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Razi S, Haghparast A, Chodari Khameneh S, Ebrahimi Sadrabadi A, Aziziyan F, Bakhtiyari M, Nabi-Afjadi M, Tarhriz V, Jalili A, Zalpoor H. The role of tumor microenvironment on cancer stem cell fate in solid tumors. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:143. [PMID: 37328876 PMCID: PMC10273768 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01129-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the role of cancer stem cells in initiating tumors, metastasis, invasion, and resistance to therapies has been recognized as a potential target for tumor therapy. Understanding the mechanisms by which CSCs contribute to cancer progression can help to provide novel therapeutic approaches against solid tumors. In this line, the effects of mechanical forces on CSCs such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cellular plasticity, etc., the metabolism pathways of CSCs, players of the tumor microenvironment, and their influence on the regulating of CSCs can lead to cancer progression. This review focused on some of these mechanisms of CSCs, paving the way for a better understanding of their regulatory mechanisms and developing platforms for targeted therapies. While progress has been made in research, more studies will be required in the future to explore more aspects of how CSCs contribute to cancer progression. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Razi
- Vira Pioneers of Modern Science (VIPOMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Amin Ebrahimi Sadrabadi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACER, Tehran, Iran
- Cytotech and Bioinformatics Research Group, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aziziyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bakhtiyari
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 5163639888, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Arsalan Jalili
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACER, Tehran, Iran.
- Parvaz Research Ideas Supporter Institute, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Kvokačková B, Fedr R, Kužílková D, Stuchlý J, Vávrová A, Navrátil J, Fabian P, Ondruššek R, Ovesná P, Remšík J, Bouchal J, Kalina T, Souček K. Single-cell protein profiling defines cell populations associated with triple-negative breast cancer aggressiveness. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:1024-1040. [PMID: 36550781 PMCID: PMC10257414 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and complex subtype of breast cancer that lacks targeted therapy. TNBC manifests characteristic, extensive intratumoral heterogeneity that promotes disease progression and influences drug response. Single-cell techniques in combination with next-generation computation provide an unprecedented opportunity to identify molecular events with therapeutic potential. Here, we describe the generation of a comprehensive mass cytometry panel for multiparametric detection of 23 phenotypic markers and 13 signaling molecules. This single-cell proteomic approach allowed us to explore the landscape of TNBC heterogeneity, with particular emphasis on the tumor microenvironment. We prospectively profiled freshly resected tumors from 26 TNBC patients. These tumors contained phenotypically distinct subpopulations of cancer and stromal cells that were associated with the patient's clinical status at the time of surgery. We further classified the epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity of tumor cells, and molecularly defined phenotypically diverse populations of tumor-associated stroma. Furthermore, in a retrospective tissue-microarray TNBC cohort, we showed that the level of CD97 at the time of surgery has prognostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Kvokačková
- Department of CytokineticsInstitute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
- International Clinical Research CenterSt. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Radek Fedr
- Department of CytokineticsInstitute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
- International Clinical Research CenterSt. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Daniela Kužílková
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation PragueCzech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of MedicineCharles University Prague and University Hospital MotolCzech Republic
| | - Jan Stuchlý
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation PragueCzech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of MedicineCharles University Prague and University Hospital MotolCzech Republic
| | - Adéla Vávrová
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation PragueCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceCharles University PragueCzech Republic
| | - Jiří Navrátil
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer CareMasaryk Memorial Cancer InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Pavel Fabian
- Department of Oncological PathologyMasaryk Memorial Cancer InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Róbert Ondruššek
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryPalacký University and University HospitalOlomoucCzech Republic
- Department of PathologyEUC Laboratoře CGB a.s.OstravaCzech Republic
| | - Petra Ovesná
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Ján Remšík
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis ProgramMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York CityNYUSA
| | - Jan Bouchal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and DentistryPalacký University and University HospitalOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kalina
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation PragueCzech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of MedicineCharles University Prague and University Hospital MotolCzech Republic
| | - Karel Souček
- Department of CytokineticsInstitute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
- International Clinical Research CenterSt. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
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3
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Donnenberg VS, Luketich JD, Sultan I, Lister J, Bartlett DL, Ghosh S, Donnenberg AD. A maladaptive pleural environment suppresses preexisting anti-tumor activity of pleural infiltrating T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1157697. [PMID: 37063842 PMCID: PMC10097923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1157697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Treatment options for patients with malignant pleural effusions (MPE) are limited due, at least in part, to the unique environment of the pleural space, which drives an aggressive tumor state and governs the behavior of infiltrating immune cells. Modulation of the pleural environment may be a necessary step toward the development of effective treatments. We examine immune checkpoint molecule (ICM) expression on pleural T cells, the secretomes of pleural fluid, pleural infiltrating T cells (PIT), and ability to activate PIT ex vivo. Methods ICM expression was determined on freshly drained and in vitro activated PIT from breast, lung and renal cell cancer. Secretomics (63 analytes) of activated PIT, primary tumor cultures and MPE fluid was determined using Luminex technology. Complementary digital spatial proteomic profiling (42 analytes) of CD45+ MPE cells was done using the Nanostring GeoMx platform. Cytolytic activity was measured against autologous tumor targets. Results ICM expression was low on freshy isolated PIT; regulatory T cells (T-reg) were not detectable by GeoMx. In vitro activated PIT coexpressed PD-1, LAG-3 and TIGIT but were highly cytotoxic against autologous tumor and uniquely secreted cytokines and chemokines in the > 100 pM range. These included CCL4, CCL3, granzyme B, IL-13, TNFα, IL-2 IFNγ, GM-CSF, and perforin. Activated PIT also secreted high levels of IL-6, IL-8 and sIL-6Rα, which contribute to polarization of the pleural environment toward wound healing and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Addition of IL-6Rα antagonist to cultures reversed tumor EMT but did not alter PIT activation, cytokine secretion or cytotoxicity. Discussion Despite the negative environment, immune effector cells are plentiful, persist in MPE in a quiescent state, and are easily activated and expanded in culture. Low expression of ICM on native PIT may explain reported lack of responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade. The potent cytotoxic activity of activated PIT and a proof-of-concept clinical scale GMP-expansion experiment support their promise as a cellular therapeutic. We expect that a successful approach will require combining cellular therapy with pleural conditioning using immune checkpoint blockers together with inhibitors of upstream master cytokines such as the IL-6/IL-6R axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S. Donnenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Centers, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - James D. Luketich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Centers, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ibrahim Sultan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John Lister
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David L. Bartlett
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sohini Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Albert D. Donnenberg
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Centers, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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4
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Al-Holou WN, Wang H, Ravikumar V, Shankar S, Oneka M, Fehmi Z, Verhaak RG, Kim H, Pratt D, Camelo-Piragua S, Speers C, Wahl DR, Hollon T, Sagher O, Heth JA, Muraszko KM, Lawrence TS, de Carvalho AC, Mikkelsen T, Rao A, Rehemtulla A. Subclonal evolution and expansion of spatially distinct THY1-positive cells is associated with recurrence in glioblastoma. Neoplasia 2023; 36:100872. [PMID: 36621024 PMCID: PMC9841165 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma(GBM) is a lethal disease characterized by inevitable recurrence. Here we investigate the molecular pathways mediating resistance, with the goal of identifying novel therapeutic opportunities. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We developed a longitudinal in vivo recurrence model utilizing patient-derived explants to produce paired specimens(pre- and post-recurrence) following temozolomide(TMZ) and radiation(IR). These specimens were evaluated for treatment response and to identify gene expression pathways driving treatment resistance. Findings were clinically validated using spatial transcriptomics of human GBMs. RESULTS These studies reveal in replicate cohorts, a gene expression profile characterized by upregulation of mesenchymal and stem-like genes at recurrence. Analyses of clinical databases revealed significant association of this transcriptional profile with worse overall survival and upregulation at recurrence. Notably, gene expression analyses identified upregulation of TGFβ signaling, and more than one-hundred-fold increase in THY1 levels at recurrence. Furthermore, THY1-positive cells represented <10% of cells in treatment-naïve tumors, compared to 75-96% in recurrent tumors. We then isolated THY1-positive cells from treatment-naïve patient samples and determined that they were inherently resistant to chemoradiation in orthotopic models. Additionally, using image-guided biopsies from treatment-naïve human GBM, we conducted spatial transcriptomic analyses. This revealed rare THY1+ regions characterized by mesenchymal/stem-like gene expression, analogous to our recurrent mouse model, which co-localized with macrophages within the perivascular niche. We then inhibited TGFBRI activity in vivo which decreased mesenchymal/stem-like protein levels, including THY1, and restored sensitivity to TMZ/IR in recurrent tumors. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that GBM recurrence may result from tumor repopulation by pre-existing, therapy-resistant, THY1-positive, mesenchymal cells within the perivascular niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajd N Al-Holou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Hanxiao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, NCRC 520, Room 1342, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States; AstraZeneca, United States
| | - Visweswaran Ravikumar
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Sunita Shankar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Morgan Oneka
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Ziad Fehmi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | | | - Hoon Kim
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT 06032, United States; Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea
| | - Drew Pratt
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, United States
| | | | - Corey Speers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, NCRC 520, Room 1342, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | - Daniel R Wahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, NCRC 520, Room 1342, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | - Todd Hollon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Oren Sagher
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jason A Heth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Karin M Muraszko
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, NCRC 520, Room 1342, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | - Ana C de Carvalho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Tom Mikkelsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Arvind Rao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, NCRC 520, Room 1342, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States; Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Alnawaz Rehemtulla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, NCRC 520, Room 1342, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States.
