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Zarei Z, Kharaziha M, Karimzadeh F, Khadem E. Synthesis and biological applications of nanocomposite hydrogels based on the methacrylation of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and lignin loaded with alpha-pinene. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 346:122642. [PMID: 39245505 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Oral conditions, such as recurrent aphthous stomatitis, are chronic inflammatory disorders that significantly affect the life quality. This study aims to develop a novel buccal mucoadhesive based on methacrylate hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (M-HPMC) and methacrylate lignin (M-SLS) encapsulated with nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for controlled release of alpha-pinene (α-pinene). NLCs with particle sizes of 152 ± 3 nm were prepared by using stearic acid and oleic acid as solid and liquid lipids, respectively. Following the successful synthesis of M-HPMC and M-SLS, various concentrations of α-pinene loaded NLCs (0, 18, 38, and 50 wt%) were encapsulated in M-HPMC/M-SLS hydrogel. It was demonstrated that the physiological and mechanical performances of hydrogels were changed, depending on the NLC content. Remarkably, the incorporation of 18 wt% NLC improved the compressive strength (143 ± 14 kPa) and toughness (17 ± 1 kJ/m3) of M-HPMC/M-SLS hydrogel. This nanocomposite hydrogel considerably decreased dissipated energy from 1.64 kJ/m3 to 0.99 kJ/m3, after a five-cycle compression test. The nanocomposite hydrogel exhibited controlled α-pinene release for up to 96 h which could significantly improve the antioxidant activity of M-HPMC/M-SLS matrix. Moreover, the reinforcing M-HPMC/M-SLS hydrogel with α-pinene-loaded NLCs resulted in increased adhesive strength (113.5 ± 7.5 kPa) to bovine buccal mucosa and cytocompatibility in contact with fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zarei
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Kharaziha
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Iran.
| | - F Karimzadeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Iran
| | - E Khadem
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Iran
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2
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Zhu Z, Nie X, Deng L, Ding J, Chen J, Zhu J, Yin X, Guo B, Zhang F. Regulation of cervical cancer via G15-mediated inhibition of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor. Anticancer Drugs 2024; 35:817-829. [PMID: 39018257 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is among the most common gynecological malignancies. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is involved in the development of various tumors; however, its role in cervical cancer remains unclear. We investigated whether G15, an inhibitor of GPER, can regulate its expression and affect cervical cancer progression. We examined the biological behaviors of G15-treated SiHa and HeLa cells using Cell Counting Kit-8, monoclonal proliferation, plate scratching, and Transwell invasion experiments. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of GPER, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, Bcl-2, Bax, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). The expression of GPER, E-cadherin, vimentin, and PD-L1 in cervical cancer and adjacent tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry. The correlation between GPER expression and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. The expression of GPER in cervical cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues, and it was detected in the membrane and cytoplasm of SiHa and HeLa cells. The proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of SiHa and HeLa cells were reduced after G15 treatment. The G15-treated groups exhibited higher expression of E-cadherin and Bax and lower expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, Bcl-2, GPER, p-PI3K, p-AKT, and PD-L1 than the control group. The expression of E-cadherin was lower and that of vimentin was higher in cancer tissues than in paracancerous tissues; PD-L1 was highly expressed in tumor and stromal cells in cancer tissues but not in paracancerous tissues. G15 functions by regulating the GPER/PI3K/AKT/PD-L1 signaling pathway and may serve as a new immunotherapy for treating patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhu
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Departments of
| | - Xinyi Nie
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Departments of
| | - Lexiu Deng
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Departments of
| | - Jia Ding
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Departments of
| | | | - Jingyi Zhu
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Departments of
| | - Xiaoxia Yin
- Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Bowei Guo
- Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
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Marković T, Popović S, Matić S, Mitrović M, Anđić M, Kočović A, Vukić M, Petrović V, Branković J, Vuković N, Todorović D, Kačániová M, Baskić D. Insights into Molecular Mechanisms of Anticancer Activity of Juniperus communis Essential Oil in HeLa and HCT 116 Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2351. [PMID: 39273835 PMCID: PMC11397105 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
As cancer remains a significant global health challenge, there is an increasing need for novel therapeutic approaches. We investigated the antitumor potential of Juniperus communis berry essential oil on cervical cancer HeLa and colorectal HCT 116 cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated through the MTT assay, revealing concentration-dependent reductions in cell viability. A clonogenic assay demonstrated long-term cytotoxic effects. Apoptosis markers were assessed via flow cytometric analysis and showed an induction of the intrinsic pathway in both cell lines, demonstrated by the elevated levels of cleaved caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, JC-10 monomer formation, and cytochrome C migration to the cytosol. The treatment inhibited cell-survival pathways in HCT 116 cells and arrested HeLa cells in the S phase. An extensive molecular docking screening provided insight into the binding affinity and interaction patterns of the essential oil components with NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase and superoxide dismutase enzymes, further confirming the induction of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The obtained in silico and in vitro results indicated the anticancer potential of J. communis berry essential oil as it interferes with cancer cell molecular mechanisms. Our findings highlight J. communis berry essential oil as a promising natural agent with anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Marković
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića, 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Suzana Popović
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića, 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sanja Matić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića, 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Mitrović
