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Männer J. The Functional Significance of Cardiac Looping: Comparative Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology of the Looped Design of Vertebrate Hearts. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:252. [PMID: 39195160 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11080252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The flow path of vertebrate hearts has a looped configuration characterized by curved (sigmoid) and twisted (chiral) components. The looped heart design is phylogenetically conserved among vertebrates and is thought to represent a significant determinant of cardiac pumping function. It evolves during the embryonic period of development by a process called "cardiac looping". During the past decades, remarkable progress has been made in the uncovering of genetic, molecular, and biophysical factors contributing to cardiac looping. Our present knowledge of the functional consequences of cardiac looping lags behind this impressive progress. This article provides an overview and discussion of the currently available information on looped heart design and its implications for the pumping function. It is emphasized that: (1) looping seems to improve the pumping efficiency of the valveless embryonic heart. (2) bilaterally asymmetric (chiral) looping plays a central role in determining the alignment and separation of the pulmonary and systemic flow paths in the multi-chambered heart of tetrapods. (3) chiral looping is not needed for efficient pumping of the two-chambered hearts of fish. (4) it is the sigmoid curving of the flow path that may improve the pumping efficiency of lower as well as higher vertebrate hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Männer
- Group Cardio-Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UMG, Georg-August-University Goettingen, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany
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2
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Rengel BD, Schuler-Faccini L, Fraga LR, Vianna FSL, Kowalski TW. Possible New Candidates Involved to Thalidomide-Related Limbs and Cardiac Defects: A Systems Biology Approach. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10790-w. [PMID: 38689186 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Thalidomide is a known teratogen that causes malformations especially in heart and limbs. Its mechanism of teratogenicity is still not fully elucidated. Recently, a new target of thalidomide was described, TBX5, and was observed a new interaction between HAND2 and TBX5 that is disrupted in the presence of thalidomide. Therefore, our study aimed to raise potential candidates for thalidomide teratogenesis, through systems biology, evaluating HAND2 and TBX5 interaction and heart and limbs malformations of thalidomide. Genes and proteins related to TBX5 and HAND2 were selected through TF2DNA, REACTOME, Human Phenotype Ontology, and InterPro databases. Networks were assembled using STRING © database. Network analysis were performed in Cytoscape © and R v3.6.2. Differential gene expression (DGE) analysis was performed through gene expression omnibus. We constructed a network for HAND2 and TBX5 interaction; a network for heart and limbs malformations of TE; and the two joined networks. We observed that EP300 protein seemed to be important in all networks. We also looked for proteins containing C2H2 domain in the assembled networks. ZIC3, GLI1, GLI3, ZNF148, and PRDM16 were the ones present in both heart and limbs malformations of TE networks. Furthermore, in the DGE analysis after treatment with thalidomide, we observed that FANCB, ESCO2, and XRCC2 were downregulated and present both in heart and limbs networks. Through systems biology, we were able to point to different new proteins and genes, and selected specially EP300, which was important in all the analyzed networks, to be further evaluated in the TE teratogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Duarte Rengel
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Schuler-Faccini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rosa Fraga
- National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2350, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2350, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-903, Brazil.
