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Estrada-Pérez AR, García-Vázquez JB, Mendoza-Figueroa HL, Rosales-Hernández MC, Fernández-Pomares C, Correa-Basurto J. Untargeted LC-MS/MS Metabolomics Study of HO-AAVPA and VPA on Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14543. [PMID: 37833990 PMCID: PMC10572250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the biggest health problems worldwide, characterized by intricate metabolic and biochemical complexities stemming from pronounced variations across dysregulated molecular pathways. If BC is not diagnosed early, complications may lead to death. Thus, the pursuit of novel therapeutic avenues persists, notably focusing on epigenetic pathways such as histone deacetylases (HDACs). The compound N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (HO-AAVPA), a derivative of valproic acid (VPA), has emerged as a promising candidate warranting pre-clinical investigation. HO-AAVPA is an HDAC inhibitor with antiproliferative effects on BC, but its molecular mechanism has yet to be deciphered. Furthermore, in the present study, we determined the metabolomic effects of HO-AAVPA and VPA on cells of luminal breast cancer (MCF-7) and triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) subtypes. The LC-MS untargeted metabolomic study allowed for the simultaneous measurement of multiple metabolites and pathways, identifying that both compounds affect glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, suggesting that other biological targets were different from HDACs. In addition, there are different dysregulate metabolites, possibly due to the physicochemical differences between HO-AAVPA and VPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Rubén Estrada-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Juan Benjamín García-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Humberto L. Mendoza-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Martha Cecilia Rosales-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Cynthia Fernández-Pomares
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
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2
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Singh P. MicroRNA based combinatorial therapy against TKIs resistant CML by inactivating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway: a review. Med Oncol 2023; 40:300. [PMID: 37713129 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by presence of Philadelphia chromosome, which harbors BCR-ABL oncogene responsible for encoding BCR-ABL oncoprotein. This oncoprotein interferes with cellular signaling pathways, resulting in tumor progression. Among these pathways, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is significantly upregulated in CML. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are current standard therapy for CML, and they have shown remarkable efficacy. However, emergence of TKIs drug resistance has necessitated investigation of novel therapeutic approaches. Components of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway have emerged as attractive targets in this context, as this pathway is known to be activated in TKIs-resistant CML cells/patients. Inhibiting this pathway may provide a complementary approach to improving TKIs' efficacy and treatment outcomes. Given previous research indicating that miRNAs play an inhibitory role in cancer, current study used computational tools to identify miRNAs that specifically target pathway's core components. A comprehensive analysis was performed, resulting in identification of 111 miRNAs that potentially target PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. From this extensive list, 7 miRNAs was selected for further investigation based on their consistent downregulation across leukemia subtypes. Except for hsa-miR-199a-3p, remaining six miRNAs have been extensively studied in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Given high similarity between AML and CML, it is believed that six miRNAs which are not studied in context of CML may also be advantageous for curing chemoresistance in CML. Building upon this knowledge, it is reasonable to speculate that a combination therapy approach involving use of miRNAs alongside TKIs may offer improved therapy for TKIs-resistant CML compared to TKIs monotherapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151401, Bathinda, India.
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3
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Farani MR, Sarlak M, Gholami A, Azaraian M, Binabaj MM, Kakavandi S, Tambuwala MM, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M, Ghasemi S. Epigenetic drugs as new emerging therapeutics: What is the scale's orientation of application and challenges? Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154688. [PMID: 37494800 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression or function without altering the DNA sequence. Important factors are part of epigenetic events, such as methylation, DNA histone rearrangements, nucleosome transposition, and non-coding RNAs. Dysregulated epigenetic mechanics are associated with various cancers' initiation, development, and metastasis. It is known that the occurrence and development of cancer can be controlled by regulating unexpected epigenetic events. Epi-drugs are used singly or in combination with chemotherapy and enhance antitumor activity, reduce drug resistance, and stimulate the host immune response. Despite these benefits, epigenetic therapy as a single therapy or in combination with other drugs leads to adverse effects. This review article introduces and compares the advantages, disadvantages, and side effects of using these drugs for the first time since their introduction. Also, this article describes the mechanism of action of various epigenetic drugs. Recommendations for future use of epigenetic drugs as cancer therapeutics are suggested as an overall conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sarlak
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amir Gholami
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Azaraian
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maryam Moradi Binabaj
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Sareh Kakavandi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, 0United Kingdom
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sorayya Ghasemi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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4
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Vadevoo SMP, Gunassekaran GR, Yoo JD, Kwon TH, Hur K, Chae S, Lee B. Epigenetic therapy reprograms M2-type tumor-associated macrophages into an M1-like phenotype by upregulating miR-7083-5p. Front Immunol 2022; 13:976196. [PMID: 36483544 PMCID: PMC9724234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.976196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming M2-type, pro-tumoral tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into M1-type, anti-tumoral macrophages is a key strategy in cancer therapy. In this study, we exploited epigenetic therapy using the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) and the histone deacetylation inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), to reprogram M2-type macrophages into an M1-like phenotype. Treatment of M2-type macrophages with the combination of 5-aza-dC and TSA decreased the levels of M2 macrophage cytokines while increasing those of M1 macrophage cytokines, as compared to the use of either therapy alone. Conditioned medium of M2 macrophages treated with the combination of 5-aza-dC and TSA sensitized the tumor cells to paclitaxel. Moreover, treatment with the combination inhibited tumor growth and improved anti-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Depletion of macrophages reduced the anti-tumor growth activity of the combination therapy. Profiling of miRNAs revealed that the expression of miR-7083-5p was remarkably upregulated in M2 