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića, 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marijana Anđić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića, 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Kočović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića, 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milena Vukić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića, 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Petrović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića, 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovica Branković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića, 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Vuković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića, 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela Todorović
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića, 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
- School of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01 043 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dejan Baskić
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića, 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Institute of Public Health Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Guo D, Xu K, Wan Q, Yu S, Ma C, Zhang B, Liu Y, Qu L. Different processing methods and pharmacological effects of Atractylodis Rhizoma. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:756-768. [PMID: 39197965 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Atractylodis Rhizoma, a traditional Chinese medicine with an extensive history of treating gastrointestinal disorders and other diseases, undergoes various processing methods in China to enhance its therapeutic efficacy for specific conditions. However, a comprehensive report detailing the changes in chemical composition and pharmacological effects due to these processing methods is currently lacking. This article provides a systematic review of the commonly employed processing techniques for Atractylodis Rhizoma, including raw Atractylodis Rhizoma (SCZ), bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma (FCZ), deep-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma (JCZ), and rice water-processed Atractylodis Rhizoma (MCZ). It examines the alterations in chemical constituents and pharmacological activities resulting from these processes and elucidates the mechanisms of action of the primary components in the various processed forms of Atractylodis Rhizoma in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Kang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Qianyun Wan
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Songyang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Chaoyang Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Baohui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yanju Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Linghang Qu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, China.
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Vincoff S, Schleupner B, Santos J, Morrison M, Zhang N, Dunphy-Daly MM, Eward WC, Armstrong AJ, Diana Z, Somarelli JA. The Known and Unknown: Investigating the Carcinogenic Potential of Plastic Additives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10445-10457. [PMID: 38830620 PMCID: PMC11191590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics are routinely ingested and inhaled by humans and other organisms. Despite the frequency of plastic exposure, little is known about its health consequences. Of particular concern are plastic additives─chemical compounds that are intentionally or unintentionally added to plastics to improve functionality or as residual components of plastic production. Additives are often loosely bound to the plastic polymer and may be released during plastic exposures. To better understand the health effects of plastic additives, we performed a comprehensive literature search to compile a list of 2,712 known plastic additives. Then, we performed an integrated toxicogenomic analysis of these additives, utilizing cancer classifications and carcinogenic expression pathways as a primary focus. Screening these substances across two chemical databases revealed two key observations: (1) over 150 plastic additives have known carcinogenicity and (2) the majority (∼90%) of plastic additives lack data on carcinogenic end points. Analyses of additive usage patterns pinpointed specific polymers, functions, and products in which carcinogenic additives reside. Based on published chemical-gene interactions, both carcinogenic additives and additives with unknown carcinogenicity impacted similar biological pathways. The predominant pathways involved DNA damage, apoptosis, the immune response, viral diseases, and cancer. This study underscores the urgent need for a systematic and comprehensive carcinogenicity assessment of plastic additives and regulatory responses to mitigate the potential health risks of plastic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Vincoff
- Department
of Medicine and the Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and
Urologic Cancer, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Beatrice Schleupner
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Jasmine Santos
- Department
of Medicine and the Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and
Urologic Cancer, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Margaret Morrison
- Nicholas
School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Newland Zhang
- Department
of Medicine and the Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and
Urologic Cancer, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Meagan M. Dunphy-Daly
- Division
of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment,
Duke University Marine Laboratory, Duke
University, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, United States
| | - William C. Eward
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Andrew J. Armstrong
- Department
of Medicine and the Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and
Urologic Cancer, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Zoie Diana
- Division
of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment,
Duke University Marine Laboratory, Duke
University, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, United States
- Department
of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University
of Toronto, 25 Wilcocks
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S3B2, Canada
| | - Jason A. Somarelli
- Department
of Medicine and the Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and
Urologic Cancer, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
- Nicholas
School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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6