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Aggarwal V, Sahoo S, Donnenberg VS, Chakraborty P, Jolly MK, Sant S. P4HA2: A link between tumor-intrinsic hypoxia, partial EMT and collective migration. ADVANCES IN CANCER BIOLOGY - METASTASIS 2022; 5:100057. [PMID: 36187341 PMCID: PMC9517480 DOI: 10.1016/j.adcanc.2022.100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a well-established phenomenon studied across pan-cancer types, has long been known to be a major player in driving tumor invasion and metastasis. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of partial EMT phenotypes in metastasis. Initially thought as a transitional state between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypic states, partial EMT state is now widely recognized as a key driver of intra-tumoral heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity, further accelerating tumor metastasis and therapeutic resistance. However, how tumor microenvironment regulates partial EMT phenotypes remains unclear. We have developed unique size-controlled three-dimensional microtumor models that recapitulate tumor-intrinsic hypoxia and the emergence of collectively migrating cells. In this study, we further interrogate these microtumor models to understand how tumor-intrinsic hypoxia regulates partial EMT and collective migration in hypoxic large microtumors fabricated from T47D breast cancer cells. We compared global gene expression profiles of hypoxic, migratory microtumors to that of non-hypoxic, non-migratory microtumors at early and late time-points. Using our microtumor models, we identified unique gene signatures for tumor-intrinsic hypoxia (early versus late), partial EMT and migration (pre-migratory versus migratory phenotype). Through differential gene expression analysis between the microtumor models with an overlap of hypoxia, partial EMT and migration signatures, we identified prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit 2 (P4HA2), a hypoxia responsive gene, as a central regulator common to hypoxia, partial EMT and collective migration. Further, the inhibition of P4HA2 significantly blocked collective migration in hypoxic microtumors. Thus, using the integrated computational-experimental analysis, we identify the key role of P4HA2 in tumor-intrinsic hypoxia-driven partial EMT and collective migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarthak Sahoo
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Vera S. Donnenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Priyanka Chakraborty
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Shilpa Sant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Corresponding author. University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Bioengineering UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 7408 Salk Hall, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. (S. Sant)
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6
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Aggarwal V, Montoya CA, Donnenberg VS, Sant S. Interplay between tumor microenvironment and partial EMT as the driver of tumor progression. iScience 2021; 24:102113. [PMID: 33659878 PMCID: PMC7892926 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an evolutionary conserved phenomenon, has been extensively studied to address the unresolved variable treatment response across therapeutic regimes in cancer subtypes. EMT has long been envisaged to regulate tumor invasion, migration, and therapeutic resistance during tumorigenesis. However, recently it has been highlighted that EMT involves an intermediate partial EMT (pEMT) phenotype, defined by incomplete loss of epithelial markers and incomplete gain of mesenchymal markers. It has been further emphasized that pEMT transition involves a spectrum of intermediate hybrid states on either side of pEMT spectrum. Emerging evidence underlines bi-directional crosstalk between tumor cells and surrounding microenvironment in acquisition of pEMT phenotype. Although much work is still ongoing to gain mechanistic insights into regulation of pEMT phenotype, it is evident that pEMT plays a critical role in tumor aggressiveness, invasion, migration, and metastasis along with therapeutic resistance. In this review, we focus on important role of tumor-intrinsic factors and tumor microenvironment in driving pEMT and emphasize that engineered controlled microenvironments are instrumental to provide mechanistic insights into pEMT biology. We also discuss the significance of pEMT in regulating hallmarks of tumor progression i.e. cell cycle regulation, collective migration, and therapeutic resistance. Although constantly evolving, current progress and momentum in the pEMT field holds promise to unravel new therapeutic targets to halt tumor progression at early stages as well as tackle the complex therapeutic resistance observed across many cancer types. Partial EMT phenotype drives key hallmarks of tumor progression Role of tumor microenvironment in pEMT phenotype via cellular signaling pathways Engineering 3D in vitro models to study pEMT phenotype Opportunities and challenges in understanding pEMT phenotype
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Catalina Ardila Montoya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Vera S Donnenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Shilpa Sant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, 700 Technology Drive, Room 4307, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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7
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Ehmsen S, Ditzel HJ. Signaling pathways essential for triple-negative breast cancer stem-like cells. Stem Cells 2020; 39:133-143. [PMID: 33211379 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), a significant effort has been made to identify and characterize these cells. It is a generally believe that CSCs play an important role in cancer initiation, therapy resistance, and progression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive breast cancer subtype with poor prognosis. Thus, therapies targeting these cells would be a valuable addition to standard treatments that primarily target more differentiated, rapidly dividing TNBC cells. Although several cell surface and intracellular proteins have been described as biomarkers for CSCs, none of these are specific to this population of cells. Recent research is moving toward cellular signaling pathways as targets and biomarkers for CSCs. The WNT pathway, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, and the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway have recently been identified to play a key role in proliferation, survival, and differentiation of CSCs, including those of breast cancer. In this review, we assess recent findings related to these three pathways in breast CSC, with particular focus on TNBC CSCs, and discuss how targeting these pathways, in combination with current standard of care, might prove effective and improve the prognosis of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidse Ehmsen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Research Unit of Oncology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik J Ditzel
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Research Unit of Oncology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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8
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Schildberg FA, Donnenberg VS. Stromal cells in health and disease. Cytometry A 2019; 93:871-875. [PMID: 30256523 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Schildberg
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vera S Donnenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Centers, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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9
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Tsuji W, Valentin JE, Marra KG, Donnenberg AD, Donnenberg VS, Rubin JP. An Animal Model of Local Breast Cancer Recurrence in the Setting of Autologous Fat Grafting for Breast Reconstruction. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 7:125-134. [PMID: 29283514 PMCID: PMC5746146 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous fat grafting after breast cancer surgery is commonly performed, but concerns about oncologic risk remain. To model the interaction between fat grafting and breast cancer cells, two approaches were employed. In the first approach, graded numbers of viable MDA‐MB‐231 or BT‐474 cells were admixed directly into human fat grafts and injected subcutaneously into immune‐deficient mice to determine if the healing graft is a supportive environment for the tumor. In the second approach, graded doses of MDA‐MB‐231 cells were suspended in Matrigel and injected into the mammary fat pads of mice. Two weeks after the tumor cells engrafted, 100 μL of human adipose tissue was grafted into the same site. Histologically, MDA‐MB‐231 cells seeded within fat grafts were observed and stained positive for human‐specific pan‐cytokeratin and Ki67. The BT‐474 cells failed to survive when seeded within fat grafts at any dose. In the second approach, MDA‐MB‐231 cells had a strong trend toward lower Ki67 staining at all doses. Regression analysis on all groups with fat grafts and MDA‐MB‐231 revealed fat tissue was associated with lower cancer cell Ki67 staining. Healing fat grafts do not support the epithelial BT‐474 cell growth, and support the mesenchymal MDA‐MB‐231 cell growth only at doses ten times greater than in Matrigel controls. Moreover, fat grafts in association with MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cells already present in the wound resulted in decreased tumor proliferation and increased fibrosis. These findings suggest that clinical fat grafting does not induce breast cancer cell growth, and may even have a suppressive effect. stemcellstranslationalmedicine2018;7:125–134
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Tsuji
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Jolene E Valentin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kacey G Marra
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Albert D Donnenberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vera S Donnenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J Peter Rubin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Singh M, Tian XJ, Donnenberg VS, Watson AM, Zhang J, Stabile LP, Watkins SC, Xing J, Sant S. Targeting the Temporal Dynamics of Hypoxia-Induced Tumor-Secreted Factors Halts Tumor Migration. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2962-2977. [PMID: 30952634 PMCID: PMC6548579 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Targeting microenvironmental factors that foster migratory cell phenotypes is a promising strategy for halting tumor migration. However, lack of mechanistic understanding of the emergence of migratory phenotypes impedes pharmaceutical drug development. Using our three-dimensional microtumor model with tight control over tumor size, we recapitulated the tumor size-induced hypoxic microenvironment and emergence of migratory phenotypes in microtumors from epithelial breast cells and patient-derived primary metastatic breast cancer cells, mesothelioma cells, and lung cancer xenograft cells. The microtumor models from various patient-derived tumor cells and patient-derived xenograft cells revealed upregulation of tumor-secreted factors, including matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), fibronectin (FN), and soluble E-cadherin, consistent with clinically reported elevated levels of FN and MMP9 in patient breast tumors compared with healthy mammary glands. Secreted factors in the conditioned media of large microtumors induced a migratory phenotype in nonhypoxic, nonmigratory small microtumors. Subsequent mathematical analyses identified a two-stage microtumor progression and migration mechanism whereby hypoxia induces a migratory phenotype in the initialization stage, which then becomes self-sustained through a positive feedback loop established among the tumor-secreted factors. Computational and experimental studies showed that inhibition of tumor-secreted factors effectively halts microtumor migration despite tumor-to-tumor variation in migration kinetics, while inhibition of hypoxia is effective only within a time window and is compromised by tumor-to-tumor variation, supporting our notion that hypoxia initiates migratory phenotypes but does not sustain it. In summary, we show that targeting temporal dynamics of evolving microenvironments, especially tumor-secreted factors during tumor progression, can halt tumor migration. SIGNIFICANCE: This study uses state-of-the-art three-dimensional microtumor models and computational approaches to highlight the temporal dynamics of tumor-secreted microenvironmental factors in inducing tumor migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjulata Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiao-Jun Tian
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Vera S Donnenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, and UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alan M Watson
- Center for Biologic Imaging, Center for Vaccine Research, and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - JingYu Zhang
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura P Stabile
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging and the Department of Cellular Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jianhua Xing
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
- UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shilpa Sant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
- UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, and McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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11
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Fat Graft Safety after Oncologic Surgery: Addressing the Contradiction between In Vitro and Clinical Studies. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 142:1489-1499. [PMID: 30489524 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000004992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors investigate the in vitro and in vivo interaction of human breast cancer cells and human adipose-derived stem cells to address the controversy on the safety of postmastectomy fat grafting. METHODS The authors co-cultured human adipose-derived stem cells and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in an in vitro cell migration assay to examine the migration of breast cancer cells. In the in vivo arm, the authors injected breast cancer cells (group I), human breast cancer cells plus human adipose-derived stem cells (group II), human breast cancer cells plus human fat graft (group III), and human breast cancer cells plus human fat graft plus human adipose-derived stem cells (group IV) to the mammary fat pads of female nude mice (n = 20). The authors examined the tumors, livers, and lungs histologically after 2 weeks. RESULTS Migration of breast cancer cells increased significantly when co-cultured with adipose-derived stem cells (p < 0.05). The tumor growth rate in group IV was significantly higher than in groups I and II (p < 0.05). The tumor growth rate in group III was also higher than in groups I and II, but this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Histologically, there was no liver/lung metastasis at the end of 2 weeks. The vascular density in the tumors from group IV was significantly higher than in other groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The injection of breast cancer cells, fat graft, and adipose-derived stem cells together increases breast cancer xenograft growth rates significantly.
