1
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Arun A, Tay HM, Beer PD. Mechanically interlocked host systems for ion-pair recognition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39300837 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03916e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
The ever-increasing interest directed towards the construction of host architectures capable of the strong and selective recognition of various ionic species of biological, medical and environmental importance has identified mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), such as rotaxanes and catenanes, as potent host systems, owing to their unique three-dimensional topologically preorganised cavity recognition environments. Ion-pair receptors are steadily gaining prominence over monotopic receptor analogues due to their enhanced binding strength and selectivity, demonstrated primarily through acyclic and macrocyclic heteroditopic host systems. Exploiting the mechanical bond for ion-pair recognition through the strategic design of neutral heteroditopic MIMs offers exciting opportunities to accomplish potent and effective binding while mitigating competing interactions from the bulk solvent and counter-ions. This review details the design and ion-pair recognition capabilities of rotaxanes and catenanes employing hydrogen bonding (HB) and halogen bonding (XB) motifs, providing valuable insight into the burgeoning field and inspiration for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Arun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Rodney Porter Building, Sibthorp Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Hui Min Tay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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2
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Munasinghe VK, Tay HM, Manawadu D, Pancholi J, Zhang Z, Beer PD. Lithium chloride selective ion-pair recognition by heteroditopic [2]rotaxanes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:14219-14225. [PMID: 39115089 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01807a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The first heteroditopic [2]rotaxane host systems capable of strong and selective binding of lithium chloride ion-pair species are described. Importantly, a cooperative 'switch on' mechanism was found to operate, in which complexation of a lithium metal cation enhances the halide anion affinity of the rotaxanes via a combination of favourable proximal electrostatic and preorganised allosteric effects. The mechanically bonded rotaxane host design features a macrocycle component possessing a 2,6-dialkoxy pyridyl cation binding motif and an isophthalamide anion binding group, as well as an axle component functionalised with either a halogen bonding (XB) iodotriazole or hydrogen bonding (HB) prototriazole moiety. Extensive quantitative 1H NMR titration studies in CD3CN/CDCl3 solvent mixtures determined enhanced ion-pair binding affinities for lithium halides over the corresponding sodium or potassium halide salts, with the axle prototriazole-containing HB rotaxane in particular demonstrating a marked selectivity for lithium chloride. Solid-state X-ray crystallographic studies and computational DFT investigations provide evidence for a [2]rotaxane host axle-separated ion-pair binding mode, in which complementary cation and anion binding motifs from both the macrocycle and axle components act convergently to recognise each of the charged guest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vihanga K Munasinghe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Hui Min Tay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Dilhan Manawadu
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Jessica Pancholi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Zongyao Zhang
- Chemistry Department, King's College London, Britannia House, London SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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3
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Tay HM, Docker A, Hua C, Beer PD. Selective sodium halide over potassium halide binding and extraction by a heteroditopic halogen bonding [2]catenane. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13074-13081. [PMID: 39148789 PMCID: PMC11322978 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03381g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and ion-pair binding properties of a heteroditopic [2]catenane receptor exhibiting highly potent and selective recognition of sodium halide salts are described. The receptor design consists of a bidentate halogen bonding donor motif for anion binding, as well as a di(ethylene glycol)-derived cation binding pocket which dramatically enhances metal cation affinity over previously reported homo[2]catenane analogues. 1H NMR cation, anion and ion-pair binding studies reveal significant positive cooperativity between the cation and anion binding events in which cation pre-complexation to the catenane subsequently 'switches-on' anion binding. Notably, the heteroditopic catenane displayed impressive selectivity for sodium halide recognition over the corresponding potassium halides. We further demonstrate that the catenane is capable of extracting solid alkali metal salts into organic media. Crucially, the observed solution phase binding selectivity for sodium halides translates to superior functional extraction capabilities of these salts relative to potassium halides, overcoming the comparatively higher lattice enthalpies NaX > KX dictated by the smaller alkali metal sodium cation. This is further exemplified in competitive solid-liquid experiments which revealed the exclusive extraction of sodium halide salts from solid mixtures of sodium and potassium halide salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min Tay
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Andrew Docker
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Carol Hua
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Paul D Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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4
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Heo NJ, Oh JH, Li A, Lee K, He Q, Sessler JL, Kim SK. Ion pair extractant selective for LiCl and LiBr. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03760j. [PMID: 39144460 PMCID: PMC11317791 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03760j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Improved methods for achieving the selective extraction of lithium salts from lithium sources, including rocky ores, salt-lake brines, and end-of-life lithium-ion batteries, could help address projected increases in the demand for lithium. Here, we report an ion pair receptor (2) capable of extracting LiCl and LiBr into an organic receiving phase both from the solid state and from aqueous solutions. Ion pair receptor 2 consists of a calix[4]pyrrole framework, which acts as an anion binding site, linked to a phenanthroline cation binding motif via ether linkages. Receptor 2 binds MgBr2 and CaCl2 with high selectivity over the corresponding lithium salts in a nonpolar aprotic solvent. The preference for Mg2+ and Ca2+ salts is reversed in polar protic media, allowing receptor 2 to complex LiCl and LiBr with high selectivity and affinity in organic media containing methanol or water. The effectiveness of receptor 2 as an extractant for LiCl and LiBr under liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) conditions was found to be enhanced by the presence of other potentially competitive salts in the aqueous source phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Jung Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Jinju 52828 Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Jinju 52828 Korea
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Kyounghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Jinju 52828 Korea
| | - Qing He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th Street-Stop A5300 Austin Texas 78712-1224 USA
| | - Sung Kuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Jinju 52828 Korea
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5
