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Paul A D, Prabhu A, S N, Thomas M R, Shetty R, Umesh Shenoy P, Das R. Identification of novel genetic variants associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in South-West coast of India using targeted exome sequencing. Gene 2024; 933:148947. [PMID: 39278377 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study explores the genetic landscape of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a cohort of 33 patients from Southern India using targeted exome sequencing. Our analysis revealed a diverse range of mutations across the cohort, with missense mutations being the most prevalent. Pathogenic mutations, as classified by ClinVar, exhibited significant individual variation, highlighting the heterogeneity of OSCC. Seventy-five genes were identified to harbor pathogenic or potentially pathogenic mutations, with notable recurrence in genes such as TP53, PDGFRA, and RAD50 among others. Comparison with high-frequency mutation genes in HNSCC from TCGA database revealed significant overlap, emphasizing the relevance of these mutations across different populations. Additionally, several novel mutations were identified, including those in CHD8, ITPKB, and HNF1A, shedding light on potential genetic risk factors specific to this population. Functional annotation and pathway analysis underscored the involvement of these mutated genes in various cancer-related pathways. Despite limitations such as sample size and the need for further validation, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of OSCC pathogenesis and highlights potential genetic markers for prognosis and targeted interventions, especially in the Indian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divia Paul A
- Department of Anatomy, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India; Department of Anatomy, Father Muller Medical College, Kankanady, Mangalore, Karnataka 575002, India.
| | - Ashwini Prabhu
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India.
| | - Nidhi S
- Department of Anatomy, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India.
| | - Rohan Thomas M
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India.
| | - Rohan Shetty
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India.
| | - Pooja Umesh Shenoy
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India.
| | - Ranajit Das
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India.
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Mohammad S, Farooqui S, Srivastava S, Siang TC, Sridhar SB, Ahmad I, Alamri S. Investigating Tobacco's Impact on DNA Repair Genes and Risks in Oral Precancer and Cancer: A Comprehensive Research Study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2024; 23:808-815. [PMID: 39118938 PMCID: PMC11303620 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-024-02234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore genetic variations associated with DNA repair mechanisms to enhance the management of both oral cancer (OC) and oral precancer (OPC). Methods A cohort of 380 patients diagnosed with OC and OPC, comprising 220 males and 160 females, was analyzed. Participants were categorized based on their tobacco-chewing habits, with corresponding control groups established. Key genetic markers investigated for polymorphisms included OGG1, APE1, and XRCC1. Results The XRCC1 Arg280H variant demonstrated significant associations with the susceptibility to both OC and OPC across various models. Further analyses, incorporating factors such as tobacco and alcohol consumption, unveiled a correlation between the XRCC1 Arg194Trp variant and an elevated risk of developing head and neck cancer. Stratified analyses also revealed an increased risk of OC or OPC based on the specific site of the cancer. Conclusion The study underscores the importance of XRCC1 polymorphisms, particularly XRCC1 Arg280H and XRCC1 Arg194Trp, within the genetic framework of OC and OPC. Understanding these genetic associations provides valuable insights for the potential development of targeted interventions aimed at individuals predisposed to these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Mohammad
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, UP India
| | - Sana Farooqui
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, UP India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai, Malaysia
- Era College of Pharmacy, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Tan Ching Siang
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai, Malaysia
| | | | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alamri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Gintoni I, Vassiliou S, Chrousos GP, Yapijakis C. Identification of Stage-Specific microRNAs that Govern the Early Stages of Sequential Oral Oncogenesis by Strategically Bridging Human Genetics with Epigenetics and Utilizing an Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7642. [PMID: 39062890 PMCID: PMC11277563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly prevalent and aggressive malignancy, with mortality rates reaching 60%, mainly due to its excessive diagnostic delay. MiRNAs, a class of crucial epigenetic gene-expression regulators, have emerged as potential diagnostic biomarkers, with >200 molecules exhibiting expressional dysregulation in OSCC. We had previously established an in silico methodology for the identification of the most disease-specific molecules by bridging genetics and epigenetics. Here, we identified the stage-specific miRNAs that govern the asymptomatic early stages of oral tumorigenesis by exploiting seed-matching and the reverse interplay between miRNA levels and their target genes' expression. Incorporating gene-expression data from our group's experimental hamster model of sequential oral oncogenesis, we bioinformatically detected the miRNAs that simultaneously target/regulate >75% of the genes that are characteristically upregulated or downregulated in the consecutive stages of hyperplasia, dysplasia, and early invasion, while exhibiting the opposite expressional dysregulation in OSCC-derived tissue and/or saliva specimens. We found that all stages share the downregulation of miR-34a-5p, miR124-3p, and miR-125b-5p, while miR-1-3p is under-expressed in dysplasia and early invasion. The malignant early-invasion stage is distinguished by the downregulation of miR-147a and the overexpression of miR-155-5p, miR-423-3p, and miR-34a-5p. The identification of stage-specific miRNAs may facilitate their utilization as biomarkers for presymptomatic OSCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iphigenia Gintoni
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, 1st Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cephalogenetics Center, 176 72 Athens, Greece
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Vassiliou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
| | - George P. Chrousos
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Yapijakis
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, 1st Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cephalogenetics Center, 176 72 Athens, Greece
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
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Libert DM, Zhu Y, Wang A, Allard GM, Cheng-Yi Lowe A. Detection of effusion tumor cells under different storage and processing conditions. Cancer Cytopathol 2024; 132:297-308. [PMID: 38373107 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) shed into blood provide prognostic and/or predictive information. Previously, the authors established an assay to detect carcinoma cells from pleural fluid, termed effusion tumor cells (ETCs), by employing an immunofluorescence-based CTC-identification platform (RareCyte) on air-dried unstained ThinPrep (TP) slides. To facilitate clinical integration, they evaluated different slide processing and storage conditions, hypothesizing that alternative comparable conditions for ETC detection exist. METHODS The authors enumerated ETCs on RareCyte, using morphology and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) cutoffs of >100 arbitrary units (a.u.) for epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and <100 a.u. for CD45. They analyzed malignant pleural fluid from three patients under seven processing and/or staining conditions, three patients after short-term storage under three conditions, and seven samples following long-term storage at -80°C. MFI values of 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindol, cytokeratin, CD45, and EpCAM were compared. RESULTS ETCs were detected in all conditions. Among the different processing conditions tested, the ethanol-fixed, unstained TP was most similar to the previously established air-dried, unstained TP protocol. All smears and Pap-stained TPs had significantly different marker MFIs from the established condition. After short-term storage, the established condition showed comparable results, but ethanol-fixed and Pap-stained slides showed significant differences. ETCs were detectable after long-term storage at -80°C in comparable numbers to freshly prepared slides, but most marker MFIs were significantly different. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to detect ETCs under different processing and storage conditions, lending promise to the application of this method in broader settings. Because of decreased immunofluorescence-signature distinctions between cells, morphology may need to play a larger role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Libert
