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Chatterjee G, Gujral S, Subramanian PG, Tembhare PR. Clinical Relevance of Multicolour Flow Cytometry in Plasma Cell Disorders. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2017; 33:303-315. [PMID: 28824230 PMCID: PMC5544653 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-017-0822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicolor flow cytometric (MFC) immunophenotyping is one of the basic test that is needed in the evaluation of hematolymphoid malignancies. Previously, there has been some reluctance in the use of MFC in plasma cell disorders (PCD). It was mainly due tolack of standardization, inadequate experience and detection of the lower number of plasma cells by MFC as compared to morphology. However, MFC has gone through many technological advancements in the last few years and a wide variety of reagents are now commercially available which worldwide allowed the establishment of standardized sensitive MFC-based immunophenotypic assay for PCD. Various studies have proven that MFC has a high clinical relevance in the diagnosis and risk stratification of multiple myeloma, its precursor conditions and other PCDs. Moreover, recent studies have shown that MFC is a highly sensitive and reliable technique for the monitoring of clinical response in the era of novel therapies. In this review, we have discussed the various applications of MFC in the management of PCD and their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Chatterjee
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Room 17-18, CCE Building, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210 Maharashtra India
| | - Sumeet Gujral
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Room 17-18, CCE Building, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210 Maharashtra India
| | - Papagudi G. Subramanian
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Room 17-18, CCE Building, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210 Maharashtra India
| | - Prashant R. Tembhare
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Room 17-18, CCE Building, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210 Maharashtra India
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Basso-Ricci L, Scala S, Milani R, Migliavacca M, Rovelli A, Bernardo ME, Ciceri F, Aiuti A, Biasco L. Multiparametric Whole Blood Dissection: A one-shot comprehensive picture of the human hematopoietic system. Cytometry A 2017; 91:952-965. [PMID: 28609016 PMCID: PMC5697613 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human hematopoiesis is a complex and dynamic system where morphologically and functionally diverse mature cell types are generated and maintained throughout life by bone marrow (BM) Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells (HSPC). Congenital and acquired hematopoietic disorders are often diagnosed through the detection of aberrant frequency or composition of hematopoietic cell populations. We here describe a novel protocol, called “Whole Blood Dissection” (WBD), capable of analyzing in a single test‐tube, hematopoietic progenitors and all major mature cell lineages composing either BM or peripheral blood (PB) through a multiparametric flow‐cytometry analysis. WBD allows unambiguously identifying in the same tube up to 23 different blood cell types including HSPC subtypes and all the major myeloid and lymphoid lineage compartments at different stages of maturation, through a combination of 17 surface and 1 viability cell markers. We assessed the efficacy of WBD by analyzing BM and PB samples from adult (n = 8) and pediatric (n = 9) healthy donors highlighting age‐related shift in cell composition. We also tested the capability of WBD on detecting aberrant hematopoietic cell composition in clinical samples of patients with primary immunodeficiency or leukemia unveiling expected and novel hematopoietic unbalances. Overall, WBD allows unambiguously identifying >99% of the cell subpopulations composing a blood sample in a reproducible, standardized, cost‐, and time‐efficient manner. This tool has a wide range of potential pre‐clinical and clinical applications going from the characterization of hematopoietic disorders to the monitoring of hematopoietic reconstitution in patients after transplant or gene therapy. © 2017 The Authors. Cytometry Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of ISAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Basso-Ricci
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Serena Scala
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Raffaella Milani
- Cytometry Laboratory, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Migliavacca
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy.,San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Attilio Rovelli
- BMT Unit, Pediatric Department, Milano-Bicocca University, MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy.,San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy.,San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Milan, Italy.,Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Biasco
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
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Tembhare PR, Ghogale S, Ghatwai N, Badrinath Y, Kunder N, Patkar NV, Bibi AR, Chatterjee G, Arora B, Narula G, Banawali S, Deshpande N, Amare P, Gujral S, Subramanian PG. Evaluation of new markers for minimal residual disease monitoring in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: CD73 and CD86 are the most relevant new markers to increase the efficacy of MRD 2016; 00B: 000-000. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2016; 94:100-111. [PMID: 27718302 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) is a popular technique for minimal residual disease (MRD) analysis. However, its applicability is still limited to 90% of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCPALL) due to two major issues, i.e. a proportion of cases do not express adequate leukemia associated immunophenotype (LAIPs) with currently used markers and drug-induced antigen modulation. Hence, the incorporation of additional reliable markers is required for the further improvement of MFC-based MRD evaluation. We studied the utility of new markers in improvising MFC-based MRD detection in BCPALL. METHODS Expression-patterns of six new markers, i.e. CD24, CD44, CD72, CD73, CD86, and CD200 were studied in leukemic-blasts from ninety childhood BCPALL patients and in hematogones from 20 uninvolved staging bone marrow (BM) and ten postinduction non-BCPALL BM samples using eight-color MFC. The utility of these new markers in the day 35 postinduction MRD evaluation was determined. RESULTS Frequencies of LAIPs of CD73, CD86, CD72, CD44, CD200, and CD24 in diagnostic samples were 76.7, 56.7, 55.6, 50, 28.9, and 20%, respectively. Differential expression of all new markers was highly significant (P < 0.01) between early (CD10+ CD19+ CD34+) hematogones, late (CD10+ CD19+ CD34-) hematogones and BCPALL blasts except between early hematogones and BCPALL blasts for CD200 (P = 0.1). In MRD-positive samples, CD73 showed the maximum (83%) frequency of LAIP and CD86 showed the highest (100%) stability of aberrant expression. Inclusion of CD73 and CD86 increased the applicability of MFC-MRD assay to 98.9% MRD samples. CONCLUSION CD73 and CD86 are the most relevant markers to incorporate in the routine MRD evaluation of BCPALL. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant R Tembhare