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Docker A, Tse YC, Tay HM, Zhang Z, Beer PD. Ammonium halide selective ion pair recognition and extraction with a chalcogen bonding heteroditopic receptor. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11141-11146. [PMID: 38888623 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The first example of a heteroditopic receptor capable of cooperative recognition and extraction of ammonium salt (NH4X) ion-pairs is described. Consisting of a bidentate 3,5-bis-tellurotriazole chalcogen bond donor binding cleft, the appendage of benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5) substituents to the tellurium centres facilitates binding of the ammonium cation via a co-facial bis-B15C5 sandwich complex, which serves to switch on chalcogen bonding-mediated anion binding potency. Extensive quantitative ion-pair recognition 1H NMR titration studies in CD3CN/CDCl3 (1 : 1, v/v) solvent media reveal impressive ion-pair binding affinities towards a variety of ammonium halide, nitrate and thiocyanate salts, with the heteroditopic receptor displaying notable ammonium halide salt selectivity. The prodigious solution phase NH4X recognition also translates to efficient solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Docker
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yuen Cheong Tse
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Hui Min Tay
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Zongyao Zhang
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Paul D Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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6
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Pramanik S, Islam ASM, Ghosh I, Ghosh P. Supramolecular chemistry of liquid-liquid extraction. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7824-7847. [PMID: 38817569 PMCID: PMC11134359 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00933a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) is a venerable and widely used method for the separation of a targeted solute between two immiscible liquids. In recent years, this method has gained popularity in the supramolecular chemistry community due to the development of various types of synthetic receptors that effectively and selectively bind specific guests in an aqueous medium through different supramolecular interactions. This has eventually led to the development of state-of-the-art extraction technologies for the removal and purification of anions, cations, ion pairs, and small molecules from one liquid phase to another liquid phase, which is an industrially viable method. The focus of this perspective is to furnish a vivid picture of the current understanding of supramolecular interaction-based LLE chemistry. This will not only help to improve separation technology in the chemical, mining, nuclear waste treatment, and medicinal chemistry sectors but is also useful to address the purity issue of the extractable species, which is otherwise difficult. Thus, up-to-date knowledge on this subject will eventually provide opportunities to develop large-scale waste remediation processes and metallurgy applications that can address important real-life problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Pramanik
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Abu S M Islam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Iti Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata 700032 India
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7
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Delecluse M, Manick AD, Chatelet B, Chevallier-Michaud S, Moraleda D, Riggi ID, Dutasta JP, Martinez A. Ditopic Covalent Cage for Ion-Pair Binding: Influence of Anion Complexation on the Cation Exchange Rate. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300558. [PMID: 37950861 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
A new hemicryptophane host with a ditopic molecular cavity combining a cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) unit with a tris-urea moiety was synthesized. The complexation of halides, tetramethylammonium (TMA+) cation, and ion pairs was investigated. A positive cooperativity was observed, since halides display a higher binding constant when a TMA+ cation is already present inside the cage. When TMA+ was complexed alone, a decrease of temperature from 298 K to 230 K was required to switch from a fast to a slow exchange regime on the NMR time scale. Nevertheless, the prior complexation of a halide guest in the lower part of the host resulted in significant decrease of the exchange rate of the subsequent complexation of the TMA+ cation. Under these conditions, the 1H NMR signals characteristic of a slow exchange regime were observed at 298 K. Addition of an excess of salts, increases the ionic strength of the solution, restoring the fast exchange dynamics. This result provides insight on how the exchange rate of a cation guest can be modulated by the complexation of a co-guest anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Delecluse
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2, UMR 7113, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Doriane Manick
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Institut de Chimie, Radicalaire, UMR 7273, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Bastien Chatelet
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2, UMR 7113, 13397, Marseille, France
| | | | - Delphine Moraleda
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2, UMR 7113, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Innocenzo de Riggi
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2, UMR 7113, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Dutasta
- ENS Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Martinez
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2, UMR 7113, 13397, Marseille, France
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8
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Wilmore JT, Beer PD. Exploiting the Mechanical Bond Effect for Enhanced Molecular Recognition and Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309098. [PMID: 38174657 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquity of charged species in biological and industrial processes has resulted in ever-increasing interest in their selective recognition, detection, and environmental remediation. Building on the established coordination chemistry principles of the chelate and macrocyclic effects, and host preorganization, supramolecular chemists seek to construct specific 3D binding cavities reminiscent of biotic systems to enhance host-guest binding affinity and selectivity. Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) present a wholly unique platform for synthetic host design, wherein topologies afforded by the mechanical bond enable the decoration of 3D cavities for non-covalent interactions with a range of target guest geometries. Notably, MIM host systems exhibit mechanical bond effect augmented affinities and selectivities for a variety of charged guest species, compared to non-interlocked acyclic and macrocycle host analogs. Furthermore, the modular nature of MIM synthesis facilitates incorporation of optical and electrochemical reporter groups, enabling fabrication of highly sensitive and specific molecular sensors. This review discusses the development of recognition and sensing MIMs, from the first reports in the late 20th century through to the present day, delineating how their topologically preorganized and dynamic host cavities enhance charged guest recognition and sensing, demonstrating the mechanical bond effect as a potent tool in future chemosensing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie T Wilmore
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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9
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Bąk K, Marques I, Kuhn H, Christensen KE, Félix V, Beer PD. Fullerene-Functionalized Halogen-Bonding Heteroditopic Hosts for Ion-Pair Recognition. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27367-27379. [PMID: 38060428 PMCID: PMC10739994 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite their hydrophobic surfaces with localized π-holes and rigid well-defined architectures providing a scaffold for preorganizing binding motifs, fullerenes remain unexplored as potential supramolecular host platforms for the recognition of anions. Herein, we present the first example of the rational design, synthesis, and unique recognition properties of novel fullerene-functionalized halogen-bonding (XB) heteroditopic ion-pair receptors containing cation and anion binding domains spatially separated by C60. Fullerene spatial separation of the XB donors and the crown ether complexed potassium cation resulted in a rare example of an artificial receptor containing two anion binding sites with opposing preferences for hard and soft halides. Importantly, the incorporation of the C60 motif into the heteroditopic receptor structure has a significant effect on the halide binding selectivity, which is further amplified upon K+ cation binding. The potassium cation complexed fullerene-based receptors exhibit enhanced selectivity for the soft polarizable iodide ion which is assisted by the C60 scaffold preorganizing the potent XB-based binding domains, anion-π interactions, and the exceptional polarizability of the fullerene moiety, as evidenced from DFT calculations. These observations serve to highlight the unique properties of fullerene surfaces for proximal charged guest binding with potential applications in construction of selective molecular sensors and modulating the properties of solar cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof