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yili Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Aihui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Grace M Allard
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alarice Cheng-Yi Lowe
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Ahmed AA, Sborchia M, Bye H, Roman-Escorza M, Amar A, Henley-Smith R, Odell E, McGurk M, Simpson M, Ng T, Sawyer EJ, Mathew CG. Mutation detection in saliva from oral cancer patients. Oral Oncol 2024; 151:106717. [PMID: 38412584 PMCID: PMC11393295 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.106717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) continues to increase and although advances have been made in treatment, it still has a poor overall survival with local relapse being common. Conventional imaging methods are not efficient at detecting recurrence at an early stage when still potentially curable. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of using saliva to detect the presence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to provide additional evidence for the potential of this approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh tumor, whole blood and saliva were collected from patients with OSCC before treatment. Whole exome sequencing (WES) or gene panel sequencing of tumor DNA was performed to identify somatic mutations in tumors and to select genes for performing gene panel sequencing on saliva samples. RESULTS The most commonly mutated genes identified in primary tumors by DNA sequencing were TP53 and FAT1. Gene panel sequencing of paired saliva samples detected tumor derived mutations in 9 of 11 (82%) patients. The mean variant allele frequency for the mutations detected in saliva was 0.025 (range 0.004 - 0.061). CONCLUSION Somatic tumor mutations can be detected in saliva with high frequency in OSCC irrespective of site or stage of disease using a limited panel of genes. This work provides additional evidence for the suitability of using saliva as liquid biopsy in OSCC and has the potential to improve early detection of recurrence in OSCC. Trials are currently underway comparing this approach to standard imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Ahmed
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Mateja Sborchia
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Bye
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Roman-Escorza
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Ariella Amar
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Rhonda Henley-Smith
- KHP Head & Neck Cancer Biobank, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Odell
- King's College London and Head and Neck Pathology Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark McGurk
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher G Mathew
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom; Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Yuan Y, Fan T, Wang J, Yuan Y, Tao X. Near-infrared imaging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using indocyanine green that targets the αvβ6 peptide. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:046002. [PMID: 38633382 PMCID: PMC11021736 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.4.046002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Significance Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a particularly poor prognosis. Improving the surgical resection boundary, reducing local recurrence, and ultimately ameliorating the overall survival rate are the treatment goals. Aim To obtain a complete surgical resection (R0 resection), we investigated the use of a fluorescent imaging probe that targets the integrin subtype α v β 6 , which is upregulated in many kinds of epithelial cancer, using animal models. Approach α v β 6 expression was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunoprotein blotting of human tissues for malignancy. Protein expression localization was observed. α v β 6 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were quantified by PCR and immunoprotein blotting, and the biosafety of targeting the α v β 6 probe material was examined using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. Indocyanine green (ICG) was used as a control to determine the localization of the probe at the cellular level. In vivo animal experiments were conducted through tail vein injections to evaluate the probe's imaging effect and to confirm its targeting in tissue sections. Results α v β 6 expression was higher than EGFR expression in HNSCC, and the probe showed good targeting in in vivo and in vitro experiments with a good safety profile. Conclusions The ICG-α v β 6 peptide probe is an exceptional and sensitive imaging tool for HNSCC that can distinguish among tumor, normal, and inflammatory tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengfei Fan
- Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changsha, China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tao
- Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Shanghai, China
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7
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Kumar P, Gupta S, Das BC. Saliva as a potential non-invasive liquid biopsy for early and easy diagnosis/prognosis of head and neck cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 40:101827. [PMID: 38042138 PMCID: PMC10701368 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are the most devastating diseases in India and southeast Asia. It is a preventable and curable disease if detected early. Tobacco and alcohol consumption are the two major risk-factors but infection of high-risk HPVs are also associated with development of predominantly oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas. Interestingly, unlike cervical cancer, HPV-induced HNSCCs show good prognosis and better survival in contrast, majority of tobacco-associated HPV-ve HNSCCs are highly aggressive with poor clinical outcome. Biomarker analysis in circulatory body-fluids for early cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring are becoming important in clinical practice. Early diagnosis using non-invasive saliva for oral or other diseases plays an important role in successful treatment and better prognosis. Saliva mirrors the body's state of health as it comes into direct contact with oral lesions and needs no trained manpower to collect, making it a suitable bio-fluid of choice for screening. Saliva can be used to detect not only virus, bacteria and other biomarkers but variety of molecular and genetic markers for an early detection, treatment and monitoring cancer and other diseases. The performance of saliva-based diagnostics are reported to be highly (≥95 %) sensitive and specific indicating the test's ability to correctly identify true positive or negative cases. This review focuses on the potentials of saliva in the early detection of not only HPV or other pathogens but also identification of highly reliable gene mutations, oral-microbiomes, metabolites, salivary cytokines, non-coding RNAs and exosomal miRNAs. It also discusses the importance of saliva as a reliable, cost-effective and an easy alternative to invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Bhudev C Das
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India.