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12
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Tumour microenvironment and metabolic plasticity in cancer and cancer stem cells: Perspectives on metabolic and immune regulatory signatures in chemoresistant ovarian cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:265-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Yamaoka R, Ishii T, Kawai T, Yasuchika K, Miyauchi Y, Kojima H, Katayama H, Ogiso S, Fukumitsu K, Uemoto S. CD90 expression in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. J Surg Oncol 2018; 118:664-674. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.25192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoya Yamaoka
- Department of Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Takamichi Ishii
- Department of Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawai
- Department of Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Kentaro Yasuchika
- Department of Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Yuya Miyauchi
- Department of Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Hidenobu Kojima
- Department of Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Hokahiro Katayama
- Department of Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Satoshi Ogiso
- Department of Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Ken Fukumitsu
- Department of Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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14
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Lobba ARM, Carreira ACO, Cerqueira OLD, Fujita A, DeOcesano-Pereira C, Osorio CAB, Soares FA, Rameshwar P, Sogayar MC. High CD90 (THY-1) expression positively correlates with cell transformation and worse prognosis in basal-like breast cancer tumors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199254. [PMID: 29949609 PMCID: PMC6021101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, with the basal-like triple negative (TNBC) being the most agressive one, displaying the poorest prognosis within the ductal carcinoma subtype. Due to the lack of adequate molecular targets, the diagnosis and treatment of patients with the TNBC phenotype has been a great challenge. In a previous work, we identified CD90/Thy-1 as being highly expressed in the aggressive high malignancy grade Hs578T basal-like breast tumor cell line, pointing to this molecule as a promising breast tumor marker, which should be further investigated. Here, CD90 expression was analyzed in human breast cancer samples and its functional role was investigated to better assess the oncogenic nature of CD90 in mammary cells. Quantification of CD90 expression in human breast cancer samples, by tissue microarray, showed that high CD90 positivity correlates with metastasis and poor patient survival in the basal-like subtype. The functional genetic approach, by overexpression in the CD90 cDNA in a basal-like normal mammary cell line (MCF10A) and knockdown in a highly malignant cell line (Hs578T), allowed us to demonstrate that CD90 is involved with several cellular processes that lead to malignant transformation, such as: morphological change, increased cell proliferation, invasiveness, metastasis and activation of the EGFR pathway. Therefore, our results reveal that CD90 is involved with malignant transformation in breast cancer cell lines and is correlated with metastasis and poor patient survival in the basal-like subtype, being considered as a promising new breast cancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ramos Maia Lobba
- NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira
- NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Otto Luiz Dutra Cerqueira
- NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Fujita
- Department of Computer Science, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos DeOcesano-Pereira
- NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Mari Cleide Sogayar
- NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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15
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Establishment of primary cell culture and an intracranial xenograft model of pediatric ependymoma: a prospect for therapy development and understanding of tumor biology. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21731-21743. [PMID: 29774098 PMCID: PMC5955158 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ependymoma (EPN), the third most common pediatric brain tumor, is a central nervous system (CNS) malignancy originating from the walls of the ventricular system. Surgical resection followed by radiation therapy has been the primary treatment for most pediatric intracranial EPNs. Despite numerous studies into the prognostic value of histological classification, the extent of surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy, there have been relatively few studies into the molecular and cellular biology of EPNs. Results We elucidated the ultrastructure of the cultured EPN cells and characterized their profile of immunophenotypic pluripotency markers (CD133, CD90, SSEA-3, CXCR4). We established an experimental EPN model by the intracerebroventricular infusion of EPN cells labeled with multimodal iron oxide nanoparticles (MION), thereby generating a tumor and providing a clinically relevant animal model. MRI analysis was shown to be a valuable tool when combined with effective MION labeling techniques to accompany EPN growth. Conclusions We demonstrated that GFAP/CD133+CD90+/CD44+ EPN cells maintained key histopathological and growth characteristics of the original patient tumor. The characterization of EPN cells and the experimental model could facilitate biological studies and preclinical drug screening for pediatric EPNs. Methods In this work, we established notoriously challenging primary cell culture of anaplastic EPNs (WHO grade III) localized in the posterior fossa (PF), using EPNs obtained from 1 to 10-year-old patients (n = 07), and then characterized their immunophenotype and ultrastructure to finally develop a xenograft model.
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16
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Donnenberg VS, Zhang JJ, Moravcikova E, Meyer EM, Lu H, Carson CT, Donnenberg AD. Antibody-based cell-surface proteome profiling of metastatic breast cancer primary explants and cell lines. Cytometry A 2018; 93:448-457. [PMID: 29498809 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometric cell surface proteomics provides a new and powerful tool to determine changes accompanying neoplastic transformation and invasion, providing clues to essential interactions with the microenvironment as well as leads for potential therapeutic targets. One of the most important advantages of flow cytometric cell surface proteomics is that it can be performed on living cells that can be sorted for further characterization and functional studies. Here, we document the surface proteome of clonogenic metastatic breast cancer (MBrCa) explants, which was strikingly similar to that of normal mesenchymal stromal cells (P = 0.017, associated with Pearson correlation coefficient) and transformed mammary epithelial cells (P = 0.022). Markers specifically upregulated on MBrCa included CD200 (Ox2), CD51/CD61 (Integrin α5/β3), CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4), CD165 (c-Cbl), and CD54 (ICAM-1). Proteins progressively upregulated in a model of neoplastic transformation and invasion included CD26, CD63 (LAMP3), CD105 (Endoglin), CD107a (LAMP1), CD108 (Semaphorin 7A), CD109 (Integrin β4), CD151 (Raph blood group), and disialoganglioside G2. The proteome of the commonly used cell lines MDA-MB-231, MCF7, and BT-474 were uncorrelated with that of MBrCa (P = 1.0, 1.0, 0.9, respectively). The comparison has demonstrated the mesenchymal nature of clonogenic cells isolated by short-term culture of metastatic breast cancer, provided several leads for biomarkers and potential targets for anti-invasive therapy, including CD200, and highlighted the limitations of breast cancer cell lines for representing the cell surface biology of breast cancer. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S Donnenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jayce Jieming Zhang
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Erika Moravcikova
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Haihui Lu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Albert D Donnenberg
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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17
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Mokhtarzadeh A, Hassanpour S, Vahid ZF, Hejazi M, Hashemi M, Ranjbari J, Tabarzad M, Noorolyai S, de la Guardia M. Nano-delivery system targeting to cancer stem cell cluster of differentiation biomarkers. J Control Release 2017; 266:166-186. [PMID: 28941992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are one of the most important origins of cancer progression and metastasis. CSCs have unique self-renewal properties and diverse cell membrane receptors that induced the resistance to the conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, the therapeutic removal of CSCs could result in the cancer cure with lack of recurrence and metastasis. In this regard, targeting CSCs in accordance to their specific biomarkers is a talented attitude in cancer therapy. Various CSCs surface biomarkers have been described, which some of them exhibited similarities on different cancer cell types, while the others are cancer specific and have just been reported on one or a few types of cancers. In this review, the importance of CSCs in cancer development and therapeutic response has been stated. Different CSCs cluster of differentiation (CD) biomarkers and their specific function and applications in the treatment of cancers have been discussed, Special attention has been made on targeted nano-delivery systems. In this regard, several examples have been illustrated concerning specific natural and artificial ligands against CSCs CD biomarkers that could be decorated on various nanoparticulated drug delivery systems to enhance therapeutic index of chemotherapeutic agents or anticancer gene therapy. The outlook of CSCs biomarkers discovery and therapeutic/diagnostic applications was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Hassanpour
- Department of Biochemistry, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Maryam Hashemi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Ranjbari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tabarzad
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Noorolyai
- Department of Biochemistry, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Miguel de la Guardia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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18
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Mehta K, Moravcikova E, McFall D, Luketich JD, Pennathur A, Donnenberg AD, Donnenberg VS. The Mesenchymal State Predicts Poor Disease-Free Survival in Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 104:321-328. [PMID: 28499650 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is thought to contribute to the overall invasiveness of malignant cells. Expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 44 and CD90 mark the mesenchymal state in multiple epithelial malignancies. Their role in lung cancer remains unclear, however. This study evaluated the prognostic significance of CD44 and CD90 coexpression in patients with resectable primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS This was a nonconcurrent cohort study of patients with resectable NSCLC, stratified by the degree of expression of CD44/CD90 double-positive cells in their primary tumor. Flow cytometry was used for immunophenotyping of freshly isolated disaggregated tumor. We analyzed the relationship between expression of CD44/CD90 and relapse-free survival. RESULTS We evaluated 37 patients (18 men; median age, 70 years) with NSCLC. For this group, the geometric mean proportion of cells coexpressing CD44/CD90 was 0.52%. Expression of CD44/CD90 was significantly elevated (24.4%, geometric mean) in 6 patients. The median relapse-free survival for patients with high CD44/CD90 coexpression was 7.7 months (95% confidence interval, 4.2 to 11.7) compared with 40 months (95% confidence interval, 18.2 to 77.8) for the group with low CD44/CD90 coexpression (p = 0.00006 by Mantel log-rank test). The assessment of risk based upon CD44/CD90 expression status was not correlated with pathologic staging (p = 0.073 by χ2). CONCLUSIONS High expression of CD44 and CD90 was associated with significantly reduced relapse-free survival in NSCLC patients. These results suggest that CD44 and CD90 may be important markers of tumor progression in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Mehta
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Erika Moravcikova
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David McFall
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - James D Luketich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Arjun Pennathur
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Albert D Donnenberg
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Vera S Donnenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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19