M. Bąk
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Igor Marques
- CICECO
- Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Heike Kuhn
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Vítor Félix
- CICECO
- Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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10
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Bunchuay T, Khianjinda T, Srisawat P, Tse YC, Gateley C, Beer PD. Enhanced anion recognition by ammonium [2]catenane functionalisation of a halogen bonding acyclic receptor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13615-13618. [PMID: 37901989 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03269h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium-dibenzo[24]crown-8 [2]catenane functionalisation of a 3,5-bis-iodotriazole-pyridine motif produces a potent halogen bonding (XB) receptor capable of binding anions in aqueous-acetone solvent mixtures of up to 20% water. Exploiting the kinetically inert nature of the mechanically bonded cationic ammonium [2]catenane substituents, the XB receptor is demonstrated to exhibit superior anion recognition behaviour in comparison to labile sodium cation complexed bis-benzo[15]crown-5 XB and HB triazole-pyridine heteroditopic receptor analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanthapatra Bunchuay
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Theerapat Khianjinda
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Pasit Srisawat
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Yuen Cheong Tse
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Christian Gateley
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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11
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Marcos PM, Berberan-Santos MN. Fluorescent homooxacalixarenes: recent applications in supramolecular systems. Front Chem 2023; 11:1258026. [PMID: 37867994 PMCID: PMC10587604 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1258026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers recent advances (from 2006 to date) in supramolecular systems based on fluorescent homooxacalixarenes, namely hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arenes, dihomooxacalix[4]arenes and tetrahomodioxacalix[4]arenes, focusing on fluorescence sensing using their intrinsic fluorescence (built-in mesitol-like groups) or the extrinsic fluorescence of organic fluorophores, either covalently linked to the calixarenes or forming supramolecular complexes with them. Sensing applications of ions, ion pairs and neutral molecules are discussed, as well as the potential measurement of temperature based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M. Marcos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mário N. Berberan-Santos
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Associate Laboratory for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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12
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Arun A, Docker A, Min Tay H, Beer PD. Squaramide-Based Heteroditopic [2]Rotaxanes for Sodium Halide Ion-Pair Recognition. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301446. [PMID: 37300836 PMCID: PMC10946609 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of squaramide-based heteroditopic [2]rotaxanes consisting of isophthalamide macrocycle and squaramide axle components are synthesized using an alkali metal cation template-directed stoppering methodology. This work highlights the unprecedented sodium cation template coordination of the Lewis basic squaramide carbonyls for interlocked structure synthesis. Extensive quantitative 1 H NMR spectroscopic anion and ion-pair recognition studies reveal the [2]rotaxane hosts are capable of cooperative sodium halide ion-pair mechanical bond axle-macrocycle component recognition, eliciting up to 20-fold enhancements in binding strengths for bromide and iodide, wherein the Lewis basic carbonyls and Lewis acidic NH hydrogen bond donors of the squaramide axle motif operate as cation and anion receptive sites simultaneously in an ambidentate fashion. Notably, varying the length and nature of the polyether cation binding unit of the macrocycle component dramatically influences the ion-pair binding affinities of the [2]rotaxanes, even overcoming direct contact NaCl ion-pair binding modes in polar organic solvents. Furthermore, the cooperative ion-pair binding properties of the squaramide-based heteroditopic [2]rotaxanes are exploited to successfully extract solid sodium halide salts into organic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Arun
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOX1 3TAOxfordUK
| | - Andrew Docker
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOX1 3TAOxfordUK
| | - Hui Min Tay
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOX1 3TAOxfordUK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOX1 3TAOxfordUK
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13
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Lavendomme R, Moerkerke S, Mariaule G, Jabin I. Selective binding of oxalate by a tris-ureido calix[6]tube in a protic environment. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6730-6737. [PMID: 37547927 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00947e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to their significant role in industry and biological systems, the interest in selectively recognizing and detecting small dicarboxylates has grown in recent years. In this study, we report on the binding properties of a family of tubular-shaped heterotritopic receptors based on bis-calix[6]arenes, which contain three (thio)urea bridges (C3U and C3TU) or six urea bridges (C6U), toward dicarboxylates. While poor binding properties were observed by NMR for the newly synthesized C6U, receptors C3U and C3TU exhibited a unique ability to cooperatively complex a dicarboxylate anion sandwiched between two ammonium ions. The three ions are complexed in contact and aligned within the tubular shape of the receptor, forming cascade complexes that are stable even in a competitive environment. The different binding properties between the receptors were rationalized in terms of size, flexibility, H-bond donor ability, and intramolecular H-bonding within the anion binding pocket between the calixarene cavities. With C3U, a rare selectivity for oxalate over other small dicarboxylates and various bicharged anions was observed. Molecular modeling of the cascade complex indicated that the oxalate anion is stabilized by an array of hydrogen bonds with the urea bridges of the receptor and both propylammonium cations nested within the calixarene cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Lavendomme
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Steven Moerkerke
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Gaëlle Mariaule
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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14
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Guo SY, Zhang ZA, Tong S, Guo QH, Hua R, Wang MX. Tetrahomo corona[4]arene-based spirophanes: synthesis, structure, and properties. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8393-8400. [PMID: 37564407 PMCID: PMC10411623 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02417b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to a plethora of macrocyclic and cage compounds, spirophanes have remained largely unexplored. We report herein the construction, structure and properties of unprecedented tetrahomo corona[4]arene-based ditopic and tritopic macrocycles of spiro structures. Synthesis was conveniently achieved by means of an efficient SNAr reaction from simple and commercially available starting materials. Racemic samples were resolved into enantiopure chiral tetrahomo i-corona[4]arenes, spirophanes and bispirophanes which show interesting chiroptical properties. The acquired electron-deficient macrocyclic compounds were found to adopt unique conformational structures and to form distinct complexes with TTF in the solid state. Our study provides a new opportunity to develop multitopic macrocycles of different topologies which have potential applications in supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zhuo-Ang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shuo Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qing-Hui Guo