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Radaic A, Kamarajan P, Cho A, Wang S, Hung GC, Najarzadegan F, Wong DT, Ton-That H, Wang CY, Kapila YL. Biological biomarkers of oral cancer. Periodontol 2000 2023:10.1111/prd.12542. [PMID: 38073011 PMCID: PMC11163022 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) 5 year survival rate of 41% has marginally improved in the last few years, with less than a 1% improvement per year from 2005 to 2017, with higher survival rates when detected at early stages. Based on histopathological grading of oral dysplasia, it is estimated that severe dysplasia has a malignant transformation rate of 7%-50%. Despite these numbers, oral dysplasia grading does not reliably predict its clinical behavior. Thus, more accurate markers predicting oral dysplasia progression to cancer would enable better targeting of these lesions for closer follow-up, especially in the early stages of the disease. In this context, molecular biomarkers derived from genetics, proteins, and metabolites play key roles in clinical oncology. These molecular signatures can help predict the likelihood of OSCC development and/or progression and have the potential to detect the disease at an early stage and, support treatment decision-making and predict treatment responsiveness. Also, identifying reliable biomarkers for OSCC detection that can be obtained non-invasively would enhance management of OSCC. This review will discuss biomarkers for OSCC that have emerged from different biological areas, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, immunomics, and microbiomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Radaic
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alex Cho
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sandy Wang
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Guo-Chin Hung
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fereshteh Najarzadegan
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David T Wong
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hung Ton-That
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
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9
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Vageli DP, Doukas PG, Shah R, Boyi T, Liu C, Judson BL. A Novel Saliva and Serum miRNA Panel as a Potential Useful Index for Oral Cancer and the Association of miR-21 with Smoking History: a Pilot Study. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2023; 16:653-659. [PMID: 37683274 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-23-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use is implicated in the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is associated with poor survival if not diagnosed early. Identification of novel noninvasive, highly sensitive, and cost-effective diagnostic and risk assessment methods for OSCC would improve early detection. Here, we report a pilot study assessing salivary and serum miRNAs associated with OSCC and stratified by smoking status. Saliva and paired serum samples were collected from 23 patients with OSCC and 21 healthy volunteers, with an equal number of smokers and nonsmokers in each group. Twenty head and neck cancer-related miRNAs were quantified by qPCR (dual-labeled LNA probes) and analyzed by Welch t test (95% confidence interval). Four saliva miRNAs, miR-21, miR-136, miR-3928, and miR-29B, showed statistically significant overexpression in OSCC versus healthy controls (P < 0.05). miR-21 was statistically significantly overexpressed in OSCC smokers versus nonsmokers (P = 0.006). Salivary miR-21, miR-136, and miR-3928, and serum miR-21 and miR-136, showed statistically significant differential expression in early-stage tumors versus controls (P < 0.05), particularly miR-21 in smokers (P < 0.005). This pilot study provides a novel panel of saliva and serum miRNAs associated with oral cancer. Further validation as a potential useful index of oral cancer, particularly miR-21 in smokers and early-stage OSCC is warranted. PREVENTION RELEVANCE Saliva and serum miR-21, miR-136, miR-3928, and miR-29B, are potentially associated with oral cancer even at an early stage, especially miR-21 in individuals with a smoking history, a further validation in a larger cohort of subjects with premalignant and early malignant lesions need to confirm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra P Vageli
- The Yale Larynx Laboratory; Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Panagiotis G Doukas
- The Yale Larynx Laboratory; Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rema Shah
- The Yale Larynx Laboratory; Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Trinithas Boyi
- The Yale Larynx Laboratory; Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christina Liu
- The Yale Larynx Laboratory; Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Benjamin L Judson
- The Yale Larynx Laboratory; Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Rapado-González Ó, Rodríguez-Ces AM, López-López R, Suárez-Cunqueiro MM. Liquid biopsies based on cell-free DNA as a potential biomarker in head and neck cancer. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:289-302. [PMID: 37680614 PMCID: PMC10480573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of 'precision medicine', liquid biopsies based on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) have emerged as a promising tool in the oncology field. cfDNA from cancer patients is a mixture of tumoral (ctDNA) and non-tumoral DNA originated from healthy, cancer and tumor microenvironmental cells. Apoptosis, necrosis, and active secretion from extracellular vesicles represent the main mechanisms of cfDNA release into the physiological body fluids. Focused on HNC, two main types of cfDNA can be identified: the circulating cfDNA (ccfDNA) and the salivary cfDNA (scfDNA). Numerous studies have reported on the potential of cfDNA analysis as potential diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring biomarker for HNC. Thus, ctDNA has emerged as an attractive strategy to detect cancer specific genetic and epigenetic alterations including DNA somatic mutations and DNA methylation patterns. This review aims to provide an overview of the up-to-date studies evaluating the value of the analysis of total cfDNA, cfDNA fragment length, and ctDNA analysis at DNA mutation and methylation level in HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Rapado-González
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana María Rodríguez-Ces
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS, SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Mercedes Suárez-Cunqueiro
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS, SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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11
