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Elagawany M, Abdel Ghany LMA, Ibrahim TS, Alharbi AS, Abdel-Aziz MS, El-labbad EM, Ryad N. Development of certain benzylidene coumarin derivatives as anti-prostate cancer agents targeting EGFR and PI3Kβ kinases. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2311157. [PMID: 38348846 PMCID: PMC10866054 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2311157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel coumarin derivatives were synthesised and tested for their cytotoxicity against human cancer cells (PC-3 and MDA-MB-231). Compounds 5, 4b, and 4a possessed potent cytotoxic activity against PC-3 cells with IC50 3.56, 8.99, and 10.22 µM, respectively. Compound 4c displayed cytotoxicity more than erlotinib in the MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 8.5 µM. Moreover, compound 5 exhibited potent inhibitory activity on EFGR with IC50 0.1812 µM, as well as PI3Kβ inhibitory activity that was twofold higher than LY294002, suggesting that this compound has a dual EGFR and PI3Kβ inhibiting activity. Docking aligns with the in vitro results and sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying dual targeting. Furthermore, compound 5 decreased AKT and m-TOR expression in PC-3 cells, showing that it specifically targets these cells via the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/m-TOR signalling pathway. Simultaneously, compound 5 caused cell cycle arrest at S phase and induced activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elagawany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Buhaira, Egypt
| | - Lina M. A. Abdel Ghany
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tarek S. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman S. Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Shaqra University, Sajir, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Abdel-Aziz
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M. El-labbad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Ryad
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
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2
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Ahad A, Ejaz A, Fatima E, Sultan W, Ahmad O, Jamil A, Iqbal J, Ullah I, Alraies MC, Minhas AMK. Rising mortality related to cardiovascular disease and prostate cancer amongst older men across the United States. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102785. [PMID: 39127433 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a significant association between cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and prostate cancer (PCa), leading to high mortality. This study evaluates the trends in mortality associated with CVDs and PCa among older (≥ 65 years) men in the United States (US). METHODS This analysis utilized the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER). The analysis of Multiple Cause of Death Files was carried out from 1999 to 2019 to identify fatalities with CVD and PCa listed as either contributory or underlying causes of death. Crude and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 populations for variables such as year, race and ethnicity, and geographic regions were determined. To assess annual percent change (APC), a Joinpoint regression program was employed. RESULTS Overall AAMR was 54.3 in 1999 and 34.6 in 2019. After a decline in AAMR from 1999 to 2015, an alarming rise in mortality was observed until 2019. Mortality rates were highest among Non-Hispanic (NH) Black and African American men (74.9). Geographically, the highest mortalities were witnessed in the West (46.4) and non-metropolitan areas (44.6). States with AAMRs ranking in the 90th percentile were Nebraska, California, North Dakota, the District of Columbia, and Mississippi. CONCLUSION After decreasing death rates associated with CVD and PCa from 1999 to 2015, a reversal in the trend was observed from 2015 to 2019. Addressing this increase in death rates, especially among the vulnerable population, requires focused attention and targeted strategies to implement necessary safeguards in the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Department of Physiology, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Arooba Ejaz
- Department of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Eeshal Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Wania Sultan
- Department of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Owais Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adeena Jamil
- Department of Medicine, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Nursing Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Institute of Public Health and Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan; Department of Internal Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M Chadi Alraies
- Department of Cardiology, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
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Li J, Zhou M, Xie J, Chen J, Yang M, Ye C, Cheng S, Liu M, Li R, Tan R. Organoid modeling meets cancers of female reproductive tract. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:410. [PMID: 39333482 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the female reproductive system, especially malignant tumors, pose a serious threat to women's health worldwide. One of the key factors limiting research progress in this area is the lack of representative models. Organoid technology, especially tumor organoids, has been increasingly applied in the study of female reproductive system tumors due to their high heterogeneity, close resemblance to the physiological state, easy acquisition and cultivation advantages. They play a significant role in understanding the origin and causes of tumors, drug screening, and personalized treatment and more. This article reviews the organoid models for the female reproductive system, focusing on the cancer research advancements. It discusses the methods for constructing tumor organoids of the female reproductive tract and summarizes the limitations of current research. The aim is to offer a reference for future development and application of these organoid models, contributing to the advancement of anti-tumor drugs and treatment strategies for female reproductive tract cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory of Innovation of New Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengting Zhou
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory of Innovation of New Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Information Technology Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengni Yang
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory of Innovation of New Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Changjun Ye
- Rehabilitation Department, Changgeng Yining Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shihu Cheng
- Geriatric Department, Changgeng Yining Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ruirong Tan
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory of Innovation of New Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China.
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Byers S, Song X. Nonparametric Biomarker Based Treatment Selection With Reproducibility Data. Stat Med 2024. [PMID: 39291682 DOI: 10.1002/sim.10218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
We consider evaluating biomarkers for treatment selection under assay modification. Survival outcome, treatment, and Affymetrix gene expression data were attained from cancer patients. Consider migrating a gene expression biomarker to the Illumina platform. A recent novel approach allows a quick evaluation of the migrated biomarker with only a reproducibility study needed to compare the two platforms, achieved by treating the original biomarker as an error-contaminated observation of the migrated biomarker. However, its assumptions of a classical measurement error model and a linear predictor for the outcome may not hold. Ignoring such model deviations may lead to sub-optimal treatment selection or failure to identify effective biomarkers. To overcome such limitations, we adopt a nonparametric logistic regression to model the relationship between the event rate and the biomarker, and the deduced marker-based treatment selection is optimal. We further assume a nonparametric relationship between the migrated and original biomarkers and show that the error-contaminated biomarker leads to sub-optimal treatment selection compared to the error-free biomarker. We obtain the estimation via B-spline approximation. The approach is assessed by simulation studies and demonstrated through application to lung cancer data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Byers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Gong X, Wang Z, You J, Gao J, Chen K, Chu J, Sui X, Dang J, Liu X. Pyroptosis-associated genes and tumor immune response in endometrial cancer. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:433. [PMID: 39264524 PMCID: PMC11393226 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and progression of tumors are linked to the process of pyroptosis. However, the precise involvement of pyroptosis-associated genes (PRGs) in endometrial cancer (EC) remains uncertain. 29 PRGs were identified as being either up-regulated or down-regulated in EC. PRGs subgroup analysis demonstrated distinct survival outcomes and diverse responses to chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade therapy. A higher expression of GPX4 and NOD2, coupled with lower levels of CASP6, PRKACA, and NLRP2, were found to be significantly associated with higher overall survival (OS) rates (p < 0.05). Conversely, lower expression of NOD2 was linked to lower progression-free survival (p = 0.021) and advanced tumor stage(p = 0.0024). NOD2, NLRP2, and TNM stages were identified as independent prognostic factors (p < 0.001). The LASSO prognostic model exhibited a notable decrease in OS among EC patients in the high-risk score group (ROC-AUC10-years: 0.799, p = 0.00644). Furthermore, NOD2 displayed a positive correlation with the infiltration of immune cells and the expression of immune checkpoints (p < 0.001). GPX4 and CASP6 are significantly associated with TMB and MSI (RTMB = 0.39; RMSI = 0.23). Additionally, a substantial upregulation of NOD2 was confirmed in both EC cells and tissue, indicating a positive relationship between advanced TNM stage (p < 0.0001) and infiltration of M1 phenotype macrophages. Nonetheless, its impact on patient OS did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.141). Our findings have contributed to the advancement of a prognostic model for EC patients. NOD2 receptor-mediated pyroptosis mechanism potentially regulates tumor immunity and promotes the transformation of macrophages from the M2 phenotype to the M1 phenotype, which significantly impacts the progression of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Gong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jiahao You
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jinghai Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jing Chu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xiaoxin Sui
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jianhong Dang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Nassief G, Anaeme A, Moussa K, Mansour AN, Ansstas G. Recent Advancements in Cell-Based Therapies in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9848. [PMID: 39337333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma outcomes have drastically changed in recent years due to the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, many patients still experience intolerable side effects, therapy resistance, and disease progression on ICI therapy. Therefore, there remains a need for novel therapeutics that address this gap in treatment options. Cell-based therapies have gained wide attention as a therapeutic option that could address this gap in treatment options for advanced melanoma. These therapies work by extracting certain cell types produced in the human body such as T-cells, modifying them based on a specific target, and transfusing them back into the patient. In the realm of cancer therapy, cell-based therapies utilize immune cells to target tumor cells while sparing healthy cells. Recently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the usage of lifileucel, a tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy, in advanced melanoma. This came following recent results from the C-144-01 study (NCT02360579), which demonstrated the efficacy and safety of TILs in metastatic melanoma patients who otherwise failed on standard ICI/targeted therapy. Thus, the results of this trial as well as the recent FDA approval have proven the viability of utilizing cell-based therapies to fill the gap in treatment options for patients with advanced melanoma. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of major cell-based therapies that have been utilized in melanoma by delineating results of the most recent multi-center phase II/ III clinical trials that evaluate the efficacy and safety of major cell-based therapies in melanoma. Additionally, we provide a summary of current limitations in each cell-based therapeutic option as well as a future direction of how to further extrapolate these cell-based therapies in advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Nassief
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Angela Anaeme
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karen Moussa
- UMKC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Abdallah N Mansour
- Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - George Ansstas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Gomez D, Feng JJ, Cheok S, Shah I, Dicharry H, Cote DJ, Briggs RG, Guerra GA, Peterson R, Salhia B, Neman J, Attenello F, Chow F, Musabelliu EK, Zada G. Incidence of brain metastasis according to patient race and primary cancer origin: a systematic review. J Neurooncol 2024; 169:457-467. [PMID: 38896356 PMCID: PMC11341633 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04748-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE A systematic review was conducted to investigate differences in incidence and primary origin of synchronous brain metastasis (sBM) in varying racial groups with different primary cancers. METHODS Adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines a search was conducted using PubMed and Ovid databases for publications from January 2000 to January 2023, with search terms including combinations of "brain metastasis," "race," "ethnicity," and "incidence." Three independent reviewers screened for inclusion criteria encompassing studies clearly reporting primary cancer sites, patient demographics including race, and synchronous BM (sBM) incidence. RESULTS Of 806 articles, 10 studies comprised of mainly adult patients from the United States met final inclusion for data analysis. Higher sBM incidence proportions were observed in American Indian/Alaska native patients for primary breast (p < 0.001), colorectal (p = 0.015), and esophageal cancers (p = 0.024) as well as in Asian or Pacific islanders for primary stomach (p < 0.001), thyroid (p = 0.006), and lung/bronchus cancers (p < 0.001) yet higher proportions in White patients for malignant melanoma (p < 0.001). Compared to White patients, Black patients had higher sBM incidence likelihood in breast cancer (OR = 1.27, p = 0.01) but lower likelihood in renal (OR = 0.46, p < 0.001) and esophageal cancers (OR = 0.31, p = 0.005). American Indian/Alaska native patients had a higher sBM likelihood (OR = 3.78, p = 0.004) relative to White patients in esophageal cancer. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal several comparative racial differences in sBM incidence arising from different primary cancer origins, underscoring a need for further research to explain these variations. Identifying the factors contributing to these disparities holds the potential to promote greater equity in oncological care according to cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gomez
- Department of Neurosurgery Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Jeffrey J Feng
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie Cheok
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ishan Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Holly Dicharry
- LSU Health Shreveport School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - David J Cote
- Department of Neurosurgery Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Robert G Briggs
- Department of Neurosurgery Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Gage A Guerra
- Department of Neurosurgery Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Racheal Peterson
- Department of Neurosurgery Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Bodour Salhia
- Department of Neurosurgery Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Josh Neman
- Department of Neurosurgery Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Frank Attenello
- Department of Neurosurgery Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Frances Chow
- Department of Neurosurgery Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Neurology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erion K Musabelliu
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriel Zada