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Ruimao Hua
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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15
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de Jong J, Bos JE, Wezenberg SJ. Stimulus-Controlled Anion Binding and Transport by Synthetic Receptors. Chem Rev 2023; 123:8530-8574. [PMID: 37342028 PMCID: PMC10347431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Anionic species are omnipresent and involved in many important biological processes. A large number of artificial anion receptors has therefore been developed. Some of these are capable of mediating transmembrane transport. However, where transport proteins can respond to stimuli in their surroundings, creation of synthetic receptors with stimuli-responsive functions poses a major challenge. Herein, we give a full overview of the stimulus-controlled anion receptors that have been developed thus far, including their application in membrane transport. In addition to their potential operation as membrane carriers, the use of anion recognition motifs in forming responsive membrane-spanning channels is discussed. With this review article, we intend to increase interest in transmembrane transport among scientists working on host-guest complexes and dynamic functional systems in order to stimulate further developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sander J. Wezenberg
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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16
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Li SR, Tan YM, Zhang L, Zhou CH. Comprehensive Insights into Medicinal Research on Imidazole-Based Supramolecular Complexes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1348. [PMID: 37242590 PMCID: PMC10222694 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The electron-rich five-membered aromatic aza-heterocyclic imidazole, which contains two nitrogen atoms, is an important functional fragment widely present in a large number of biomolecules and medicinal drugs; its unique structure is beneficial to easily bind with various inorganic or organic ions and molecules through noncovalent interactions to form a variety of supramolecular complexes with broad medicinal potential, which is being paid an increasing amount of attention regarding more and more contributions to imidazole-based supramolecular complexes for possible medicinal application. This work gives systematical and comprehensive insights into medicinal research on imidazole-based supramolecular complexes, including anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory aspects as well as ion receptors, imaging agents, and pathologic probes. The new trend of the foreseeable research in the near future toward imidazole-based supramolecular medicinal chemistry is also prospected. It is hoped that this work provides beneficial help for the rational design of imidazole-based drug molecules and supramolecular medicinal agents and more effective diagnostic agents and pathological probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Rui Li
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yi-Min Tan
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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17
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Dhara A, Fadler RE, Chen Y, Köttner LA, Van Craen D, Carta V, Flood AH. Orthogonal, modular anion-cation and cation-anion self-assembly using pre-programmed anion binding sites. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2585-2595. [PMID: 36908961 PMCID: PMC9993851 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05121d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcomponent self-assembly relies on cation coordination whereas the roles of anions often only emerge during the assembly process. When sites for anions are instead pre-programmed, they have the potential to be used as orthogonal elements to build up structure in a predictable and modular way. We explore this idea by combining cation (M+) and anion (X-) binding sites together and show the orthogonal and modular build up of structure in a multi-ion assembly. Cation binding is based on a ligand (L) made by subcomponent metal-imine chemistry (M+ = Cu+, Au+) while the site for anion binding (X- = BF4 -, ClO4 -) derives from the inner cavity of cyanostar (CS) macrocycles. The two sites are connected by imine condensation between a pyridyl-aldehyde and an aniline-modified cyanostar. The target assembly [LM-CS-X-CS-ML],+ generates two terminal metal complexation sites (LM and ML) with one central anion-bridging site (X) defined by cyanostar dimerization. We showcase modular assembly by isolating intermediates when the primary structure-directing ions are paired with weakly coordinating counter ions. Cation-directed (Cu+) or anion-bridged (BF4 -) intermediates can be isolated along either cation-anion or anion-cation pathways. Different products can also be prepared in a modular way using Au+ and ClO4 -. This is also the first use of gold(i) in subcomponent self-assembly. Pre-programmed cation and anion binding sites combine with judicious selection of spectator ions to provide modular noncovalent syntheses of multi-component architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Rachel E Fadler
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA .,Wayne State University Law School, Wayne State University 471 W Palmer Ave Detroit MI 48202 USA
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Laura A Köttner
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA .,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - David Van Craen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universität Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
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18
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Bektas N, Aydogan A. A poly-pseudorotaxane constructed by threading pillar[5]arene onto an ion-pair recognition-based calix[4]pyrrole supramolecular polymer. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1862-1867. [PMID: 36799237 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02268k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The ion-pair recognition ability of calix[4]pyrrole was utilized to form a multicomponent monomeric assembly and a linear supramolecular polymer via concurrent anion and bis-cation complexation. The inherent dynamic interactions of these assemblies were further used to construct pseudorotaxanes in monomeric and supramolecular polymer forms with pillar[5]arene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necla Bektas
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Abdullah Aydogan
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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19
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David AHG, Goodwin RJ, White NG. Supramolecular chemistry of two new bis(1,2,3-triazolyl)pyridine macrocycles: metal complexation, self-assembly and anion binding. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1902-1912. [PMID: 36722436 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03985k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Two new macrocycles containing the bis(1,2,3-triazolyl)pyridine (btp) motif were prepared in high yields from a btp diazide precursor (1). Solution 1H NMR studies show that this diazide undergoes self-assembly with divalent transition metal ions to form ML2 complexes with pendant azide groups, apparently suitable for conversion into metal-templated catenanes; however attempts to form these catenanes were unsuccessful. Instead a new macrocycle containing two btp motifs was prepared, which forms a nanotube structure in the solid state. Reduction of the azide groups to amines followed by amide bond formation was used to convert 1 into macrocycle 8 containing btp and isophthalamide functionalities. This macrocycle binds halide and oxalate anions in acetonitrile solely through the isophthalamide motif, and binds aromatic dicarboxylates very strongly through both the isophthalamide amide donors and the btp triazole donors. The macrocycle was complexed with Pd(II) and the resulting complexes were shown to bind strongly to halide anions. The solid state structures of [Pd·8·X]BF4 (X = Cl-, Br-, I-) were investigated by X-ray crystallography, which showed that [Pd·8·Br] forms an unusual "chain of dimers" structure assembled by metal complexation, N-H⋯Br- hydrogen bonding and short Pd⋯Pd contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur H G David
