1
|
McNamara C, Montoto S, Eyre TA, Ardeshna K, Burton C, Illidge T, Linton K, Rule S, Townsend W, Wong WL, McKay P. The investigation and management of follicular lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2020; 191:363-381. [PMID: 32579717 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Montoto
- St Bartholomew’s and The Royal London NHS Trust London UK
| | - Toby A. Eyre
- Department of Clinical Haematology Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford UK
| | - Kirit Ardeshna
- Department of Haematology University College London Hospital LondonUK
| | - Cathy Burton
- Department of Haematology Leeds Cancer Centre Leeds UK
| | - Tim Illidge
- Institute of Cancer Sciences the Christie NHS Foundation Trust University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Kim Linton
- Department of Medical Oncology The Christie Hospital NHS Trust Manchester UK
| | - Simon Rule
- Department of Haematology University of Plymouth Medical School Plymouth UK
| | - William Townsend
- Department of Haematology University College London Hospital LondonUK
| | - Wai L. Wong
- Paul Strickland Scanner Centre Mount Vernon Hospital Northwood UK
| | - Pam McKay
- Department of Haematology Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre Glasgow Scotland UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hirayama AV, Gauthier J, Hay KA, Voutsinas JM, Wu Q, Pender BS, Hawkins RM, Vakil A, Steinmetz RN, Riddell SR, Maloney DG, Turtle CJ. High rate of durable complete remission in follicular lymphoma after CD19 CAR-T cell immunotherapy. Blood 2019; 134:636-640. [PMID: 31648294 PMCID: PMC6695558 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) with early relapse after initial chemoimmunotherapy, refractory disease, or histologic transformation (tFL) have limited progression-free and overall survival. We report efficacy and long-term follow-up of 21 patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) FL (n = 8) and tFL (n = 13) treated on a phase 1/2 clinical trial with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine lymphodepletion followed by infusion of 2 × 106 CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells per kilogram. The complete remission (CR) rates by the Lugano criteria were 88% and 46% for patients with FL and tFL, respectively. All patients with FL who achieved CR remained in remission at a median follow-up of 24 months. The median duration of response for patients with tFL was 10.2 months at a median follow-up of 38 months. Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 50% and 39%, and neurotoxicity in 50% and 23% of patients with FL and tFL, respectively, with no severe adverse events (grade ≥3). No significant differences in CAR-T cell in vivo expansion/persistence were observed between FL and tFL patients. CD19 CAR-T cell immunotherapy is highly effective in adults with clinically aggressive R/R FL with or without transformation, with durable remission in a high proportion of FL patients. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01865617.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan Gauthier
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kevin A Hay
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and
| | - Jenna M Voutsinas
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Qian Wu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Barbara S Pender
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Reed M Hawkins
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Aesha Vakil
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Rachel N Steinmetz
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Stanley R Riddell
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - David G Maloney
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Cameron J Turtle
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
An Evidence-based Review of Anti-CD20 Antibody-containing Regimens for the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma, or Follicular Lymphoma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2018; 18:508-518.e14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
4
|
Awasthi A, Rolland DCM, Ayello J, van de Ven C, Basrur V, Conlon K, Fermin D, Barth MJ, Klein C, Elenitoba-Johnson KSJ, Lim MS, Cairo MS. A comparative global phosphoproteomics analysis of obinutuzumab (GA101) versus rituximab (RTX) against RTX sensitive and resistant Burkitt lymphoma (BL) demonstrates differential phosphorylation of signaling pathway proteins after treatment. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113895-113909. [PMID: 29371955 PMCID: PMC5768372 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that obinutuzumab (GA101), a novel glycoengineered type II CD20 Ab compared to rituximab (RTX) mediates significantly enhanced antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro and increased overall survival in a Burkitt lymphoma (BL) xenograft non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency gamma (NSG) model. In this study we compared the phosphoproteomic changes by pathway analysis following obinutuzumab vs RTX against RTX-sensitive (Raji) and -resistant BL (Raji4RH). Phosphoproteomic analyses were performed by mass-spectrometry (MS)-based label-free quantitative phosphoproteomic profiling. We demonstrated that 418 proteins in Raji and 377 proteins in Raji 4RH, were differentially phosphorylated (>1.5-fold) after obinutuzumab vs. RTX. Proteins that were significantly differentially phosphorylated included the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) (PLCG2, BTK and GSK3B), Fc gamma phagocytosis (FCRG2B, MAPK1, PLCG2 and RAF1), and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity (MAPK1, RAF1, PLCG2 and MAPK3) signaling pathways. Differential phosphorylation of BCR or cytotoxicity pathway proteins revealed significant up-regulation of BTK, PLCY2 and ERK1/RAF1 after obinutuzumab compared to RTX. Silencing of PLCG2 in the BCR and MAPK1 in the cytotoxicity pathway significantly increased BL proliferation and decreased BL cytotoxicity after obinutuzumab compared to RTX. These results in combination with our previous results demonstrating a significant improvement in in vitro BL cytotoxicity and in vivo BL survival by obinutuzumab compared to RTX may in part be due to differential effects on selected BL protein signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Awasthi
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Delphine C M Rolland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Janet Ayello
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | | | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kevin Conlon
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Damian Fermin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthew J Barth
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Kojo S J Elenitoba-Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan S Lim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell S Cairo
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu R, Lu D, Chu YW, Chai A, Green M, Zhang N, Jin JY. Assessment of Correlation Between Early and Late Efficacy Endpoints to Identify Potential Surrogacy Relationships in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: a Literature-Based Meta-analysis of 108 Phase II and Phase III Studies. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:669-681. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
6
|
Feugier P. A review of rituximab, the first anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of B non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Future Oncol 2016; 11:1327-42. [PMID: 25952779 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rituximab is a type I anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, which stabilizes CD20 on lipid rafts, promoting antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity activities. It is the first targeted therapy used in B-cell malignancies and has revolutionized their treatment, without excess of toxicity. In combination with chemotherapy, it has significantly improved response rates and progression-free survival and, for some of them, overall survival of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma. Moreover, it has been shown to improve progression-free survival in maintenance in follicular lymphoma as well as mantle cell lymphoma. Improvement of its efficacy includes exploration of resistance mechanisms, pharmacokinetics parameters, role of vitamin D and evaluation of subcutaneous route, among others.
Collapse
|
7
|
Awasthi A, Ayello J, Van de Ven C, Elmacken M, Sabulski A, Barth MJ, Czuczman MS, Islam H, Klein C, Cairo MS. Obinutuzumab (GA101) compared to rituximab significantly enhances cell death and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and improves overall survival against CD20+ rituximab-sensitive/-resistant Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and precursor B-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2015; 171:763-75. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Awasthi
- Department of Pediatrics; New York Medical College; Valhalla NY USA
| | - Janet Ayello
- Department of Pediatrics; New York Medical College; Valhalla NY USA
| | | | - Mona Elmacken
- Department of Pediatrics; New York Medical College; Valhalla NY USA
| | - Anthony Sabulski
- Department of Pediatrics; New York Medical College; Valhalla NY USA
| | - Matthew J. Barth
- Department of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo NY USA
| | - Myron S. Czuczman
- Department of Medicine; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo NY USA
| | - Humayun Islam
- Department of Pathology; New York Medical College; Valhalla NY USA
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development; Roche Innovation Centre; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Mitchell S. Cairo
- Department of Pediatrics; New York Medical College; Valhalla NY USA
- Department of Pathology; New York Medical College; Valhalla NY USA