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Temilola DO, Adeola HA, Grobbelaar J, Chetty M. Liquid Biopsy in Head and Neck Cancer: Its Present State and Future Role in Africa. Cells 2023; 12:2663. [PMID: 37998398 PMCID: PMC10670726 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising mortality and morbidity rate of head and neck cancer (HNC) in Africa has been attributed to factors such as the poor state of health infrastructures, genetics, and late presentation resulting in the delayed diagnosis of these tumors. If well harnessed, emerging molecular and omics diagnostic technologies such as liquid biopsy can potentially play a major role in optimizing the management of HNC in Africa. However, to successfully apply liquid biopsy technology in the management of HNC in Africa, factors such as genetic, socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural acceptability of the technology must be given due consideration. This review outlines the role of circulating molecules such as tumor cells, tumor DNA, tumor RNA, proteins, and exosomes, in liquid biopsy technology for the management of HNC with a focus on studies conducted in Africa. The present state and the potential opportunities for the future use of liquid biopsy technology in the effective management of HNC in resource-limited settings such as Africa is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dada Oluwaseyi Temilola
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
| | - Henry Ademola Adeola
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Johan Grobbelaar
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
| | - Manogari Chetty
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
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12
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Masrour M, Khanmohammadi S, Fallahtafti P, Rezaei N. Long non-coding RNA as a potential diagnostic biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291921. [PMID: 37733767 PMCID: PMC10513217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a group of malignancies arising from the epithelium of the head and neck. Despite efforts in treatment, results have remained unsatisfactory, and the death rate is high. Early diagnosis of HNSCC has clinical importance due to its high rates of invasion and metastasis. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of lncRNAs in HNSCC patients. METHODS PubMed, ISI, SCOPUS, and EMBASE were searched for original publications published till April 2023 using MeSH terms and free keywords "long non-coding RNA" and "head and neck squamous cell carcinoma" and their expansions. The Reitsma bivariate random effect model pooled diagnostic test performance for studies that reported specificity and sensitivity; diagnostic AUC values from all trials were meta-analyzed using the random effects model with the inverse variance method. RESULTS The initial database search yielded 3209 articles, and 25 studies met our criteria. The cumulative sensitivity and specificity for lncRNAs in the diagnosis of HNSCC were 0.74 (95%CI: 0.68-0.7 (and 0.79 (95%CI: 0.74-0.83), respectively. The pooled AUC value for all specimen types was found to be 0.83. Using the inverse variance method, 71 individual lncRNAs yielded a pooled AUC of 0.77 (95%CI: 0.74-0.79). Five studies reported on the diagnostic accuracy of the MALAT1 lncRNA with a pooled AUC value of 0.83 (95%CI: 0.73-0.94). CONCLUSIONS LncRNAs could be used as diagnostic biomarkers for HNSCC, but further investigation is needed to validate clinical efficacy and elucidate mechanisms. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics should be used to ascertain expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Masrour
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Gintoni I, Vassiliou S, Chrousos GP, Yapijakis C. Review of Disease-Specific microRNAs by Strategically Bridging Genetics and Epigenetics in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1578. [PMID: 37628629 PMCID: PMC10454361 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent human malignancies and a global health concern with a poor prognosis despite some therapeutic advances, highlighting the need for a better understanding of its molecular etiology. The genomic landscape of OSCC is well-established and recent research has focused on miRNAs, which regulate gene expression and may be useful non-invasive biomarkers or therapeutic targets. A plethora of findings regarding miRNA expression have been generated, posing challenges for the interpretation and identification of disease-specific molecules. Hence, we opted to identify the most important regulatory miRNAs by bridging genetics and epigenetics, focusing on the key genes implicated in OSCC development. Based on published reports, we have developed custom panels of fifteen major oncogenes and five major tumor suppressor genes. Following a miRNA/target gene interaction analysis and a comprehensive study of the literature, we selected the miRNA molecules which target the majority of these panels that have been reported to be downregulated or upregulated in OSCC, respectively. As a result, miR-34a-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-1-3p, and miR-16-5p appeared to be the most OSCC-specific. Their expression patterns, verified targets, and the signaling pathways affected by their dysregulation in OSCC are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iphigenia Gintoni
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, 1st Department of Pediatrics, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cephalogenetics Center, 176 72 Athens, Greece
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stavros Vassiliou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
| | - George P. Chrousos
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christos Yapijakis
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, 1st Department of Pediatrics, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cephalogenetics Center, 176 72 Athens, Greece
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
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14
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Xi Y, Negrao MV, Akagi K, Xiao W, Jiang B, Warner SC, Dunn JD, Wang J, Symer DE, Gillison ML. Noninvasive genomic profiling of somatic mutations in oral cavity cancers. Oral Oncol 2023; 140:106372. [PMID: 37004423 PMCID: PMC10367182 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Somatic mutations may predict prognosis, therapeutic response, or cancer progression. We evaluated targeted sequencing of oral rinse samples (ORS) for non-invasive mutational profiling of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A custom hybrid capture panel targeting 42 frequently mutated genes in OSCC was used to identify DNA sequence variants in matched ORS and fresh-frozen tumors from 120 newly-diagnosed patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves determined the optimal variant allele fraction (VAF) cutoff for variant discrimination in ORS. Behavioral, clinical, and analytical factors were evaluated for impacts on assay performance. RESULTS Half of tumors involved oral tongue (50 %), and a majority were T1-T2 tumor stage (55 %). Median depth of sequencing coverage was 260X for OSCC and 1,563X for ORS. Frequencies of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) at highly mutated genes (including TP53, FAT1, HRAS, NOTCH1, CDKN2A, CASP8, NFE2L2, and PIK3CA) in OSCC were highly correlated with TCGA data (R = 0.96, p = 2.5E-22). An ROC curve with area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 0.80 showed that, at an optimal VAF cutoff of 0.10 %, ORS provided 76 % sensitivity, 96 % specificity, but precision of only 2.6E-4. At this VAF cutoff, 206 of 270 SNVs in OSCC were detected in matched ORS. Sensitivity varied by patient, T stage and target gene. Neither downsampled ORS as matched control nor a naïve Bayesian classifier adjusting for sequencing bias appreciably improved assay performance. CONCLUSION Targeted sequencing of ORS provides moderate assay performance for noninvasive detection of SNVs in OSCC. Our findings strongly rationalize further clinical and laboratory optimization of this assay, including strategies to improve precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Xi
