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Ferraris M, Cassel JC, Pereira de Vasconcelos A, Stephan A, Quilichini PP. The nucleus reuniens, a thalamic relay for cortico-hippocampal interaction in recent and remote memory consolidation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:339-354. [PMID: 33631314 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The consolidation of declarative memories is believed to occur mostly during sleep and involves a dialogue between two brain regions, the hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex. The information encoded during experience by neuronal assemblies is replayed during sleep leading to the progressive strengthening and integration of the memory trace in the prefrontal cortex. The gradual transfer of information from the hippocampus to the medial prefrontal cortex for long-term storage requires the synchronization of cortico-hippocampal networks by different oscillations, like ripples, spindles, and slow oscillations. Recent studies suggest the involvement of a third partner, the nucleus reuniens, in memory consolidation. Its bidirectional connections with the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex place the reuniens in a key position to relay information between the two structures. Indeed, many topical works reveal the original role that the nucleus reuniens occupies in different recent and remote memories consolidation. This review aimed to examine these contributions, as well as its functional embedment in this complex memory network, and provide some insights on the possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Ferraris
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Cassel
- Laboratoire De Neurosciences Cognitives Et Adaptatives, Université De Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France; LNCA, UMR 7364 - CNRS, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Pereira de Vasconcelos
- Laboratoire De Neurosciences Cognitives Et Adaptatives, Université De Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France; LNCA, UMR 7364 - CNRS, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aline Stephan
- Laboratoire De Neurosciences Cognitives Et Adaptatives, Université De Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France; LNCA, UMR 7364 - CNRS, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
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Chuncher S, Somana R. Microvascularization of thalamus and metathalamus in common tree shrew (Tupaia glis). ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2006; 211:173-81. [PMID: 16456678 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-005-0070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The microangioarchitecture of the thalamus and metathalamus in common tree shrew (Tupaia glis) was studied using vascular corrosion cast/stereomicroscope and SEM technique. The arterial supply of the thalamus and metathalamus was found to originate from perforating branches of the posterior communicating artery, the posterior cerebral artery, the middle cerebral artery, and the anterior choroidal artery. These perforating arteries gave rise to numerous bipinnate arterioles which in turn, with decreasing vessel diameters, branched into a non-fenestrated capillary bed. Venous blood from the superficial parts of the thalamus and metathalamus was collected into the thalamocollicular vein, whereas venous blood from internal aspects of the thalamus was conveyed to the internal cerebral vein. Some venous blood from the most rostral part of the thalamus flowed into tributaries of the middle cerebral vein before draining into the cavernous sinus. Further, the thalamic and metathalamic vascular arrangement was found to be of centripetal type. In addition, thalamic arterial anastomosis was rarely observed. Thus, obstruction of thalamic blood supply could easily lead to thalamic infraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sununta Chuncher
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Phayathai, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand
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van Groen T, Kadish I, Wyss JM. Efferent connections of the anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus of the rat. BRAIN RESEARCH. BRAIN RESEARCH REVIEWS 1999; 30:1-26. [PMID: 10407123 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0173(99)00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The projections from the anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus (AM) were investigated using anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques. AM projects to nearly the entire rostrocaudal extent of limbic cortex and to visual cortex. Anteriorly, AM projects to medial orbital, frontal polar, precentral agranular, and infraradiata cortices. Posteriorly, AM projects to retrosplenial granular, entorhinal, perirhinal and presubicular cortices, and to the subiculum. Further, AM projects to visual cortical area 18b, and to the lateral and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala. AM projections are topographically organized, i.e., projections to different cortical areas arise from distinct parts of AM. The neurons projecting to rostral infraradiata cortex (IRalpha) are more caudally located in AM than the neurons projecting to caudal infraradiata cortex (IRbeta). The neuronal cell bodies that project to the terminal field in area 18b are located primarily in ventral and lateral parts of AM, whereas neurons projecting to perirhinal cortex and amygdala are more medially located in AM. Injections into the most caudal, medial part of AM (i.e., the interanteromedial [IAM] nucleus) label terminals in the rostral precentral agranular, caudal IRbeta, and caudal perirhinal cortices. Whereas most AM axons terminate in layers I and V-VI, exceptions to this pattern include area 18b (axons and terminals in layers I and IV-V), the retrosplenial granular cortex (axons and terminals in layers I and V), and the presubicular, perirhinal, and entorhinal cortices (axons and terminals predominantly in layer V). Together, these findings suggest that AM influences a widespread area of limbic cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- T van Groen
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Kuopio, Canthia Building, Kuopio, Finland