macrophages, following treatment with 5-aza-dC and TSA. Transfection of miR-7083-5p reprogrammed the M2-type macrophages towards an M1-like phenotype, and adoptive transfer of M2 macrophages pre-treated with miR-7083-5p into mice inhibited tumor growth. miR-7083-5p inhibited the expression of colony-stimulating factor 2 receptor alpha and CD43 as candidate targets. These results show that epigenetic therapy upon treatment with the combination of 5-aza-dC and TSA skews M2-type TAMs towards the M1-like phenotype by upregulating miR-7083-5p, which contributes to the inhibition of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Murugan Poongkavithai Vadevoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,Cell & Matrix Research Institute (CMRI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Gowri Rangaswamy Gunassekaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,Cell & Matrix Research Institute (CMRI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae Do Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,Cell & Matrix Research Institute (CMRI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,Cell & Matrix Research Institute (CMRI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Keun Hur
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,Cell & Matrix Research Institute (CMRI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sehyun Chae
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byungheon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,Cell & Matrix Research Institute (CMRI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,*Correspondence: Byungheon Lee,
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Vajen B, Bhowmick R, Greiwe L, Schäffer V, Eilers M, Reinkens T, Stalke A, Schmidt G, Fiedler J, Thum T, DeLuca DS, Hickson ID, Schlegelberger B, Illig T, Skawran B. MicroRNA-449a Inhibits Triple Negative Breast Cancer by Disturbing DNA Repair and Chromatid Separation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095131. [PMID: 35563522 PMCID: PMC9102308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) can be a driver of tumorigenesis but is also a promising therapeutic target for cancer associated with poor prognosis such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The treatment of TNBC cells with defects in DNA repair genes with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) massively increases CIN, resulting in apoptosis. Here, we identified a previously unknown role of microRNA-449a in CIN. The transfection of TNBC cell lines HCC38, HCC1937 and HCC1395 with microRNA-449a mimics led to induced apoptosis, reduced cell proliferation, and reduced expression of genes in homology directed repair (HDR) in microarray analyses. EME1 was identified as a new target gene by immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays. The reduced expression of EME1 led to an increased frequency of ultrafine bridges, 53BP1 foci, and micronuclei. The induced expression of microRNA-449a elevated CIN beyond tolerable levels and induced apoptosis in TNBC cell lines by two different mechanisms: (I) promoting chromatid mis-segregation by targeting endonuclease EME1 and (II) inhibiting HDR by downregulating key players of the HDR network such as E2F3, BIRC5, BRCA2 and RAD51. The ectopic expression of microRNA-449a enhanced the toxic effect of PARPi in cells with pathogenic germline BRCA1 variants. The newly identified role makes microRNA-449a an interesting therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Vajen
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30629 Hannover, Germany; (L.G.); (V.S.); (M.E.); (T.R.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (B.S.); (T.I.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-5328-0831
| | - Rahul Bhowmick
- Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.B.); (I.D.H.)
| | - Luisa Greiwe
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30629 Hannover, Germany; (L.G.); (V.S.); (M.E.); (T.R.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (B.S.); (T.I.); (B.S.)
| | - Vera Schäffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30629 Hannover, Germany; (L.G.); (V.S.); (M.E.); (T.R.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (B.S.); (T.I.); (B.S.)
| | - Marlies Eilers
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30629 Hannover, Germany; (L.G.); (V.S.); (M.E.); (T.R.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (B.S.); (T.I.); (B.S.)
| | - Thea Reinkens
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30629 Hannover, Germany; (L.G.); (V.S.); (M.E.); (T.R.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (B.S.); (T.I.); (B.S.)
| | - Amelie Stalke
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30629 Hannover, Germany; (L.G.); (V.S.); (M.E.); (T.R.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (B.S.); (T.I.); (B.S.)
| | - Gunnar Schmidt
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30629 Hannover, Germany; (L.G.); (V.S.); (M.E.); (T.R.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (B.S.); (T.I.); (B.S.)
| | - Jan Fiedler
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30629 Hannover, Germany; (J.F.); (T.T.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30629 Hannover, Germany; (J.F.); (T.T.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30629 Hannover, Germany
| | - David S. DeLuca
- German Center for Lung Research (BREATH), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30629 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Ian D. Hickson
- Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.B.); (I.D.H.)
| | - Brigitte Schlegelberger
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30629 Hannover, Germany; (L.G.); (V.S.); (M.E.); (T.R.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (B.S.); (T.I.); (B.S.)
| | - Thomas Illig
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30629 Hannover, Germany; (L.G.); (V.S.); (M.E.); (T.R.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (B.S.); (T.I.); (B.S.)
| | - Britta Skawran
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30629 Hannover, Germany; (L.G.); (V.S.); (M.E.); (T.R.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (B.S.); (T.I.); (B.S.)
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6
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M JR, Ramalingam PS, Mathavan S, B.R.D. Yamajala R, Moparthi NR, Kurappalli RK, Manyam RR. Synthesis, in vitro and structural aspects of cap substituted Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid analogs as potential inducers of apoptosis in Glioblastoma cancer cells via HDAC /microRNA regulation. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 357:109876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Maslyonkina KS, Konyukova AK, Alexeeva DY, Sinelnikov MY, Mikhaleva LM. Barrett's esophagus: The pathomorphological and molecular genetic keystones of neoplastic progression. Cancer Med 2022; 11:447-478. [PMID: 34870375 PMCID: PMC8729054 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus is a widespread chronically progressing disease of heterogeneous nature. A life threatening complication of this condition is neoplastic transformation, which is often overlooked due to lack of standardized approaches in diagnosis, preventative measures and treatment. In this essay, we aim to stratify existing data to show specific associations between neoplastic transformation and the underlying processes which predate cancerous transition. We discuss pathomorphological, genetic, epigenetic, molecular and immunohistochemical methods related to neoplasia detection on the basis of Barrett's esophagus. Our review sheds light on pathways of such neoplastic progression in the distal esophagus, providing valuable insight into progression assessment, preventative targets and treatment modalities. Our results suggest that molecular, genetic and epigenetic alterations in the esophagus arise earlier than cancerous transformation, meaning the discussed targets can help form preventative strategies in at-risk patient groups.