- Bioinformatics Core, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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3
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Shaikh Qureshi WM, Hentges KE. Functions of cilia in cardiac development and disease. Ann Hum Genet 2024; 88:4-26. [PMID: 37872827 PMCID: PMC10952336 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Errors in embryonic cardiac development are a leading cause of congenital heart defects (CHDs), including morphological abnormalities of the heart that are often detected after birth. In the past few decades, an emerging role for cilia in the pathogenesis of CHD has been identified, but this topic still largely remains an unexplored area. Mouse forward genetic screens and whole exome sequencing analysis of CHD patients have identified enrichment for de novo mutations in ciliary genes or non-ciliary genes, which regulate cilia-related pathways, linking cilia function to aberrant cardiac development. Key events in cardiac morphogenesis, including left-right asymmetric development of the heart, are dependent upon cilia function. Cilia dysfunction during left-right axis formation contributes to CHD as evidenced by the substantial proportion of heterotaxy patients displaying complex CHD. Cilia-transduced signaling also regulates later events during heart development such as cardiac valve formation, outflow tract septation, ventricle development, and atrioventricular septa formation. In this review, we summarize the role of motile and non-motile (primary cilia) in cardiac asymmetry establishment and later events during heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasay Mohiuddin Shaikh Qureshi
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Kathryn E. Hentges
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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4
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Engwerda A, Abbott KM, Hitzert MM, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA, Kerstjens-Frederikse WS. The role of TBX18 in congenital heart defects in humans not confirmed. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:138-141. [PMID: 36418409 PMCID: PMC9905074 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aafke Engwerda
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kristin M Abbott
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marrit M Hitzert
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Conny M A van Ravenswaaij-Arts
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- ATN/Jonx, Groningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Rengel BD, Kowalski TW, Bremm JM, do Amaral Gomes J, Schüler-Faccini L, Vianna FSL, Fraga LR. Genetic evaluation of HAND2 gene and its effects on thalidomide embryopathy. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:1354-1363. [PMID: 36177858 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HAND2 is a transcription factor important for embryonic development, required for limbs and cardiovascular development. Thalidomide is a drug responsible to a spectrum of congenital anomalies known as Thalidomide Embryopathy (TE), which includes mainly limb and heart defects. It is known that HAND2 interaction with TBX5, an important protein for limbs and heart development, is inhibited by Thalidomide. The aim of this study was to evaluate and characterize HAND2 in the context of TE, and to evaluate its variability in TE individuals. METHODS DNA from 35 TE subjects was extracted from saliva samples and PCR was performed for amplification and Sanger sequencing of HAND2 coding sequence. RESULTS The analysis showed only one variant; a synonymous variant p.P51 (rs59621536) in exon 1 found in three individuals. Further in silico evaluation confirmed highly HAND2 conservation, being the 3'UTR the most polymorphic region of the gene. Additional computational analyses classified the variant as neutral, without alteration in splicing and miRNA sites. In silico predictions pointed to alteration of two CpG islands adjacent to the variant; however, we did not observe any alterations on the methylation pattern of HAND2 gene in our sample. Moreover, alteration of the binding site of MeCP2, a nuclear protein involved in DNA methylation, was predicted along with alteration in HAND2 mRNA structure. CONCLUSIONS Considering HAND2 being a well conserved gene, further studies with a larger sample should be performed to evaluate the role this gene on genetic susceptibility to TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Duarte Rengel
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Genomic Medicine Laboratory at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Genomic Medicine Laboratory at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Bioinformatics Core, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro Universitário CESUCA, Cachoeirinha, Brazil
| | - João Matheus Bremm
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Julia do Amaral Gomes
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Genomic Medicine Laboratory at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Schüler-Faccini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Genomic Medicine Laboratory at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rosa Fraga
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Genomic Medicine Laboratory at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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6
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Kim H, Wang M, Paik DT. Endothelial-Myocardial Angiocrine Signaling in Heart Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:697130. [PMID: 34277641 PMCID: PMC8281241 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.697130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells are a multifunctional cell type with organotypic specificity in their function and structure. In this review, we discuss various subpopulations of endothelial cells in the mammalian heart, which spatiotemporally regulate critical cellular and molecular processes of heart development via unique sets of angiocrine signaling pathways. In particular, elucidation of intercellular communication among the functional cell types in the developing heart has recently been accelerated by the use of single-cell sequencing. Specifically, we overview the heterogeneic nature of cardiac endothelial cells and their contribution to heart tube and chamber formation, myocardial trabeculation and compaction, and endocardial cushion and valve formation via angiocrine pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonyu Kim