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Van Groen T, Wyss JM. Projections from the anterodorsal and anteroventral nucleus of the thalamus to the limbic cortex in the rat. J Comp Neurol 1995; 358:584-604. [PMID: 7593752 DOI: 10.1002/cne.903580411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study characterized the projections of the anterodorsal (AD) and the anteroventral (AV) thalamic nuclei to the limbic cortex. Both AD and AV project to the full extent of the retrosplenial granular cortex in a topographic pattern. Neurons in caudal parts of both nuclei project to rostral retrosplenial cortex, and neurons in rostral parts of both nuclei project to caudal retrosplenial cortex. Within AV, the magnocellular neurons project primarily to the retrosplenial granular a cortex, whereas the parvicellular neurons project mainly to the retrosplenial granular b cortex. AD projections to retrosplenial cortex terminate in very different patterns than do AV projections: The AD projection terminates with equal density in layers I, III, and IV of the retrosplenial granular cortex, whereas, in contrast, the AV projections terminate very densely in layer Ia and less densely in layer IV. Further, both AD and AV project densely to the postsubicular, presubicular, and parasubicular cortices and lightly to the entorhinal (only the most caudal part) cortex and to the subiculum proper (only the most septal part). Rostral parts of AD project equally to all three subicular cortices, whereas neurons in caudal AD project primarily to the postsubicular cortex. Compared to AD, neurons in AV have a less extensive projection to the subicular cortex, and this projection terminates primarily in the postsubicular and presubicular cortices. Further, the AD projection terminates in layers I, II/III, and V of postsubiculum, whereas the AV projection terminates only in layers I and V.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Van Groen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294, USA
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Allen LS, Gorski RA. Sexual dimorphism of the anterior commissure and massa intermedia of the human brain. J Comp Neurol 1991; 312:97-104. [PMID: 1744245 DOI: 10.1002/cne.903120108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroanatomical sex differences were observed in the midsagittal area of both the anterior commissure and the massa intermedia on analysis of postmortem tissue from 100 age-matched male and female individuals. The anterior commissure, a fiber tract whose axons in primates primarily connect the two temporal lobes, was an average of 12%, or 1.17 mm2 larger in females than in males. The massa intermedia, a structure that crosses the third ventricle between the two thalami, was present in 78% of the females and 68% of the males. Among subjects with a massa intermedia, the structure was an average of 53.3% or 17.5 mm2 larger in females than in males. Inclusive of subjects with and without a massa intermedia, this structure was a mean of 76% or 16.93 mm2 greater in females than in males. These sex differences were present despite the fact that the brains of males were larger than those of females. Since a majority of subjects were adults, it is unknown when sexual differentiation occurred. Anatomical sex differences in structures that connect the two cerebral hemispheres may, in part, underlie functional sex differences in cognitive function and cerebral lateralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024
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Abstract
The medial geniculate body in non-human species is divided into several parts, each with a different structure, physiological organization, and pattern of connections. Which parts of the human medial geniculate body and which types of neurons might be homologous to those of other species is unknown, and the object of the present study. The cytoarchitecture, fiber architecture, and neuronal organization of the adult human medial geniculate body were studied in Nissl, Golgi, and other preparations. Three divisions, comparable to those in other mammals, were described. The ventral division had a bimodal distribution of somatic sizes in Nissl material which, in Golgi impregnations, may correspond, respectively, to a larger neuron with bushy dendrites and a tufted branching pattern, and a smaller stellate cell with a radiating, spherical dendritic field. The large neurons formed clusters surrounded by a particular pattern of neuropil which, together, constituted fibro-dendritic laminae whose long axis was oriented medio-laterally in parallel sheets or rows. The dorsal division was dominated by small and medium-sized somata representing at least three populations of neurons in the Golgi preparations. The large stellate cell had a radiate dendritic field and a dichotomous branching pattern; an equally large neuron with an elongated, multiangular perikaryon and bushy dendritic arbors forming tufts also occurred. Blended among these larger neurons were many smaller cells with tiny, flask-shaped, round, or drumstick-like perikarya, limited dendritic fields and thin dendrites, and poorly developed stellate or bushy dendritic configurations. In the medial division, larger somata were more common than in the other medial geniculate divisions, but small cells were present in considerable numbers. The fiber architecture and the different kinds of neurons distinguished the three major divisions and the nuclei within them. Thus, the ventral nucleus had long fascicles of axons running parallel to the dendrites of bushy neurons, while the marginal and ovoid nuclei had a different organization. The dorsal division had a more diffuse, irregular arrangement of thinner axons interspersed among bundles of coarser fibers, whereas the medial division was traversed by many coarse preterminal axons passing laterally and dorsally from the brachium of the inferior colliculus; these imparted a striated pattern to the neuropil. Regional variation in cytoarchitecture and the fiber plexus defined several nuclei in each subdivision, except in the medial division, where the density of the staining made further subdivision impossible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Armstrong E. A quantitative comparison of the hominoid thalamus: II. Limbic nuclei anterior principalis and lateralis dorsalis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 1980; 52:43-54. [PMID: 6768304 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330520107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Structures in the limbic system are commonly thought to be similar in form and function in all mammalian brains. In the study reported here, two thalamic limbic nuclei, N. anterior principalis and N. lateralis dorsalis, were compared among a group of extant hominoids. The nuclear volumes, neuronal densities, numbers of neurons per nucleus, and columes of neuronal perikarya were measured. Humans have much larger nuclei but the nuclei constitute a similar proportion of the whole thalamus as found in the other hominoids. Whereas the human limbic nuclei were observed to have a decrease in the densities of nerve cells compared with those of the other hominoids, this difference is less than that found in most other thalamic nuclei. Consequently the estimated number of neurons is much higher for humans. The total number of neurons best separates the human limbic nuclei from those of the other hominoids. This preliminary study suggests that during hominid evolution neurons were preferentially added to the limbic nuclei of the thalamus.