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia. .,Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Rosemary J Goodwin
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Nicholas G White
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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20
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Taylor AJ, Docker A, Beer PD. Allosteric and Electrostatic Cooperativity in a Heteroditopic Halogen Bonding Receptor System. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201170. [PMID: 36516344 PMCID: PMC10107604 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A halogen bonding (XB) heteroditopic receptor, consisting of a 1,3-bis-iodo-triazole benzene XB anion binding site covalently appended via a flexible methylene group with two benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5) cation binding moieties, and its hydrogen bonding receptor analogue, are used to delineate the mechanisms of cooperativity for alkali metal halide ion-pair recognition. Extensive cation, anion and ion-pair 1 H NMR titration investigations demonstrate the combination of allosteric pre-organisation, via 1 : 1 stoichiometric intramolecular potassium and rubidium metal cation bis-B15C5 sandwich complexation, in concert with favourable electrostatics and XB potency, results in a remarkable enhancement of halide anion binding affinity by a factor of at least 700. By contrast, a notably diminished halide anion affinity enhancement factor of just 15 is observed with the corresponding 1 : 1 stoichiometric sodium cation complexed receptor system, where the smaller sized cation singly occupies one B15C5 unit and only an electrostatic contribution to cooperativity is possible. These observations serve to illustrate that allosteric pre-organisation capability, electrostatic attraction and XB mediated anion recognition are important strategic design features to incorporate in future high-fidelity heteroditopic ion-pair receptor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Taylor
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Andrew Docker
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Paul D Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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21
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Tay HM, Tse YC, Docker A, Gateley C, Thompson AL, Kuhn H, Zhang Z, Beer PD. Halogen-Bonding Heteroditopic [2]Catenanes for Recognition of Alkali Metal/Halide Ion Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214785. [PMID: 36440816 PMCID: PMC10108176 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of halogen bonding (XB) heteroditopic homo[2]catenanes were prepared by discrete Na+ template-directed assembly of oligo(ethylene glycol) units derived from XB donor-containing macrocycles and acyclic bis-azide precursors, followed by a CuI -mediated azide-alkyne cycloaddition macrocyclisation reaction. Extensive 1 H NMR spectroscopic studies show the [2]catenane hosts exhibit positive cooperative ion-pair recognition behaviour, wherein XB-mediated halide recognition is enhanced by alkali metal cation pre-complexation. Notably, subtle changes in the catenanes' oligo(ethylene glycol) chain length dramatically alters their ion-binding affinity, stoichiometry, complexation mode, and conformational dynamics. Solution-phase and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies provide evidence for competing host-separated and direct-contact ion-pair binding modes. We further demonstrate the [2]catenanes are capable of extracting solid alkali-metal halide salts into organic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min Tay
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Yuen Cheong Tse
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongP. R. China
| | - Andrew Docker
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Christian Gateley
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Amber L. Thompson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Heike Kuhn
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Zongyao Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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22
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Chen D, Luo D, He Y, Tian J, Yu Y, Wang H, Sessler JL, Chi X. Calix[4]pyrrole-Based Azo-Bridged Porous Organic Polymer for Bromine Capture. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16755-16760. [PMID: 36085555 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity, corrosiveness, and volatility of elemental bromine presents challenges for its safe storage and transportation. Purification from other halogens is also difficult. Here, we report an easy-to-prepare calix[4]pyrrole-based azo-bridged porous organic polymer (C4P-POP) that supports efficient bromine capture. C4P-POP was found to capture bromine as a vapor and from a cyclohexane source phase with maximum uptake capacities of 3.6 and 3.4 g·g-1, respectively. Flow-through adsorption experiments revealed that C4P-POP removes 80% of the bromine from a 4.0 mM cyclohexane solution at a flow rate of 45 mL·h-1. C4P-POP also allowed the selective capture of bromine from a 1:1 mixture of bromine and iodine in cyclohexane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yanlei He
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinya Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, and Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis, Shanghai. University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Xiaodong Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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23
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Munasinghe VK, Pancholi J, Manawadu D, Zhang Z, Beer PD. Mechanical Bond Enhanced Lithium Halide Ion-Pair Binding by Halogen Bonding Heteroditopic Rotaxanes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201209. [PMID: 35621330 PMCID: PMC9541756 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A family of novel halogen bonding (XB) and hydrogen bonding (HB) heteroditopic [2]rotaxane host systems constructed by active metal template (AMT) methodology, were studied for their ability to cooperatively recognise lithium halide (LiX) ion-pairs. 1 H NMR ion-pair titration experiments in CD3 CN:CDCl3 solvent mixtures revealed a notable "switch-on" of halide anion binding in the presence of a co-bound lithium cation, with rotaxane hosts demonstrating selectivity for LiBr over LiI. The strength of halide binding was shown to greatly increase with increasing number of halogen bond donors integrated into the interlocked cavity, where an all-XB rotaxane was found to be the most potent host for LiBr. DFT calculations corroborated these findings, determining the mode of LiX ion-pair binding. Notably, ion-pair binding was not observed with the corresponding XB/HB macrocycles alone, highlighting the cooperative, heteroditopic, rotaxane axle-macrocycle component mechanical bond effect as an efficient strategy for ion-pair recognition in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vihanga K. Munasinghe
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX13TAUK
| | - Jessica Pancholi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX13TAUK
| | - Dilhan Manawadu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Physical and Theoretical Chemistry LaboratoryOxfordOX13QZUK
| | - Zongyao Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX13TAUK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX13TAUK
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24
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Docker A, Marques I, Kuhn H, Zhang Z, Félix V, Beer PD. Selective Potassium Chloride Recognition, Sensing, Extraction, and Transport Using a Chalcogen-Bonding Heteroditopic Receptor. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14778-14789. [PMID: 35930460 PMCID: PMC9394446 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Chalcogen bonding (ChB) is rapidly rising to prominence
in supramolecular
chemistry as a powerful sigma (σ)-hole-based noncovalent interaction,
especially for applications in the field of molecular recognition.