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Tiran V, Stanzer S, Heitzer E, Meilinger M, Rossmann C, Lax S, Tsybrovskyy O, Dandachi N, Balic M. Genetic profiling of putative breast cancer stem cells from malignant pleural effusions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175223. [PMID: 28423035 PMCID: PMC5396869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A common symptom during late stage breast cancer disease is pleural effusion, which is related to poor prognosis. Malignant cells can be detected in pleural effusions indicating metastatic spread from the primary tumor site. Pleural effusions have been shown to be a useful source for studying metastasis and for isolating cells with putative cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. For the present study, pleural effusion aspirates from 17 metastatic breast cancer patients were processed to propagate CSCs in vitro. Patient-derived aspirates were cultured under sphere forming conditions and isolated primary cultures were further sorted for cancer stem cell subpopulations ALDH1+ and CD44+CD24-/low. Additionally, sphere forming efficiency of CSC and non-CSC subpopulations was determined. In order to genetically characterize the different tumor subpopulations, DNA was isolated from pleural effusions before and after cell sorting, and compared with corresponding DNA copy number profiles from primary tumors or bone metastasis using low-coverage whole genome sequencing (SCNA-seq). In general, unsorted cells had a higher potential to form spheres when compared to CSC subpopulations. In most cases, cell sorting did not yield sufficient cells for copy number analysis. A total of five from nine analyzed unsorted pleura samples (55%) showed aberrant copy number profiles similar to the respective primary tumor. However, most sorted subpopulations showed a balanced profile indicating an insufficient amount of tumor cells and low sensitivity of the sequencing method. Finally, we were able to establish a long term cell culture from one pleural effusion sample, which was characterized in detail. In conclusion, we confirm that pleural effusions are a suitable source for enrichment of putative CSC. However, sequencing based molecular characterization is impeded due to insufficient sensitivity along with a high number of normal contaminating cells, which are masking genetic alterations of rare cancer (stem) cells.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/metabolism
- Bone Neoplasms/secondary
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Cell Separation/instrumentation
- Cell Separation/methods
- DNA Copy Number Variations
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Microsatellite Repeats
- Middle Aged
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Pleural Effusion, Malignant/diagnosis
- Pleural Effusion, Malignant/genetics
- Pleural Effusion, Malignant/metabolism
- Pleural Effusion, Malignant/pathology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Prospective Studies
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Tiran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefanie Stanzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Meilinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Second Internal Division of Pulmonology, Otto Wagner Spital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Rossmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sigurd Lax
- Institute of Pathology, LKH Graz West, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Nadia Dandachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit Epigenetic and Genetic Cancer Biomarkers, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail: (ND); (MB)
| | - Marija Balic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit Circulating Tumor Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail: (ND); (MB)
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20
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Moraes DA, Sibov TT, Pavon LF, Alvim PQ, Bonadio RS, Da Silva JR, Pic-Taylor A, Toledo OA, Marti LC, Azevedo RB, Oliveira DM. A reduction in CD90 (THY-1) expression results in increased differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:97. [PMID: 27465541 PMCID: PMC4964048 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells used in several cell therapies. MSCs are characterized by the expression of CD73, CD90, and CD105 cell markers, and the absence of CD34, CD45, CD11a, CD19, and HLA-DR cell markers. CD90 is a glycoprotein present in the MSC membranes and also in adult cells and cancer stem cells. The role of CD90 in MSCs remains unknown. Here, we sought to analyse the role that CD90 plays in the characteristic properties of in vitro expanded human MSCs. METHODS We investigated the function of CD90 with regard to morphology, proliferation rate, suppression of T-cell proliferation, and osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of MSCs by reducing the expression of this marker using CD90-target small hairpin RNA lentiviral vectors. RESULTS The present study shows that a reduction in CD90 expression enhances the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro and, unexpectedly, causes a decrease in CD44 and CD166 expression. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that CD90 controls the differentiation of MSCs by acting as an obstacle in the pathway of differentiation commitment. This may be overcome in the presence of the correct differentiation stimuli, supporting the idea that CD90 level manipulation may lead to more efficient differentiation rates in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A. Moraes
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
- Centro Universitario do Distrito Federal UDF, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Tatiana T. Sibov
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Lorena F. Pavon
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Paula Q. Alvim
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Raphael S. Bonadio
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Jaqueline R. Da Silva
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Aline Pic-Taylor
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Orlando A. Toledo
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Luciana C. Marti
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Ricardo B. Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Daniela M. Oliveira
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
- IB-Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília - UNB, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, CEP 70910-970 Brazil
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21
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Pavon LF, Sibov TT, de Oliveira DM, Marti LC, Cabral FR, de Souza JG, Boufleur P, Malheiros SM, de Paiva Neto MA, da Cruz EF, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, Cavalheiro S. Mesenchymal stem cell-like properties of CD133+ glioblastoma initiating cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:40546-40557. [PMID: 27244897 PMCID: PMC5130027 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is composed of dividing tumor cells, stromal cells and tumor initiating CD133+ cells. Recent reports have discussed the origin of the glioblastoma CD133+ cells and their function in the tumor microenvironment. The present work sought to investigate the multipotent and mesenchymal properties of primary highly purified human CD133+ glioblastoma-initiating cells. To accomplish this aim, we used the following approaches: i) generation of tumor subspheres of CD133+ selected cells from primary cell cultures of glioblastoma; ii) analysis of the expression of pluripotency stem cell markers and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers in the CD133+ glioblastoma-initiating cells; iii) side-by-side ultrastructural characterization of the CD133+ glioblastoma cells, MSC and CD133+ hematopoietic stem cells isolated from human umbilical cord blood (UCB); iv) assessment of adipogenic differentiation of CD133+ glioblastoma cells to test their MSC-like in vitro differentiation ability; and v) use of an orthotopic glioblastoma xenograft model in the absence of immune suppression. We found that the CD133+ glioblastoma cells expressed both the pluripotency stem cell markers (Nanog, Mush-1 and SSEA-3) and MSC markers. In addition, the CD133+ cells were able to differentiate into adipocyte-like cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that the CD133+ glioblastoma-initiating cells had ultrastructural features similar to those of undifferentiated MSCs. In addition, when administered in vivo to non-immunocompromised animals, the CD133+ cells were also able to mimic the phenotype of the original patient's tumor. In summary, we showed that the CD133+ glioblastoma cells express molecular signatures of MSCs, neural stem cells and pluripotent stem cells, thus possibly enabling differentiation into both neural and mesodermal cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Favaro Pavon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Experimental Research, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Tais Sibov
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana C. Marti
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Experimental Research, São Paulo, Brazil
- Allergy and Immunopathology Graduate Program, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Romero Cabral
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Experimental Research, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da São Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean Gabriel de Souza
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Neuro-Oncology Program, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pamela Boufleur
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Neuro-Oncology Program, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzana M.F. Malheiros
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Neuro-Oncology Program, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuel A. de Paiva Neto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgard Ferreira da Cruz
- Discipline of Nephrology, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Cavalheiro
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Multiple roles of CD90 in cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11611-11622. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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23
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Sangkum P, Yafi FA, Kim H, Bouljihad M, Ranjan M, Datta A, Mandava SH, Sikka SC, Abdel-Mageed AB, Hellstrom WJG. Effect of adipose tissue-derived stem cell injection in a rat model of urethral fibrosis. Can Urol Assoc J 2016; 10:E175-E180. [PMID: 27790299 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We sought to evaluate the therapeutic effect of adi-pose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in a rat model of urethral fibrosis. METHODS Eighteen (18) male Sprague-Dawley rats (300‒350 g) were divided into three groups: (1) sham (saline injection); (2) urethral fibrosis group (10 μg transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) injection); and (3) ADSCs group (10 μg TGF-β1 injection plus 2 × 105 ADSCs). Rat ADSCs were harvested from rat inguinal fat pads. All study animals were euthanized at two weeks after urethral injection. Following euthanasia, rat urethral tissue was harvested for histologic evaluation. Type I and III collagen levels were quantitated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS TGF-β1 injection induced significant urethral fibrosis and increased collagen type I and III expression (p<0.05). Significant decrease in submucosal fibrosis and collagen type I and III expression were noted in the ADSCs group compared with the urethral fibrosis group (p<0.05). TGF-β1 induced fibrotic changes were ameliorated by injection of ADSCs. CONCLUSIONS Local injection of ADSCs in a rat model of urethral fibrosis significantly decreased collagen type I and III. These findings suggest that ADSC injection may prevent scar formation and potentially serve as an adjunct treatment to increase the success rate of primary treatment for urethral stricture disease. Further animal and clinical studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premsant Sangkum
- Division of Urology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Faysal A Yafi
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hogyoung Kim
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Mostafa Bouljihad
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Manish Ranjan
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Amrita Datta
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Sree Harsha Mandava
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Suresh C Sikka
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Asim B Abdel-Mageed
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Wayne J G Hellstrom
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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24
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Donnenberg VS, Huber A, Basse P, Rubin JP, Donnenberg AD. Neither epithelial nor mesenchymal circulating tumor cells isolated from breast cancer patients are tumorigenic in NOD- scid Il2rgnull mice. NPJ Breast Cancer 2016; 2:16004. [PMID: 28721373 PMCID: PMC5515339 DOI: 10.1038/npjbcancer.2016.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantitative evaluation of circulating EpCAM+ tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients provides an independent predictor of risk of progression in patients with metastatic disease. The present study investigated the tumorigenic potential of CTCs from cryopreserved mobilized leukapheresis products obtained from three metastatic breast cancer patients in remission. Cells were immunomagnetically separated if they expressed either the epithelial cell surface marker EpCAM, or CD90, a mesenchymal stromal cell marker associated with tumorigenic stem-like cancer cells. Cells were injected into the mammary fat pads of NOD-scid Il2rgnull mice. The injection of very large numbers of CTCs (0.3-1.5×106 CTCs per site, 20 sites per sample) in an optimized xenograft model did not result in the establishment of human-derived tumor xenografts. Four orders of magnitude fewer cells of the same CD90+ phenotype, but obtained from metastatic breast cancer pleural effusions, were highly tumorigenic in the same model system. These results favor the interpretation that circulating tumor cell load does not directly bear on metastatic potential, and that tumorigenic circulating breast cancer cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer are exceedingly rare. Furthermore, the CD44+/CD90+ phenotypic signature indicative of tumorigenicity in cells separated from metastatic or primary breast tumors does not have the same significance in circulating tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S Donnenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Per Basse
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Peter Rubin
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Albert D Donnenberg
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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25