- Department of Neurosurgery Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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Itani MI, Farah B, Wasvary M, Wadehra A, Wilson T, Rutledge B, Naylor P, Beal EW, Mutchnick M. Impact of DAA Treatment for HCV on Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Predominately African American Population. J Gastrointest Cancer 2024; 55:1324-1332. [PMID: 38972941 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-024-01076-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study tested the hypothesis that our predominately AA medical center population would demonstrate a decline in HCV-driven HCC diagnosis following the initiation of DAA treatment in 2014. Also evaluated was whether achieving an SVR prior to diagnosis of HCC improved outcomes in patients who had an HCV diagnosis after completion of treatment. METHODS All patients with HCC seen at the Detroit Medical Center from 2009 to 2021 were identified using ICD-10 codes, and medical records were evaluated. Outcomes were evaluated as either alive or death/hospice as of December of 2022. RESULTS There were 461 patients with HCC of whom 433 (94%) had racial information in the database (AA = 351; non-AA = 82). HCC incidence regardless of race peaked in 2017, with a subsequent decline through 2021. HCV as a risk factor was higher in AA as compared to non-AA (85% vs. 53% p = 0.0001). Outcome (alive vs. death/hospice) was better for SVR patients compared to untreated patients (54% vs. 19%; p = 0.0009). HCC patients who achieved SVR also had better liver function at diagnosis as defined by Child-Pugh score (74% vs. 49% Class A p = 0.04) at the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Racial disparity in HCC etiology was confirmed with AA more likely to have HCV than non-AA. The reduction in HCC patients with HCV confirms the impact of DAA treatment and prior successful treatment of HCV yields better outcomes. Increasing HCV treatment rates especially in AA patients will have a major impact on HCC development and treatment outcomes. WHAT IS KNOWN • African Americans are more likely to have HCV infection as compared to non-AA. • Hepatocellular carcinoma is increasing in incidence in the US. • The role of HCV in the development of HCC remains to be further investigated. WHAT IS NEW • HCC diagnosis in a single urban medical center study increased from 2009 as a result of HCV as a risk factor. • HCC declined post 2018 due primarily to a reduction in HCV infection as the risk factor. • African Americans were more likely to have HCV as the risk factor as compared to non-AA patients who were more likely to have no known risk factor on record (i.e., cryptogenic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad I Itani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Bassem Farah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Margaret Wasvary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Anshu Wadehra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Tj Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Brian Rutledge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Paul Naylor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Eliza W Beal
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Milton Mutchnick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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Truesdell P, Chang J, Coto Villa D, Dai M, Zhao Y, McIlwain R, Young S, Hiley S, Craig AW, Babak T. Pharmacogenomic discovery of genetically targeted cancer therapies optimized against clinical outcomes. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:186. [PMID: 39198692 PMCID: PMC11358483 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical success of dozens of genetically targeted cancer therapies, the vast majority of patients with tumors caused by loss-of-function (LoF) mutations do not have access to these treatments. This is primarily due to the challenge of developing a drug that treats a disease caused by the absence of a protein target. The success of PARP inhibitors has solidified synthetic lethality (SL) as a means to overcome this obstacle. Recent mapping of SL networks using pooled CRISPR-Cas9 screens is a promising approach for expanding this concept to treating cancers driven by additional LoF drivers. In practice, however, translating signals from cell lines, where these screens are typically conducted, to patient outcomes remains a challenge. We developed a pharmacogenomic (PGx) approach called "Clinically Optimized Driver Associated-PGx" (CODA-PGX) that accurately predicts genetically targeted therapies with clinical-stage efficacy in specific LoF driver contexts. Using approved targeted therapies and cancer drugs with available real-world evidence and molecular data from hundreds of patients, we discovered and optimized the key screening principles predictive of efficacy and overall patient survival. In addition to establishing basic technical conventions, such as drug concentration and screening kinetics, we found that replicating the driver perturbation in the right context, as well as selecting patients where those drivers are genuine founder mutations, were key to accurate translation. We used CODA-PGX to screen a diverse collection of clinical stage drugs and report dozens of novel LoF genetically targeted opportunities; many validated in xenografts and by real-world evidence. Notable examples include treating STAG2-mutant tumors with Carboplatin, SMARCB1-mutant tumors with Oxaliplatin, and TP53BP1-mutant tumors with Etoposide or Bleomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Truesdell
- Leapfrog Bio, San Mateo, USA
- Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | | | - Meiou Dai
- Leapfrog Bio, San Mateo, USA
- Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Yulei Zhao
- Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, Frontier innovation center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Robin McIlwain
- Leapfrog Bio, San Mateo, USA
- Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Stephanie Young
- Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Shawna Hiley
- Third Degree Science Communication, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrew W Craig
- Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Tomas Babak
- Leapfrog Bio, San Mateo, USA.
- Department of Biology; Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
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10
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González-Martínez S, Pérez-Mies B, Cortés J, Palacios J. Single-cell RNA sequencing in endometrial cancer: exploring the epithelial cells and the microenvironment landscape. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1425212. [PMID: 39229264 PMCID: PMC11368840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1425212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has emerged as a powerful tool for dissecting cellular heterogeneity and understanding the intricate biology of diseases, including cancer. Endometrial cancer (EC) stands out as the most prevalent gynecological malignancy in Europe and the second most diagnosed worldwide, yet its cellular complexity remains poorly understood. In this review, we explore the contributions of scRNA-seq studies to shed light on the tumor cells and cellular landscape of EC. We discuss the diverse tumoral and microenvironmental populations identified through scRNA-seq, highlighting the implications for understanding disease progression. Furthermore, we address potential limitations inherent in scRNA-seq studies, such as technical biases and sample size constraints, emphasizing the need for larger-scale research encompassing a broader spectrum of EC histological subtypes. Notably, a significant proportion of scRNA-seq analyses have focused on primary endometrioid carcinoma tumors, underscoring the need to incorporate additional histological and aggressive types to comprehensively capture the heterogeneity of EC. By critically evaluating the current state of scRNA-seq research in EC, this review underscores the importance of advancing towards more comprehensive studies to accelerate our understanding of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia González-Martínez
- “Contigo Contra el Cáncer de la Mujer” Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Pathology of Cancer Group, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Cancer Networks (CIBERONC), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez-Mies
- Molecular Pathology of Cancer Group, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Cancer Networks (CIBERONC), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Cortés
- “Contigo Contra el Cáncer de la Mujer” Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Cancer Networks (CIBERONC), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- International Breast Cancer Center (IBCC), Pangaea Oncology, Quiron-salud Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research, Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research, Ridgewood, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- IOB Institute of Oncology Madrid, Hospital Beata María Ana de Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Palacios
- Molecular Pathology of Cancer Group, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Cancer Networks (CIBERONC), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Murakami K, Ganguly S. The Nectin family ligands, PVRL2 and PVR, in cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1441730. [PMID: 39156900 PMCID: PMC11327090 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1441730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a crucial component of cancer treatment. However, its efficacy remains limited across various cancer types, highlighting unmet needs. Poliovirus receptor-related 2 (PVRL2) and Poliovirus receptor (PVR) are members of the Nectin and Nectin-like Molecules family, known for their role as cell-cell adhesion molecules. With the development of immunotherapy, their involvement in tumor immune mechanisms as immune checkpoint factors has garnered significant attention. PVRL2 and PVR are predominantly expressed on tumor cells and antigen-presenting cells, binding to PVRIG and TIGIT, respectively, which are primarily found on T and NK cells, thereby suppressing antitumor immunity. Notably, gynecological cancers such as ovarian and endometrial cancers exhibit high expression levels of PVRL2 and PVR, with similar trends observed in various other solid and hematologic tumors. Targeting these immune checkpoint pathways offers a promising therapeutic avenue, potentially in combination with existing treatments. However, the immunomodulatory mechanism involving these bindings, known as the DNAM-1 axis, is complex, underscoring the importance of understanding it for developing novel therapies. This article comprehensively reviews the immunomodulatory mechanisms centered on PVRL2 and PVR, elucidating their implications for various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudipto Ganguly
- The Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Xu J, Liao J, Yan Q, Jiao J, Hu N, Zhang W, Shi L, Deng M, Huang S, Tang X. Trends analysis of cancer incidence, mortality, and survival for the elderly in the United States, 1975-2020. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70062. [PMID: 39082934 PMCID: PMC11289898 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer burden from the elderly has been rising largely due to the aging population. However, research on the long-term epidemiological trends in cancer of the elderly is lacking. METHODS Registry data of this population-based cross-sectional study were from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The study population aged 65 years or more, from geographically distinct regions. Joinpoint regression and JP Surv method were used to analyze cancer trends and survival. RESULTS Mortality rate during 1975-2020 decreased from 995.20 to 824.99 per 100,000 elderly persons, with an average annual decrease of 0.421% (95% CI, 0.378-0.464). While overall incidence increased with no significance. Prostate (29%) and breast (26%) cancer were the most common malignancies, respectively, in elderly males and females, and the mortality for both of the two (prostate 15%, breast 14%) ranked just behind lung and bronchus cancer, which had the highest mortality rates in males (29%) and females (23%). Many cancers showed adverse trends in the latest follow-up periods (the last period calculated by the Joinpoint method). For intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, incidence (male Annual Percentage Change [APC] = 7.4*; female APC = 6.7*) and mortality (male APC = 3.0*; female APC = 3.3*) increased relatively fast, and its survival was also terrible (3-year survival only 10%). Other cancers with recent increasing mortality included cancer of anus, anal canal and anorectum, retroperitoneum, pleura, peritoneum, etc. Most cancers had favorable trends of survival during the nearest follow-up period. CONCLUSION Against the background of overall improvement, many cancers showed adverse trends. Further research for the underlying mechanisms and targeted implements towards adverse trends is also urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouChina
| | - Jingyuan Liao
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouChina
| | - Qiong Yan
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouChina
| | - Jiang Jiao
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouChina
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouChina
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouChina
| | - Mingming Deng
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouChina
| | - Shu Huang
- Department of GastroenterologyLianshui County People' HospitalHuaianChina
- Department of GastroenterologyLianshui People' Hospital of Kangda College Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityHuaianChina
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouChina
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13
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Wang J, Chen Z, Lai Y, Ma Z, Wang L, Fiori PL, Carru C, Capobianco G, Zhou L. Insights into inflammation and implications for the pathogenesis and long-term outcomes of endometrial cancer: genome-wide surveys and a clinical cohort study. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:846. [PMID: 39020272 PMCID: PMC11253470 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite evidence showing a connection between inflammation and endometrial cancer (EC) risk, the surveys on genetic correlation and cohort studies investigating the impact on long-term outcomes have yet to be refined. We aimed to address the impact of inflammation factors on the pathogenesis, progression and consequences of EC. METHODS For the genetic correlation analyses, a two-sample of Mendelian randomization (MR) study was applied to investigate inflammation-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms involved with endometrial cancer from GWAS databases. The observational retrospective study included consecutive patients diagnosed with EC (stage I to IV) with surgeries between January 2010 and October 2020 at the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College. RESULTS The 2-sample MR surveys indicated no causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and endometrial cancer. 780 cases (median age, 55.0 years ) diagnosed with EC were included in the cohort and followed up for an average of 6.8 years. Increased inflammatory parameters at baseline were associated with a higher FIGO stage and invasive EC risk (odds ratios [OR] 1.01 to 4.20). Multivariate-cox regression suggested that multiple inflammatory indicators were significantly associated with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P < 0.05). Nomogram models based on inflammatory risk and clinical factors were developed for OS and PFS with C-index of 0.811 and 0.789, respectively. LASSO regression for the validation supported the predictive efficacy of inflammatory and clinical factors on the long-term outcomes of EC. CONCLUSIONS Despite the fact that the genetic surveys did not show a detrimental impact of inflammatory cytokines on the endometrial cancer risk, our cohort study suggested that inflammatory level was associated with the progression and long-term outcomes of EC. This evidence may contribute to new strategies targeted at decreasing inflammation levels during EC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yaozhen Lai
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zebiao Ma
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Luanhong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Pier Luigi Fiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giampiero Capobianco
- Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
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Tang M, Dang P, Liu T, Yang K, Wang Y, Tse G, Liu H, Liu Y, Chan JSK, Liu C, Li G. Risk factors and outcomes of pericardial effusion in cancer patients receiving PD-1 inhibitors. Int J Cardiol 2024; 407:132029. [PMID: 38583590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors can induce various adverse reactions associated with immunity, of which cardiotoxicity is a serious complication. Limited research exists on the link between PD-1 inhibitor use and pericardial effusion (PE) occurrence and outcomes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from 2017 to 2019, comparing cancer patients who developed PE within 2 years after PD-1 inhibitor therapy to those who did not. Our primary outcome was the all-cause mortality rate at one year. We applied the Kaplan-Meier method for survival analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was utilized to identify PE risk factors, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 91 patients were finally included, of whom 39 patients had PE. Compared to non-PE group, one-year all-cause mortality was nearly 5 times higher in PE group (64.10% vs. 13.46%, P < 0.001). Patients who developed PE within 2 years of taking PD-1 inhibitors were significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality compared with those who did not (HR: 6.26, 95%CI: 2.70-14.53, P < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression showed that use of sintilimab (OR: 14.568, 95%CI: 3.431-61.857, P < 0.001), history of lung cancer (OR: 15.360, 95%CI: 3.276-72.017, P = 0.001), and history of hypocalcemia (OR: 7.076, 95%CI: 1.879-26.649, P = 0.004) were independent risk factors of PE development in patients received PD-1 inhibitors therapy. CONCLUSIONS In cancer patients receiving PD-1 inhibitors, PE was associated with higher one-year mortality. Use of sintilimab, and history of lung cancer or hypocalcemia were linked to PE occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Surgical Critical Care and Life Support (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Peizhu Dang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Surgical Critical Care and Life Support (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Surgical Critical Care and Life Support (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Surgical Critical Care and Life Support (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Gary Tse
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Epidemiology Research Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, PowerHealth Limited, Hong Kong, China; School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Biobank of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Biobank of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan
- Cardio-Oncology Research Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, PowerHealth Research Institute, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Surgical Critical Care and Life Support (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.
