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Caarls L, Bassetti N, Verbaarschot P, Mumm R, van Loon JJA, Schranz ME, Fatouros NE. Hypersensitive-like response in Brassica plants is specifically induced by molecules from egg-associated secretions of cabbage white butterflies. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1070859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants perceive and respond to herbivore insect eggs. Upon egg deposition on leaves, a strong hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death can be activated leading to egg desiccation and/or dropping. In Brassica spp., including many crops, the HR-like mechanism against eggs of cabbage white butterflies (Pieris spp.) is poorly understood. Using two Brassica species, the crop B. rapa and its wild relative B. nigra, we studied the cellular and molecular plant response to Pieris brassicae eggs and characterized potential insect egg-associated molecular patterns (EAMPs) inducing HR-like cell death. We found that eggs of P. brassicae induced typical hallmarks of early immune responses, such as callose deposition, production of reactive oxygen species and cell death in B. nigra and B. rapa leaf tissue, also in plants that did not express HR-like cell death. However, elevated levels of ethylene production and upregulation of salicylic acid-responsive genes were only detected in a B. nigra accession expressing HR-like cell death. Eggs and egg wash from P. brassicae contains compounds that induced such responses, but the eggs of the generalist moth Mamestra brassicae did not. Furthermore, wash made from hatched Pieris eggs, egg glue, and accessory reproductive glands (ARG) that produce this glue, induced HR-like cell death, whereas washes from unfertilized eggs dissected from the ovaries or removal of the glue from eggs resulted in no or a reduced response. This suggests that there is one or multiple egg associated molecular pattern (EAMP) located in the egg glue a that teresponse in B. nigra is specific to Pieris species. Lastly, our results indicate that the EAMP is neither lipidic nor proteinaceous. Our study expands the knowledge on the mechanism of Brassica-Pieris-egg interaction and is a step closer toward identification of EAMPs in Pieris egg glue and corresponding receptor(s) in Brassica.
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Fan L, Fröhlich K, Melzer E, Pruitt RN, Albert I, Zhang L, Joe A, Hua C, Song Y, Albert M, Kim ST, Weigel D, Zipfel C, Chae E, Gust AA, Nürnberger T. Genotyping-by-sequencing-based identification of Arabidopsis pattern recognition receptor RLP32 recognizing proteobacterial translation initiation factor IF1. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1294. [PMID: 35277499 PMCID: PMC8917236 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of plant pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) relies on the recognition of microbe-derived structures, termed patterns, through plant-encoded surface-resident pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). We show that proteobacterial translation initiation factor 1 (IF1) triggers PTI in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species. Unlike for most other immunogenic patterns, IF1 elicitor activity cannot be assigned to a small peptide epitope, suggesting that tertiary fold features are required for IF1 receptor activation. We have deployed natural variation in IF1 sensitivity to identify Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like protein 32 (RLP32) as IF1 receptor using a restriction site-associated DNA sequencing approach. RLP32 confers IF1 sensitivity to rlp32 mutants, IF1-insensitive Arabidopsis accessions and IF1-insensitive Nicotiana benthamiana, binds IF1 specifically and forms complexes with LRR receptor kinases SOBIR1 and BAK1 to mediate signaling. Similar to other PRRs, RLP32 confers resistance to Pseudomonas syringae, highlighting an unexpectedly complex array of bacterial pattern sensors within a single plant species. Pattern-triggered immunity is activated by recognition of microbe-derived structures by host pattern recognition receptors. Here the authors use a genotype-by sequencing approach to show that bacterial translation initiation factor 1 triggers PTI in Arabidopsis thaliana after recognition by the RLP32 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Fröhlich
- Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eric Melzer
- Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,BioChem agrar, Labor für biologische und chemische Analytik GmbH, Machern, Germany
| | - Rory N Pruitt
- Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Isabell Albert
- Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisha Zhang
- Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Joe
- Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chenlei Hua
- Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yanyue Song
- Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Albert
- Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sang-Tae Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Medical & Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, South Korea
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eunyoung Chae
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Andrea A Gust
- Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Nürnberger
- Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Hoang NV, Park S, Park C, Suh H, Kim S, Chae E, Kang B, Lee J. Oxidative stress response and programmed cell death guided by NAC013 modulate pithiness in radish taproots. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:144-163. [PMID: 34724278 PMCID: PMC9298717 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Radish, Raphanus sativus L., is an important root crop that is cultivated worldwide. Owing to its evolutionary proximity to Arabidopsis thaliana, radish can be used as a model root crop in research on the molecular basis of agronomic traits. Pithiness is a significant defect that reduces the production of radish with commercial value; however, traditional breeding to eliminate this trait has thus far been unsuccessful. Here, we performed transcriptomics and genotype-by-sequencing (GBS)-based quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses of radish inbred lines to understand the molecular basis of pithiness in radish roots. The transcriptome data indicated that pithiness likely stems from the response to oxidative stress, leading to cell death of the xylem parenchyma during the root-thickening process. Subsequently, we narrowed down a list of candidates responsible for pithiness near a major QTL and found polymorphisms in a radish homologue of Arabidopsis ANAC013 (RsNAC013), an endoplasmic reticulum bound NAC transcription factor that is targeted to the nucleus to mediate the mitochondrial retrograde signal. We analysed the effects of polymorphisms in RsNAC013 using Arabidopsis transgenic lines overexpressing RsNAC013 alleles as well as in radish inbred lines bearing these alleles. This analysis indicated that non-synonymous variations within the coding sequence result in different levels of RsNAC013 activities, thereby providing a genetic condition for root pithiness. The elevated oxidative stress or hypoxia that activates RsNAC013 for mitochondrial signalling enhances this process. Collectively, this study serves as an exemplary case of translational research taking advantage of the extensive information available from a model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam V. Hoang
- School of Biological SciencesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐roSeoul08826Korea
| | - Suhyoung Park
- National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal ScienceRural Development AdministrationWanju55365Korea
| | - Chulmin Park
- School of Biological SciencesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐roSeoul08826Korea
| | - Hannah Suh
- School of Biological SciencesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐roSeoul08826Korea
| | - Sang‐Tae Kim
- Department of Medical & Biological SciencesThe Catholic University of KoreaJibong‐roBucheon‐siGyeonggi‐do14662Korea
| | - Eunyoung Chae
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore117543Singapore
| | - Byoung‐Cheorl Kang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and BioresourcesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐roSeoul08826Korea
| | - Ji‐Young Lee
- School of Biological SciencesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐roSeoul08826Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding InstituteSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐roSeoul08826Korea
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Vaid N, Laitinen RAE. Diverse paths to hybrid incompatibility in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:199-213. [PMID: 30098060 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
One of the most essential questions of biology is to understand how different species have evolved. Hybrid incompatibility, a phenomenon in which hybrids show reduced fitness in comparison with their parents, can result in reproductive isolation and speciation. Therefore, studying hybrid incompatibility provides an entry point in understanding speciation. Hybrid incompatibilities are known throughout taxa, and the underlying mechanisms have mystified scientists since the theory of evolution by means of natural selection was introduced. In plants, it is only in recent years that the high-throughput genetic and molecular tools have become available for the Arabidopsis genus, thus helping to shed light on the different genes and molecular and evolutionary mechanisms that underlie hybrid incompatibilities. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of diverse mechanisms that are known to contribute to hybrid incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Vaid
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Roosa A E Laitinen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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