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Sitaram Ghogale
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Nisha Ghatwai
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Yajamanam Badrinath
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Nikesh Kunder
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Nikhil V Patkar
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Asma R Bibi
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Chatterjee
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Brijesh Arora
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Center, Main Building, Ground floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Narula
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Center, Main Building, Ground floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Shripad Banawali
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Center, Main Building, Ground floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Nilesh Deshpande
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Prathibha Amare
- Department of Cancer Cytogenetics, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbaim, Room 726, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Sumeet Gujral
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Papagudi G Subramanian
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
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Current Strategies for the Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2016; 8:e2016024. [PMID: 27158437 PMCID: PMC4848021 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2016.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children. Current treatment strategies for childhood ALL result in long-term remission for approximately 90% of patients. However, the therapeutic response is worse among those who relapse. Several risk stratification approaches based on clinical and biological aspects have been proposed to intensify treatment in patients with high risk of relapse and reduce toxicity on those with a greater probability of cure. The detection of residual leukemic cells (minimal residual disease, MRD) is the most important prognostic factor to identify high-risk patients, allowing redefinition of chemotherapy. In the last decades, several standardized research protocols evaluated MRD using immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and/or real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction at different time points during treatment. Both methods are highly sensitive (10−3 a 10−5), but expensive, complex, and, because of that, require qualified staff and frequently are restricted to reference centers. The aim of this article was to review technical aspects of immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to evaluate MRD in ALL.
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DiGiuseppe JA, Tadmor MD, Pe’er D. Detection of minimal residual disease in B lymphoblastic leukemia using viSNE. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2015; 88:294-304. [PMID: 25974871 PMCID: PMC5981136 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimal residual disease (MRD) following treatment is a robust prognostic marker in B lymphoblastic leukemia. However, the detection of MRD by flow cytometric immunophenotyping is technically challenging, and an automated method to detect MRD is therefore desirable. viSNE, a recently developed computational tool based on the t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) algorithm, has been shown to be capable of detecting synthetic "MRD-like" populations of leukemic cells created in vitro, but whether viSNE can facilitate the immunophenotypic detection of MRD in clinical samples has not been evaluated. METHODS We applied viSNE retrospectively to 8-color flow cytometric immunophenotyping data from normal bone marrow samples, and samples from B lymphoblastic leukemia patients with or without suspected MRD on the basis of conventional manual gating. RESULTS In each of 14 bone marrow specimens containing MRD or suspected MRD, viSNE identified a putative MRD population; an abnormal composite immunophenotype was confirmed for the putative MRD in each case. MRD populations were not identified by viSNE in control bone marrow samples from patients with increased normal B-cell precursors, or in post-treatment samples from B lymphoblastic leukemia patients who did not have detectable MRD by manual gating. CONCLUSION viSNE shows promise as an automated method to facilitate immunophenotypic MRD detection in patients treated for B lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. DiGiuseppe
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Michelle D. Tadmor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Dana Pe’er
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Salari F, Shahjahani M, Shahrabi S, Saki N. Minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: optimal methods and clinical relevance, pitfalls and recent approaches. Med Oncol 2014; 31:266. [PMID: 25287907 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
After advances in experimental and clinical testing, minimal residual disease (MRD) assay results are considered a determining factor in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. According to MRD assay results, bone marrow (BM) leukemic burden and the rate of its decline after treatment can be directly evaluated. Detailed knowledge of the leukemic burden in BM can minimize toxicity and treatment complications in patients by tailoring the therapeutic dose based on patients' conditions. In addition, reduction of MRD before allo-HSCT is an important prerequisite for reception of transplant by the patient. In direct examination of MRD by morphological methods (even by a professional hematologist), leukemic cells can be under- or over-estimated due to similarity with hematopoietic precursor cells. As a result, considering the importance of MRD, it is necessary to use other methods including flow cytometry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and RQ-PCR to detect MRD. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of accuracy and sensitivity. In this review article, different MRD assay methods and their sensitivity, correlation of MRD assay results with clinical symptoms of the patient as well as pitfalls in results of these methods are evaluated. In the final section, recent advances in MRD have been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Salari