| | - Guoliang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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15
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Berzins NJ, Mackenzie M, Galantino ML, Pickles N, Hebbel S, Leonard T, Beneck D, Peterson M. Preliminary Effectiveness Study of a Community-Based Wellness Coaching for Cancer Survivors Program. Am J Lifestyle Med 2024; 18:465-474. [PMID: 39262887 PMCID: PMC11384845 DOI: 10.1177/15598276221076040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Substantial cancer burden may be prevented through lifestyle modifications. The purpose of this study was to determine the preliminary effectiveness of health coaching for the improvement of health, fitness, and overall well-being of cancer survivors in a community setting. METHODS Participants were recruited from Cancer Support Community Delaware locations. Health coaching was provided to people diagnosed with cancer anywhere along the survivorship continuum. Coaches provided 6 individual sessions. Surveys were sent pre- and post-intervention on topics including fitness, eating habits, sleep, perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Results were analyzed using multilevel modeling. RESULTS 48 participants completed an average of 85% of health coaching sessions. Coaching participants noted improvements in weekly physical activity frequency, including moderate-vigorous physical activity. Increases were found in healthy eating behavior. Participants reported improvements in the quality of their sleep, including changes in sleep duration and sleep efficiency. Significant reductions were found in perceived stress, anxiety, and depression. Importantly, participants reported improved quality of life, particularly in areas of physical and emotional well-being, as well as functional and total well-being. CONCLUSION Preliminary findings indicate significant behavior change in measured outcomes and suggest health coaching may be an important tool for cancer survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary Lou Galantino
- Stockton University, Galloway, NJ, USA
- University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Sean Hebbel
- Cancer Support Community Delaware, Wilmington, DE, USA
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16
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Paulino E, Marquarte Santana L, Gomes de Mesquita G, de Melo AC. Is p53 immunohistochemistry alone useful for delineating adjuvant endometrial treatment in low-middle-income countries? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 298:192-196. [PMID: 38788535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endometrial cancer (EC) treatment changed substantially with the introduction of molecular classification. Low-middle income (LMIC) countries will face barriers to including molecular classification to guide treatment. This study aims to analyse the value of p53 immunohistochemistry to delineate adjuvant treatment in FIGO stages I and II. METHODS Patients with EC treated between 2010 and 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients included in this analysis must have reviewed FIGO stage I/II high-grade histologies (endometrioid grade 3, serous, clear cell, carcinosarcoma, mixed and undifferentiated). Samples were subjected to p53 immunohistochemistry. Recurrence-free and overall survival were analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed for multivariable analysis. RESULTS From 2010 to 2016, 265 patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients with aberrant p53 (71.4 %) were associated with older age (59.7 % vs 77.8 % with more than 60 years), relapse (12.5 vs 29.6 %) and death (22.2 vs 46.7 %). The pattern of relapse was not different, with most being at extrapelvic sites (55.5 % vs 62.3 % for p53 wild type and aberrant, respectively). The median overall survival was not reached versus 92.2 months for p53 wild type and aberrant, respectively (p = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, chemotherapy decreased death (p = 0.014) in p53 aberrant tumours, a benefit not seen in the wild-type cohort (p = 0.22). CONCLUSION This retrospective analysis corroborates the finding of worse outcomes for p53 aberrant tumours in stage I/II EC and the benefit of more aggressive adjuvant treatment (systemic therapy and radiotherapy). Although not ideal as a sole molecular marker, p53 immunohistochemistry could complement the classical anatomopathological features and be part of the decision-making process with patients in LMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Paulino
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Oncologia D'OR, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luana Marquarte Santana
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Oncologia D'OR, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Andreia Cristina de Melo
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Grupo Oncoclinicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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17
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Naciri I, Andrade-Ludena MD, Yang Y, Kong M, Sun S. An emerging link between lncRNAs and cancer sex dimorphism. Hum Genet 2024; 143:831-842. [PMID: 38095719 PMCID: PMC11176266 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence and progression of cancer differ in males and females, and thus, sexual dimorphism in tumor development directly impacts clinical research and medicine. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as important players in gene expression and various cellular processes, including cancer development and progression. In recent years, lncRNAs have been implicated in the differences observed in cancer incidence, progression, and treatment responses between men and women. Here, we present a brief overview of the current knowledge regarding the role of lncRNAs in cancer sex dimorphism, focusing on how they affect epigenetic processes in male and female mammalian cells. We discuss the potential mechanisms by which lncRNAs may contribute to sex differences in cancer, including transcriptional control of sex chromosomes, hormonal signaling pathways, and immune responses. We also propose strategies for studying lncRNA functions in cancer sex dimorphism. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in cancer research and the need to investigate the role lncRNAs play in mediating these sex differences. In summary, we highlight the emerging link between lncRNAs and cancer sex dimorphism and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikrame Naciri
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Maria D Andrade-Ludena
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Mei Kong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Sha Sun
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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18
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Ota E, Nagasaki T, Akiyoshi T, Mukai T, Hiyoshi Y, Yamaguchi T, Fukunaga Y. Incidence and risk factors of bowel dysfunction after minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery and discrepancies between the Wexner score and the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score. Surg Today 2024; 54:763-770. [PMID: 38170223 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-023-02789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bowel dysfunction after sphincter-preserving-surgery (SPS) impacts quality of life. The Wexner score (WS) and the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score (LS) are instruments for assessing postoperative bowel dysfunction. We analyzed the incidence of and risk factors for each symptom and examined the discrepancies between the two scores. METHODS A total of 142 patients with rectal cancer, who underwent minimally invasive SPS between May, 2018 and July, 2019, were included. A questionnaire survey using the two scores was given to the patients 2 years after SPS. RESULTS Tumor location and preoperative radiotherapy were independent risk factors for major LARS. Intersphincteric resection with a hand-sewn anastomosis (HSA) was an independent risk factor for high WS. Among the patients who underwent HSA, 82% experienced incontinence for liquid stools, needed to wear pads, and suffered lifestyle alterations. Of the 35 patients with minor LARS, only 1 had a high WS, and 80.0% reported no lifestyle alterations. Among the 75 patients with major LARS, 58.7% had a low WS and 21.3% reported no lifestyle alterations. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide practical data to help patients understand potential bowel dysfunction after SPS. The discrepancies between the WS and LS were clarified, and further efforts are required to utilize these scores in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Ota
- Gastroenterological Center, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nagasaki
- Gastroenterological Center, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Takashi Akiyoshi
- Gastroenterological Center, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mukai
- Gastroenterological Center, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Hiyoshi
- Gastroenterological Center, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamaguchi
- Gastroenterological Center, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yosuke Fukunaga
- Gastroenterological Center, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
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Shi M. The Efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum Extracts on Treating Endometrial Cancer: A Network Pharmacology Approach. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1881-1894. [PMID: 38448739 PMCID: PMC11217070 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (GL) is a prominent medicinal mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine, known for its potent antitumor properties. This study aimed to illustrate the efficacy of GL extracts (GLE) on treating endometrial cancer (EC) and explore the underlying mechanisms via network pharmacology and experimental validation. Network pharmacological analysis was conducted to explore the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of GL on EC. In vitro experimental validation was performed on human endometrial cancer cell lines HEC-1-A and KLE. Network pharmacology revealed that key targets of GL against EC were primarily associated with the Rap1 signaling pathway. In in vitro experiments, GLE or GGTI-298 (a GTPase inhibitor) treatment inhibited cell proliferation and migration, promoted cell apoptosis, increased caspase-3 level, and arrested cell cycle in G1 phase in HEC-1-A and KLE cells. GLE increased the protein expression of Rap1-GTP, p-AKT, and p-ERK2 in HEC-1-A and KLE cells. Moreover, GGTI-298 enhanced the effects of GLE on suppressing the malignant progression of EC cells and on activating Rap1 signaling pathway. GLE inhibited the malignant progression of EC cells probably via activating the Rap1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Putuo Hospital, Zhoushan, 316100, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Liu J, Tan YY, Zheng W, Wang Y, Ju LA, Su QP. Nanoscale insights into hematology: super-resolved imaging on blood cell structure, function, and pathology. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:363. [PMID: 38910248 PMCID: PMC11194919 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence nanoscopy, also known as super-resolution microscopy, has transcended the conventional resolution barriers and enabled visualization of biological samples at nanometric resolutions. A series of super-resolution techniques have been developed and applied to investigate the molecular distribution, organization, and interactions in blood cells, as well as the underlying mechanisms of blood-cell-associated diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of various fluorescence nanoscopy technologies, outlining their current development stage and the challenges they are facing in terms of functionality and practicality. We specifically explore how these innovations have propelled forward the analysis of thrombocytes (platelets), erythrocytes (red blood cells) and leukocytes (white blood cells), shedding light on the nanoscale arrangement of subcellular components and molecular interactions. We spotlight novel biomarkers uncovered by fluorescence nanoscopy for disease diagnosis, such as thrombocytopathies, malignancies, and infectious diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the technological hurdles and chart out prospective avenues for future research directions. This review aims to underscore the significant contributions of fluorescence nanoscopy to the field of blood cell analysis and disease diagnosis, poised to revolutionize our approach to exploring, understanding, and managing disease at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Yuping Yolanda Tan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Wen Zheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
| | - Lining Arnold Ju
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Qian Peter Su
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia.