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mingqiang Wang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David T Paik
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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7
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Tremblay M, Sanchez-Ferras O, Bouchard M. GATA transcription factors in development and disease. Development 2018; 145:145/20/dev164384. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.164384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The GATA family of transcription factors is of crucial importance during embryonic development, playing complex and widespread roles in cell fate decisions and tissue morphogenesis. GATA proteins are essential for the development of tissues derived from all three germ layers, including the skin, brain, gonads, liver, hematopoietic, cardiovascular and urogenital systems. The crucial activity of GATA factors is underscored by the fact that inactivating mutations in most GATA members lead to embryonic lethality in mouse models and are often associated with developmental diseases in humans. In this Primer, we discuss the unique and redundant functions of GATA proteins in tissue morphogenesis, with an emphasis on their regulation of lineage specification and early organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Tremblay
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Oraly Sanchez-Ferras
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Maxime Bouchard
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
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8
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Sivakumar A, Kurpios NA. Transcriptional regulation of cell shape during organ morphogenesis. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2987-3005. [PMID: 30061107 PMCID: PMC6122985 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201612115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging field of transcriptional regulation of cell shape changes aims to address the critical question of how gene expression programs produce a change in cell shape. Together with cell growth, division, and death, changes in cell shape are essential for organ morphogenesis. Whereas most studies of cell shape focus on posttranslational events involved in protein organization and distribution, cell shape changes can be genetically programmed. This review highlights the essential role of transcriptional regulation of cell shape during morphogenesis of the heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys. We emphasize the evolutionary conservation of these processes across different model organisms and discuss perspectives on open questions and research avenues that may provide mechanistic insights toward understanding birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Sivakumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Natasza A Kurpios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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9
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Métais A, Lamsoul I, Melet A, Uttenweiler-Joseph S, Poincloux R, Stefanovic S, Valière A, Gonzalez de Peredo A, Stella A, Burlet-Schiltz O, Zaffran S, Lutz PG, Moog-Lutz C. Asb2α-Filamin A Axis Is Essential for Actin Cytoskeleton Remodeling During Heart Development. Circ Res 2018; 122:e34-e48. [PMID: 29374072 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Heart development involves differentiation of cardiac progenitors and assembly of the contractile sarcomere apparatus of cardiomyocytes. However, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate actin cytoskeleton remodeling during cardiac cell differentiation. OBJECTIVE The Asb2α (Ankyrin repeat-containing protein with a suppressor of cytokine signaling box 2) CRL5 (cullin 5 RING E3 ubiquitin ligase) triggers polyubiquitylation and subsequent degradation by the proteasome of FLNs (filamins). Here, we investigate the role of Asb2α in heart development and its mechanisms of action. METHODS AND RESULTS Using Asb2 knockout embryos, we show that Asb2 is an essential gene, critical to heart morphogenesis and function, although its loss does not interfere with the overall patterning of the embryonic heart tube. We show that the Asb2α E3 ubiquitin ligase controls Flna stability in immature cardiomyocytes. Importantly, Asb2α-mediated degradation of the actin-binding protein Flna marks a previously unrecognized intermediate step in cardiac cell differentiation characterized by cell shape changes and actin cytoskeleton remodeling. We further establish that in the absence of Asb2α, myofibrils are disorganized and that heartbeats are inefficient, leading to embryonic lethality in mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify Asb2α as an unsuspected key regulator of cardiac cell differentiation and shed light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms determining the onset of myocardial cell architecture and its link with early cardiac function. Although Flna is known to play roles in cytoskeleton organization and to be required for heart function, this study now reveals that its degradation mediated by Asb2α ensures essential functions in differentiating cardiac progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Métais
- From the Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France (A. Métais, I.L., A. Melet, S.U.-J., R.P., A.V., A.G.d.P., A.S., O.B.-S., P.G.L., C.M.-L.); CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, France (A. Melet); and Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, France (S.S., S.Z.)
| | - Isabelle Lamsoul
- From the Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France (A. Métais, I.L., A. Melet, S.U.-J., R.P., A.V., A.G.d.P., A.S., O.B.-S., P.G.L., C.M.-L.); CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, France (A. Melet); and Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, France (S.S., S.Z.)
| | - Armelle Melet
- From the Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France (A. Métais, I.L., A. Melet, S.U.-J., R.P., A.V., A.G.d.P., A.S., O.B.-S., P.G.L., C.M.-L.); CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, France (A. Melet); and Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, France (S.S., S.Z.)
| | - Sandrine Uttenweiler-Joseph
- From the Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France (A. Métais, I.L., A. Melet, S.U.-J., R.P., A.V., A.G.d.P., A.S., O.B.-S., P.G.L., C.M.-L.); CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, France (A. Melet); and Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, France (S.S., S.Z.)