Recent studies have demonstrated ChB donor strength and potency to
be remarkably sensitive to local electronic environments, including
redox-switchable on/off anion binding and sensing capability. Influencing
the unique electronic and geometric environment sensitivity of ChB
interactions through simultaneous cobound metal cation recognition,
herein, we present the first potassium chloride-selective heteroditopic
ion-pair receptor. The direct conjugation of benzo-15-crown-5 ether
(B15C5) appendages to Te centers in a bis-tellurotriazole framework
facilitates alkali metal halide (MX) ion-pair binding through the
formation of a cofacial intramolecular bis-B15C5 M+ (M+ = K+, Rb+, Cs+) sandwich
complex and bidentate ChB···X– formation.
Extensive quantitative 1H NMR ion-pair affinity titration
experiments, solid–liquid and liquid–liquid extraction,
and U-tube transport studies all demonstrate unprecedented KCl selectivity
over all other group 1 metal chlorides. It is demonstrated that the
origin of the receptor’s ion-pair binding cooperativity and
KCl selectivity arises from an electronic polarization of the ChB
donors induced by the cobound alkali metal cation. Importantly, the
magnitude of this switch on Te-centered electrophilicity, and therefore
anion-binding affinity, is shown to correlate with the inherent Lewis
acidity of the alkali metal cation. Extensive computational DFT investigations
corroborated the experimental alkali metal cation–anion ion-pair
binding observations for halides and oxoanions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Docker
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U. K
| | - Igor Marques
- CICECO─Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Heike Kuhn
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U. K
| | - Zongyao Zhang
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U. K
| | - Vítor Félix
- CICECO─Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paul D Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U. K
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25
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Tris(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amine‐Based Ion Pair Receptors for Selective Lithium Salt Recognition. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Hollstein S, Shyshov O, Hanževački M, Zhao J, Rudolf T, Jäger CM, von Delius M. Dynamic Covalent Self-Assembly of Chloride- and Ion-Pair-Templated Cryptates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201831. [PMID: 35384202 PMCID: PMC9400851 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While supramolecular hosts capable of binding and transporting anions and ion pairs are now widely available, self-assembled architectures are still rare, even though they offer an inherent mechanism for the release of the guest ion(s). In this work, we report the dynamic covalent self-assembly of tripodal, urea-based anion cryptates that are held together by two orthoester bridgeheads. These hosts exhibit affinity for anions such as Cl- , Br- or I- in the moderate range that is typically advantageous for applications in membrane transport. In unprecedented experiments, we were able to dissociate the Cs⋅Cl ion pair by simultaneously assembling suitably sized orthoester hosts around the Cs+ and the Cl- ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Hollstein
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Oleksandr Shyshov
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Marko Hanževački
- Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham University ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Tamara Rudolf
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Christof M. Jäger
- Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham University ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
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27
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Gomez-Vega J, Soto-Cruz JM, Juárez-Sánchez O, Santacruz-Ortega H, Gálvez-Ruiz JC, Corona-Martínez DO, Pérez-González R, Ochoa Lara K. Tritopic Bis-Urea Receptors for Anion and Ion-Pair Recognition. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22244-22255. [PMID: 35811876 PMCID: PMC9260929 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on the synthesis and characterization of three tritopic receptors and their binding properties toward various anions, as their tetrabutylammonium salts, and three alkali metal-acetate salts by UV-vis, fluorescence, 1H, 7Li, 23Na, and 39K NMR in MeCN/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 9:1 (v/v). Molecular recognition studies showed that the receptors have good affinity for oxyanions. Furthermore, these compounds are capable of ion-pair recognition of the alkali metal-acetate salts studied through a cooperative mechanism. Additionally, molecular modeling at the density functional theory (DFT) level of some lithium and sodium acetate complexes illustrates the ion-pair binding capacity of receptors. The anion is recognized through strong hydrogen bonds of the NH- groups from the two urea sites, while the cation interacts with the oxygen atoms of the polyether spacer. This work demonstrates that these compounds are good receptors for anions and ion pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jancarlo Gomez-Vega
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas s/n, Col. Centro, CP 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Jesús Martín Soto-Cruz
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas s/n, Col. Centro, CP 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Octavio Juárez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas s/n, Col. Centro, CP 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Hisila Santacruz-Ortega
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas s/n, Col. Centro, CP 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Juan Carlos Gálvez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas s/n, Col. Centro, CP 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - David Octavio Corona-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas s/n, Col. Centro, CP 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Refugio Pérez-González
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas s/n, Col. Centro, CP 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Karen Ochoa Lara
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas s/n, Col. Centro, CP 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
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28
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Hollstein S, Shyshov O, Hanževački M, Zhao J, Rudolf T, Jäger CM, Delius M. Dynamisch kovalente Selbstassemblierung von Chlorid‐ und Ionenpaar‐templierten Kryptaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selina Hollstein
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Oleksandr Shyshov
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Marko Hanževački
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD Großbritannien
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Tamara Rudolf
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Christof M. Jäger
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD Großbritannien
| | - Max Delius
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
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29
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Krajnc M, Niemeyer J. BINOL as a chiral element in mechanically interlocked molecules. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:508-523. [PMID: 35601990 PMCID: PMC9086503 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this minireview we present the use of the axially chiral 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol (BINOL) unit as a stereogenic element in mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs). We describe the synthesis and properties of such BINOL-based chiral MIMs, together with their use in further diastereoselective modifications, their application in asymmetric catalysis, and their use in stereoselective chemosensing. Given the growing importance of mechanically interlocked molecules and the key advantages of the privileged chiral BINOL backbone, we believe that this research area will continue to grow and deliver many useful applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Krajnc