- Department of Medicine; New York Medical College; Valhalla NY USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; New York Medical College; Valhalla NY USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy; New York Medical College; Valhalla NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Feldman SA, Assadipour Y, Kriley I, Goff SL, Rosenberg SA. Adoptive Cell Therapy--Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes, T-Cell Receptors, and Chimeric Antigen Receptors. Semin Oncol 2015; 42:626-39. [PMID: 26320066 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Feldman
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Yasmine Assadipour
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Isaac Kriley
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stephanie L Goff
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Steven A Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zinzani PL, Khuageva NK, Wang H, Garicochea B, Walewski J, Van Hoof A, Soubeyran P, Caballero D, Buckstein R, Esseltine DL, Theocharous P, Enny C, Zhu E, Elsayed YA, Coiffier B. Bortezomib plus rituximab versus rituximab in patients with high-risk, relapsed, rituximab-naïve or rituximab-sensitive follicular lymphoma: subgroup analysis of a randomized phase 3 trial. J Hematol Oncol 2012; 5:67. [PMID: 23088650 PMCID: PMC3502148 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-5-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The randomized phase 3 LYM3001 trial in relapsed follicular lymphoma (FL) demonstrated higher overall (ORR) and complete response (CR) rates and prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) with bortezomib-rituximab versus rituximab. We report findings in high-risk patients (FL International Prognostic Index [FLIPI] score ≥3, and high tumor burden by modified Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomas Folliculaires [GELF] criteria). METHODS Patients aged ≥18 years with grade 1/2 FL, ≥1 measurable lesion, and documented relapse or progression following prior therapy, rituximab-naïve or rituximab-sensitive, were enrolled at 164 centers in 29 countries across Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. Patients were randomized (1:1) to five 5-week cycles of bortezomib-rituximab (bortezomib 1.6 mg/m2, days 1, 8, 15, and 22, all cycles; rituximab 375 mg/m2, days 1, 8, 15, and 22, cycle 1, and day 1, cycles 2-5; N=336) or rituximab alone (N=340). Randomization was stratified by FLIPI score, prior rituximab, time since last dose of anti-lymphoma therapy, and geographical region. The primary endpoint of the study was PFS. RESULTS 103 bortezomib-rituximab and 98 rituximab patients had high-risk FL. The ORR was 59% versus 37% (p=0.002), the CR/CRu rate was 13% versus 6% (p=0.145), and the durable response rate was 45% versus 26% (p=0.008) with bortezomib-rituximab versus rituximab. Median PFS was 9.5 versus 6.7 months (hazard ratio [HR] 0.667, p=0.012) with bortezomib-rituximab versus rituximab; median time to progression was 10.9 versus 6.8 months (HR 0.656, p=0.009); median time to next anti-lymphoma treatment was 14.8 versus 9.1 months (HR 0.762, p=0.103); and the 1-year Overall Survival rate was 83.1% versus 76.6%. Overall, 51% of bortezomib-rituximab and 32% of rituximab patients reported grade ≥3 adverse events, including neutropenia (18%, 6%), anemia (4%, 5%), diarrhea (8%, 0%), thrombocytopenia (5%, 2%), and sensory neuropathy (1%, 0%). CONCLUSIONS High-risk FL patients treated with bortezomib-rituximab had significantly higher ORR and longer PFS than patients receiving rituximab alone, with greater clinical benefit than in the overall study population; additional toxicity was acceptable and did not affect treatment feasibility. TRIAL REGISTRATION The phase 3 LYM3001 trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, with the identifier NCT00312845.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Boronic Acids/administration & dosage
- Boronic Acids/adverse effects
- Bortezomib
- Disease-Free Survival
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Follicular/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Pyrazines/administration & dosage
- Pyrazines/adverse effects
- Rituximab
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Luigi Zinzani
- Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology ‘L. & A. Seràgnoli’, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Huaqing Wang
- Medical Oncology, Medical University Cancer Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Jan Walewski
- Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute and Oncology Centre, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Dolores Caballero
- Clinical Hematology, Hospital Clínico de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rena Buckstein
- Medical Oncology & Hematology, Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Center, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Eugene Zhu