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8
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Vajen B, Greiwe L, Schäffer V, Eilers M, Huge N, Stalke A, Schlegelberger B, Illig T, Skawran B. MicroRNA-192-5p inhibits migration of triple negative breast cancer cells and directly regulates Rho GTPase activating protein 19. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2021; 60:733-742. [PMID: 34296808 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the different breast cancer subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with a poor prognosis, low survival rates, and high expression of histone deacetylases. Treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) leads to an increased expression of potential tumor-suppressive miRNAs. Characterization of these miRNAs can help to find new molecular targets for treatment of TNBC. We identified differentially expressed miRNAs by microarray analyses after treatment with TSA in the TNBC cell lines HCC38, HCC1395, and HCC1935. The gene locus of hsa-miRNA-192-5p (miR-192) and hsa-miR-194-2 (miR-194-2) with its host gene, long noncoding RNA miR-194-2HG, has been linked to inhibition of migration in different tumor types. Therefore, we examined tumor-relevant functional effects using WST-1-based proliferation, capsase-3/7-based apoptosis, and trans-well migration assays after transfection with miRNA mimics or specific siRNAs. We demonstrated the tumor-suppressive capacity of miR-192 in TNBC cells, which was exerted through inhibition of proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and reduction of migration. Gene expression and bioinformatics analyses of TNBC cell lines transfected with miR-192 mimics, identified a number of genes involved in migration including the Rho GTPase Activating Protein ARHGAP19. Through RNA immunoprecipitation we demonstrated the direct binding of miR-192 and ARHGAP19. Downregulation of ARHGAP19 expression by either miR-192 or siRNA inhibited migration of TNBC cells significantly. Our findings demonstrate that overexpression of epigenetically deregulated miR-192 decreases proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and inhibits migration of TNBC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Vajen
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luisa Greiwe
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vera Schäffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marlies Eilers
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Huge
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amelie Stalke
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Illig
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Skawran
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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9
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Ramaiah MJ, Tangutur AD, Manyam RR. Epigenetic modulation and understanding of HDAC inhibitors in cancer therapy. Life Sci 2021; 277:119504. [PMID: 33872660 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of genetic and epigenetic factors in tumor initiation and progression is well documented. Histone deacetylases (HDACs), histone methyl transferases (HMTs), and DNA methyl transferases. (DNMTs) are the main proteins that are involved in regulating the chromatin conformation. Among these, histone deacetylases (HDAC) deacetylate the histone and induce gene repression thereby leading to cancer. In contrast, histone acetyl transferases (HATs) that include GCN5, p300/CBP, PCAF, Tip 60 acetylate the histones. HDAC inhibitors are potent drug molecules that can induce acetylation of histones at lysine residues and induce open chromatin conformation at tumor suppressor gene loci and thus resulting in tumor suppression. The key processes regulated by HDAC inhibitors include cell-cycle arrest, chemo-sensitization, apoptosis induction, upregulation of tumor suppressors. Even though FDA approved drugs are confined mainly to haematological malignancies, the research on HDAC inhibitors in glioblastoma multiforme and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are providing positive results. Thus, several combinations of HDAC inhibitors along with DNA methyl transferase inhibitors and histone methyl transferase inhibitors are in clinical trials. This review focuses on how HDAC inhibitors regulate the expression of coding and non-coding genes with specific emphasis on their anti-cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Janaki Ramaiah
- Laboratory of Functional genomics and Disease Biology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Anjana Devi Tangutur
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Rajasekhar Reddy Manyam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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10
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Salek Farrokhi A, Mohammadlou M, Abdollahi M, Eslami M, Yousefi B. Histone Deacetylase Modifications by Probiotics in Colorectal Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 51:754-764. [PMID: 31808058 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that epigenetic modifications of histone (acetylation/deacetylation) participate in a critical role in cancer progression by the regulation of gene expression. Several processes could be regulated by deacetylation of histone and non-histone proteins such as apoptosis, proliferation, cell metabolism, differentiation, and DNA repair. Hence, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are employed as a hopeful group of anti-cancer drugs that could inhibit tumor cell proliferation or apoptosis. The elimination of the acetylation marks that take place as an essential epigenetic change in cancer cells is associated to HDAC expression and activity. In this regard, it has been reported that class I HDACs have a vital role in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation. OBJECTIVES: In this review, we discuss whether gut origin microorganisms could promote cancer or tumor resistance and explain mechanisms of these processes. CONCLUSIONS: According to the enormous capacity of the metabolism of the intestine microbiota, bacteria are likely to convert nutrients and digestive compounds into metabolites that regulate epigenetic in cancer. The effect of the food is of interest on epigenetic changes in the intestinal mucosa and colonocytes, as misleading nucleotide methylation may be a prognostic marker for colorectal cancer (CRC). Since epigenetic changes are potentially reversible, they can serve as therapeutic targets for preventing CRC. However, various mechanisms have been identified in the field of prevention, treatment, and progression of cancer by probiotics, which include intestinal microbiota modulation, increased intestinal barrier function, degradation of potential carcinogens, protective effect on intestinal epithelial damage, and increased immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Salek Farrokhi
- Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadlou
- Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maryam Abdollahi
- Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majid Eslami
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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11
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Islam MR, Lbik D, Sakib MS, Maximilian Hofmann R, Berulava T, Jiménez Mausbach M, Cha J, Goldberg M, Vakhtang E, Schiffmann C, Zieseniss A, Katschinski DM, Sananbenesi F, Toischer K, Fischer A. Epigenetic gene expression links heart failure to memory impairment. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e11900. [PMID: 33471428 PMCID: PMC7933944 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In current clinical practice, care of diseased patients is often restricted to separated disciplines. However, such an organ-centered approach is not always suitable. For example, cognitive dysfunction is a severe burden in heart failure patients. Moreover, these patients have an increased risk for age-associated dementias. The underlying molecular mechanisms are presently unknown, and thus, corresponding therapeutic strategies to improve cognition in heart failure patients are missing. Using mice as model organisms, we show that heart failure leads to specific changes in hippocampal gene expression, a brain region intimately linked to cognition. These changes reflect increased cellular stress pathways which eventually lead to loss of neuronal euchromatin and reduced expression of a hippocampal gene cluster essential for cognition. Consequently, mice suffering from heart failure exhibit impaired memory function. These pathological changes are ameliorated via the administration of a drug that promotes neuronal euchromatin formation. Our study provides first insight to the molecular processes by which heart failure contributes to neuronal dysfunction and point to novel therapeutic avenues to treat cognitive defects in heart failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Islam
