outcomes. Current chemotherapeutic trials provided several regimens that may become a possible standard treatment, including docetaxel/cisplatin/5-FU (TCF) and cisplatin/S-1 for advanced and metastatic cancer and S-1 monotherapy in the adjuvant setting. Along with the development of novel active regimens, individual optimization of cancer chemotherapy has been attempted in order to reduce toxicity and enhance tumor response. Unlike the rare and limited contribution of pharmacokinetic studies, pharmacogenomic studies are increasing the potential to realize the therapeutics against gastric cancer. Despite the limited data, pharmacogenomics in gastric cancer have provided a number of putative biomarkers for the prediction of tumor response to chemotherapies and of toxicity.
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Kanellos D, Kanellos I. Assessing Potential Synergistic Effects of S-1 Plus Paclitaxel Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16:1442-3; author reply 1444-5. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-009-0360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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50
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Bali C, Ziogas D, Fatouros E, Fatouros M. Is there a role for surgery in recurrent gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16:1074-5; author reply 1076. [PMID: 19184233 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-008-0302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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