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marcelo V Negrao
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Keiko Akagi
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Weihong Xiao
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sarah C Warner
- Genomics Shared Resource, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joe Dan Dunn
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David E Symer
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Maura L Gillison
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
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15
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Errazquin R, Carrasco E, Del Marro S, Suñol A, Peral J, Ortiz J, Rubio JC, Segrelles C, Dueñas M, Garrido-Aranda A, Alvarez M, Belendez C, Balmaña J, Garcia-Escudero R. Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer and Lesions in Fanconi Anemia Patients: A Prospective and Longitudinal Study Using Saliva and Plasma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061871. [PMID: 36980757 PMCID: PMC10046988 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) patients display an exacerbated risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant lesions (OPMLs) at early ages. As patients have defects in their DNA repair mechanisms, standard-of-care treatments for OSCC such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, give rise to severe toxicities. New methods for early diagnosis are urgently needed to allow for treatment in early disease stages and achieve better clinical outcomes. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study wherein liquid biopsies from sixteen patients with no clinical diagnoses of OPML and/or OSCC were analyzed for the presence of mutations in cancer genes. The DNA from saliva and plasma were sequentially collected and deep-sequenced, and the clinical evaluation followed over a median time of approximately 2 years. In 9/16 FA patients, we detected mutations in cancer genes (mainly TP53) with minor allele frequencies (MAF) of down to 0.07%. Importantly, all patients that had mutations and clinical follow-up data after mutation detection (n = 6) developed oral precursor lesions or OSCC. The lead-time between mutation detection and tumor diagnosis ranged from 23 to 630 days. Strikingly, FA patients without mutations displayed a significantly lower risk of developing precursor lesions or OSCCs. Therefore, our diagnostic approach could help to stratify FA patients into risk groups, which would allow for closer surveillance for OSCCs or precursor lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Errazquin
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Carrasco
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Del Marro
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Suñol
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Peral
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Ortiz
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rubio
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Segrelles
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Dueñas
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Martina Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (CIMES), 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Belendez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Sección de Hematología y Oncología Pediátricas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Garcia-Escudero
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Bang C, Bernard G, Le WT, Lalonde A, Kadoury S, Bahig H. Artificial intelligence to predict outcomes of head and neck radiotherapy. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2023; 39:100590. [PMID: 36935854 PMCID: PMC10014342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck radiotherapy induces important toxicity, and its efficacy and tolerance vary widely across patients. Advancements in radiotherapy delivery techniques, along with the increased quality and frequency of image guidance, offer a unique opportunity to individualize radiotherapy based on imaging biomarkers, with the aim of improving radiation efficacy while reducing its toxicity. Various artificial intelligence models integrating clinical data and radiomics have shown encouraging results for toxicity and cancer control outcomes prediction in head and neck cancer radiotherapy. Clinical implementation of these models could lead to individualized risk-based therapeutic decision making, but the reliability of the current studies is limited. Understanding, validating and expanding these models to larger multi-institutional data sets and testing them in the context of clinical trials is needed to ensure safe clinical implementation. This review summarizes the current state of the art of machine learning models for prediction of head and neck cancer radiotherapy outcomes.
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Key Words
- ADASYN, adaptive synthetic sampling
- AI, artificial intelligence
- ANN, artificial neural network
- AUC, Area Under the ROC Curve
- Artificial intelligence
- BMI, body mass index
- C-Index, concordance index
- CART, Classification and Regression Tree
- CBCT, cone-beam computed tomography
- CIFE, conditional informax feature extraction
- CNN, convolutional neural network
- CRT, chemoradiation
- CT, computed tomography
- Cancer outcomes
- DL, deep learning
- DM, distant metastasis
- DSC, Dice Similarity Coefficient
- DSS, clinical decision support systems
- DT, Decision Tree
- DVH, Dose-volume histogram
- GANs, Generative Adversarial Networks
- GB, Gradient boosting
- GPU, graphical process units
- HNC, head and neck cancer
- HPV, human papillomavirus
- HR, hazard ratio
- Head and neck cancer
- IAMB, incremental association Markov blanket
- IBDM, image based data mining
- IBMs, image biomarkers
- IMRT, intensity-modulated RT
- KNN, k nearest neighbor
- LLR, Local linear forest
- LR, logistic regression
- LRR, loco-regional recurrence
- MIFS, mutual information based feature selection
- ML, machine learning
- MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging
- MRMR, Minimum redundancy feature selection
- Machine learning
- N-MLTR, Neural Multi-Task Logistic Regression
- NPC, nasopharynx
- NTCP, Normal Tissue Complication Probability
- OPC, oropharyngeal cancer
- ORN, osteoradionecrosis
- OS, overall survival
- PCA, Principal component analysis
- PET, Positron emission tomography
- PG, parotid glands
- PLR, Positive likelihood ratio
- PM, pharyngeal mucosa
- PTV, Planning target volumes
- PreSANet, deep preprocessor module and self-attention
- Predictive modeling
- QUANTEC, Quantitative Analyses of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic
- RF, random forest
- RFC, random forest classifier
- RFS, recurrence free survival
- RLR, Rigid logistic regression
- RRF, Regularized random forest
- RSF, random survival forest
- RT, radiotherapy
- RTLI, radiation-induced temporal lobe injury
- Radiomic
- SDM, shared decision making
- SMG, submandibular glands
- SMOTE, synthetic minority over-sampling technique
- STIC, sticky saliva
- SVC, support vector classifier
- SVM, support vector machine
- XGBoost, extreme gradient boosting
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulmin Bang