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Gokce A, Abd Elmageed ZY, Lasker GF, Bouljihad M, Braun SE, Kim H, Kadowitz PJ, Abdel-Mageed AB, Sikka SC, Hellstrom WJ. Intratunical Injection of Genetically Modified Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells with Human Interferon α-2b for Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Tunica Albugineal Fibrosis. J Sex Med 2015; 12:1533-44. [PMID: 26062100 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peyronie's disease (PD) has frequently been associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) and may further compromise coitus. AIM To investigate the efficacy of intratunical injection of genetically modified rat adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) expressing human interferon α-2b (ADSCs-IFN) in decreasing fibrosis and restoring erectile function in a rat model of tunica albugineal fibrosis (TAF). METHODS A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley rats (12 weeks old; 300-350 g) were randomly divided in six equal groups: (i) sham group (50 μL saline-injected into the tunica albuginea [TA]); (ii) TAF group (transforming growth factor [TGF]-β1 [0.5 μg/50 μL] injected into the TA); (iii) TGF-β1 plus 5 × 10(5) control ADSCs injected same day; (iv) TGF-β1 plus 5 × 10(5) ADSCs-IFN injected same day; (v) TGF-β1 plus 5 × 10(5) control ADSCs injected after 30 days; and (vi) TGF-β1 plus 5 × 10(5) ADSCs-IFN injected after 30 days. Rat allogeneic ADSCs were harvested from inguinal fat tissue. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Forty-five days following the TGF-β1 injection, erectile function was assessed, and penile tissues were harvested for further evaluations. RESULTS In the same-day injection groups, intratunical injection of ADSCs and ADSC-IFN improved erectile response observed upon stimulation of cavernous nerve compared with TAF group. Intratunical ADSC-IFN injection at day 30 improved erectile responses 3.1, 1.8, and 1.3 fold at voltages of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.0, respectively, when compared with TAF group. Furthermore, at voltages of 2.5 and 5.0, treatment on day 30 with ADSCs-IFN improved erectile responses 1.6- and 1.3-fold over treatment with ADSCs alone. Local injection of ADSCs or ADSCs-IFN reduced Peyronie's-like manifestations, and these effects might be associated with a decrease in the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. CONCLUSION This study documents that transplantation of genetically modified ADSCs, with or without human IFN α-2b, attenuated Peyronie's-like changes and enhanced erectile function in a rat model of TAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Gokce
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Urology, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | | | - George F Lasker
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Stephen E Braun
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hogyoung Kim
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Philip J Kadowitz
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Asim B Abdel-Mageed
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Suresh C Sikka
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wayne J Hellstrom
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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26
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The role of adipose-derived stem cells in breast cancer progression and metastasis. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:120949. [PMID: 26000019 PMCID: PMC4427098 DOI: 10.1155/2015/120949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional breast cancer extirpation involves resection of parts of or the whole gland, resulting in asymmetry and disfiguration. Given the unsatisfactory aesthetic outcomes, patients often desire postmastectomy reconstructive procedures. Autologous fat grafting has been proposed for reconstructive purposes for decades to restore form and anatomy after mastectomy. Fat has the inherent advantage of being autologous tissue and the most natural-appearing filler, but given its inconsistent engraftment and retention rates, it lacks reliability. Implementation of autologous fat grafts with cellular adjuncts, such as multipotent adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), has shown promising results. However, it is pertinent and critical to question whether these cells could promote any residual tumor cells to proliferate, differentiate, or metastasize or even induce de novo carcinogenesis. Thus far, preclinical and clinical study findings are discordant. A trend towards potential promotion of both breast cancer growth and invasion by ADSCs found in basic science studies was indeed not confirmed in clinical trials. Whether experimental findings eventually correlate with or will be predictive of clinical outcomes remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to concisely review current experimental findings on the interaction of mesenchymal stem cells and breast cancer, mainly focusing on ADSCs as a promising tool for regenerative medicine, and discuss the implications in clinical translation.
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27
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Donnenberg VS, Donnenberg AD. Stem cell state and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition: Implications for cancer therapy. J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 55:603-19. [PMID: 25708160 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell paradigm, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and its converse, the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, have reached convergence. Implicit in this understanding is the notion that cancer cells can change state, and with such change come bidirectional alterations in motility, proliferative activity, and drug resistance. As such, tumors present a moving target for antineoplastic therapy. This article will review the evolving adult stem cell paradigm and how changes in our understanding of the bidirectional nature of cancer cell differentiation may affect the selection and timing of antineoplastic therapy. The goal is to determine how to best administer therapies potentially targeted against the cancer stem cell state in the context of established treatment regimens, and to evaluate long-term effects beyond tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S Donnenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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28
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Selbo PK, Bostad M, Olsen CE, Edwards VT, Høgset A, Weyergang A, Berg K. Photochemical internalisation, a minimally invasive strategy for light-controlled endosomal escape of cancer stem cell-targeting therapeutics. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1433-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00027k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite progress in radio-, chemo- and photodynamic-therapy (PDT) of cancer, treatment resistance still remains a major problem for patients with aggressive tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål Kristian Selbo
- Department of Radiation Biology
- Institute for Cancer Research
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Oslo University Hospital
- Montebello
| | - Monica Bostad
- Department of Radiation Biology
- Institute for Cancer Research
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Oslo University Hospital
- Montebello
| | - Cathrine Elisabeth Olsen
- Department of Radiation Biology
- Institute for Cancer Research
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Oslo University Hospital
- Montebello
| | - Victoria Tudor Edwards
- Department of Radiation Biology
- Institute for Cancer Research
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Oslo University Hospital
- Montebello
| | - Anders Høgset
- Cancer Stem Cell Innovation Center (SFI-CAST)
- Institute for Cancer Research
- Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Oslo University Hospital
- Oslo
| | - Anette Weyergang
- Department of Radiation Biology
- Institute for Cancer Research
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Oslo University Hospital
- Montebello
| | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation Biology
- Institute for Cancer Research
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Oslo University Hospital
- Montebello
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29
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Gokce A, Abd Elmageed ZY, Lasker GF, Bouljihad M, Kim H, Trost LW, Kadowitz PJ, Abdel-Mageed AB, Sikka SC, Hellstrom WJ. Adipose tissue-derived stem cell therapy for prevention and treatment of erectile dysfunction in a rat model of Peyronie's disease. Andrology 2014; 2:244-51. [PMID: 24574095 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peyronie's disease (PD) is a localized connective tissue disorder that involves the tunica albuginea (TA) of the penis. While surgical correction remains the gold standard, the search for an effective and less invasive therapy continues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of intratunical injection of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for the prevention and treatment of erectile dysfunction in a rat model of PD. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-350 g) were randomly divided into four groups: sham, PD, PD + ADSC (prevention) and PD + ADSC (treatment). All rats underwent penile injections into the TA with 50 μL vehicle (sham) or 0.5 μg transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (remaining groups). The ADSC groups received intratunical injections with 0.5 million rat-labelled ADSCs on day 0 (prevention) or day 30 (treatment). Forty-five days following TGF-β1 injection, rats underwent cavernous nerve stimulation (CNS) with total intracavernous-to-mean arterial pressure ratio (ICP/MAP) and total ICP recorded to measure response to therapy. Tissues were evaluated histologically and for mRNA expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and zymographic activity of MMPs. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test for post hoc comparisons. In both prevention and treatment groups, intratunical injection of ADSCs resulted in significantly higher ICP/MAP and total ICP in response to CNS compared with the PD group. Local injection of ADSCs prevented and/or reduced Peyronie's-like changes by decreasing the expression of TIMPs, and stimulating expression and activity of MMPs. This study documents the preventive and therapeutic benefits of ADSC on penile fibrosis and erectile function in an animal model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gokce
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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30
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Lu H, Clauser KR, Tam WL, Fröse J, Ye X, Eaton EN, Reinhardt F, Donnenberg VS, Bhargava R, Carr SA, Weinberg RA. A breast cancer stem cell niche supported by juxtacrine signalling from monocytes and macrophages. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:1105-17. [PMID: 25266422 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cell-biological program termed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) confers on cancer cells mesenchymal traits and an ability to enter the cancer stem cell (CSC) state. However, the interactions between CSCs and their surrounding microenvironment are poorly understood. Here we show that tumour-associated monocytes and macrophages (TAMs) create a CSC niche through juxtacrine signalling with CSCs. We performed quantitative proteomic profiling and found that the EMT program upregulates the expression of CD90, also known as Thy1, and EphA4, which mediate the physical interactions of CSCs with TAMs by directly binding with their respective counter-receptors on these cells. In response, the EphA4 receptor on the carcinoma cells activates Src and NF-κB. In turn, NF-κB in the CSCs induces the secretion of a variety of cytokines that serve to sustain the stem cell state. Indeed, admixed macrophages enhance the CSC activities of carcinoma cells. These findings underscore the significance of TAMs as important components of the CSC niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Lu
- 1] Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] MIT Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Karl R Clauser
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Wai Leong Tam
- 1] Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] MIT Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA [3] Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Julia Fröse
- 1] Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany [3] University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xin Ye
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Elinor Ng Eaton
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Ferenc Reinhardt
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Vera S Donnenberg
- 1] Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA [2] Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Robert A Weinberg
- 1] Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] MIT Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA [3] Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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31
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Park TS, Donnenberg VS, Donnenberg AD, Zambidis ET, Zimmerlin L. Dynamic Interactions Between Cancer Stem Cells And Their Stromal Partners. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2014; 2:41-52. [PMID: 24660130 PMCID: PMC3956651 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-013-0036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) paradigm presumes the existence of self-renewing cancer cells capable of regenerating all tumor compartments and exhibiting stem cell-associated phenotypes. Recent interpretations of the CSC hypothesis envision stemness as a dynamic trait of tumor-initiating cells rather than a defined and unique cell type. Bidirectional crosstalk between the tumor microenvironment and the cancer bulk is well described in the literature and the tumor-associated stroma, vasculature and immune infiltrate have all been implicated as direct contributors to tumor development. These non-neoplastic cell types have also been shown to organize specific niches within the tumor bulk where they can control the intra-tumor CSC content and alter the fate of CSCs and tumor progenitors during tumorigenesis to acquire phenotypic features for invasion, metastasis and dormancy. Despite the complexity of the tumor-stroma interactome, novel therapeutic approaches envision combining tumor-ablative treatment with manipulation of the tumor microenvironment. We will review the currently available literature that provides clues about the complex cellular network that regulate the CSC phenotype and its niches during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Soon Park