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Izraeli S, Shochat C, Tal N, Geron I. Towards precision medicine in childhood leukemia--insights from mutationally activated cytokine receptor pathways in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Lett 2014; 352:15-20. [PMID: 24569093 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The successful therapy of childhood leukemia has been characterized by careful personalized adaptation of therapy by risk stratification. Yet almost all drugs are relatively non-specific. To achieve greater precision in therapy, druggable targets and specific targeting drugs are necessary. Here we review the recent discoveries of cytokine receptors and their signaling components in high risk leukemias and the potential approaches to target them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Izraeli
- Childhood Leukemia Research Section, Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Molecular Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
| | - Chen Shochat
- Childhood Leukemia Research Section, Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Molecular Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel; Migal Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel
| | - Noa Tal
- Childhood Leukemia Research Section, Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Molecular Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Ifat Geron
- Childhood Leukemia Research Section, Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Molecular Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel; Division of Biological Sciences and Department of Medicine Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Campana D, Coustan-Smith E. Measurements of treatment response in childhood acute leukemia. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY 2012; 47:245-54. [PMID: 23320002 PMCID: PMC3538795 DOI: 10.5045/kjh.2012.47.4.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Measuring response to chemotherapy is a backbone of the clinical management of patients with acute leukemia. This task has historically relied on the ability to identify leukemic cells among normal bone marrow cells by their morphology. However, more accurate ways to identify leukemic cells have been developed, which allow their detection even when they are present in small numbers that would be impossible to be recognized by microscopic inspection. The levels of such minimal residual disease (MRD) are now widely used as parameters for risk assignment in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and increasingly so in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, different MRD monitoring methods may produce discrepant results. Moreover, results of morphologic examination may be in stark contradiction to MRD measurements, thus creating confusion and complicating treatment decisions. This review focusses on the relation between results of different approaches to measure response to treatment and define relapse in childhood acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Campana
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Campana D. Should minimal residual disease monitoring in acute lymphoblastic leukemia be standard of care? Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2012; 7:170-7. [PMID: 22373809 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-012-0115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the advent of methods to measure disease not detectable by morphology, ie, minimal residual disease (MRD), has set a new standard to define remission. The clinical importance of MRD has been demonstrated by numerous studies using either flow cytometry or polymerase chain reaction and involving thousands of patients. Results are in remarkable agreement on the association between MRD persistence and risk of subsequent relapse, regardless of the MRD detection method used. More recent data indicate that MRD can also be informative in specific subgroups of ALL patients, such as infants or those with T-lineage ALL. Hence, MRD is now being used in clinical trials to inform treatment decisions and guide patients' clinical management. This article reviews MRD methodologies and clinical applications with emphasis on recently reported technical advances and prognostic associations, and the practical issues related to the implementation of MRD monitoring in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Campana
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Meleshko AN, Savva NN, Fedasenka UU, Romancova AS, Krasko OV, Eckert C, von Stackelberg A, Aleinikova OV. Prognostic value of MRD-dynamics in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated according to the MB-2002/2008 protocols. Leuk Res 2011; 35:1312-20. [PMID: 21596436 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) during the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by RQ-PCR analysis of clonal Ig/TCR rearrangements is used for risk group stratification in European treatment protocols. In Belarus patients with childhood ALL are treated according to ALL-MB protocols, which do not use MRD-based risk stratification. To evaluate the prognostic significance of MRD for ALL-MB-2002/2008 protocols, MRD was quantified by RQ-PCR in 68 ALL patients at four time points: on day 15, on day 36, before and after maintenance therapy (MT). MRD positivity, as well as quantitative level of MRD were analyzed and compared between patients who stayed in remission and relapsed. Relapse-free survival revealed to be significantly associated with MRD levels at different time points. Unfavorable prognosis was shown for MRD≥10(-3) on day 36 (p<0.001), and any positive MRD before (p<0.001) and after (p=0.001) MT. Multivariate Cox regression analysis proved MRD as independent significant prognosis factor at day 36 (p=0.005) and before MT (p=0.001). We conclude, that MRD quantified by RQ-PCR in children with ALL treated with ALL-MB protocols is feasible and independently associated with outcome. MRD may be a suitable parameter for treatment stratification in MB protocols in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Meleshko
- Belarusian Research Centre for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Pos. Lesnoe, Minsk 223040, Belarus.
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Ash S, Luria D, Cohen IJ, Goshen Y, Toledano H, Issakov J, Yaniv I, Avigad S. Excellent Prognosis in a Subset of Patients with Ewing Sarcoma Identified at Diagnosis by CD56 Using Flow Cytometry. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:2900-7. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-3069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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