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Galaad Bernard
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William T. Le
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Arthur Lalonde
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samuel Kadoury
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Houda Bahig
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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17
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Huang Z, Yang X, Huang Y, Tang Z, Chen Y, Liu H, Huang M, Qing L, Li L, Wang Q, Jie Z, Jin X, Jia B. Saliva - a new opportunity for fluid biopsy. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:4-32. [PMID: 36285724 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Saliva is a complex biological fluid with a variety of biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites and microbiota, which can be used for the screening and diagnosis of many diseases. In addition, saliva has the characteristics of simple collection, non-invasive and convenient storage, which gives it the potential to replace blood as a new main body of fluid biopsy, and it is an excellent biological diagnostic fluid. This review integrates recent studies and summarizes the research contents of salivaomics and the research progress of saliva in early diagnosis of oral and systemic diseases. This review aims to explore the value and prospect of saliva diagnosis in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhengming Tang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuanxin Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ling Qing
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhuye Jie
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Human Commensal Microorganisms and Health Research, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xin Jin
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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18
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Hanna GJ, Patel N, Tedla SG, Baugnon KL, Aiken A, Agrawal N. Personalizing Surveillance in Head and Neck Cancer. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2023; 43:e389718. [PMID: 37079869 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_389718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) encompasses a spectrum of heterogeneous diseases originating in the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Within the United States, head and neck cancer (HNC) accounts for 66,470 new cases, or 3% of all malignancies, annually.1 The incidence of HNC is rising, largely driven by increases in oropharyngeal cancer.2-4 Recent molecular and clinical advancements, particularly with regard to molecular and tumor biology, reflect the heterogeneity of the subsites contained within the head and neck. Despite this, existing guidelines for post-treatment surveillance remain broad without much consideration given to different anatomic subsites and etiologic factors (such as human papillomavirus [HPV] status or tobacco exposure).5 Surveillance incorporating the physical examination, imaging, and emerging molecular biomarkers is an essential part of care for patients treated for HNC and allows for the detection of locoregional recurrence, distant metastases, and second primary malignancies aiming for better functional and survival outcomes. Additionally, it allows for evaluation and management of post-treatment complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn J Hanna
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nirali Patel
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Sara G Tedla
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kristen L Baugnon
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ashley Aiken
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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19
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Dholariya S, Singh RD, Sonagra A, Yadav D, Vajaria BN, Parchwani D. Integrating Cutting-Edge Methods to Oral Cancer Screening, Analysis, and Prognosis. Crit Rev Oncog 2023; 28:11-44. [PMID: 37830214 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023047772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) has become a significant barrier to health worldwide due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. OC is among the most prevalent types of cancer that affect the head and neck region, and the overall survival rate at 5 years is still around 50%. Moreover, it is a multifactorial malignancy instigated by genetic and epigenetic variabilities, and molecular heterogeneity makes it a complex malignancy. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are often the first warning signs of OC, although it is challenging to predict which cases will develop into malignancies. Visual oral examination and histological examination are still the standard initial steps in diagnosing oral lesions; however, these approaches have limitations that might lead to late diagnosis of OC or missed diagnosis of OPMDs in high-risk individuals. The objective of this review is to present a comprehensive overview of the currently used novel techniques viz., liquid biopsy, next-generation sequencing (NGS), microarray, nanotechnology, lab-on-a-chip (LOC) or microfluidics, and artificial intelligence (AI) for the clinical diagnostics and management of this malignancy. The potential of these novel techniques in expanding OC diagnostics and clinical management is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Dholariya
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Ragini D Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Sonagra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | - Deepak Parchwani
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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20
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Epidemiological, Clinical, and Genomic Profile in Head and Neck Cancer Patients and Their Families. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123278. [PMID: 36552033 PMCID: PMC9775590 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited cancer predisposition genes are described as risk factors in head and neck cancer (HNC) families. To explore the clinical and epidemiological data and their association with a family history of cancer, we recruited 74 patients and 164 relatives affected by cancer. The germline copy number alterations were evaluated in 18 patients using array comparative genomic hybridization. Two or more first-degree relatives with HNC, tobacco-associated tumor sites (lung, esophagus, and pancreas), or other related tumors (breast, colon, kidney, bladder, cervix, stomach carcinomas, and melanoma) were reported in 74 families. Ten index patients had no exposure to any known risk factors. Family members presented tumors of 19 topographies (30 head and neck, 26 breast, 21 colon). In first-degree relatives, siblings were frequently affected by cancer (n = 58, 13 had HNC). Breast cancer (n = 21), HNC (n = 19), and uterine carcinoma (n = 15) were commonly found in first-degree relatives and HNC in second-degree relatives (n = 11). Nineteen germline genomic imbalances were detected in 13 patients; three presented gains of WRD genes. The number of HNC patients, the degree of kinship, and the tumor types detected in each relative support the role of heredity in these families. Germline alterations may potentially contribute to cancer development.