- Department for Systems Medicine and Epigenetics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dawid Lbik
- Clinic of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Sadman Sakib
- Department for Systems Medicine and Epigenetics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Tea Berulava
- Department for Systems Medicine and Epigenetics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martí Jiménez Mausbach
- Department for Systems Medicine and Epigenetics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Cha
- Department for Systems Medicine and Epigenetics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Goldberg
- Department for Systems Medicine and Epigenetics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elerdashvili Vakhtang
- Department for Systems Medicine and Epigenetics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schiffmann
- Department for Systems Medicine and Epigenetics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anke Zieseniss
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dörthe Magdalena Katschinski
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Farahnaz Sananbenesi
- Genome Dynamics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karl Toischer
- Clinic of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andre Fischer
- Department for Systems Medicine and Epigenetics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Huang J, Xu Y, Lin F. The inhibition of microRNA-326 by SP1/HDAC1 contributes to proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma through promoting SMO expression. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10876-10888. [PMID: 32743904 PMCID: PMC7521251 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone cancer lacking of effective treatment target when the metastasis occurred. This study investigated the implication of MicroRNA-326 in OS proliferation and metastasis to provide the clue for the treatment of metastatic OS. This study knocked down SP1 in MG63 and 143B cells and then performed Microarray assay to find the expression of miRNAs that were influenced by SP1. MTT, EdU, wound-healing and cell invasion assays were performed to evaluated cell proliferation and invasion. OS metastasis to lung was detected in a nude mice model. ChIP assay and DAPA were applied to determine the regulatory effect of SP1 and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC) complex on miR-326 expression. Human OS tissues showed lowly expressed miR-326 but highly expressed Sp1 and HDAC. Sp1 recruited HDAC1 to miR-326 gene promoter, which caused the histone deacetylation and subsequent transcriptional inhibition of miR-326 gene. miR-326 deficiency induced the stimulation of SMO/Hedgehog pathway and promoted the proliferation and invasion of 143B and MG63 cells as well as the growth and metastasis in nude mice. SP1/HDAC1 caused the transcriptional inhibition of miR-326 gene by promoting histone deacetylation; miR-326 deficiency conversely stimulated SMO/Hedgehog pathway that was responsible for the proliferation and metastasis of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang‐Hu Huang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Department of OrthopaedicsFujian Provincial HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yang Xu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Department of OrthopaedicsFujian Provincial HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Fei‐Yue Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Department of OrthopaedicsFujian Provincial HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
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13
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Mastoraki A, Schizas D, Vlachou P, Melissaridou NM, Charalampakis N, Fioretzaki R, Kole C, Savvidou O, Vassiliu P, Pikoulis E. Assessment of Synergistic Contribution of Histone Deacetylases in Prognosis and Therapeutic Management of Sarcoma. Mol Diagn Ther 2020; 24:557-569. [PMID: 32696211 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas are a rare group of neoplasms with a mesenchymal origin that are mainly characterized by the abnormal growth of connective tissue cells. The standard treatment for local control of sarcomas includes surgery and radiation, while for adjuvant and palliative therapy, chemotherapy has been strongly recommended. Despite the availability of multimodal therapies, the survival rate for patients with sarcoma is still not satisfactory. In recent decades, there has been a considerable effort to overcome chemotherapy resistance in sarcoma cells. This has led to the investigation of more cellular compounds implicated in gene expression and transcription processes. Furthermore, it has been discovered that histone acetylation/deacetylation equilibrium is affected in carcinogenesis, leading to a modified chromatin structure and therefore changes in gene expression. In addition, histone deacetylase inhibition is found to play a key role in limiting the tumor burden in sarcomas, as histone deacetylase inhibitors act on well-described oncogenic signaling pathways. Histone deacetylase inhibitors disrupt the increased cell motility and invasiveness of sarcoma cells, undermining their metastatic potential. Moreover, their activity on evoking cell arrest has been extensively described, with histone deacetylase inhibitors regulating the reactivation of tumor suppressor genes and induction of apoptosis. Promoting autophagy and increasing cellular reactive oxygen species are also included in the antitumor activity of histone deacetylase inhibitors. It should be noted that many studies revealed the synergy between histone deacetylase inhibitors and other drugs, leading to the enhancement of an antitumor effect in sarcomas. Therefore, there is an urgent need for therapeutic interventions modulated according to the distinct clinical and molecular characteristics of each sarcoma subtype. It is concluded that a better understanding of histone deacetylase and histone deacetylase inhibitors could provide patients with sarcoma with more targeted and efficient therapies, which may contribute to significant improvement of their survival potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Mastoraki
- Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Street, Chaidari, Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Pigi Vlachou
- Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Street, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Maria Melissaridou
- Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Street, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Christo Kole
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Savvidou
- First Department of Orthopedics, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Vassiliu
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Pikoulis
- Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Street, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
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14