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Ludgate ME, Masetti G, Soares P. The relationship between the gut microbiota and thyroid disorders. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-01003-w. [PMID: 38906998 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Disorders of the thyroid gland are common, more prevalent in women than in men, and range from inflammatory to neoplastic lesions. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) affect 2-5% of the population, while thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy. Treatment for AITD is still restricted to management rather than prevention or cure. Progress has been made in identifying genetic variants that predispose to AITD and thyroid cancer, but the increasing prevalence of all thyroid disorders indicates that factors other than genes are involved. The gut microbiota, which begins to develop before birth, is highly sensitive to diet and the environment, providing a potential mechanism for non-communicable diseases to become communicable. Its functions extend beyond maintenance of gut integrity: the gut microbiota regulates the immune system, contributes to thyroid hormone metabolism and can generate or catabolize carcinogens, all of which are relevant to AITD and thyroid cancer. Observational and interventional studies in animal models support a role for the gut microbiota in AITD, which has been confirmed in some reports from human cohorts, although considerable geographic variation is apparent. Reports of a role for the microbiota in thyroid cancer are more limited, but evidence supports a relationship between gut dysbiosis and thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula Soares
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto (I3S), Porto, Portugal
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22
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Xu H, Tian J, Li L, Liu F, Ren Y, Guo G, Peng Q. Risk factors for the outcome and prognosis of multiple myeloma patients with pathological fractures undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:2946-2956. [PMID: 39005668 PMCID: PMC11236776 DOI: 10.62347/vfdm5811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the clinical features affecting the outcome and prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) associated with spinal fractures. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 194 MM patients with pathologic thoracic or lumbar spine fractures admitted to Dongying People's Hospital from April 2005 to February 2021. Patients were categorized into effective and ineffective groups based on post-treatment pain scores and mobility to analyze the influencing factors on the efficacy. Univariate analysis showed that age ≥60 years, number of vertebral fractures ≥2, and conservative treatment were associated with the outcomes. The number of vertebral fractures ≥2 (OR=2.198, P=0.034) and conservative treatment (OR=1.685, P=0.012) were identified as independent risk factors. In addition, survival curves were depicted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and independent risk factors affecting 2-year survival included efficacy (HR=17.924, P<0.001), age (HR=3.544, P=0.003) and International Staging System staging (HR=10.770, P=0.001). Finally, we constructed a high-accuracy prognostic model for predicting 2-year survival of MM patients with pathologic fractures (AUC=0.756). In conclusion, this study identified independent risk factors affecting the outcome and survival of MM patients with morbid fractures by systematically analyzing clinical characteristics and constructing a survival prediction model, thus providing effective guideline for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongying People's Hospital 317 Dongcheng South 1st Road, Dongying District, Dongying 257091, Shandong, China
| | - Jianliang Tian
- Department of Emergency, Dongying People's Hospital 317 Dongcheng South 1st Road, Dongying District, Dongying 257091, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Dongying People's Hospital 317 Dongcheng South 1st Road, Dongying District, Dongying 257091, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Dialysis Room, Dongying People's Hospital 317 Dongcheng South 1st Road, Dongying District, Dongying 257091, Shandong, China
| | - Yuebing Ren
- Department of Spine, Dongying People's Hospital 317 Dongcheng South 1st Road, Dongying District, Dongying 257091, Shandong, China
| | - Guangming Guo
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Jimo Qingdao No. 4 Jianmin Street, Jimo District, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Vascular Proctology Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital 317 Dongcheng South 1st Road, Dongying District, Dongying 257091, Shandong, China
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Wu W, Tian J, Xiao L, Mai H, Saw PE, Zhang M. Strategies for General Practitioners to Enhance Cancer Care: Insights from a Patient-Centered Questionnaire Survey in Southern China. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:2809-2819. [PMID: 38881752 PMCID: PMC11179664 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s460881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of cancer is increasing, and cancer survivors are also growing exponentially. Cancer is defined as a new chronic disease. Nevertheless, the management of cancer in the form of chronic diseases in China is still in its infancy, without a standardized care model. Objective This study aimed to explore the current status of management of cancer care from the patient's perspective. Methods This cross-sectional study was a questionnaire survey of patients diagnosed with cancer, including information of the current situation of daily medical consultation, status of comorbidity, and expectations of seeking cancer care in future. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to explore the factors influencing patients' choice of cancer management mode. Results A total of 200 cancer patients were included in the study. The majority (n = 150) of cancer patients chose an oncologist in a tertiary hospital for cancer care. Difficulty in registration (45%), time-consuming (34.5%), repeated examinations (34.5%) and different treatment opinions (12.0%) were the main difficulties they encountered currently during tertiary hospital visits. In community hospital, lack of trust in general practitioners (n = 33) and the necessary drugs or testing items in community hospitals (n = 47) were the main difficulties during their visits. Logistic regression analysis showed that male (OR = 2.737, 95% CI, 1.332-5.627, p = 0.006) and elderly patients (OR = 3.186, 95% CI, 1.172-8.661, p = 0.023) were more likely to choose general practitioners (GPs) in community hospitals. Twenty-nine (14.5%) patients hope to have an integrated multidisciplinary management in tertiary and community hospitals with the active participation of GPs for cancer care. Conclusion Improving drug availability, equipment and quality of cancer care services can help to increase cancer patients' recognition of community hospital. In addition, the multidisciplinary management integrated tertiary hospitals and communities with the participation of GPs is a worth exploring mode that improves the management of cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Wu
- Department of General Practice, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Practice, Shenshan Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Shanwei, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Tian
- Department of General Practice, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha Xiao
- Department of General Practice, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haochen Mai
- Department of General Practice, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Phei Er Saw
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Nanomaterials, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Practice, Shenshan Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Shanwei, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Guo Y, Li L, Yang K, Song Y, Xu L, Zhao F, Li W. Enhancing prognostic insights: myometrial invasion patterns in endometrial carcinoma, with emphasis on MELF pattern-a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer Prev 2024:00008469-990000000-00153. [PMID: 38870068 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The microcystic, elongated, and fragmented (MELF) pattern, characterized by myxoid and inflamed stroma, is readily identifiable as a form of myometrial infiltration. This meta-analysis endeavors to assess the prognostic significance of MELF infiltration patterns in patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer. METHODS A comprehensive literature search, spanning until 11 October 2023, across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases, identified 23 relevant studies involving 5199 patients. Data analysis was performed using Stata 16.0. RESULTS Analysis indicates that MELF infiltration predicts a higher risk of lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer patients [hazard ratios (HR) = 5.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.62-7.05; P < 0.05]. Notably, this association remains consistent across various patient demographics, analytical approaches, study designs, and treatment modalities. However, MELF infiltration does not significantly correlate with recurrence (HR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.73-1.52; P > 0.05), overall survival (HR = 1.24; 95% CI, 0.91-1.68; P > 0.05), or disease-free survival (HR = 1.40; 95% CI, 0.85-2.28; P > 0.05). CONCLUSION While MELF infiltration heightens the risk of lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer, its impact on recurrence, overall survival, and disease-free survival remains statistically insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luying Li
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University
| | | | | | - Lu Xu
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University
| | | | - Wenting Li
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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25
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Shalaby A, Mahmoud HA, Sayed SG, Al Hashmi K, Al-Sinawi S, Al Badi S, Al Rashdi A, Al Husaini S, Al Badi H, Saad El-Din SA. Evaluation of the Expression EGFR, HER2/NEU and the End Effector ERK of the RAS/RAF/MAP Kinase Pathway in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma for a Possible Role as New Target Therapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:2193-2201. [PMID: 38918683 PMCID: PMC11382872 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.6.2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The alterations of EGFR and HER2/neu as growth factor receptors and the cytoplasmic signal transduction proteins of RAS/RAF/MAP kinases including its end effector molecule (ERK) are important in the carcinogenesis of many tumors. The activation of these protooncogenes in prostate cancer is still under investigation. The aim of this work was to study EGFR, HER2- neu, inactive (non-phosphorylated) and active (phosphorylated) ERK expression in prostatic adenocarcinomas in correlation to the clinical and pathological parameters. METHODS Immunohistochemistry- using tissue microarrays- for EGFR, HER2/neu, non-phosphorylated, and phosphor-ERK, was performed on tissues from 166 patients- with primary prostatic adenocarcinoma with no prior treatment-. The results of different markers expression were correlated with the clinical and pathological parameters and were analyzed statistically. RESULTS The prostatic tissue showed EGFR, HER2 neu, phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated ERK expression in 8.4%, 1.4%, 78.2%, and 83.4% respectively whether low (patchy) or high expression (diffuse). There were no significant correlations found between patient characteristics and expression of the tested markers. The negative immune reactivity for non-phosphorylated ERK and EGFR- was significantly correlated with high tumor stage (p values 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION EGFR and HER2/neu may play a limited role in prostatic adenocarcinoma as they showed positive expression in a limited number of the examined tissues specifically HER2neu. The expression of non-phosphorylated ERK (mostly weak to moderate) and phosphorylated ERK (mostly moderate to strong)- was appreciated in most cases. Thus, we suggest that anti-EGFR drugs may have a limited role in the treatment of castrate-resistant prostate cancer, but anti-MEK/ERK drugs may have more promising role as a target therapy. It is recommended to perform further molecular testing to elucidate the exact mechanism and significance of these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asem Shalaby
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Heba A Mahmoud
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shayma G Sayed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Khalid Al Hashmi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shadia Al-Sinawi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Suad Al Badi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Afrah Al Rashdi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Samya Al Husaini
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hajer Al Badi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Somaia Ahmed Saad El-Din
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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Peng L, Gao Y, Cao Z, Pang Y. Identification of a disulfidptosis-related prognostic signature for prediction of the effect of treatment in patients with endometrial carcinoma. CANCER INNOVATION 2024; 3:e120. [PMID: 38947753 PMCID: PMC11212335 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Disulfide, an essential compounds family, has diverse biological activity and can affect the dynamic balance between physiological and pathological states. A recently published study found that aberrant accumulation of disulfide had a lethal effect on cells. This mechanism of cell death, named disulfidptosis, differs from other known cell death mechanisms, including cuproptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. The relationship between disulfidptosis and development of cancer, in particular endometrial carcinoma, remains unclear. Methods To address this knowledge gap, we performed a preliminary analysis of samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The samples were divided equally into a training group and a test group. A total of 2308 differentially expressed genes were extracted, and 11 were used to construct a prognostic model. Results Based on the risk score calculated using the prognostic model, the samples were divided into a high-risk group and a low-risk group. Survival time, tumor mutation burden, and microsatellite instability scores differed significantly between the two groups. Furthermore, a between-group difference in treatment effect was predicted. Comparison with other models in the literature indicated that this prognostic model had better predictive anility. Conclusion The results of this study provide a general framework for understanding the relationship between disulfidptosis and endometrial cancer that could be used for clinical evaluation and selection of appropriate personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of Clinical MedicineMedical School of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Clinical MedicineMedical School of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Zifeng Cao