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21
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Rapado‐González Ó, Brea‐Iglesias J, Rodríguez‐Casanova A, Bao‐Caamano A, López‐Cedrún J, Triana‐Martínez G, Díaz‐Peña R, Santos MA, López‐López R, Muinelo‐Romay L, Martínez‐Fernández M, Díaz‐Lagares Á, Suárez‐Cunqueiro MM. Somatic mutations in tumor and plasma of locoregional recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer using a next‐generation sequencing panel: A preliminary study. Cancer Med 2022; 12:6615-6622. [PMID: 36420687 PMCID: PMC10067107 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explore the utility of TruSight Tumor 170 panel (TST170) for detecting somatic mutations in tumor and cfDNA from locoregional recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS Targeted NGS of tumor DNA and plasma cfDNA was performed using TST170 panel. In addition, a set of somatic mutations previously described in HNSCC were selected for validating in tumor, plasma, and saliva by digital droplet PCR. RESULTS The TST170 panel identified 13 non-synonymous somatic mutations, of which five were detected in tumoral tissue, other five in plasma cfDNA, and three in both tissue and plasma cfDNA. Of the eight somatic mutations identified in tissue, three were also identified in plasma cfDNA, showing an overall concordance rate of 37.5%. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study shows the possibility to detect somatic mutations in tumor and plasma of HNSCC patients using a single assay that would facilitate the clinical implementation of personalized medicine in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Rapado‐González
- Department of Surgery and Medical‐Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET) Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Jenifer Brea‐Iglesias
- Translational Molecular Oncology Unit, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur) SERGAS‐UVIGO, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro Vigo Spain
| | - Aitor Rodríguez‐Casanova
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Epigenomics Unit, Cancer Epigenomics, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET) Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS,SERGAS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Roche‐Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET) Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Aida Bao‐Caamano
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Epigenomics Unit, Cancer Epigenomics, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET) Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS,SERGAS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - José‐Luis López‐Cedrún
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC, SERGAS) A Coruña Spain
| | | | - Roberto Díaz‐Peña
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica‐USC Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences Universidad Autónoma de Chile Talca Chile
| | - María Arminda Santos
- Department of Surgery and Medical‐Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation Instituto Universitario de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS) Gandra Portugal
| | - Rafael López‐López
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET) Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS, SERGAS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Laura Muinelo‐Romay
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET) Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez‐Fernández
- Translational Molecular Oncology Unit, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur) SERGAS‐UVIGO, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro Vigo Spain
| | - Ángel Díaz‐Lagares
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Epigenomics Unit, Cancer Epigenomics, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET) Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS,SERGAS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - María Mercedes Suárez‐Cunqueiro
- Department of Surgery and Medical‐Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET) Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS, SERGAS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
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22
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The implications of gene mutations in salivary DNA for noninvasive diagnosis of head and neck cancer with a focus on oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2022; 130:105924. [PMID: 35594773 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA-based liquid biopsy as a diagnostic strategy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has emergingly gained momentum. In this letter, we identified 6 studies contained 274 patients with HNSCC focused on gene mutations in salivary DNA. We observe that the incidence of DNA mutations with at least one gene mutated ranges from 63% to 95.9%, and the most frequently examined gene mutations are TP53, CDKN2A, PIK3CA, FAT1, and NOTCH1. Meanwhile, studies have demonstrated that saliva had a greater sensitivity and much higher quantitative values than plasma in both tumor DNA count and variant allele frequency. Interestingly, more tumor-derived mutations were detected in salivary DNA among patients with tumors arising in oral cavity compared to in oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. Collectively, it is feasibility to identify somatic mutations in driver genes using saliva samples to noninvasively diagnose HNSCC, especially in oral cavity cancer and even at early stages of the disease. Larger well-designed studies are needed to consolidate the evidence.
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23
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Hou X, Lin S, Liu Y, Wang K, Yu Z, Jia J, Yu J, Zheng W, Bai J, Chang L, Chen J, Li M, Chen L. Analysis of the tumor microenvironment and mutation burden identifies prognostic features in thymic epithelial tumors. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2387-2396. [PMID: 35693087 PMCID: PMC9185609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are one of the rarest adult malignancies in the anterior mediastinum. Thymic carcinomas (TCs) are less prevalent among TETs, but they are more clinically aggressive. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for refractory TETs, even though chemotherapy remains the conventional treatment for the advanced disease. However, limited attention has been paid to the features of the tumor microenvironment (TME) which might provide clinically relevant information and guide treatment regimen design. Especially, to date, there have been only a few studies focusing on the differences between the TME and genomic features preserved by TETs and TCs. We analyzed the TME and genomic characteristics of TETs using RNA sequencing and whole-exome sequencing, finding that distinct characteristics of TME in different pathogenic subtypes of TETs. According to those findings, we found that thymic carcinomas had significantly lower expression of HMGB1, a pro-inflammatory cytokine-related gene, than thymomas, and low HMGB1 expression was linked to a poor prognosis. Additionally, higher mutation burdens were significantly associated with the later stage and more advanced pathological types. Thymoma patients with lower mutation burdens tended to relapse within 3 years. In summary, different characteristics of TME and genomic features between thymoma and thymic carcinoma were associated with clinical outcomes of TETs and presented promisingly predictive value for efficacy and toxicity of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510050, Guangdong, China
| | - Suxia Lin
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510050, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongdong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaicheng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510050, Guangdong, China
| | - Zicheng Yu
- GenePlus-ShenzhenShenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhao Jia
- GenePlus-ShenzhenShenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510050, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510050, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Bai
- GenePlus-BeijingBeijing 100000, China
| | | | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510050, Guangdong, China
| | - Meichen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510050, Guangdong, China
| | - Likun Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510050, Guangdong, China
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24
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Soo J, Jin MC, Beadle BM, Holsinger FC, Finegersh A. Circulating tumor DNA in head and neck cancer: Early successes and future promise. Cancer 2022; 128:2061-2063. [PMID: 35298053 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
LAY SUMMARY The genetic components (DNA) of human papillomavirus-related throat cancer (in the oropharynx) might be measured after surgery to help to predict whether treatment has been successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Soo
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Michael C Jin
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Beth M Beadle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - F Christopher Holsinger
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Andrey Finegersh
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
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25