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vera S. Donnenberg
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Albert D. Donnenberg
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elias T. Zambidis
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ludovic Zimmerlin
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Pavon LF, Marti LC, Sibov TT, Malheiros SMF, Brandt RA, Cavalheiro S, Gamarra LF. In vitro Analysis of Neurospheres Derived from Glioblastoma Primary Culture: A Novel Methodology Paradigm. Front Neurol 2014; 4:214. [PMID: 24432012 PMCID: PMC3883037 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most lethal primary brain tumor that frequently relapse or progress as focal masses after radiation, suggesting that a fraction of tumor cells are responsible for the tumor regrowth. The identification of a brain tumor cell subpopulation with potent tumorigenic activity supports the cancer stem cell hypothesis in solid tumors. The goal of this study is to determine a methodology for the establishment of primary human glioblastoma cell lines. Our aim is achieved by taking the following approaches: (i) the establishment of primary glioblastoma cell culture; (ii) isolation of neurospheres derived from glioblastoma primary cultures; (iii) selection of CD133 cells from neurospheres, (iv) formation of subspheres in the CD133-positive population, (v) study of the expression level of GFAP, CD133, Nestin, Nanog, CD34, Sox2, CD44, and CD90 markers on tumor subspheres. Hence, we described a successful method for isolation of CD133-positive cell population and establishment of glioblastoma neurospheres from this primary culture, which are more robust than the ones derived straight from the tumor. Pointed out that the neurospheres derived from glioblastoma primary culture showed 29% more cells expressing CD133 then the ones straight tumor-derived, denoting a higher concentration of CD133-positive cells in the neurospheres derived from glioblastoma primary culture. These CD133-positive fractions were able to further generate subspheres. The subspheres derived from glioblastoma primary culture presented a well-defined morphology while the ones derived from the fresh tumor were sparce and less robust. And the negative fraction of CD133 cells was unable to generate subspheres. The tumor subspheres expressed GFAP, CD133, Nestin, Nanog, CD44, and CD90. Also, the present study describes an optimization of neurospheres/subspheres isolation from glioblastoma primary culture by selection of CD133-positive adherent stem cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Favaro Pavon
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universiade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil ; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Instituto do Cérebro (InCe) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Luciana C Marti
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE) , São Paulo , Brazil ; Programa de Imunopatologia e Alergia da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (FMUSP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Tatiana Tais Sibov
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universiade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil ; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Instituto do Cérebro (InCe) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Suzana M F Malheiros
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universiade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil ; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Centro de Neuro-Oncologia , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Cavalheiro
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universiade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Lionel F Gamarra
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universiade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil ; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Instituto do Cérebro (InCe) , São Paulo , Brazil ; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Yoshida GJ, Saya H. Inversed relationship between CD44 variant and c-Myc due to oxidative stress-induced canonical Wnt activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 443:622-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Zimmerlin L, Park TS, Zambidis ET, Donnenberg VS, Donnenberg AD. Mesenchymal stem cell secretome and regenerative therapy after cancer. Biochimie 2013; 95:2235-45. [PMID: 23747841 PMCID: PMC3825748 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment generally relies on tumor ablative techniques that can lead to major functional or disfiguring defects. These post-therapy impairments require the development of safe regenerative therapy strategies during cancer remission. Many current tissue repair approaches exploit paracrine (immunomodulatory, pro-angiogenic, anti-apoptotic and pro-survival effects) or restoring (functional or structural tissue repair) properties of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC). Yet, a major concern in the application of regenerative therapies during cancer remission remains the possible triggering of cancer recurrence. Tumor relapse implies the persistence of rare subsets of tumor-initiating cancer cells which can escape anti-cancer therapies and lie dormant in specific niches awaiting reactivation via unknown stimuli. Many of the components required for successful regenerative therapy (revascularization, immunosuppression, cellular homing, tissue growth promotion) are also critical for tumor progression and metastasis. While bi-directional crosstalk between tumorigenic cells (especially aggressive cancer cell lines) and MSC (including tumor stroma-resident populations) has been demonstrated in a variety of cancers, the effects of local or systemic MSC delivery for regenerative purposes on persisting cancer cells during remission remain controversial. Both pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects of MSC have been reported in the literature. Our own data using breast cancer clinical isolates have suggested that dormant-like tumor-initiating cells do not respond to MSC signals, unlike actively dividing cancer cells which benefited from the presence of supportive MSC. The secretome of MSC isolated from various tissues may partially diverge, but it includes a core of cytokines (i.e. CCL2, CCL5, IL-6, TGFβ, VEGF), which have been implicated in tumor growth and/or metastasis. This article reviews published models for studying interactions between MSC and cancer cells with a focus on the impact of MSC secretome on cancer cell activity, and discusses the implications for regenerative therapy after cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Zimmerlin
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tea Soon Park
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elias T. Zambidis
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vera S. Donnenberg
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Albert D. Donnenberg
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Bustos ML, Huleihel L, Meyer EM, Donnenberg AD, Donnenberg VS, Sciurba JD, Mroz L, McVerry BJ, Ellis BM, Kaminski N, Rojas M. Activation of human mesenchymal stem cells impacts their therapeutic abilities in lung injury by increasing interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-1RN levels. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:884-95. [PMID: 24089414 PMCID: PMC3808203 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, with no currently effective therapies. Several preclinical studies have shown that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have therapeutic potential for patients with ARDS because of their immunomodulatory properties. The clinical use of hMSCs has some limitations, such as the extensive manipulation required to isolate the cells from bone marrow aspirates and the heterogeneity in their anti-inflammatory effect in animal models and clinical trials. The objective of this study was to improve the protective anti-inflammatory capacity of hMSCs by evaluating the consequences of preactivating hMSCs before use in a murine model of ARDS. We injected endotoxemic mice with minimally manipulated hMSCs isolated from the bone marrow of vertebral bodies with or without prior activation with serum from ARDS patients. Minimally manipulated hMSCs were more efficient at reducing lung inflammation compared with isolated and in vitro expanded hMSCs obtained from bone marrow aspirates. Where the most important effect was observed was with the activated hMSCs, independent of their source, which resulted in increased expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (RN), which was associated with enhancement of their protective capacity by reduction of the lung injury score, development of pulmonary edema, and accumulation of bronchoalveolar lavage inflammatory cells and cytokines compared with nonactivated cells. This study demonstrates that a low manipulation during hMSC isolation and expansion increases, together with preactivation prior to the therapeutic use of hMSCs, would ensure an appropriate immunomodulatory phenotype of the hMSCs, reducing the heterogeneity in their anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L. Bustos
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luai Huleihel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ernest M. Meyer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Albert D. Donnenberg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vera S. Donnenberg
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph D. Sciurba
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lyle Mroz
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bryan J. McVerry
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Bryon M. Ellis
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- the Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Martin TA, Jiang WG. Evaluation of the expression of stem cell markers in human breast cancer reveals a correlation with clinical progression and metastatic disease in ductal carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:262-72. [PMID: 24173498 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor stem cell theory could explain how patients with metastatic disease show clinical relapse several months after starting treatment due to the survival of a small group of cells with unique characteristics. We examined the distribution and expression of a panel of stem cell markers in human breast cancer primary tumors. Human breast tissues were processed for immunohistochemistry, and RNA was extracted for analysis by quantitative-PCR. Immunohistochemical assay revealed that CD44 was strongly expressed in background endothelia and epithelia. CD133 expression was lost in tumor-associated endothelial cells. Conversely, CD49b was strongly stained in the tumors, associated vessels and ducts but was weakly stained in the background epithelia. q-PCR analysis revealed that CD44 and PSCA were reduced in patients with poor outcome (metastatic disease and death from breast cancer), with a marked reduction in ductal carcinoma, particularly with metastasis to bone although these did not reach significant difference. CD133 was significantly reduced in patients with metastatic disease and was also significantly reduced in patients with ductal carcinoma/bone metastasis. Conversely, CD49F was increased in patients with a poor outcome and those with ductal cancer and bone metastases. This is the first study to determine the distribution and expression pattern of these stem cell markers in human breast cancer. There was a significant association between loss of expression and metastatic disease in patients with breast cancer. Such differential expression may play a part in breast cancer disease progression, and suggests that the current stem cell theory may not hold true for all cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Amanda Martin
- Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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37
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Sánchez-Céspedes R, Maniscalco L, Iussich S, Martignani E, Guil-Luna S, De Maria R, Martín de Las Mulas J, Millán Y. Isolation, purification, culture and characterisation of myoepithelial cells from normal and neoplastic canine mammary glands using a magnetic-activated cell sorting separation system. Vet J 2013; 197:474-82. [PMID: 23583698 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mammary gland tumours, the most common malignant neoplasm in bitches, often display myoepithelial (ME) cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to isolate, purify, culture and characterise ME cells from normal and neoplastic canine mammary glands. Monodispersed cells from three normal canine mammary glands and five canine mammary tumours were incubated with an anti-Thy1 antibody and isolated by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). Cells isolated from two normal glands (cell lines CmME-N1 and CmME-N2) and four tumours (cell lines CmME-K1 from a complex carcinoma, CmME-K2 from a simple tubulopapillary carcinoma, and CmME-K3 and CmME-K4 from two carcinomas within benign tumours) were cultured in supplemented DMEM/F12 media for 40days. Cell purity was >90%. Tumour-derived ME cell lines exhibited heterogeneous morphology, growth patterns and immunocytochemical expression of cytokeratins, whereas cell lines from normal glands retained their morphology and levels of cytokeratin expression during culture. Cell lines from normal glands and carcinomas within benign tumours grew more slowly than those from simple and complex carcinomas. This methodology has the potential to be used for in vitro analysis of the role of ME cells in the growth and progression of canine mammary tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sánchez-Céspedes