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Li G, Xie Q, Yang Z, Wang L, Zhang X, Zuo B, Zhang S, Yang A, Jia L. Sp1-mediated epigenetic dysregulation dictates HDAC inhibitor susceptibility of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:3285-3298. [PMID: 31111958 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/erbB2) is a key driver and therapeutic target for breast cancer. The treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer remains a clinical challenge largely due to the limited understanding of HER2-driving oncogenic signaling and the frequent resistance to simply HER2-targeted therapy. Here, we show that the histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), suppresses HER2-overexpressing breast cancer via upregulation of miR-146a and the resultant repression of its oncogenic targets, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 and the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Mechanistically, histone H3K56 acetylation and deacetylation on the MIR146A promoter are catalyzed respectively by the acetyltransferase p300 and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), both of which are recruited to the genomic loci by the transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1). HER2 signaling phosphorylates Sp1 and induces its predominant association with HDAC1, but not p300, leading to histone hypoacetylation and silencing of MIR146A. In addition, the death receptor Fas is similarly downregulated by the aforementioned epigenetic paradigm, indicating its wide involvement in impairing tumor suppressor gene expression. Consequently, TSA synergizes with lapatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of HER2, to suppress breast cancer in vitro and in rodent models. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of HER2-driven carcinogenesis and suggest the applicability of combined HER2 and HDAC targeting in breast cancer therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Histone Deacetylase 1/genetics
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Histone Deacetylases/genetics
- Humans
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
- Transcriptional Activation/drug effects
- Transcriptional Activation/genetics
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Qiaosheng Xie
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baile Zuo
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Angang Yang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lintao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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15
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Bai X, Jiang H, Han G, He Q. Chidamide suppresses the glycolysis of triple negative breast cancer cells partially by targeting the miR‑33a‑5p‑LDHA axis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1857-1865. [PMID: 31257519 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive types of breast cancer and has a poor prognosis. Therefore, the development of novel drugs and understanding the molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the initiation and development of TNBC are urgently required. Chidamide, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has been reported as possessing anti‑cancer properties in several cancers, however, the function of chidamide in TNBC remains to be elucidated. The present study revealed that chidamide inhibited the proliferation, colony formation and migration of TNBC cells. Experiments investigating the underlying mechanism revealed that chidamide upregulated the expression of microRNA (miR)‑33a‑5p in TNBC cells via RT‑qPCR. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR‑33a‑5p was bound to the 3'‑untranslated region of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and decreased the expression of LDHA in TNBC cells. In addition, chidamide suppressed the expression of LDHA and significantly decreased the glycolysis of TNBC cells. Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrated that chidamide reprogramed glucose metabolism, partially by targeting the miR‑33a‑5p/LDHA pathway, in TNBC. These findings indicate that chidamide may be a promising novel drug in the treatment of patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Bai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, P.R. China
| | - Hongchuan Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Guohui Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, P.R. China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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16
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Schnekenburger M, Dicato M, Diederich MF. Anticancer potential of naturally occurring immunoepigenetic modulators: A promising avenue? Cancer 2019; 125:1612-1628. [PMID: 30840315 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The immune system represents the major primary defense line against carcinogenesis and acts by identifying and eradicating nascent transformed cells. A growing body of evidence is indicating that aberrant epigenetic reprogramming plays a key role in tumor immune escape through: 1) impaired efficient recognition of neoplastic cells by the immune system, resulting from a downregulation or loss of the expression of tumor-associated antigens, human leukocyte antigens, antigen processing and presenting machinery, and costimulatory molecule genes; 2) aberrant expression of immune checkpoint proteins and their ligands; and 3) modification of cytokine profiles and tumor-associated immune cell populations toward an immunosuppressive state in the tumor microenvironment. Consistent with the inherent reversibility of epigenetic alterations, epigenetic drugs, including DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors, have the unique potential to favorably modify the tumor microenvironment, restore tumor recognition and stimulate an antitumor immune response. The objective of this review is to highlight selected, naturally occurring epigenetic modulators, namely, butyrate, curcumin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, resveratrol, romidepsin, and trichostatin A, with a special focus on their antitumor immune properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schnekenburger
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, Kirchberg Hospital, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, Kirchberg Hospital, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marc F Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Ediriweera MK, Tennekoon KH, Samarakoon SR. Emerging role of histone deacetylase inhibitors as anti-breast-cancer agents. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:685-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Mungamuri SK. Targeting the epigenome as a therapeutic strategy for pancreatic tumors. THERANOSTIC APPROACH FOR PANCREATIC CANCER 2019:211-244. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819457-7.00011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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19
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Epigenetic Targeting of Autophagy via HDAC Inhibition in Tumor Cells: Role of p53. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123952. [PMID: 30544838 PMCID: PMC6321134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor development and progression is the consequence of genetic as well as epigenetic alterations of the cell. As part of the epigenetic regulatory system, histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs) drive the modification of histone as well as non-histone proteins. Derailed acetylation-mediated gene expression in cancer due to a delicate imbalance in HDAC expression can be reversed by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). Histone deacetylase inhibitors have far-reaching anticancer activities that include the induction of cell cycle arrest, the inhibition of angiogenesis, immunomodulatory responses, the inhibition of stress responses, increased generation of oxidative stress, activation of apoptosis, autophagy eliciting cell death, and even the regulation of non-coding RNA expression in malignant tumor cells. However, it remains an ongoing issue how tumor cells determine to respond to HDACi treatment by preferentially undergoing apoptosis or autophagy. In this review, we summarize HDACi-mediated mechanisms of action, particularly with respect to the induction of cell death. There is a keen interest in assessing suitable molecular factors allowing a prognosis of HDACi-mediated treatment. Addressing the results of our recent study, we highlight the role of p53 as a molecular switch driving HDACi-mediated cellular responses towards one of both types of cell death. These findings underline the importance to determine the mutational status of p53 for an effective outcome in HDACi-mediated tumor therapy.