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Centre of Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen Niemeyer
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Centre of Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
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30
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Picci G, Marchesan S, Caltagirone C. Ion Channels and Transporters as Therapeutic Agents: From Biomolecules to Supramolecular Medicinal Chemistry. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040885. [PMID: 35453638 PMCID: PMC9032600 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels and transporters typically consist of biomolecules that play key roles in a large variety of physiological and pathological processes. Traditional therapies include many ion-channel blockers, and some activators, although the exact biochemical pathways and mechanisms that regulate ion homeostasis are yet to be fully elucidated. An emerging area of research with great innovative potential in biomedicine pertains the design and development of synthetic ion channels and transporters, which may provide unexplored therapeutic opportunities. However, most studies in this challenging and multidisciplinary area are still at a fundamental level. In this review, we discuss the progress that has been made over the last five years on ion channels and transporters, touching upon biomolecules and synthetic supramolecules that are relevant to biological use. We conclude with the identification of therapeutic opportunities for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Picci
- Chemical and Geological Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Claudia Caltagirone
- Chemical and Geological Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (C.C.)
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31
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A Simulation Model for the Non-Electrogenic Uniport Carrier-Assisted Transport of Ions across Lipid Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030292. [PMID: 35323767 PMCID: PMC8955484 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Impressive work has been completed in recent decades on the transmembrane anion transport capability of small synthetic transporters from many different structural classes. However, very few predicting models have been proposed for the fast screening of compound libraries before spending time and resources on the laboratory bench for their synthesis. In this work, a new approach is presented which aims at describing the transport process by taking all the steps into explicit consideration, and includes all possible experiment-derived parameters. The algorithm is able to simulate the macroscopic experiments performed with lipid vesicles to assess the ion-transport ability of the synthetic transporters following a non-electrogenic uniport mechanism. While keeping calculation time affordable, the final goal is the curve-fitting of real experimental data—so, to obtain both an analysis and a predictive tool. The role and the relative weight of the different parameters is discussed and the agreement with the literature is shown by using the simulations of a virtual benchmark case. The fitting of real experimental curves is also shown for two transporters of different structural type.
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32
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Kim SH, Yeon Y, Lee A, Lynch VM, He Q, Sessler JL, Kim SK. Tetraamidoindolyl calix[4]arene as a selective ion pair receptor for LiCl. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01519f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A calix[4]arene (1) functionalized with amidoindole groups on the upper rim and with propyl groups on the lower rim extracts LiCl and LiBr selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Yerim Yeon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street-Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA
| | - Areum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street-Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA
| | - Qing He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street-Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA
| | - Sung Kuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
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33
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Belen’kii LI, Gazieva GA, Evdokimenkova YB, Soboleva NO. The literature of heterocyclic chemistry, Part XX, 2020. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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34
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Luo D, Tian J, Sessler JL, Chi X. Nonporous Adaptive Calix[4]pyrrole Crystals for Polar Compound Separations. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18849-18853. [PMID: 34748331 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of molecular crystalline materials for the separation and purification of chemical raw materials, particularly polar compounds with similar physical and chemical properties, represents an ongoing challenge. This is particularly true for volatile feedstocks that form binary azeotropes. Here we report a new cavity-extended version of calix[4]pyrrole (C4P) that readily forms nonporous adaptive crystals (NACs). These C4P-based NACs allow pyridine to be separated from toluene/pyridine mixtures with nearly 100% purity, as well as the removal of 1,4-dioxane from 1,4-dioxane/water mixtures with high adsorption capacity. Removal of the polar guest (pyridine or 1,4-dioxane) from the guest-loaded NACs by heating under vacuum produces the guest-free crystalline form. In the case of both guests, the C4P material could be reused as demonstrated through 10 uptake and release cycles without apparent performance loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinya Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Xiaodong Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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35
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Docker A, Stevens JG, Beer PD. Halogen Bonding Heteroditopic Materials for Cooperative Sodium Iodide Binding and Extraction. Chemistry 2021; 27:14600-14604. [PMID: 34520586 PMCID: PMC8596695 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel heteroditopic halogen bonding (XB) receptor functionalised silica based materials, containing mono- and bis-iodotriazole benzo-15-crown-5 groups are investigated for the cooperative binding and extraction of sodium halide ion-pair species from aqueous solution. Characterisation of the XB materials by CHN elemental analysis, 13 C CP/MAS NMR and ATR-FTIR spectroscopies confirms and quantifies the successful incorporation of the ion-pair receptor frameworks to the silica material. ICP-MS solid-liquid extraction studies demonstrate the bidentate XB functionalised material is capable of NaI extraction from water. Importantly, cooperative XB-mediated sodium halide ion-pair binding is determined to be crucial to the material's extraction capabilities, impressively demonstrating a two-fold enhancement in sodium iodide extraction efficiency relative to a heteroditopic hydrogen bonding receptor functionalised silica material analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Docker
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TA
| | | | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TA
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36