- Medical Integration and Practice CenterMedical School of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yingxin Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
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Akdöner A, Kurt S, Yavuz O, Bayram E, Üresin M, Ulukuş EÇ. Effect of low uterine segment involvement on prognosis of early stage endometrial cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2024; 50:991-1001. [PMID: 38575743 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM Our aim is to investigate the effect of uterine lower segment involvement on prognosis of early-stage endometrial cancer cases diagnosed and treated in our clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS The file records of 316 cases reviewed retrospectively.Only stage I (a and b, n=209) cases were investigated, because they were more homogeneous group. RESULTS The lymphovascular invasion rate was found to be higher in patients with stage Ia and uterine lower segment involvement (p < 0.001). Adjuvant treatment requirement was higher in patients with stage Ia and uterine lower segment involvement (p < 0.001). Among stage Ia cases, the recurrence rate between 1 and 3 years was found to be higher in cases with uterine lower segment involvement (p = 0.001). Among the stage Ib cases, lymphovascular invasion was found to be higher in cases with uterine lower segment involvement (p < 0.001). The recurrence rate between 1 and 3 years was found to be higher in stage Ib compared to Ia (p = 0.01). Uterine lower segment involvement was found to be associated with high lymphovascular invasion rate in all stage I cases (p < 0.001). It was determined that the need for adjuvant treatment was higher in cases with uterine lower segment involvement (p < 0.001). It was determined that the probability of recurrence between 1 and 3 years was higher in cases with uterine lower segment involvement (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Uterine lower segment involvement is associated with increased lymphovascular invasion even in the early stages. It is an important risk factor for systemic spread such as lymphovascular invasion, myometrial invasion, and lymph node involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Akdöner
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Medical School, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sefa Kurt
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Medical School, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Onur Yavuz
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Medical School, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Emre Bayram
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Medical School, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Merve Üresin
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Medical School, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
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Yang L, Yao C, Su Z, Fang Y, Pandey NK, Amador E, Diao T, Bao G, Cao D, Chen X, Xu X, He B, Zheng Y, Chen W. Combination of disulfiram and Copper-Cysteamine nanoparticles induces mitochondria damage and promotes apoptosis in endometrial cancer. Bioact Mater 2024; 36:96-111. [PMID: 38440322 PMCID: PMC10911931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) stands as one of the most prevalent gynecological malignancies affecting women, with its incidence and disease-related mortality steadily on the rise. Disulfiram (DSF), an FDA-approved medication primarily used for treating alcohol addiction, has exhibited promising anti-tumor properties. Studies have revealed DSF's capacity for enhanced anti-tumor activity, particularly when combined with copper. The novel Copper-Cysteamine (CuCy) compound, Cu3Cl(SR)2 (R[bond, double bond]CH2CH2NH2), showcases photodynamic effects and demonstrates significant anti-tumor potential under various conditions, including exposure to ultraviolet light, X-ray, microwave, and ultrasound. This study delves into exploring the synergistic anti-tumor effects and underlying mechanisms by utilizing copper-cysteamine in conjunction with DSF against endometrial cancer. The investigation involved comprehensive analyses encompassing in vitro experiments utilizing Ishikawa cells, in vivo studies, and transcriptomic analyses. Remarkably, the combined administration of both compounds at a low dose of 0.5 μM exhibited pronounced efficacy in impeding tumor growth, inhibiting blood vessel formation, and stimulating cell apoptosis. Notably, experiments involving transplanted tumors in nude mice vividly demonstrated the significant in vivo anti-tumor effects of this combination treatment. Detailed examination through transmission electron microscopy unveiled compelling evidence of mitochondrial damage, cellular swelling, and rupture, indicative of apoptotic changes in morphology due to the combined treatment. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis unveiled substantial downregulation of mitochondrial-related genes at the molecular level, coupled with a significant hindrance in the DNA repair pathway. These findings strongly suggest that the combined application of CuCy and DSF induces mitochondrial impairment in Ishikawa cells, thereby fostering apoptosis and ultimately yielding potent anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction and Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cancan Yao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction and Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhenning Su
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction and Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yihao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Nil Kanatha Pandey
- School of CHIPS, Xian-Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76013, USA
| | - Eric Amador
- School of CHIPS, Xian-Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76013, USA
| | - Tian Diao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction and Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guo Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction and Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Derong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Xihua Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction and Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiangbo Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction and Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction and Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of CHIPS, Xian-Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76013, USA
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29
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Xie Y, Su Y, Wang Y, Zhang D, Yu Q, Yan C. Structural clarification of mannoglucan GSBP-2 from Ganoderma sinense and its effects on triple-negative breast cancer migration and invasion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131903. [PMID: 38688342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Ganoderma sinense, known as Lingzhi in China, is a medicinal fungus with anti-tumor properties. Herein, crude polysaccharides (GSB) extracted from G. sinense fruiting bodies were used to selectively inhibit triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. GSBP-2 was purified from GSB, with a molecular weight of 11.5 kDa and a composition of α-l-Fucp-(1→, β-d-Glcp-(1→, β-d-GlcpA-(1→, →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, →3)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→,→6)-β-d-Manp-(1→, and →3,6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→ at a ratio of 1.0:6.3:1.7:5.5:1.5:4.3:8.0:7.9. The anti-MDA-MB-231 cell activity of GSBP-2 was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium, colony formation, scratch wound healing, and transwell migration assays. The results showed that GSBP-2 could selectively inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells through the regulation of genes targeting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (i.e., Snail1, ZEB1, VIM, CDH1, CDH2, and MMP9) in the MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, Western blotting results indicated that GSBP-2 could restrict epithelial-mesenchymal transition by increasing E-cadherin and decreasing N-cadherin expression through the PI3K/Akt pathway. GSBP-2 also suppressed the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In conclusion, GSBP-2 could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells and showed significant anti-angiogenic ability. These findings indicate that GSBP-2 is a promising therapeutic adjuvant for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yifan Su
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yurong Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chunyan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Liu W, Zeng P, Jiang J, Chen J, Chen L, Hu C, Jian W, Diao X, Wang X. Improved PAA algorithm for breast mass detection in mammograms. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 251:108211. [PMID: 38744058 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Mammography screening is instrumental in the early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer by identifying masses in mammograms. With the rapid development of deep learning, numerous deep learning-based object detection algorithms have been explored for mass detection studies. However, these methods often yield a high false positive rate per image (FPPI) while achieving a high true positive rate (TPR). To maintain a higher TPR while also ensuring lower FPPI, we improved the Probability Anchor Assignment (PAA) algorithm to enhance the detection capability for mammographic characteristics with our previous work. We considered three dimensions: the backbone network, feature fusion module, and dense detection heads. The final experiment showed the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the TPR/FPPI values of the final improved PAA algorithm were 0.96/0.56 on the INbreast datasets. Compared to other methods, our method stands distinguished with its effectiveness in addressing the imbalance between positive and negative classes in cases of single lesion detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Liu
- College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengcheng Zeng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China; National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiale Jiang
- Department of Medical lmaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyang Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China; National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Linghao Chen
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 628 Zhenyuan Road, Xinhu Street, Guangming New District, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuting Hu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjing Jian
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianfen Diao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China; National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xianming Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Futian District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
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Desai A, Xiao AH, Choi D, Toruner MD, Walden D, Halfdanarson TR, Alberts S, McWilliams RR, Mahipal A, Ahn D, Babiker H, Stybayeva G, Revzin A, Kizilbash S, Adjei A, Bekaii-Saab T, Mansfield AS, Carr RM, Ma WW. Molecular Characterization and Therapeutic Opportunities in KRAS Wildtype Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1861. [PMID: 38791940 PMCID: PMC11119482 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the molecular characteristics of and potential for precision medicine in KRAS wildtype pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated 27 patients with KRASWT PDAC at our institution. Clinical data were obtained via chart review. Tumor specimens for each subject were interrogated for somatic single nucleotide variants, insertion and deletions, and copy number variants by DNA sequencing. Gene fusions were detected from RNA-seq. A patient-derived organoid (PDO) was developed from a patient with a MET translocation and expanded ex vivo to predict therapeutic sensitivity prior to enrollment in a phase 2 clinical trial. RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis showed our cohort may be stratified by the relative gene expression of the KRAS signaling cascade. The PDO derived from our patient harboring a TFG-MET rearrangement was found to have in vitro sensitivity to the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib. The patient was enrolled in the phase 2 SPARTA clinical trial and received monotherapy with vebrelitinib, a c-MET inhibitor, and achieved a partial and durable response. CONCLUSIONS KRASWT PDAC is molecularly distinct from KRASMUT and enriched with potentially actionable genetic variants. In our study, transcriptomic profiling revealed that the KRAS signaling cascade may play a key role in KRASWT PDAC. Our report of a KRASWT PDAC patient with TFG-MET rearrangement who responded to a cMET inhibitor further supports the pursuit of precision oncology in this sub-population. Identification of targetable mutations, perhaps through approaches like RNA-seq, can help enable precision-driven approaches to select optimal treatment based on tumor characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Desai
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (A.D.); (M.D.T.); (T.R.H.); (S.A.); (R.R.M.); (S.K.)
| | | | - Daheui Choi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (D.C.); (G.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Merih D. Toruner
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (A.D.); (M.D.T.); (T.R.H.); (S.A.); (R.R.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Daniel Walden
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (D.W.); (D.A.); (T.B.-S.)
| | - Thorvardur R. Halfdanarson
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (A.D.); (M.D.T.); (T.R.H.); (S.A.); (R.R.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Steven Alberts
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (A.D.); (M.D.T.); (T.R.H.); (S.A.); (R.R.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Robert R. McWilliams
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (A.D.); (M.D.T.); (T.R.H.); (S.A.); (R.R.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Amit Mahipal
- Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Daniel Ahn
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (D.W.); (D.A.); (T.B.-S.)
| | - Hani Babiker
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Gulnaz Stybayeva
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (D.C.); (G.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (D.C.); (G.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Sani Kizilbash
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (A.D.); (M.D.T.); (T.R.H.); (S.A.); (R.R.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Alex Adjei
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Tanios Bekaii-Saab
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (D.W.); (D.A.); (T.B.-S.)