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
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38
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Donnenberg VS, Landreneau RJ, Pfeifer ME, Donnenberg AD. Flow cytometric determination of stem/progenitor content in epithelial tissues: an example from nonsmall lung cancer and normal lung. Cytometry A 2013; 83:141-9. [PMID: 23081669 PMCID: PMC4162487 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Single cell analysis and cell sorting has enabled the study of development, growth, differentiation, repair and maintenance of "liquid" tissues and their cancers. The application of these methods to solid tissues is equally promising, but several unique technical challenges must be addressed. This report illustrates the application of multidimensional flow cytometry to the identification of candidate stem/progenitor populations in non-small cell lung cancer and paired normal lung tissue. Seventeen paired tumor/normal lung samples were collected at the time of surgical excision and processed immediately. Tissues were mechanically and enzymatically dissociated into single cell suspension and stained with a panel of antibodies used for negative gating (CD45, CD14, CD33, glycophorin A), identification of epithelial cells (intracellular cytokeratin), and detection of stem/progenitor markers (CD44, CD90, CD117, CD133). DAPI was added to measure DNA content. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples were stained with key markers (cytokeratin, CD117, DAPI) for immunofluorescent tissue localization of populations detected by flow cytometry. Disaggregated tumor and lung preparations contained a high proportion of events that would interfere with analysis, were they not eliminated by logical gating. We demonstrate how inclusion of doublets, events with hypodiploid DNA, and cytokeratin+ events also staining for hematopoietic markers reduces the ability to quantify epithelial cells and their precursors. Using the lung cancer/normal lung data set, we present an approach to multidimensional data analysis that consists of artifact removal, identification of classes of cells to be studied further (classifiers) and the measurement of outcome variables on these cell classes. The results of bivariate analysis show a striking similarity between the expression of stem/progenitor markers on lung tumor and adjacent tumor-free lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S. Donnenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Rodney J. Landreneau
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | | | - Albert D. Donnenberg
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh PA USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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Donnenberg AD, Zimmerlin L, Landreneau RJ, Luketich JD, Donnenberg VS. KIT (CD117) expression in a subset of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52885. [PMID: 23285214 PMCID: PMC3527622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously described the expression of CD44, CD90, CD117 and CD133 in NSCLC tumors, adjacent normal lung, and malignant pleural effusions (MPE). Here we describe the unique subset of tumors expressing CD117 (KIT), a potential therapeutic target. Tumor and adjacent tissue were collected from 58 patients. Six MPE were obtained before therapy. Tissue was paraffin embedded for immunofluorescent microscopy, disaggregated and stained for flow cytometry or cryopreserved for later culture. The effect of imatinib on CD117(high)/KIT+ tumors was determined on first passage cells; absolute cell counts and flow cytometry were readouts for drug sensitivity of cell subsets. Primary tumors divided into KIT(neg) and KIT+ by immunofluorescence. By more sensitive flow cytometric analysis, CD117+ cytokeratin+ cells were detected in all tissues (1.1% of cytokeratin+ cells in normal lung, 1.29% in KIT "negative" tumors, 40.7% in KIT+ tumors, and 0.4% in MPE). In KIT+/CD117(high), but not KIT+/CD117(low) tumors, CD117 was overexpressed 3.1-fold compared to normal lung. Primary cultures of CD117(high) tumors were sensitive to imatinib (5 µM) in short term culture. We conclude that NSCLC tumors divide into CD117(low) and CD117(high). Overexpression of CD117 in CD117(high) NSCLC supports exploring KIT as a therapeutic target in this subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert D. Donnenberg
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VSD); (ADD)
| | - Ludovic Zimmerlin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rodney J. Landreneau
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James D. Luketich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vera S. Donnenberg
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VSD); (ADD)
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40
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Normolle DP, Donnenberg VS, Donnenberg AD. Statistical classification of multivariate flow cytometry data analyzed by manual gating: stem, progenitor, and epithelial marker expression in nonsmall cell lung cancer and normal lung. Cytometry A 2012; 83:150-60. [PMID: 23239514 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The use of supervised classification to extract markers from primary flow cytometry data is an emerging field that has made significant progress, spurred by the growing complexity of multidimensional flow cytometry. Whether the markers are extracted without supervision or by conventional gate and region methods, the number of candidate variables identified is typically larger than the number of specimens (p > n) and many variables are highly intercorrelated. Thus, comparison across groups or treatments to determine which markers are significant is challenging. Here, we utilized a data set in which 86 variables were created by conventional manual analysis of individual listmode data files, and compared the application of five multivariate classification methods to discern subtle differences between the stem/progenitor content of 35 nonsmall cell lung cancer and adjacent normal lung specimens. The methods compared include elastic-net, lasso, random forest, diagonal linear discriminant analysis, and best single variable (best-1). We described a broadly applicable methodology consisting of: 1) variable transformation and standardization; 2) visualization and assessment of correlation between variables; 3) selection of significant variables and modeling; and 4) characterization of the quality and stability of the model. The analysis yielded both validating results (tumors are aneuploid and have higher light scatter properties than normal lung), as well as leads that require followup: Cytokeratin+ CD133+ progenitors are present in normal lung but reduced in lung cancer; diploid (or pseudo-diploid) CD117+CD44+ cells are more prevalent in tumor. We anticipate that the methods described here will be broadly applicable to a variety of multidimensional cytometry problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Normolle
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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41
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Lobba ARM, Forni MF, Carreira ACO, Sogayar MC. Differential expression of CD90 and CD14 stem cell markers in malignant breast cancer cell lines. Cytometry A 2012; 81:1084-91. [PMID: 23090904 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The recently emerged concept of cancer stem cell (CSC) has led to a new hypothesis on the basis for tumor progression. Basically, the CSC theory hypothesizes the presence of a hierarchically organized and relatively rare cell population, which is responsible for tumor initiation, self-renewal, and maintenance, in addition to accumulation of mutation and resistance to chemotherapy. CSCs have recently been described in breast cancer. Different genetic markers have been used to isolate breast CSCs, none of which have been correlated with the tumorigenicity or metastatic potential of the cells, limiting their precise characterization and clinical application in the development of therapeutic protocols. Here, we sought for subpopulations of CSCs by analyzing 10 judiciously chosen stem cell markers in a normal breast cell line (MCF10-A) and in four human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, and Hs578-T) displaying different degrees of metastatic and invasiveness potential. We were able to identify two markers, which are differentially expressed in nontumorigenic versus tumor cells. The CD90 marker was highly expressed in the malignant cell lines. Interestingly, the CD14 molecule displayed higher expression levels in the nontumorigenic cell line. Therefore, we demonstrated that these two markers, which are more commonly used to isolate and characterize stem cells, are differentially expressed in breast tumor cells, when compared with nontumorigenic breast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R M Lobba
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL), University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
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42
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Donnenberg AD, Hicks JB, Wigler M, Donnenberg VS. The cancer stem cell: cell type or cell state? Cytometry A 2012; 83:5-7. [PMID: 23081699 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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43
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Ribeiro R, Monteiro C, Silvestre R, Castela A, Coutinho H, Fraga A, Príncipe P, Lobato C, Costa C, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Lopes JM, Lopes C, Medeiros R. Human periprostatic white adipose tissue is rich in stromal progenitor cells and a potential source of prostate tumor stroma. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:1155-62. [PMID: 23038706 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.012131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A body of growing evidence now implicates white adipose tissue as a relevant source of stromal progenitor cells recruited to the tumor microenvironment to form supportive tumor stroma. While the role of periprostatic (PP) adipose tissue in prostate cancer progression has been barely appreciated, we sought to determine the progenitor cell population in PP adipose tissue and the association with prostate cancer. We isolated and characterized CD31(-)CD34(+)CD45(-)CD146(-) progenitor cells (adipose-derived stem cells [ASC]) in paired samples of PP and preperitoneal visceral adipose tissue from prostate tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of prostate cancer and nodular prostatic hyperplasia patients. ASC were quantified by flow cytometry and confirmed through target gene expression. Here we show a significantly higher amount of ASC in PP than in visceral adipose tissue, independent of body mass index and prostatic disease. In the prostate, ASC are increased in cancer compared with prostatic nodular hyperplasia patients. Concordantly, adipsin gene (CFD) expression, which is known to be up-regulated in adipose stem cells, was overexpressed in PP adipose tissue, in the prostate of cancer patients and in prostate CD31(-)CD34(+)CD45(-)CD146(-) sorted cells. ASC were found at higher levels in the blood of prostate cancer patients simultaneously overweight/obese. Present findings indicate that PP adipose tissue is a reservoir of progenitor cells with the potential to migrate towards prostate tumors, although its clinical significance merits further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ribeiro
- Molecular Oncology Group-CI, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, Porto, Portugal
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Leccia F, Nardone A, Corvigno S, Vecchio LD, De Placido S, Salvatore F, Veneziani BM. Cytometric and biochemical characterization of human breast cancer cells reveals heterogeneous myoepithelial phenotypes. Cytometry A 2012; 81:960-72. [PMID: 22791584 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether cell cultures maintain the cellular heterogeneity of primary tissues and may therefore be used for in vitro modeling of breast cancer subtypes, we evaluated the expression of a cell surface marker panel in breast cancer cell cultures derived from various subtypes of human breast carcinoma. We used a four-color flow cytometry strategy to immunophenotype seven human breast cancer cell cultures and four reference breast cancer cell lines. We analyzed 28 surface markers selected based on their potential to distinguish epithelial or mesenchymal lineage, to identify stem cell populations, and to mediate cell adhesion and migration. We determined their ability to form mammospheres and analyzed luminal cytokeratins CK18, CK19, and myoepithelial/basal CK5, SMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin), and vimentin expression by western blot. All cell surface markers showed a unimodal profile. Ten/28 markers were homogenously expressed. Four (CD66b, CD66c, CD165, CD324) displayed negative/low expression. Six (CD29, CD55, CD59, CD81, CD151, CD166) displayed homogenous high expression. Eighteen (CD9, CD10, CD24, CD26, CD44, CD47, CD49b, CD49f, CD54, CD61, CD90, CD105, CD133, CD164, CD184, CD200, CD227, CD326) were heterogeneously expressed. Spearman's rank test demonstrated a significant correlation (p< 0.001) between mesenchymal phenotype and breast cancer cell cultures. Breast cancer cell cultures, all CD44+, displayed concomitant high expression of only three antigens (CD10, CD54, CD90), and low expression of CD326; cell cultures formed mammospheres and expressed CK5, SMA and vimentin, and were weakly CK19-positive. We demonstrate that breast cancer cell cultures preserve inter-tumor heterogeneity and express stem/progenitor markers that can be identified, quantified and categorized by flow cytometry. Therefore, cell cultures can be used for in vitro modeling of breast cancer subtypes; immunophenotyping may mirror breast cancer heterogeneity and reveal molecular characteristics of individual tumors useful for testing target therapy.