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- From the Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France (A. Métais, I.L., A. Melet, S.U.-J., R.P., A.V., A.G.d.P., A.S., O.B.-S., P.G.L., C.M.-L.); CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, France (A. Melet); and Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, France (S.S., S.Z.)
| | - Sonia Stefanovic
- From the Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France (A. Métais, I.L., A. Melet, S.U.-J., R.P., A.V., A.G.d.P., A.S., O.B.-S., P.G.L., C.M.-L.); CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, France (A. Melet); and Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, France (S.S., S.Z.)
| | - Amélie Valière
- From the Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France (A. Métais, I.L., A. Melet, S.U.-J., R.P., A.V., A.G.d.P., A.S., O.B.-S., P.G.L., C.M.-L.); CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, France (A. Melet); and Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, France (S.S., S.Z.)
| | - Anne Gonzalez de Peredo
- From the Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France (A. Métais, I.L., A. Melet, S.U.-J., R.P., A.V., A.G.d.P., A.S., O.B.-S., P.G.L., C.M.-L.); CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, France (A. Melet); and Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, France (S.S., S.Z.)
| | - Alexandre Stella
- From the Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France (A. Métais, I.L., A. Melet, S.U.-J., R.P., A.V., A.G.d.P., A.S., O.B.-S., P.G.L., C.M.-L.); CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, France (A. Melet); and Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, France (S.S., S.Z.)
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- From the Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France (A. Métais, I.L., A. Melet, S.U.-J., R.P., A.V., A.G.d.P., A.S., O.B.-S., P.G.L., C.M.-L.); CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, France (A. Melet); and Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, France (S.S., S.Z.)
| | - Stéphane Zaffran
- From the Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France (A. Métais, I.L., A. Melet, S.U.-J., R.P., A.V., A.G.d.P., A.S., O.B.-S., P.G.L., C.M.-L.); CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, France (A. Melet); and Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, France (S.S., S.Z.)
| | - Pierre G Lutz
- From the Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France (A. Métais, I.L., A. Melet, S.U.-J., R.P., A.V., A.G.d.P., A.S., O.B.-S., P.G.L., C.M.-L.); CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, France (A. Melet); and Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, France (S.S., S.Z.).
| | - Christel Moog-Lutz
- From the Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France (A. Métais, I.L., A. Melet, S.U.-J., R.P., A.V., A.G.d.P., A.S., O.B.-S., P.G.L., C.M.-L.); CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, France (A. Melet); and Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, France (S.S., S.Z.).
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10
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Kinking and Torsion Can Significantly Improve the Efficiency of Valveless Pumping in Periodically Compressed Tubular Conduits. Implications for Understanding of the Form-Function Relationship of Embryonic Heart Tubes. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2017; 4:jcdd4040019. [PMID: 29367548 PMCID: PMC5753120 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd4040019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Valveless pumping phenomena (peristalsis, Liebau-effect) can generate unidirectional fluid flow in periodically compressed tubular conduits. Early embryonic hearts are tubular conduits acting as valveless pumps. It is unclear whether such hearts work as peristaltic or Liebau-effect pumps. During the initial phase of its pumping activity, the originally straight embryonic heart is subjected to deforming forces that produce bending, twisting, kinking, and coiling. This deformation process is called cardiac looping. Its function is traditionally seen as generating a configuration needed for establishment of correct alignments of pulmonary and systemic flow pathways in the mature heart of lung-breathing vertebrates. This idea conflicts with the fact that cardiac looping occurs in all vertebrates, including gill-breathing fishes. We speculate that looping morphogenesis may improve the efficiency of valveless pumping. To test the physical plausibility of this hypothesis, we analyzed the pumping performance of a Liebau-effect pump in straight and looped (kinked) configurations. Compared to the straight configuration, the looped configuration significantly improved the pumping performance of our pump. This shows that looping can improve the efficiency of valveless pumping driven by the Liebau-effect. Further studies are needed to clarify whether this finding may have implications for understanding of the form-function relationship of embryonic hearts.
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11
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A HAND to TBX5 Explains the Link Between Thalidomide and Cardiac Diseases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1416. [PMID: 28469241 PMCID: PMC5431093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the leading cause of death in the first year of life. Mutations only in few genes have been linked to some cases of CHD. Thalidomide was used by pregnant women for morning sickness but was removed from the market because it caused severe malformations including CHDs. We used both in silico docking software, and in vitro molecular and biochemical methods to document a novel interaction involving Thalidomide, TBX5, and HAND2. Thalidomide binds readily to TBX5 through amino acids R81, R82, and K226 all implicated in DNA binding. It reduces TBX5 binding to DNA by 40%, and suppresses TBX5 mediated activation of the NPPA and VEGF promoters by 70%. We documented a novel interaction between TBX5 and HAND2, and showed that a p.G202V HAND2 variant associated with CHD and coronary artery diseases found in a large Lebanese family with high consanguinity, drastically inhibited this interaction by 90%. Similarly, thalidomide inhibited the TBX5/HAND2 physical interaction, and the in silico docking revealed that the same amino acids involved in the interaction of TBX5 with DNA are also involved in its binding to HAND2. Our results establish a HAND2/TBX5 pathway implicated in heart development and diseases.