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Sodnom-Ish B, Eo MY, Myoung H, Lee JH, Kim SM. Next generation sequencing-based salivary biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 48:3-12. [PMID: 35221302 PMCID: PMC8890960 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2022.48.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection of potential disease-specific biomarkers from saliva or epithelial tissues through next generation sequencing (NGS)-based protein studies has recently become possible. The early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been difficult, if not impossible, until now due to the lack of an effective OSCC biomarker and efficient molecular validation method. The aim of this study was to summarize the advances in the application of NGS in cancer research and to propose potential proteomic and genomic saliva biomarkers for NGS-based study in OSCC screening and diagnosis programs. We have reviewed four categories including definitions and use of NGS, salivary biomarkers and OSCC, current biomarkers using the NGS-based technique, and potential salivary biomarker candidates in OSCC using NGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyanbileg Sodnom-Ish
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Young Eo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Myoung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soung Min Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Mishra V, Singh A, Chen X, Rosenberg AJ, Pearson AT, Zhavoronkov A, Savage PA, Lingen MW, Agrawal N, Izumchenko E. Application of liquid biopsy as multi-functional biomarkers in head and neck cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:361-370. [PMID: 34876674 PMCID: PMC8810877 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a molecularly heterogeneous disease, with a 5-year survival rate that still hovers at ~60% despite recent advancements. The advanced stage upon diagnosis, limited success with effective targeted therapy and lack of reliable biomarkers are among the key factors underlying the marginally improved survival rates over the decades. Prevention, early detection and biomarker-driven treatment adaptation are crucial for timely interventions and improved clinical outcomes. Liquid biopsy, analysis of tumour-specific biomarkers circulating in bodily fluids, is a rapidly evolving field that may play a striking role in optimising patient care. In recent years, significant progress has been made towards advancing liquid biopsies for non-invasive early cancer detection, prognosis, treatment adaptation, monitoring of residual disease and surveillance of recurrence. While these emerging technologies have immense potential to improve patient survival, numerous methodological and biological limitations must be overcome before their implementation into clinical practice. This review outlines the current state of knowledge on various types of liquid biopsies in HNSCC, and their potential applications for diagnosis, prognosis, grading treatment response and post-treatment surveillance. It also discusses challenges associated with the clinical applicability of liquid biopsies and prospects of the optimised approaches in the management of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alka Singh
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiangying Chen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ari J Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander T Pearson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Peter A Savage
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark W Lingen
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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27
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Trevisan França de Lima L, Müller Bark J, Rasheduzzaman M, Ekanayake Weeramange C, Punyadeera C. Saliva as a matrix for measurement of cancer biomarkers. Cancer Biomark 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824302-2.00008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Pérez-Ruiz E, Gutiérrez V, Muñoz M, Oliver J, Sánchez M, Gálvez-Carvajal L, Rueda-Domínguez A, Barragán I. Liquid Biopsy as a Tool for the Characterisation and Early Detection of the Field Cancerization Effect in Patients with Oral Cavity Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101478. [PMID: 34680596 PMCID: PMC8533108 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes approximately 25% of all head and neck cancer, for which the consumption of tobacco and alcohol are the main associated risk factors. The field cancerization effect of OSCC is one of the main reasons for the poor survival rates associated with this disease. Despite some advances, its ccharacterization and early diagnosis continue to challenge modern oncology, and the goal of improving the prognosis remains to be achieved. Among new early diagnostic tools for OSCC that have been proposed, liquid biopsy appears to be an ideal candidate, as studies have shown that the analysis of blood and saliva provides promising data for the early detection of relapses or second tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Pérez-Ruiz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Oncology Department, Institute of Biomedical Investigation of Malaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (V.G.); (M.M.); (L.G.-C.)
- Correspondence: (E.P.-R.); (A.R.-D.)
| | - Vanesa Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Oncology Department, Institute of Biomedical Investigation of Malaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (V.G.); (M.M.); (L.G.-C.)
| | - Marta Muñoz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Oncology Department, Institute of Biomedical Investigation of Malaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (V.G.); (M.M.); (L.G.-C.)
| | - Javier Oliver
- Researcher Unit, Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Institute of Biomedical Investigation of Malaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.O.); or (I.B.)
| | - Marta Sánchez
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Laura Gálvez-Carvajal
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Oncology Department, Institute of Biomedical Investigation of Malaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (V.G.); (M.M.); (L.G.-C.)
| | - Antonio Rueda-Domínguez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Oncology Department, Institute of Biomedical Investigation of Malaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (V.G.); (M.M.); (L.G.-C.)
- Correspondence: (E.P.-R.); (A.R.-D.)
| | - Isabel Barragán
- Researcher Unit, Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Institute of Biomedical Investigation of Malaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.O.); or (I.B.)
- Group of Pharmacoepigenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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The genomic architectures of tumour-adjacent tissues, plasma and saliva reveal evolutionary underpinnings of relapse in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:854-864. [PMID: 34230611 PMCID: PMC8438056 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterised by a dismal prognosis; nonetheless, limited studies have unveiled the mechanisms underlying HNSCC relapse. METHODS Next-generation sequencing was performed to identify the somatic mutations in 188 matched samples, including primary tumours, tumour-adjacent tissues (TATs), pre- and post-operative plasma, saliva and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from 27 patients. The evolutionary relationship between TATs and tumours were analysed. The dynamic changes of tumour- and TAT-specific mutations in liquid biopsies were monitored together with survival analysis. RESULTS Alterations were detected in 27 out of 27 and 19 out of 26 tumours and TATs, respectively. TP53 was the most prevalently mutated gene in TATs. Some TATs shared mutations with primary tumours, while some other TATs were evolutionarily unrelated to tumours. Notably, TP53 mutations in TATs are stringently associated with premalignant transformation and are indicative of worse survival (hazard ratio = 14.01). TAT-specific mutations were also detected in pre- and/or post-operative liquid biopsies and were indicative of disease relapse. CONCLUSIONS TATs might undergo the processes of premalignant transformation, tumorigenesis and eventually relapse by either inheriting tumorigenic mutations from ancestral clones where the tumour originated or gaining private mutations independent of primary tumours. Detection of tumour- and/or TAT-specific genetic alterations in post-operative biopsies shows profound potential in prognostic use.
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30
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Liquid Biopsies in Head and Neck Cancer: Current State and Future Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081874. [PMID: 33919778 PMCID: PMC8070729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are the seventh most frequent malignancy worldwide, consisting of a heterogeneous group of cancers that develop in the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) being the most common pathology. Due to limitations with screening and physical examination, HNSCC often presents in advanced disease states and is thus associated with poor survival. In this setting, liquid biopsies, or obtaining patient bodily fluid samples for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, may play a dramatic role in optimizing care for HNSCC patients. In recent years, there have been dramatic advancements in investigations focused on optimizing and implementing liquid biopsies in general, and specifically for HNSCC patients. Moving forward, there remain significant challenges in liquid biopsy technological development, as well as opportunities for the development of HNSCC liquid biopsy clinical trials and treatment paradigms. In this review, we discuss the current state of liquid biopsy technologies via circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA and exosomes, approaches in head and neck cancer, challenges to optimization and application of liquid biopsies for clinical study, and future prospects for this field of research as it applies to head and neck cancer.
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