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Greve B, Kelsch R, Spaniol K, Eich HT, Götte M. Flow cytometry in cancer stem cell analysis and separation. Cytometry A 2012; 81:284-93. [PMID: 22311742 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a special type of cancer cell--the cancer stem cell (CSC)--has been identified and characterized for different tumors. CSCs may be responsible for the recurrence of a tumor following a primarily successful therapy and are thought to bear a high metastatic potential. For the development of efficient treatment strategies, the establishment of reliable methods for the identification and effective isolation of CSCs is imperative. Similar to their stem cell counterparts in bone marrow or small intestine, different cluster of differentiation surface antigens have been characterized, thus enabling researchers to identify them within the tumor bulk and to determine their degree of differentiation. In addition, functional properties characteristic of stem cells can be measured. Side population analysis is based on the stem cell-specific activity of certain ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins, which are able to transport fluorescent dyes out of the cells. Furthermore, the stem cell-specific presence of aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform 1 can be used for CSC labeling. However, the flow cytometric analysis of these CSC functional features requires specific technical adjustments. This review focuses on the principles and strategies of the flow cytometric analysis of CSCs and provides an overview of current protocols as well as technical requirements and pitfalls. A special focus is set on side population analysis and analysis of ALDH activity. Flow cytometry-based sorting principles and future flow cytometric applications for CSC analysis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Adipose tissue-derived stem cell-seeded small intestinal submucosa for tunica albuginea grafting and reconstruction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:2090-5. [PMID: 22308363 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1113810109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) has been widely used in tunica albuginea (TA) reconstructive surgery. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can repair damaged tissue, augment cellular differentiation, and stimulate release of multiple growth factors. The aim of this rat study was to assess the feasibility of seeding ADSCs onto SIS grafts for TA reconstruction. Here, we demonstrate that seeding syngeneic ADSCs onto SIS grafts (SIS-ADSC) resulted in significant cavernosal tissue preservation and maintained erectile responses, similar to controls, in a rat model of bilateral incision of TA, compared with sham-operated animals and rats grafted with SIS graft (SIS) alone. In addition to increased TGF-β1 and FGF-2 expression levels, cross-sectional studies of the rat penis with SIS and SIS-ADSC revealed mild to moderate fibrosis and an increase of 30% and 40% in mean diameter in flaccid and erectile states, respectively. SIS grafting induced transcriptional up-regulation of iNOS and down-regulation of endothelial NOS, neuronal NOS, and VEGF, an effect that was restored by seeding ADCSs on the SIS graft. Taken together, these data show that rats undergoing TA incision with autologous SIS-ADSC grafts maintained better erectile function compared with animals grafted with SIS alone. This study suggests that SIS-ADSC grafting can be successfully used for TA reconstruction procedures and can restore erectile function.
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Marsden CG, Wright MJ, Carrier L, Moroz K, Pochampally R, Rowan BG. "A novel in vivo model for the study of human breast cancer metastasis using primary breast tumor-initiating cells from patient biopsies". BMC Cancer 2012; 12:10. [PMID: 22233382 PMCID: PMC3277457 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study of breast cancer metastasis depends on the use of established breast cancer cell lines that do not accurately represent the heterogeneity and complexity of human breast tumors. A tumor model was developed using primary breast tumor-initiating cells isolated from patient core biopsies that would more accurately reflect human breast cancer metastasis. Methods Tumorspheres were isolated under serum-free culture conditions from core biopsies collected from five patients with clinical diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Isolated tumorspheres were transplanted into the mammary fat pad of NUDE mice to establish tumorigenicity in vivo. Tumors and metastatic lesions were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H+E) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results Tumorspheres were successfully isolated from all patient core biopsies, independent of the estrogen receptor α (ERα)/progesterone receptor (PR)/Her2/neu status or tumor grade. Each tumorsphere was estimated to contain 50-100 cells. Transplantation of 50 tumorspheres (1-5 × 103 cells) in combination with Matrigel into the mammary fat pad of NUDE mice resulted in small, palpable tumors that were sustained up to 12 months post-injection. Tumors were serially transplanted three times by re-isolation of tumorspheres from the tumors and injection into the mammary fat pad of NUDE mice. At 3 months post-injection, micrometastases to the lung, liver, kidneys, brain and femur were detected by measuring content of human chromosome 17. Visible macrometastases were detected in the lung, liver and kidneys by 6 months post-injection. Primary tumors variably expressed cytokeratins, Her2/neu, cytoplasmic E-cadherin, nuclear β catenin and fibronectin but were negative for ERα and vimentin. In lung and liver metastases, variable redistribution of E-cadherin and β catenin to the membrane of tumor cells was observed. ERα was re-expressed in lung metastatic cells in two of five samples. Conclusions Tumorspheres isolated under defined culture conditions from patient core biopsies were tumorigenic when transplanted into the mammary fat pad of NUDE mice, and metastasized to multiple mouse organs. Micrometastases in mouse organs demonstrated a dormancy period prior to outgrowth of macrometastases. The development of macrometastases with organ-specific phenotypic distinctions provides a superior model for the investigation of organ-specific effects on metastatic cancer cell survival and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn G Marsden
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Basal-like breast cancer stem cells are sensitive to anti-DR5 mediated cytotoxicity. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 133:437-45. [PMID: 21915634 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BrCSC) are resistant to common therapeutic modalities including chemotherapy, radiation, and hormonal agents. They are thought to contribute to treatment resistance, relapse, and metastases. This study examines the effect of a monoclonal anti-DR5 antibody (TRA-8) and chemotherapy (adriamycin, taxol) on BrCSC populations from basal-like breast cancer cell lines. Doubly enriched BrCSC (CD44(+), CD24(-), ALDH(+)) cells were exposed to TRA-8 and control reagents and examined for cytotoxicity, caspase activation, tumorsphere formation and tumorigenicity. Doubly enriched BrCSC populations expressed cell surface DR5 and were sensitive to TRA-8 mediated cytotoxicity with induction of caspase 8 and 3 activation. TRA-8 at sub-nanomolar concentrations inhibited 2LMP and SUM159 BrCSC tumorsphere formation and was more than 50-fold more inhibitory than TRAIL or anti-DR4 at equimolar concentrations. Chemotherapy treatment of 2LMP and SUM159 cell lines resulted in a relative increase of BrCSC, whereas TRA-8 produced a decrease in the percentage of BrCSC. TRA-8 exposure to 2LMP and SUM159 BrCSC preparations produced significant inhibition of tumorigenicity. DR5 maybe a therapeutic target on the surface of basal-like BrCSC which is amenable to agonistic monoclonal anti-DR5 therapy.
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Donnenberg AD, Donnenberg VS, Griffin DL, Moore LR, Tekinturhan F, Kormos RL. Intra-operative preparation of autologous bone marrow-derived CD34-enriched cellular products for cardiac therapy. Cytotherapy 2011; 13:441-8. [PMID: 21062114 PMCID: PMC4165076 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2010.529888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS With the advent of regenerative therapy, there is renewed interest in the use of bone marrow as a source of adult stem and progenitor cells, including cell subsets prepared by immunomagnetic selection. Cell selection must be rapid, efficient and performed according to current good manufacturing practices. In this report we present a methodology for intra-operative preparation of CD34(+) selected autologous bone marrow for autologous use in patients receiving coronary artery bypass grafts or left ventricular assist devices. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed a rapid erythrocyte depletion method using hydroxyethyl starch and low-speed centrifugation to prepare large-scale (mean 359 mL) bone marrow aspirates for separation on a Baxter Isolex 300i immunomagnetic cell separation device. CD34 recovery after erythrocyte depletion was 68.3 ± 20.2%, with an average depletion of 91.2 ± 2.8% and an average CD34 content of 0.58 ± 0.27%. After separation, CD34 purity was 64.1 ± 17.2%, with 44.3 ± 26.1% recovery and an average dose of 5.0 ± 2.7 × 10(6) CD34(+) cells/product. In uncomplicated cases CD34-enriched cellular products could be accessioned, prepared, tested for release and administered within 6 h. Further analysis of CD34(+) bone marrow cells revealed a significant proportion of CD45(-) CD34(+) cells. CONCLUSIONS Intra-operative immunomagnetic separation of CD34-enriched bone marrow is feasible using rapid low-speed Hetastarch sedimentation for erythrocyte depletion. The resulting CD34-enriched product contains CD45(-) cells that may represent non-hematopoietic or very early hematopoietic stem cells that participate in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert D Donnenberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Donnenberg VS, Zimmerlin L, Rubin JP, Donnenberg AD. Regenerative therapy after cancer: what are the risks? TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 16:567-75. [PMID: 20726819 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2010.0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is often a pressing need for reconstruction after cancer surgery. Regenerative therapy holds the promise of more natural and esthetic functional tissue. In the case of breast reconstruction postmastectomy, volume retention problems associated with autologous fat transfer could be ameliorated by augmentation with cells capable mediating rapid vascularization of the graft. Intentional placement of regenerating tissue at the site of tumor resection raises questions concerning the possibility of promoting cancer recurrence. Here we review coculture and animal models of tumor/mesenchymal stem cell interactions under regenerating conditions. Available evidence from case reports, cell lines, and clinical isolates favors the interpretation that regenerating tissue promotes the growth of active, high-grade tumor. In contrast, dormant cancer cells do not appear to be activated by the complex signals accompanying wound healing and tissue regeneration, suggesting that engineered tissue reconstruction should be deferred until cancer remission has been firmly established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S Donnenberg
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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