| | - Aaron S. Mansfield
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (A.D.); (M.D.T.); (T.R.H.); (S.A.); (R.R.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Ryan M. Carr
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (A.D.); (M.D.T.); (T.R.H.); (S.A.); (R.R.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Wen Wee Ma
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
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Zribi A, Al Riyami K, Al Zahibi HS, Burney IA. Managing the Adverse Events Associated with Pembrolizumab and Lenvatinib Therapy in Endometrial Cancer. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2024; 24:293-297. [PMID: 38828252 PMCID: PMC11139379 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.9.2023.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecological cancer. The combination of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab has exhibited efficacy as the second line treatment for advanced EC, with a significant benefit in terms of progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival, but the adverse events (AE) profile is complex. AEs associated with the treatment may represent a limitation to this combination. Here, we report the case of a 38-year-old female patient diagnosed with stage IV EC elsewhere, whose disease progressed after the first line of treatment and was referred to a specialised cacncer centre in Muscat, Oman, in 2021. We treated her with the combination of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab. During the course of the treatment, she developed hand-foot syndrome grade III and hypothyroidism grade II. The AEs were managed with supportive medications, dose interruptions, dose reductions and multidisciplinary care, which allowed the continuation of the treatment. The patient achieved a good partial response and an ongoing PFS of more than 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Zribi
- Women Health Program, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman
| | - Khulood Al Riyami
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hajar S. Al Zahibi
- Women Health Program, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ikram A. Burney
- Women Health Program, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman
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Hosseinzadeh A, Alinaghian N, Sheibani M, Seirafianpour F, Naeini AJ, Mehrzadi S. Melatonin: Current evidence on protective and therapeutic roles in gynecological diseases. Life Sci 2024; 344:122557. [PMID: 38479596 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin, a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger, has been demonstrated to be effective in gynecological conditions and female reproductive cancers. This review consolidates the accumulating evidence on melatonin's multifaceted protective effects in different pathological contexts. In gynecological conditions such as endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and uterine leiomyoma, melatonin has shown promising effects in reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and hormonal imbalances. It inhibits adhesion molecules' production, and potentially mitigates leukocyte adherence and inflammatory responses. Melatonin's regulatory effects on hormone production and insulin sensitivity in PCOS individuals make it a promising candidate for improving oocyte quality and menstrual irregularities. Moreover, melatonin exhibits significant antitumor effects by modulating various signaling pathways, promoting apoptosis, and suppressing metastasis in breast cancers and gynecological cancers, including ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers. Furthermore, melatonin's protective effects are suggested to be mediated by interactions with its receptors, estrogen receptors and other nuclear receptors. The regulation of clock-related genes and circadian clock systems may also contribute to its inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth. However, more comprehensive research is warranted to fully elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and establish melatonin as a potential therapeutic agent for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Alinaghian
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sheibani
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Jamshidi Naeini
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Somasegar S, Reddy RA, Chow S, Dorigo O, Renz M, Karam A. Trends in ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer incidence, mortality, and survival: A 15-year population-based analysis. Gynecol Oncol 2024; 184:190-197. [PMID: 38330833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize trends in ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer incidence and incidence-based mortality based on histology and site of origin. METHODS We obtained age-adjusted incidence and incidence-based mortality for patients with ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer from 2000 to 2019 from the US SEER 17 database. Joinpoint 4.9.1.0 was used to characterize log-linear time trends. RESULTS The incidence and incidence-based mortality of all cancers trended down during the study period. The incidence of epithelial cancers decreased from 2004 to 2019 (AAPC -1.2%, p < 0.001), including that of high-grade (2006-2019: APC -1.2%, p < 0.05) and low-grade (2003-2019: APC -2.4%, p < 0.05) epithelial cancers. There was no change in incidence or incidence-based mortality for ovarian stromal and germ cell cancers. CONCLUSION There has been a decrease in the incidence and incidence-based mortality of ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer, primarily due to reductions in advanced stage epithelial cancers originating in the ovary, fallopian tube, or peritoneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Somasegar
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America.
| | - Ravali A Reddy
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Chow
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Oliver Dorigo
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Malte Renz
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Amer Karam
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
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Burney IA, Al Ghafri S, Al Noumani J, Al Jabri A, Hasan AO, Bella S, Al-Sayegh H, Al Ajmi R, Al Kalbani M. Clinicopathological Features and Outcomes of Endometrial Cancer: A single institution experience. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2024; 24:203-208. [PMID: 38828257 PMCID: PMC11139370 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.3.2024.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to report the demographic features, clinical presentation, pathological types and long-term outcomes of patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer (EC) in Oman. EC is the sixth most common cancer in women worldwide and the fifth most common cancer in women in Oman. Survival outcomes of EC have not been reported previously from Oman. Methods This retrospective study was carried out on consecutive patients treated at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, between 2008 and 2020. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan and Meier method. Results A total of 50 patients with EC were included. The median age was 61 years (range: 31-86 years), and 72% of the patients had type I histology. Most patients were diagnosed with stage IA and IB EC (49% and 20%, respectively), and the majority had grade 1 or 2 tumours (40% and 34%, respectively). Overall, the 5-year survival and 10-year survival rates were estimated to be 70% and 56%, respectively. Weight (>75 kg) and body mass index (>30 kg/m2) were significantly associated with better survival. Tumour histology (type I versus type II or carcinosarcoma), grade (1 versus 2 versus 3) and stage (IA or IB versus II-IV) were associated with better overall survival (P = 0.007, P <0.0001 and P <0.0003, respectively). Patients diagnosed with EC with co-morbidities, other than obesity, had inferior survival compared to those without co-morbidities. Conclusion Median age at presentation, histological sub-type, clinical stage and outcomes are comparable to the published literature. Almost two-thirds of the patients were obese. These data could be used as a benchmark for outcomes of EC in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram A. Burney
- Women Health Program, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Center, Muscat, Oman
| | | | | | - Anisa Al Jabri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Anjum O. Hasan
- Women Health Program, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Center, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sarya Bella
- Women Health Program, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Center, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hasan Al-Sayegh
- Department of Research Laboratories, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Center, Muscat, Oman
| | - Radhiya Al Ajmi
- Pathology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Moza Al Kalbani
- Women Health Program, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Center, Muscat, Oman
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Dantas AAG, de Oliveira NPD, Costa GAB, Martins LFL, Dos Santos JEM, Migowski A, de Camargo Cancela M, de Souza DLB. Multilevel analysis of social determinants of advanced stage colorectal cancer diagnosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9667. [PMID: 38671078 PMCID: PMC11053035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The advanced stage at diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) may be related to individual factors, socioeconomic conditions, and healthcare service availability. The objective of the study was to analyze the prevalence of advanced stage CRC at the time of diagnosis and its association with individual, contextual, socioeconomic, and healthcare service indicators. An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted, analyzing cases of malignant neoplasms of the colon and rectum in individuals of both sexes, aged between 18 and 99 years, diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 in Brazil (n = 69,047). Data were collected from the Hospital Cancer Registry (HCR), Atlas of Human Development in Brazil, and from the National Registry of Health Institutions (NRHI). A Multilevel Poisson Regression model with random intercept was used. The prevalence of advanced stage CRC at diagnosis was 65.6%. Advanced stage was associated with older age groups prevalence ratio (PR) 4.40 and younger age groups (PR 1.84), low Human Development Index (HDI) (PR 1.22), and low density of family health strategy teams (PR 1.10). The study highlights the unequal distribution of social determinants of health in the diagnosis CRC in Brazil, revealing the need to evaluate and redirect public policies aimed at improving early detection and prevention of CRC in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guilherme Augusto Barcello Costa
- Graduate Program in Oncology, Research and Innovation Coordination, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luís Felipe Leite Martins
- Surveillance and Situation Analysis Division, Prevention and Surveillance Coordination (CONPREV), National Cancer Institute (INCA), Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jonas Eduardo Monteiro Dos Santos
- Surveillance and Situation Analysis Division, Prevention and Surveillance Coordination (CONPREV), National Cancer Institute (INCA), Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arn Migowski
- Division of Clinical Research and Technological Development, Research and Innovation Coordination, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Professional Master's Program in Health Technology Assessment, Education and Research Coordination, National Institute of Cardiology (INC), Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marianna de Camargo Cancela
- Graduate Program in Oncology, Research and Innovation Coordination, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dyego Leandro Bezerra de Souza
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil.
- Methodology, Methods, Models and Results in Health and Social Sciences Research Group (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Well-Being. Health and Social Care Research Center (CESS), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain.
- Public Health Department, Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 1787 Senador Salgado Filho Ave., Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59010-000, Brazil.
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Pięta B, Bień A, Pięta M, Żurawska J, Rzymski P, Wilczak M. Eating Behaviors and Physical Activity versus the Big Five Personality Traits in Women with a Hereditary Predisposition to Breast or Ovarian Cancer. Nutrients 2024; 16:1244. [PMID: 38674934 PMCID: PMC11053837 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Big Five personality traits-neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness-represent continuous, individual features that affect a number of vital health aspects, including morbidity, self-reported health status, or lifestyle. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the eating behaviors and engagement in physical activity of women with a hereditary predisposition to breast or ovarian cancer and the Big Five personality traits. A total of 357 women, participants of 'The National Program for Families With Genetic/Familial High Risk for Cancer', were included in the study. In the healthy group, the following statistically significant predictors were found in variables: agreeableness-meal frequency (β = 0.151; p = 0.030); neuroticism-consumption of fruits and vegetables (β = -0.177; p = 0.016) and cereal products (β = -0.223; p = 0.002); openness to experience-consumption of plant-based fats (β = 0.141; p = 0.034) and physical activity (β = 0.153; p = 0.021). In the cancer group, the frequency of dairy consumption (β = 0.286; p = 0.003) and physical activity (β = 0.370; p = 0.000) were found to be statistically significant predictors for the openness to experience variable. Neuroticism is associated with less frequent consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables as well as cereal products. Openness to experience was more often linked with a higher frequency of dairy consumption, plant-based fats, and physical activity. Women with breast or ovarian cancer and a higher openness to experience consumed dairy and engaged in physical activity more often than their peers with the remaining personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Pięta
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (B.P.); (J.Ż.); (P.R.); (M.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Bień
- Chair of Obstetrics Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 4/6 Staszica Street, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michalina Pięta
- University Clinical Hospital in Poznan, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Joanna Żurawska
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (B.P.); (J.Ż.); (P.R.); (M.W.)
| | - Paweł Rzymski
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (B.P.); (J.Ż.); (P.R.); (M.W.)
| | - Maciej Wilczak
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (B.P.); (J.Ż.); (P.R.); (M.W.)
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Ji P, He J. Prognostic value of pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis. Biomark Med 2024; 18:345-356. [PMID: 38623927 PMCID: PMC11218804 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The present work focused on evaluating the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) for its role in predicting endometrial cancer (EC) patient prognosis by meta-analysis. Methods: SII's role in predicting the prognosis of EC patients was analyzed by calculating combined hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. Results: As revealed by combined analysis, an increased SII predicted poor overall survival (HR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.58-2.57; p < 0.001) as well as inferior progression-free survival (HR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.36-2.58; p < 0.001) of EC. Conclusion: An increased SII score significantly predicted poor overall survival and progression-free survival in subjects with EC. The SII is suitable for predicting short- and long-term prognoses of patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtian Ji
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Junjun He
- Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Iavarone I, Molitierno R, Fumiento P, Vastarella MG, Napolitano S, Vietri MT, De Franciscis P, Ronsini C. MicroRNA Expression in Endometrial Cancer: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Implications. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:486. [PMID: 38541212 PMCID: PMC10972089 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: An extracellular vesicle is part of a class of submicron particles derived from cells, mediating cellular crosstalk through microRNA (miRNA). MiRNA is a group of RNA molecules, each of which consists of 15-22 nucleotides and post-transcriptionally modulates gene expression. The complementary mRNAs-onto which the miRNAs hybridize-are involved in processes such as implantation, tumor suppression, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis that define the entire tumor microenvironment. The endometrial biopsy is a standard technique used to recognize cellular atypia, but other non-invasive markers may reduce patient discomfort during the use of invasive methods. The present study aims to examine the distribution and the regulation of the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and EV-derived substances in women with endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect databases in April 2023, adopted the string "Endometrial Neoplasms AND Exosomes", and followed the recommendations in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. We selected all the studies that included patients with endometrial cancer and that described the regulation of miRNA molecules in that context. The differences in molecule expression between patients and controls were evaluated as significant when the proteins had a fold change of ±1.5. Results: Seventeen records fulfilled the inclusion criteria: a total of 371 patients and 273 controls were analyzed. The upregulated molecules that had the widest delta between endometrial cancer patients and controls-relative expression ≥ 1 > 3 log2(ratio)-were miR-20b-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-15a-5p, and miR-320a. In particular, miR-20b-5p and miR-204-5p were extracted from both serum and endometrial specimens, whereas miR-15a-5p was only isolated from plasma, and miR-320a was only extracted from the endometrial specimens. In parallel, the most downregulated miRNA in the endometrial cancer patients compared to the healthy subjects was miR-320a, which was found in the endometrial specimens. Conclusions: Although their epigenetic regulation remains unknown, these upregulated molecules derived from EVs are feasible markers for the early detection of endometrial cancer. The modulation of these miRNA molecules should be assessed during different treatments or if recurrence develops in response to a targeted treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Iavarone
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Rossella Molitierno
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Pietro Fumiento
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Vastarella
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Stefania Napolitano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Vietri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pasquale De Franciscis
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Carlo Ronsini
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (R.M.); (P.F.); (M.G.V.); (P.D.F.)