- Oncology R&D, Janssen R&D, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jäger U, Fridrik M, Zeitlinger M, Heintel D, Hopfinger G, Burgstaller S, Mannhalter C, Oberaigner W, Porpaczy E, Skrabs C, Einberger C, Drach J, Raderer M, Gaiger A, Putman M, Greil R. Rituximab serum concentrations during immuno-chemotherapy of follicular lymphoma correlate with patient gender, bone marrow infiltration and clinical response. Haematologica 2012; 97:1431-8. [PMID: 22511498 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.059246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of follicular lymphoma with rituximab is currently recommended at a dose of 375 mg/m(2). We aimed to provide a rationale for optimal dosing and scheduling of this anti-CD20 antibody based on pharmacokinetics. DESIGN AND METHODS Clinical efficacy of immunochemotherapy with rituximab, fludarabine and mitoxantrone followed by 2-monthly rituximab maintenance was evaluated in 29 patients with previously untreated follicular lymphoma in a prospective phase II trial (AGMT-NHL9). Pharmacokinetic analysis was assessed in 17 patients. RESULTS Induction treatment resulted in high clinical response rates (complete remission 66%; ORR 100%). Significantly higher complete remission rates were observed in female patients (86 vs. 47%; Odds Ratio 6.8, 95% CI: 1.12; 41.82; P=0.05). Rituximab pharmacokinetic analysis showed a high variability ranging over almost 1 order of magnitude at maintenance cycle 1 (area under the curve 1,540-12,025 g/L*days). Median area under the curve was lower in men (81%) and in patients with initial bone marrow infiltration (76%). Higher rituximab serum concentrations before next therapy (C(trough)) were associated with female sex (P=0.04) as well as with absence of initial bone marrow infiltration (P=0.001). C(trough) correlated with remission quality (complete vs. partial remission; P=0.005) and progression-free survival (P=0.03). A decline in rituximab C(trough) below 25,000 ng/mL was observed 9.5 to 62 months before clinical relapse (P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS The results of this pilot trial suggest that more differentiated dosing schedules based on gender and bone marrow infiltration should be explored for rituximab therapy for lymphoma. This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT01560117).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Jäger
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna Währinger Gürtel 18-20 A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
McNamara C, Davies J, Dyer M, Hoskin P, Illidge T, Lyttelton M, Marcus R, Montoto S, Ramsay A, Wong WL, Ardeshna K. Guidelines on the investigation and management of follicular lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2011; 156:446-67. [PMID: 22211428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08969.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
12
|
Terry CA, Fernández MJ, Gude L, Lorente A, Grant KB. Physiologically relevant concentrations of NaCl and KCl increase DNA photocleavage by an N-substituted 9-aminomethylanthracene dye. Biochemistry 2011; 50:10375-89. [PMID: 22014335 DOI: 10.1021/bi200972c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis of a new 9-aminomethylanthracene dye N-substituted with a pyridinylpolyamine side chain (4). The effects of NaCl and KCl on anthracene/DNA interactions were then studied, with the goal of simulating the conditions of high ionic strength that a DNA photosensitizer might encounter in the cell nucleus (~150 mM of NaCl and 260 mM of KCl). As exemplified by methylene blue (5), the expected effect of increasing ionic strength is to decrease DNA binding and photocleavage yields. In contrast, the addition of 150 mM of NaCl in combination with 260 mM of KCl to photocleavage reactions containing micromolar concentrations of 4 triggers the conversion of supercoiled, nicked, and linear forms of pUC19 plasmid into a highly degraded band of DNA fragments (350 nm hν, pH 7.0). Circular dichroism spectra point to a correlation between salt-induced unwinding of the DNA helix and the increase in DNA photocleavage yields. The results of circular dichroism, UV-vis absorption, fluorescence emission, thermal denaturation, and photocleavage inhibition experiments suggest that the combination of salts causes a change in the DNA binding mode of 4 from intercalation to an external interaction. This in turn leads to an increase in the anthracene-sensitized production of DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla A Terry
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bibliography. Lymphoma. Current world literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2011; 23:537-41. [PMID: 21836468 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e32834b18ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
McLaughlin P. Management Options for Follicular Lymphoma: Observe; R-CHOP; B-R; Others? CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2011; 11 Suppl 1:S91-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|