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20
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Biersack B. Interplay of non-coding RNAs and approved antimetabolites such as gemcitabine and pemetrexed in mesothelioma. Noncoding RNA Res 2018; 3:213-225. [PMID: 30809600 PMCID: PMC6257890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine and pemetrexed are clinically approved antimetabolites for the therapy of mesothelioma diseases. These drugs are often applied in combination with platinum complexes and other drugs. The activity of antimetabolites depended on the expression levels of certain non-coding RNAs, in particular, of small microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The development of tumor resistance towards antimetabolites was regulated by non-coding RNAs. An overview of the interplay between gemcitabine/pemetrexed antimetabolites and non-coding RNAs in mesothelioma is provided. Further to this, various non-coding RNA-modulating agents are discussed which displayed positive effects on gemcitabine or pemetrexed treatment of mesothelioma diseases. A detailed knowledge of the connections of non-coding RNAs with antimetabolites will be constructive for the design of improved therapies in future.
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Key Words
- AKBA, 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid
- Anticancer drugs
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- DADS, diallyl sulfide
- DHA, docosahexaenoic acid
- DIM, 3,3‘-diindolylmethane
- DMPM, diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma
- EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- Gemcitabine
- HOTAIR, HOX transcript antisense RNA
- I3C, indole-3-carbinol
- Long non-coding RNA
- MALAT1, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1
- MPM, malignant pleural mesothelioma
- Mesothelioma
- MicroRNA
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- NaB, sodium butyrate
- PDCD4, programmed cell death 4
- PEG, polyethylene glycole
- PEITC, phenethylisothiocyanate
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- Pemetrexed
- RA, retinoic acid
- SAHA, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid
- SFN, sulforaphane
- TSA, trichostatin A
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21
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Schizas D, Mastoraki A, Naar L, Spartalis E, Tsilimigras DI, Karachaliou GS, Bagias G, Moris D. Concept of histone deacetylases in cancer: Reflections on esophageal carcinogenesis and treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4635-4642. [PMID: 30416311 PMCID: PMC6224471 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i41.4635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) presents a high mortality rate, mainly due to its aggressive nature. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histological type worldwide, though, a continuous increase in esophageal adenocarcinomas has been noted in the past decades. Common risk factors associated with EC include smoking, alcohol consumption, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus and obesity. In an effort to overcome chemotherapy resistance in oncology, it was discovered that histone acetylation/deacetylation equilibrium is altered in carcinogenesis, leading to changes in chromatin structure and altering expression of genes important in the cell cycle, differentiation and apoptosis. Based on this knowledge, histone acetylation was addressed as a potential novel chemotherapy drug target to repress cancer cell proliferation. There are four classes of histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors with a variety of different mechanisms of actions that render them possible anti-cancer drugs. They arrest the cell cycle, inhibit differentiation and angiogenesis and induce apoptosis. They do not necessarily act on histone proteins, since they can also exert indirect anti-cancer effects, by modifying various cellular proteins. In addition, HDACs have also been associated with increased chemotherapy resistance. Based on the literature, HDACs have been associated with EC, with surveys revealing that increased expression of certain HDACs correlates with advanced TNM stages, tumor grade, metastatic potential and decreased 5-year overall and disease-free survival. The aim of this survey is to elucidate the molecular identity and mechanism of action of HDAC inhibitors as well as verify their potential utility as anti-cancer agents in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Schizas
- 1st Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Mastoraki
- 1st Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Leon Naar
- 4th Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Spartalis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Diamantis I Tsilimigras
- 1st Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Georgia-Sofia Karachaliou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - George Bagias
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Moris
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
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22
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EGF-Mediated Overexpression of Myc Attenuates miR-26b by Recruiting HDAC3 to Induce Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Lens Epithelial Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7148023. [PMID: 29977916 PMCID: PMC5998198 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7148023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The previous study has demonstrated that epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling plays a critical role in the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) through regulating lens epithelial cells (LECs) proliferation. Recent studies have suggested that the residual LECs undergo proliferation and migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the important cause of PCO formation after cataract surgery. EMT of LECs is considered to be playing a central role in the pathogenesis of PCO. In the present study, we investigated whether and how EGF may regulate EMT of LECs. First, we demonstrated that EGF and EGFR signaling induces Myc overexpression in primary human lens epithelial cells (HLECs). In turn, Myc overexpression could inhibit miR-26b by recruitment of HDAC3. Consequently, the downregulated expression of miR-26b increased the expression of EZH2 in primary HLECs. Mechanistically, miR-26b directly controls EZH2 expression by targeting its 3′-UTR in HLECs by luciferase reporter assays. Finally, we demonstrated that EGF induces the expression of EMT markers in primary HLECs via a miR-26b-dependent mechanism. In summary, EGF activated Myc and Myc overexpression inhibited miR-26b by recruitment of HDAC3, which in turn induced the expression of EZH2 and promoted the progression of EMT in HLECs.