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Han EJ, Choi EY, Jeon SJ, Moon JM, Lee SW, Lee JH, Jung GH, Han SH, Jung SH, Yang MS, Jung JY. Anticancer Effects of α-Pinene in AGS Gastric Cancer Cells. J Med Food 2024; 27:330-338. [PMID: 38387002 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer globally and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Existing treatment strategies for gastric cancer often present numerous side effects. Consequently, recent studies have shifted toward devising new treatments grounded in safer natural substances. α-Pinene, a natural terpene found in the essential oils of various plants, such as Lavender angustifolia and Satureja myrtifolia, displays antioxidant, antibiotic, and anticancer properties. Yet, its impact on gastric cancer remains unexplored. This research assessed the effects of α-pinene in vitro using a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell-line (AGS) human gastric cancer cells and in vivo via a xenograft mouse model. The survival rate of AGS cells treated with α-pinene was notably lower than that of the control group, as revealed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. This decline in cell viability was linked to apoptosis, as verified by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and annexin V/propidium iodide staining. The α-pinene-treated group exhibited elevated cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X (Bax) levels and reduced Bcl-2 levels compared with the control levels. Moreover, α-pinene triggered the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 within the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In the xenograft mouse model, α-pinene induced apoptosis through the MAPK pathway, devoid of toxicity. These findings position α-pinene as a promising natural therapeutic for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Han
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Choi
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - Su-Ji Jeon
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Moon
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - Jae-Han Lee
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - Gi-Hwan Jung
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - So-Hee Han
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Jung
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Jung
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Products, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
- Research Center of Crop Breeding for Omics and Artificial Intelligence, Yesan, Korea
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Kabdy H, Azraida H, Agouram F, Oufquir S, Laadraoui J, Baslam A, Aitbaba A, Ouazzani ME, Elyazouli L, Aboufatima R, Garzoli S, Chait A. Antiarthritic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cannabis sativa Essential Oil in an Animal Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:20. [PMID: 38256854 PMCID: PMC10819254 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Arthritis and inflammatory conditions require effective therapies, but conventional drugs have side effects. This study explored Cannabis sativa L. essential oil (CSEO) as a safer alternative. A chemical characterization of EO conducted via GC/MS showed the presence of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (67.63%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (25.91%), and oxygenated monoterpenes (0.99%). The study used three established inflammation induction tests: xylene-induced ear swelling, carrageenan-induced paw inflammation, and inflammation in the paw induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA). Xylene triggered acute inflammation in the ear, while carrageenan-induced acute inflammatory responses through edema and immune-cell recruitment in the paw. CFA-induced arthritis simulated chronic inflammatory conditions. The obtained results demonstrated that treatment with CSEO significantly reduced ear weight in the xylene-induced ear-swelling test, indicating potential inhibition of neutrophil accumulation. In the carrageenan-induced paw inflammation test, CSEO reduced paw volume, suggesting interference with edema formation and leukocyte migration. In the CFA-induced paw inflammation test, CSEO decreased contralateral paw volume, restored body weight, and reduced C-reactive protein levels. Conclusion: this study provides compelling evidence supporting the antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory effects of CSEO. The findings indicate the therapeutic value of EO in the management of arthritis and inflammatory diseases while highlighting the need for further in-depth research to study the molecular mechanisms and validate their safety and efficacy for clinical applications. Preliminary data from this study suggests encouraging prospects for advancing the treatment and prevention of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Kabdy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropology and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (H.K.); (H.A.); (F.A.); (S.O.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (L.E.); (A.C.)
| | - Hajar Azraida
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropology and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (H.K.); (H.A.); (F.A.); (S.O.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (L.E.); (A.C.)
| | - Fatimzahra Agouram
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropology and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (H.K.); (H.A.); (F.A.); (S.O.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (L.E.); (A.C.)
| | - Sara Oufquir
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropology and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (H.K.); (H.A.); (F.A.); (S.O.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (L.E.); (A.C.)
| | - Jawad Laadraoui
- Health and Environment Laboratory, Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Aïn Chock Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20470, Morocco;
| | - Abdelmounaim Baslam
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropology and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (H.K.); (H.A.); (F.A.); (S.O.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (L.E.); (A.C.)
| | - Abdelfatah Aitbaba
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropology and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (H.K.); (H.A.); (F.A.); (S.O.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (L.E.); (A.C.)
| | - Meryem El Ouazzani
- Anatomic Pathology Laboratory, FMPM-UCA-CHU Mohamed VI, Marrakech 40000, Morocco;
| | - Loubna Elyazouli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropology and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (H.K.); (H.A.); (F.A.); (S.O.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (L.E.); (A.C.)
| | - Rachida Aboufatima
- Laboratory of Genie Biologic, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23040, Morocco;
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University, P. le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Abderrahman Chait
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropology and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (H.K.); (H.A.); (F.A.); (S.O.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (L.E.); (A.C.)
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