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Tian M, Wu R, Xiang C, Niu G, Guan W. Recent Advances in Fluorescent Probes for Cancer Biomarker Detection. Molecules 2024; 29:1168. [PMID: 38474680 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Many important biological species have been identified as cancer biomarkers and are gradually becoming reliable targets for early diagnosis and late therapeutic evaluation of cancer. However, accurate quantitative detection of cancer biomarkers remains challenging due to the complexity of biological systems and the diversity of cancer development. Fluorescent probes have been extensively utilized for identifying biological substances due to their notable benefits of being non-invasive, quickly responsive, highly sensitive and selective, allowing real-time visualization, and easily modifiable. This review critiques fluorescent probes used for detecting and imaging cancer biomarkers over the last five years. Focuses are made on the design strategies of small-molecule and nano-sized fluorescent probes, the construction methods of fluorescence sensing and imaging platforms, and their further applications in detection of multiple biomarkers, including enzymes, reactive oxygen species, reactive sulfur species, and microenvironments. This review aims to guide the design and development of excellent cancer diagnostic fluorescent probes, and promote the broad application of fluorescence analysis in early cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingce Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Institute of Smart Energy, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Riliga Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Caihong Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guangle Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weijiang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Gampala S, Moon HR, Wireman R, Peil J, Kiran S, Mitchell DK, Brewster K, Mang H, Masters A, Bach C, Smith-Kinnamen W, Doud EH, Rai R, Mosley AL, Quinney SK, Clapp DW, Hamdouchi C, Wikel J, Zhang C, Han B, Georgiadis MM, Kelley MR, Fishel ML. New Ref-1/APE1 targeted inhibitors demonstrating improved potency for clinical applications in multiple cancer types. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107092. [PMID: 38311014 PMCID: PMC10962275 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
AP endonuclease-1/Redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1 or Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein that is overexpressed in most aggressive cancers and impacts various cancer cell signaling pathways. Ref-1's redox activity plays a significant role in activating transcription factors (TFs) such as NFκB, HIF1α, STAT3 and AP-1, which are crucial contributors to the development of tumors and metastatic growth. Therefore, development of potent, selective inhibitors to target Ref-1 redox function is an appealing approach for therapeutic intervention. A first-generation compound, APX3330 successfully completed phase I clinical trial in adults with progressing solid tumors with favorable response rate, pharmacokinetics (PK), and minimal toxicity. These positive results prompted us to develop more potent analogs of APX3330 to effectively target Ref-1 in solid tumors. In this study, we present structure-activity relationship (SAR) identification and validation of lead compounds that exhibit a greater potency and a similar or better safety profile to APX3330. In order to triage and characterize the most potent and on-target second-generation Ref-1 redox inhibitors, we assayed for PK, mouse and human S9 fraction metabolic stability, in silico ADMET properties, ligand-based WaterLOGSY NMR measurements, pharmacodynamic markers, cell viability in multiple cancer cell types, and two distinct 3-dimensional (3D) cell killing assays (Tumor-Microenvironment on a Chip and 3D spheroid). To characterize the effects of Ref-1 inhibition in vivo, global proteomics was used following treatment with the top four analogs. This study identified and characterized more potent inhibitors of Ref-1 redox function (that outperformed APX3330 by 5-10-fold) with PK studies demonstrating efficacious doses for translation to clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpa Gampala
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hye-Ran Moon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Randall Wireman
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jacqueline Peil
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sonia Kiran
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Dana K Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kylee Brewster
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Henry Mang
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Andi Masters
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Clinical Pharmacology Analytical Core, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Christine Bach
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Clinical Pharmacology Analytical Core, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Whitney Smith-Kinnamen
- Center for Proteome Analysis, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Emma H Doud
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Center for Proteome Analysis, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ratan Rai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Amber L Mosley
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Center for Proteome Analysis, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sara K Quinney
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - D Wade Clapp
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chafiq Hamdouchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - James Wikel
- Apexian Pharmaceuticals, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biohealth Informatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bumsoo Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Millie M Georgiadis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mark R Kelley
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Melissa L Fishel
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Arabpour J, Rezaei K, Khojini JY, Razi S, Hayati MJ, Gheibihayat SM. The potential role and mechanism of circRNAs in Ferroptosis: A comprehensive review. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155203. [PMID: 38368664 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Cell death encompasses various mechanisms, including necrosis and apoptosis. Ferroptosis, a unique form of regulated cell death, emerged as a non-apoptotic process reliant on iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Distinguishing itself from other forms of cell death, ferroptosis exhibits distinct morphological, biochemical, and genetic features. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of RNA molecules, play crucial regulatory roles in ferroptosis-mediated pathways and cellular processes. With their circular structure and stability, circRNAs function as microRNA sponges and participate in protein regulation, offering diverse mechanisms for cellular control. Accumulating evidence indicates that circRNAs are key players in diseases associated with ferroptosis, presenting opportunities for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This study explores the regulatory roles of circRNAs in ferroptosis and their potential in diseases such as cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. By investigating the relationship between circRNAs and ferroptosis, this research provides new insights into the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of ferroptosis-related diseases. Furthermore, the therapeutic implications of targeting circRNAs in cancer treatment and the modulation of ferroptosis pathways demonstrate the potential of circRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Overall, understanding the involvement of circRNAs in regulating ferroptosis opens up new avenues for advancements in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Arabpour
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Rezaei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Yaghmoorian Khojini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Shokufeh Razi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hayati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Wu M, Li K, Liao Y, Li L, Xiao X, Chen Y, Guo J, Hu F, Qu J, Wang Z, Feng H. Multi -omics analysis for ferroptosis -related genes as prognostic factors in cutaneous melanoma. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:159-174. [PMID: 38755712 PMCID: PMC11103070 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2024.230401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Melanoma is highly malignant and heterogeneous. It is essential to develop a specific prognostic model for improving the patients' survival and treatment strategies. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis results from the overproduction of lipid peroxidation and is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death. Despite this, ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and their clinical significances remain unknown in malignant melanoma. This study aims to assess the role of FRGs in melanoma, with the goal of developing a novel prognostic model that provides new insights into personalized treatment and improvement of therapeutic outcomes for melanoma. METHODS We systematically characterized the genetic alterations and mRNA expression of 73 FRGs in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) dataset in this study. The results were validated with real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Subsequently, a multi-gene feature model was constructed using the TCGA-SKCM cohort. Melanoma patients were classified into a high-risk group and a low-risk group based on the feature model. As a final step, correlations between ferroptosis-related signatures and immune features, immunotherapy efficacy, or drug response were analyzed. RESULTS By analyzing melanoma samples from TCGA-SKCM dataset, FRGs exhibited a high frequency of genetic mutations and copy number variations (CNVs), significantly impacting gene expression. Additionally, compared with normal skin tissue, 30 genes with significantly differential expression were identified in melanoma tissues. A prognostic model related to FRGs, constructed using the LASSO Cox regression method, identified 13 FRGs associated with overall survival prognosis in patients and was validated with external datasets. Finally, functional enrichment and immune response analysis further indicated significant differences in immune cell infiltration, mutation burden, and hypoxia status between the high-risk group and the low-risk group, and the model was effective in predicting responses to immunotherapy and drug sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS This study develops a strong ferroptosis-related prognostic signature model which could put forward new insights into target therapy and immunotherapy for patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410002.
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410002
| | - Yangying Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410002
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410002
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410002
| | - Yongjian Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410002
| | - Junweichen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410002
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410002
| | - Jing Qu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine), Changsha 410006
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Computer Science, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410002.
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Lyu M, Luo L, Zhou L, Feng X, Yang J, Xu Z, Sun X, Bao Z, Wang X, Gao B, Xiang Y. Emerging trends in the coexistence of primary lung Cancer and hematologic malignancy: a comprehensive analysis of clinicopathological features and genetic abnormalities. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:84. [PMID: 38402182 PMCID: PMC10893654 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of multiple primary cancers (MPC), especially involving primary lung cancer (PLC) and primary hematologic malignancies (PHM), is rising. This study aims to analyze clinicopathological features, gene abnormalities, and prognostic outcomes in individuals diagnosed with PLC-PHM MPC. METHODS A retrospective analysis included 89 patients diagnosed with PLC-PHM MPC at the Respiratory or Hematology Departments of Ruijin Hospital from 2003 to 2022 (a total of 842,047 people). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) assessed lung cancer specimens, while Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and NGS were used for hematologic malignancy specimens. Statistical analysis involved survival analysis and Cox regression. RESULTS PLC-PHM MPC incidence surged from 1.67 per year (2011-2013) to 16.3 per year (2020-2022). The primary demographic for PLC-PHM MPC consists predominantly of elderly (average age 66 years) males (59.6%), with a high prevalence of metachronous MPC (89.9%). The prevailing histological types were lung adenocarcinoma (70.8%) in lung cancer (LC) and mature B-cell lymphomas (50.6%) in hematologic malignancies (HM). Notably, in a molecular testing cohort of 38 LC patients, 84.2% of lung cancer cases exhibited driver mutations, in which EGFR mutations frequence prevalent was 74.2%. In total group of 85 cases achieved a median overall survival (mOS) of 46.2 months, with a 5-year survival rate of 37.9% and advanced LC patients with LC gene mutations achieved a mOS was 52.6 months, with a 5-year OS rate of 30.6%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) following first-line treatment of 11 advanced patients with lung cancer-associated driver gene mutations is 26.6 months. Multivariate Cox regression revealed a favorable OS associated with surgery for LC, favorable PS score, adenocarcinoma pathology of LC, and the presence of genetic abnormalities associated with HM. CONCLUSION PLC-PHM MPC incidence is rising, characterized by a significant proportion of lung adenocarcinoma and a high prevalence of positive driver genes, especially in EGFR. Despite suffering from two primary tumors, the PLC-PHM MPC patients had superior data of both PFS and OS, suggesting an inherently intricate background of genetic abnormalities between the two kinds of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Lyu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Lifeng Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Kashgar Prefecture Second People's Hospital, Kashi, 844000, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Xiangran Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Xianwen Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Zhiyao Bao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Beili Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, 200000, China.