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23
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Pasini A, Brand OJ, Jenkins G, Knox AJ, Pang L. Suberanilohydroxamic acid prevents TGF-β1-induced COX-2 repression in human lung fibroblasts post-transcriptionally by TIA-1 downregulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:463-472. [PMID: 29555582 PMCID: PMC5910054 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), with its main antifibrotic metabolite PGE2, is regarded as an antifibrotic gene. Repressed COX-2 expression and deficient PGE2 have been shown to contribute to the activation of lung fibroblasts and excessive deposition of collagen in pulmonary fibrosis. We have previously demonstrated that COX-2 expression in lung fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is epigenetically silenced and can be restored by epigenetic inhibitors. This study aimed to investigate whether COX-2 downregulation induced by the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in normal lung fibroblasts could be prevented by epigenetic inhibitors. We found that COX-2 protein expression and PGE2 production were markedly reduced by TGF-β1 and this was prevented by the pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) and to a lesser extent by the DNA demethylating agent Decitabine (DAC), but not by the G9a histone methyltransferase (HMT) inhibitor BIX01294 or the EZH2 HMT inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep). However, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that the effect of SAHA was unlikely mediated by histone modifications. Instead 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) luciferase reporter assay indicated the involvement of post-transcriptional mechanisms. This was supported by the downregulation by SAHA of the 3′-UTR mRNA binding protein TIA-1 (T-cell intracellular antigen-1), a negative regulator of COX-2 translation. Furthermore, TIA-1 knockdown by siRNA mimicked the effect of SAHA on COX-2 expression. These findings suggest SAHA can prevent TGF-β1-induced COX-2 repression in lung fibroblasts post-transcriptionally through a novel TIA-1-dependent mechanism and provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying its potential antifibrotic activity. Abbreviations Unlabelled TableSAHA | suberanilohydroxamic acid | TGF-β1 | transforming growth factor-β1 | COX-2 | cyclooxygenase-2 | TIA-1 | T-cell intracellular antigen-1 | PGE2 | prostaglandin E2 | IPF | idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | DAC | Decitabine | HMT | histone methyltransferase | EZH2 | enhancer of zeste homolog 2 | DZNep | 3-deazaneplanocin A | 3′-UTR | 3′-untranslated region | α-SMA | α-smooth muscle actin | ECM | extracellular matrix | COL1 | collagen 1 | DNMT | DNA methyltransferase | HAT | histone acetyltransferase | HDAC | histone deacetylase | H3K9me3 | histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation | ARE | AUUUA-rich element | HuR | human antigen R | ELAV1 | ELAV-like RNA binding protein 1 | TTP | Tristetraprolin | CUGBP2 | CUG triplet repeat, RNA binding protein 2 | F-NL | fibroblast from non-fibrotic lung | FCS | fetal calf serum |
The HDAC inhibitor SAHA upregulates the expression of the antifibrotic gene COX-2 post-transcriptionally. The mechanism relies on the downregulation of TIA-1, a negative regulator of COX-2 translation. SAHA has a therapeutic potential by preventing COX-2 repression induced by TGF-β1 in human lung fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pasini
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom; Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Via Venezia 52, 47521 Cesena, FC, Italy
| | - Oliver J Brand
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Knox
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Linhua Pang
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom.
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Bishop KS, Xu H, Marlow G. Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression Induced by Butyrate in Colorectal Cancer: Involvement of MicroRNA. GENETICS & EPIGENETICS 2017; 9:1179237X17729900. [PMID: 28979170 PMCID: PMC5617089 DOI: 10.1177/1179237x17729900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer mortality globally. Development of CRC is closely associated with lifestyle, and diet may modulate risk. A Western-style diet is characterised by a high intake of red meat but low consumption of fruit, vegetables, and whole cereals. Such a diet is associated with CRC risks. It has been demonstrated that butyrate, produced by the fermentation of dietary plant fibre, can alter both genetic and epigenetic expressions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are commonly present in both normal and tumour cells. Aberrant miRNA expression is associated with CRC initiation, progression, and metastasis. In addition, butyrate can modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and miRNA expression in CRC. In this review, the effects of butyrate on modulating miRNA expression in CRC will be discussed. Furthermore, evidence on the effect of butyrate on CRC risk through reducing oncogenic miRNA expression will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Bishop
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Huawen Xu
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gareth Marlow
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Pili R, Liu G, Chintala S, Verheul H, Rehman S, Attwood K, Lodge MA, Wahl R, Martin JI, Miles KM, Paesante S, Adelaiye R, Godoy A, King S, Zwiebel J, Carducci MA. Combination of the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat with bevacizumab in patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: a multicentre, single-arm phase I/II clinical trial. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:874-883. [PMID: 28222071 PMCID: PMC5379145 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Class II histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors induce hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and -2α degradation and have antitumour effects in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors. In this study, we tested the safety and efficacy of the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat and the VEGF blocker bevacizumab in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients previously treated with different drugs including sunitinib, sorafenib, axitinib, interleukin-2, interferon, and temsirolimus. METHODS Patients with up to two prior regimens were eligible for treatment, consisting of vorinostat 200 mg orally two times daily × 2 weeks, and bevacizumab 15 mg kg-1 intravenously every 3 weeks. The primary end points were safety and tolerability, and the proportion of patients with 6 months of progression-free survival (PFS). Correlative studies included immunohistochemistry, FDG PET/CT scans, and serum analyses for chemokines and microRNAs. RESULTS Thirty-six patients were enrolled, with 33 evaluable for toxicity and efficacy. Eighteen patients had 1 prior treatment, 13 patients had 2 prior treatments, and 2 patients were treatment naïve. Two patients experienced grade 4 thrombocytopenia and three patients had grade 3 thromboembolic events during the course of exposure. We observed six objective responses (18%), including one complete response and five partial responses. The proportion of patients with PFS at 6 months was 48%. The median PFS and overall survival were 5.7 months (confidence interval (CI): 4.1-11.0) and 13.9 months (CI: 9.8-20.7), respectively. Correlative studies showed that modulation of specific chemokines and microRNAs were associated with clinical benefit. CONCLUSIONS The combination of vorinostat with bevacizumab as described is relatively well tolerated. Response rate and median PFS suggest clinical activity for this combination strategy in previously treated ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pili