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Faglioni P. Specializzazione Anatomo-Funzionale della Corteccia e Organizzazione del Gesto. Contributo della Sperimentazione Animale allo Studio Dell'Aprassia. Cortex 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-9452(79)80084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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McBride RL, Sutin J. Projections of the locus coeruleus and adjacent pontine tegmentum in the cat. J Comp Neurol 1976; 165:265-84. [PMID: 1270609 DOI: 10.1002/cne.901650302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The projections of the locus coeruleus and adjacent pontine tegmentum have been studied using anatomical and physiological methods in the cat. Axonal trajectories were traced using either the Fink-Heimer I method following electrolytic lesions, or the autoradiographic method after injection of tritiated proline into the nucleus. Results with both methods were similar. Axons of locus noeruleus neurons ascended ipsilaterally through the mesencephalon lateral to the medial longitudinal fasiculus, ventrolateral to the central gray. In the caudal diencephalon, the ascending fibers entered the centrum medianum-parafascicular complex where they diverged into two fascicles: a dorsal fascicle which terminated in the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus, and a ventral fascicle which gave off fibers to the ventrobasal complex and reticular nucleus of the thalamus while continuing centrolaterally into the lateral hypothalamus medial to the internal capsule. Fibers of the ventral fascicle ascended in the lateral hypothalamus and zona incerta and were traced through the preoptic region into the septum. Fibers could not be consistently traced to the cerebral cortex, and were not seen at all in the cerebellum. Throughout the ascending course of the path from the locus coeruleus, axons were given off to the pretectal area, the medial and lateral geniculate nuclei and the amygdala; fibers passed contralaterally through the posterior commissure, the midline thalamus, and the supraoptic commissure. Fibers descending from the locus coeruleus surrounded the intramedullary portion of the facial nerve and further caudally were observed ventrolateral to the hypoglossal and dorsal vagal nuclei. The axonal trajectories visualized with degeneration and autoradiographic methods followed closely those previously shown for reticular formation neurons, but were also similar to locus coeruleus projections revealed by histofluorescence methods. After injections of horseradish peroxidase into the centrum medianum-parafascicular complex, lateral hypothalamus or preoptic region, labeled neurons were located in the locus coeruleus, nucleus subcoeruleus, and lateral parabrachial nucleus. Reticular formation neurons were not labeled. Neurons in locus coeruleus and adjacent pontine tegmentum could be antidromically activated by stimulation in the rostral midbrain or caudal diencephalon. Our data indicate that both adrenergic and non-adrenergic neurons of the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum have similar projections.
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Rakić P, Sidman RL. Telencephalic origin of pulvinar neurons in the fetal human brain. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANATOMIE UND ENTWICKLUNGSGESCHICHTE 1969; 129:53-82. [PMID: 4186810 DOI: 10.1007/bf00521955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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JACOBSON S. SEQUENCE OF MYELINIZATION IN THE BRAIN OF THE ALBINO RAT. A. CEREBRAL CORTEX, THALAMUS AND RELATED STRUCTURES. J Comp Neurol 1963; 121:5-29. [PMID: 14051846 DOI: 10.1002/cne.901210103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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PROLO DJ, STILWELL DL. Arterial supply of the diencephalon and some associated areas of the rabbit brain. J Comp Neurol 1962; 119:229-54. [PMID: 13986348 DOI: 10.1002/cne.901190208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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DEKABAN A. Human thalamus; an anatomical, developmental and pathological study. I. Division of the human adult thalamus into nuclei by use of the cyto-myelo-architectonic method. J Comp Neurol 1953; 99:639-83. [PMID: 13118005 DOI: 10.1002/cne.900990309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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SLOANE MWM. The diencephalon of the mink. I. The nuclear pattern of the dorsal thalamus. J Comp Neurol 1951; 95:463-519. [PMID: 14907910 DOI: 10.1002/cne.900950305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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von Bonin G, Green JR. Connections between orbital cortex and diencephalon in the macaque. J Comp Neurol 1949; 90:243-54. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.900900206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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ROSE JE, WOOLSEY CN. Structure and relations of limbic cortex and anterior thalamic nuclei in rabbit and cat. J Comp Neurol 1948; 89:279-347. [PMID: 18103781 DOI: 10.1002/cne.900890307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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