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Yang L, Liu X, Peng Z, Liu Z, Song P, Zhou J, Ma K, Yu Y, Dong Q. Exposure to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) increases the risk of cancer. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:430. [PMID: 38341560 PMCID: PMC10859012 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17801-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major socioeconomic burden that seriously affects the life and spirit of patients. However, little is known about the role of environmental toxicant exposure in diseases, especially ubiquitous di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) which is one of the most widely used plasticizers. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the potential association between cancer and DEHP. The data were collected using the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (n = 6147), and multiple logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the association. The concentrations of DEHP were calculated by each metabolite and split into quartiles for analysis. After adjusting for confounding factors, DEHP was significantly associated with an increased risk of cancer prevalence, and the metabolites of DEHP showed similar results (OR > 1.0, p < 0.05). Simultaneously, the association remained when the analyses were stratified by age and sex, and the risk of cancer appeared to be higher in male patients. In addition, further analysis suggested that DEHP exposure obviously increased the risk of female reproductive system cancer, male reproductive system cancer, and other cancers (OR > 1.0, p < 0.05) but not skin and soft tissue cancer. DEHP exposure is associated with the risk of cancer, especially female reproductive system cancer, male reproductive system cancer and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luchen Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhufeng Peng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhenghuan Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Pan Song
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yunfei Yu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Natarelli N, Aleman SJ, Mark IM, Tran JT, Kwak S, Botto E, Aflatooni S, Diaz MJ, Lipner SR. A Review of Current and Pipeline Drugs for Treatment of Melanoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:214. [PMID: 38399429 PMCID: PMC10892880 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. Standard treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Combining these modalities often yields better responses. Surgery is suitable for localized cases, sometimes involving lymph node dissection and biopsy, to assess the spread of the disease. Radiation therapy may be sometimes used as a standalone treatment or following surgical excision. Systemic chemotherapy, while having low response rates, is utilized as part of combination treatments or when other methods fail. The development of resistance to systemic chemotherapies and associated side effects have prompted further research and clinical trials for novel approaches. In the case of advanced-stage melanoma, a comprehensive approach may be necessary, incorporating targeted therapies and immunotherapies that demonstrate significant antitumor activity. Targeted therapies, including inhibitors targeting BRAF, MEK, c-KIT, and NRAS, are designed to block the specific molecules responsible for tumor growth. These therapies show promise, particularly in patients with corresponding mutations. Combination therapy, including BRAF and MEK inhibitors, has been evidenced to improve progression-free survival; however, concerns about resistance and cutaneous toxicities highlight the need for close monitoring. Immunotherapies, leveraging tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CAR T cells, enhance immune responses. Lifileucel, an FDA-approved tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, has demonstrated improved response rates in advanced-stage melanoma. Ongoing trials continue to explore the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy for advanced melanoma. Checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 have enhanced outcomes. Emerging IL-2 therapies boost dendritic cells, enhancing anticancer immunity. Oncolytic virus therapy, approved for advanced melanoma, augments treatment efficacy in combination approaches. While immunotherapy has significantly advanced melanoma treatment, its success varies, prompting research into new drugs and factors influencing outcomes. This review provides insights into current melanoma treatments and recent therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Natarelli
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Sarah J. Aleman
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Isabella M. Mark
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jasmine T. Tran
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sean Kwak
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Elizabeth Botto
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Shaliz Aflatooni
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Michael J. Diaz
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Shari R. Lipner
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY 10021, USA
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Zhao Q, Wang M, Chen M. Tumor polo-like kinase 4 protein expression reflects lymphovascular invasion, higher Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, and shortened survival in endometrial cancer patients who undergo surgical resection. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:101. [PMID: 38326803 PMCID: PMC10851612 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-02911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) serves as a marker for tumor features and poor outcomes in cancers. This study aimed to explore the associations of tumor PLK4 protein expression with tumor characteristics and survival in endometrial cancer (EC) patients who underwent surgical resection. METHODS This study included 142 EC patients who underwent surgical resection. Tumor tissue samples were obtained for tumor PLK4 protein expression detection via immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS Among EC patients, 26.1% had a PLK4 IHC score of 0, 24.6% had a score of 1-3, 27.5% had a score of 4-6, and 21.8% had a score of 7-12. Tumor PLK4 protein expression positively associated with lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.008) and Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (P = 0.005). Disease-free survival (DFS) was not different between patients with tumor PLK4 IHC scores > 0 and ≤ 0 (P = 0.154) but was reduced in patients with scores > 3 vs. ≤ 3 (P = 0.009) and > 6 vs. ≤ 6 (P < 0.001). Similarly, overall survival (OS) was not different between patients with scores > 0 and ≤ 0 (P = 0.322) but was shorter in patients with scores > 3 vs. ≤ 3 (P = 0.011) and > 6 vs. ≤ 6 (P = 0.006). After adjustment, a tumor PLK4 IHC score > 6 (vs. ≤ 6) (hazard ratio (HR): 3.156, P = 0.008) or > 3 (vs. ≤ 3) (HR: 3.918, P = 0.026) was independently associated with shortened DFS and OS. CONCLUSION A tumor PLK4 IHC score > 6 or > 3 associates with shortened DFS and OS in EC patients who undergo surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyan Zhao
- Department of Radiation, Taizhou Cancer Hospital, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy & Artificial Intelligence, Taizhou, 317502, China
| | - Minli Wang
- Department of Radiation, Taizhou Cancer Hospital, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy & Artificial Intelligence, Taizhou, 317502, China
| | - Mingcong Chen
- Department of Radiation, Taizhou Cancer Hospital, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy & Artificial Intelligence, Taizhou, 317502, China.
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Liu Y, Yu X, Wang Y, Wu J, Feng B, Li M. The role of differentially expressed genes and immune cell infiltration in the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): a new exploration based on bioinformatics analysis. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38319987 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2310044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of chronic liver disease characterized. The condition ranges from isolated excessive hepatocyte triglyceride accumulation and steatosis (nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), to hepatic triglyceride accumulation plus inflammation and hepatocyte injury (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)) and finally to hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism driving this process is not yet clear. Obtain sample microarray from the GEO database. Extract 6 healthy liver samples, 74 nonalcoholic hepatitis samples, 8 liver cirrhosis samples, and 53 liver cancer samples from the GSE164760 dataset. We used the GEO2R tool for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis of disease progression (nonalcoholic hepatitis healthy group, cirrhosis nonalcoholic hepatitis group, and liver cancer cirrhosis group) and necroptosis gene set. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) is used to evaluate the association between biological pathways and gene features. The STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to establish and visualize protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and identify the key functional modules of DEGs, drawn factor-target genes regulatory network. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were also performed. Additionally, immune infiltration patterns were analyzed using the cibersort, and the correlation between immune cell-type abundance and DEGs expression was investigated. We further screened and obtained a total of 152 intersecting DEGs from three groups. 23 key genes were obtained through the MCODE plugin. Transcription factors regulating common differentially expressed genes were obtained in the hTFtarget database, and a TF target network diagram was drawn. There are 118 nodes, 251 edges, and 4 clusters in the PPI network. The key genes of the four modules include METAP2, RPL14, SERBP1, EEF2; HR4A1; CANX; ARID1A, UBE2K. METAP2, RPL14, SERBP1 and EEF2 was identified as the key hub genes. CREB1 was identified as the hub TF interacting with those gens by taking the intersection of potential TFs. The types of key gene changes were genetic mutations. It can be seen that the incidence of key gene mutations is 1.7% in EEF2, 0.8% in METAP2, and 0.3% in RPL14, respectively. Finally, We found that the most significant expression differences of the immune infiltrating cells among the three groups, were Tregs and M2, M0 type macrophages. We identified four hub genes METAP2, RPL14, SERBP1 and EEF2 being the most closely with the process from NASH to cirrhosis to HCC. It is beneficial to examine and understand the interaction between hub DEGs and potential regulatory molecules in the process. This knowledge may provide a novel theoretical foundation for the development of diagnostic biomarkers and gene-related therapy targets in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Dandong Central Hospital, Dandong, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaohan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Dandong Central Hospital, Dandong, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuegu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Dandong Central Hospital, Dandong, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinge Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Dandong Central Hospital, Dandong, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Dandong Central Hospital, Dandong, Liaoning, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Dandong Central Hospital, Dandong, Liaoning, China
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Markovic MM, Petrovic M, Latas M, Djordjevic I, Milovanovic S, Jovanovic S. Quality of Life of Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 53:414-424. [PMID: 38894846 PMCID: PMC11182471 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i2.14926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has numerous physical, psychosocial and financial implications, which significantly affect patients' quality of life. We aimed to determine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and identify quality of life (QoL) predictors in patients with OSCC. Methods We included 64 consecutive patients aged 40 to 80 yr treated for OSCC from Jan to Dec 2021. Health-related QoL was evaluated using the 30-item Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and the 35-item Head and Neck Cancer-Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-H&N35). The demographic questionnaire and clinical parameters were also presented. Results The functioning scale in the QLQ-C30 questionnaire with the lowest average score was Global health status. The mean QLQ-C30 summary score (80.92 ± 10.4) was higher than the Global health status score (50.5 ± 22.2). In the QLQ-H&N35 questionnaire, the symptoms with highest scores were weight loss, dry mouth, and social eating. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that Global health status score was associated with education level [β-coefficient = 19.33 (95% CI: 10.7-24.9, P=0.004], alcohol consumption [β-coefficient=10.04 (95% CI: 4.5-14.8), P=0.023] and invasive surgical procedure [β-coefficient=22.75 (95% CI: 15.0-30.5), P=0.002]. The QLQ-C30 summary score was associated with living alone [β-coefficient= -20.05 (95% CI: -29.91-(-10.21), P=0.018], smoking status [β-coefficient=4.35 (95% CI: 1.8-6.91), P=0.043] and alcohol consumption [β-coefficient =4.59 (95% CI: 1.99-7.19), P=0.037]. Conclusion We found several significant predictors of worse perception of HRQoL among patients with OSCC, which may be useful for specific prevention and treatment in order to achieve better QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Milosevic Markovic
- Department of Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Petrovic
- Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Latas
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Djordjevic
- Clinic for Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Milovanovic
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Jovanovic
- Department of Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Ye M, Liu C, Liu J, Lu F, Xue J, Li F, Tang Y. Scoparone inhibits the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating the p38 MAPK/Akt/NF-κB signaling in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:551-561. [PMID: 37436232 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM The mechanisms underlying the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains confusing and the therapeutics approaches are also challenging. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of scoparone on the treatment of HCC stemmed from NAFLD and the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A model of NAFLD-HCC was created in mice, and these mice were treated with scoparone. Biochemical assays were conducted to assess the levels of biochemical markers. Tumors were evaluated through morphological examination. Histopathological analyses were performed using oil red O, Hematoxylin and Eosin, and Masson coloration assays. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RT-PCR were performed to analyze protein expression and measure mRNA expression levels, respectively. RESULTS Scoparone could ameliorate the pathological alterations observed in NAFLD-HCC mouse model. IHC analysis indicated an upregulation of NF-κB p65 expression in both NAFLD and NAFLD-HCC models, which was subsequently reverted by scoparone administration. Furthermore, scoparone treatment resulted in a reversal of the increased mRNA expression levels of NF-κB target genes, including TNF-α, MCP-1, iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB, and MMP-9, which were originally elevated in the NAFLD-HCC condition. Additionally, scoparone exhibited a capacity to counteract the activation of the MAPK/Akt signaling in the NAFLD-HCC model. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that scoparone holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for NAFLD-associated HCC, and its model of action may involve the regulation of inflammatory pathways governed by the MAPK/Akt/NF-κB signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoqing Ye
- Department of Liver Disease, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian yang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Liu
- Department of Liver Disease, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Fenping Lu
- Literature research institute, Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Fenping Li
- Department of Liver Disease, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yinghui Tang
- Department of Liver Disease, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
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