- Genitourinary Program, Indiana University-Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Glenn Liu
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Wisconsin, WI, USA
| | - Sreenivasulu Chintala
- Genitourinary Program, Indiana University-Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hendrick Verheul
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Richard Wahl
- Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Remi Adelaiye
- Genitourinary Program, Indiana University-Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Serina King
- Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Biersack B. Non-coding RNA/microRNA-modulatory dietary factors and natural products for improved cancer therapy and prevention: Alkaloids, organosulfur compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids and water-soluble vitamins. Noncoding RNA Res 2016; 1:51-63. [PMID: 30159411 PMCID: PMC6096427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding small RNA molecules, the microRNAs (miRNAs), contribute decisively to the epigenetic regulation processes in cancer cells. Problematic pathogenic properties of cancer cells and the response of cancers towards anticancer drugs are highly influenced by miRNAs. Both increased drug activity and formation of tumor resistance are regulated by miRNAs. Further to this, the survival and proliferation of cancer cells and the formation of metastases is based on the modulated expression of certain miRNAs. In particular, drug-resistant cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) depend on the presence and absence of specific miRNAs. Fortunately, several small molecule natural compounds were discovered that target miRNAs involved in the modulation of tumor aggressiveness and drug resistance. This review gives an overview of the effects of a selection of naturally occurring small molecules (alkaloids, organosulfur compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids and water-soluble vitamins) on miRNAs that are closely tangled with cancer diseases.
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Key Words
- AM, allyl mercaptan
- AOM, azoxymethane
- Aliphatic carboxylic acids
- Alkaloids
- Anticancer drugs
- CPT, camptothecin
- DADS, diallyl disulfide
- DHA, docosahexaenoic acid
- DIM, 3,3′-diindolylmethane
- EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid
- FA, folic acid
- GTC, green tea catechins
- I3C, indole-3-carbinol
- MiRNA
- NaB, sodium butyrate
- Organosulfur compounds
- PEITC, phenethylisothiocyanate
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid
- SAMC, S-allylmercaptocysteine
- SFN, sulforaphane
- TSA, trichostatin A
- Water-soluble vitamins
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Luoni A, Riva MA. MicroRNAs and psychiatric disorders: From aetiology to treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 167:13-27. [PMID: 27452338 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of psychiatric disorders relies on the interaction between genetic vulnerability and environmental adversities. Several studies have demonstrated a crucial role for epigenetics (e.g. DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications and microRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation) in the translation of environmental cues into adult behavioural outcome, which can prove to be harmful thus increasing the risk to develop psychopathology. Within this frame, non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs, came to light as pivotal regulators of many biological processes occurring in the Central Nervous System, both during the neuronal development as well as in the regulation of adult function, including learning, memory and neuronal plasticity. On these basis, in recent years it has been hypothesised a central role for microRNA modulation and expression regulation in many brain disorders, including neurodegenerative disorders and mental illnesses. Indeed, the aim of the present review is to present the most recent state of the art regarding microRNA involvement in psychiatric disorders. We will first describe the mechanisms that regulate microRNA biogenesis and we will report evidences of microRNA dysregulation in peripheral body fluids, in postmortem brain tissues from patients suffering from psychopathology as well as in animal models. Last, we will discuss the potential to consider microRNAs as putative target for pharmacological intervention, using common psychotropic drugs or more specific tools, with the aim to normalize functions that are disrupted in different psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Luoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Andrea Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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An immediate transcriptional signature associated with response to the histone deacetylase inhibitor Givinostat in T acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenografts. Cell Death Dis 2016; 6:e2047. [PMID: 26764573 PMCID: PMC4816177 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite some success with certain hematological malignancies and in contrast with the strong pro-apoptotic effects measured in vitro, the overall response rate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) is low. With the aim to improve the understanding of how HDACis work in vivo, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the clinically approved HDACi Givinostat in a collection of nine pediatric human T-ALL engrafted systemically in NOD/SCID mice. We observed highly heterogeneous antileukemia responses to Givinostat, associated with reduction of the percentage of infiltrating blasts in target organs, induction of apoptosis and differentiation. These effects were not associated with the T-ALL cytogenetic subgroup. Transcriptome analysis disclosed an immediate transcriptional signature enriched in genes involved in cell-cycle regulation and DNA repair, which was validated by quantitative RT-PCR and was associated with in vivo response to this HDACi. Increased phospho-H2AX levels, a marker of DNA damage, were measured in T-ALL cells from Givinostat responders. These results indicate that the induction of the DNA damage response could be an early biomarker of the therapeutic effects of Givinostat in T-ALL models. This information should be considered in the design of future clinical trials with HDACis in acute leukemia.
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