Saengsen C, Sookbampen O, Wu S, Seetasang S, Rongwong W, Chuaboon L. The potency of HPLC-DAD and LC-MS/MS combined with ion chromatography for detection/purification of levulinic acid and bio-compounds from acid hydrolysis of OPEFB.
RSC Adv 2022;
12:28638-28646. [PMID:
36320499 PMCID:
PMC9539635 DOI:
10.1039/d2ra03563d]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports a new strategy for the detection and purification of levulinic acid (LA) and bio-compounds from the acid hydrolysis and enzymatic treatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques combined with ion/ligand chromatography. The detections of LA, biomass-saccharides, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and furfural were successfully elucidated by optimizing the multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) and liquid chromatography conditions using a Pb2+ ligand exchange column in the liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) combined with an H+ ion exchange column also showed potency for detecting chromophoric compounds such as LA, HMF, furfural, and acid (by-products) but not biomass-saccharides. Both techniques showed acceptable validation in terms of linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), accuracy, precision, and stability in both quantitative and qualitative analysis. However, the LC-MS/MS approach showed higher sensitivity for detecting LA and HMF compared with HPLC-DAD. Samples comprised of cellobiose, glucose, HMF, and LA from the acid hydrolysis of cellulose to LA with a mineral acid, and the biocatalysis of cellulase and β-glucosidase catalyzed cellulose (from OPEFB) to glucose were successfully monitored through the LC-MS/MS approach. In addition, using the optimal HPLC conditions obtained from LC-MS/MS, the purification of LA from other substances obtained from the hydrolysis reaction of cellulose (5 g) was successfully demonstrated by HPLC-DAD equipped with a fraction collector combined with an H+ ion exchange column at gram-scale of 1 g LA with a purification rate of 0.63 g ml−1 min−1.
The analytical approach for detection and purification levulinic acid from and bio-compound in hydrolysis biomass.![]()
Collapse