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Utilizing an Amino Acid Scaffold to Construct Heteroditopic Receptors Capable of Interacting with Salts under Interfacial Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910754. [PMID: 34639095 PMCID: PMC8509731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-nitro-L-phenylalanine scaffold was used to construct effective ion pair receptors capable of binding anions in an enhanced manner with the assistance of alkali metal cations. A benzocrown ether was linked to a receptor platform via the amide function so as to support the squaramide function in anion binding and to allow all three NHs to act simultaneously. The binding properties of the receptors were determined using UV-vis, 1H NMR, 2D NMR, and DOSY spectroscopy in MeCN and in the solid state by X-ray measurements. Ion pair receptor 2 was found to interact with the most strongly with salts, and the removal of its key structural elements was shown to hinder the receptor action. The amide proton was recognized to switch from having involvement in an intramolecular hydrogen bond to interacting with anions upon complexation. Apart from carboxylates, which promote deprotonation, and other monovalent salts creating 1:1 complexes with the receptor, more complex equilibria were established upon the complexation of 2 with sulfates. Receptor 2 was shown to be capable of the extraction of ion pairs from the aqueous to organic phase and of the cation-enhanced transport chloride and sulfate anions across a bulk chloroform membrane. These features may open the door for its use in regulating ion concertation under interfacial conditions and acting as a potential drug to treat channelopathies.
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37
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Jagleniec D, Wilczek M, Romański J. Tripodal, Squaramide-Based Ion Pair Receptor for Effective Extraction of Sulfate Salt. Molecules 2021; 26:2751. [PMID: 34067071 PMCID: PMC8125518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining three features-the high affinity of squaramides toward anions, cooperation in ion pair binding and preorganization of the binding domains in the tripodal platform-led to the effective receptor 2. The lack of at least one of these key elements in the structures of reference receptors 3 and 4 caused a lower affinity towards ion pairs. Receptor 2 was found to form an intramolecular network in wet chloroform, which changed into inorganic-organic associates after contact with ions and allowed salts to be extracted from an aqueous to an organic phase. The disparity in the binding mode of 2 with sulfates and with other monovalent anions led to the selective extraction of extremely hydrated sulfate anions in the presence of more lipophilic salts, thus overcoming the Hofmeister series.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan Romański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (D.J.); (M.W.)
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38
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Docker A, Bunchuay T, Ahrens M, Martinez‐Martinez AJ, Beer PD. Chalcogen Bonding Ion‐Pair Cryptand Host Discrimination of Potassium Halide Salts. Chemistry 2021; 27:7837-7841. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Docker
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Thanthapatra Bunchuay
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) Faculty of Science Mahidol University 272 Thanon Rama VI, Ratchathewi Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Michael Ahrens
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | | | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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39
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Basak M, Das A, Das G. Exploring cyclohexane/piperazine-urea motifs for spherical halide (X = Cl −/Br −) recognition: effects on anion coordination, photoluminescence, and morphological tunability. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01090e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two bis-urea receptors bearing aromatic meta-substituted electron-withdrawing groups demonstrated halide-coordination-triggered self-assemblies with contrasting coordination numbers and variation in morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Asesh Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Gopal Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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40
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Zakrzewski M, Piątek P. Heteroditopic receptor flexibility – an important design principle for effective ion pair extractants based on carboxylate studies. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03353k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Potassium carboxylate salt binding and extraction experiments of a heteroditopic receptor series reveal that conformational freedom is an important factor affecting salt extraction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Zakrzewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Piątek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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41
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Tse YC, Docker A, Zhang Z, Beer PD. Lithium halide ion-pair recognition with halogen bonding and chalcogen bonding heteroditopic macrocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4950-4953. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01287h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of halogen bonding and chalcogen bonding phenanthroline containing heteroditopic macrocyclic receptors exhibit cooperative recognition of lithium halide (LiX) ion-pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Cheong Tse
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Mansfield Road
- Oxford
| | - Andrew Docker
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Mansfield Road
- Oxford
| | - Zongyao Zhang
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Mansfield Road
- Oxford
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Mansfield Road
- Oxford
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42
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Mavliutova L, Verduci E, Sellergren B. Combinatorial design of a sialic acid imprinted binding site exploring a dual ion receptor approach. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34329-34337. [PMID: 35497298 PMCID: PMC9042400 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06962d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-ion imprinting of sialic acid via cooperatively acting ureido- and crown ether functionalities leads to charge neutral sialic acid receptors with strong sialoglycopeptide affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliia Mavliutova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-20506 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elena Verduci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-20506 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Börje Sellergren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-20506 Malmö, Sweden
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43
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Knighton RC, Beer PD. Sodium cation-templated synthesis of an ion-pair binding heteroditopic [2]catenane. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00247c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel method utilising sodium cation templation between a pyridinium bridged calix[4]diquinone macrocycle and a pyridine-N-oxide functionalised macrocycle precursor motif is used for the construction of a mechanically interlocked ion-pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Knighton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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