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12
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Leung MCK, Procter AC, Goldstone JV, Foox J, DeSalle R, Mattingly CJ, Siddall ME, Timme-Laragy AR. Applying evolutionary genetics to developmental toxicology and risk assessment. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 69:174-186. [PMID: 28267574 PMCID: PMC5829367 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary thinking continues to challenge our views on health and disease. Yet, there is a communication gap between evolutionary biologists and toxicologists in recognizing the connections among developmental pathways, high-throughput screening, and birth defects in humans. To increase our capability in identifying potential developmental toxicants in humans, we propose to apply evolutionary genetics to improve the experimental design and data interpretation with various in vitro and whole-organism models. We review five molecular systems of stress response and update 18 consensual cell-cell signaling pathways that are the hallmark for early development, organogenesis, and differentiation; and revisit the principles of teratology in light of recent advances in high-throughput screening, big data techniques, and systems toxicology. Multiscale systems modeling plays an integral role in the evolutionary approach to cross-species extrapolation. Phylogenetic analysis and comparative bioinformatics are both valuable tools in identifying and validating the molecular initiating events that account for adverse developmental outcomes in humans. The discordance of susceptibility between test species and humans (ontogeny) reflects their differences in evolutionary history (phylogeny). This synthesis not only can lead to novel applications in developmental toxicity and risk assessment, but also can pave the way for applying an evo-devo perspective to the study of developmental origins of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell C K Leung
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
| | - Andrew C Procter
- Institute for Advanced Analytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jared V Goldstone
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan Foox
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States
| | - Robert DeSalle
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States
| | - Carolyn J Mattingly
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
| | - Mark E Siddall
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States
| | - Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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13
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Xie HM, Werner P, Stambolian D, Bailey-Wilson JE, Hakonarson H, White PS, Taylor DM, Goldmuntz E. Rare copy number variants in patients with congenital conotruncal heart defects. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:271-295. [PMID: 28398664 PMCID: PMC5407323 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies using different cardiac phenotypes, technologies and designs suggest a burden of large, rare or de novo copy number variants (CNVs) in subjects with congenital heart defects. We sought to identify disease-related CNVs, candidate genes, and functional pathways in a large number of cases with conotruncal and related defects that carried no known genetic syndrome. METHODS Cases and control samples were divided into two cohorts and genotyped to assess each subject's CNV content. Analyses were performed to ascertain differences in overall CNV prevalence and to identify enrichment of specific genes and functional pathways in conotruncal cases relative to healthy controls. RESULTS Only findings present in both cohorts are presented. From 973 total conotruncal cases, a burden of rare CNVs was detected in both cohorts. Candidate genes from rare CNVs found in both cohorts were identified based on their association with cardiac development or disease, and/or their reported disruption in published studies. Functional and pathway analyses revealed significant enrichment of terms involved in either heart or early embryonic development. CONCLUSION Our study tested one of the largest cohorts specifically with cardiac conotruncal and related defects. These results confirm and extend previous findings that CNVs contribute to disease risk for congenital heart defects in general and conotruncal defects in particular. As disease heterogeneity renders identification of single recurrent genes or loci difficult, functional pathway and gene regulation network analyses appear to be more informative. Birth Defects Research 109:271-295, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo M Xie
- The Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Petra Werner
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joan E Bailey-Wilson
- Statistical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter S White
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Deanne M Taylor
- The Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth Goldmuntz
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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14
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Talman V, Ruskoaho H. Cardiac fibrosis in myocardial infarction-from repair and remodeling to regeneration. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:563-81. [PMID: 27324127 PMCID: PMC5010608 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic cell death during a myocardial infarction leads to a multiphase reparative response in which the damaged tissue is replaced with a fibrotic scar produced by fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. This also induces geometrical, biomechanical, and biochemical changes in the uninjured ventricular wall eliciting a reactive remodeling process that includes interstitial and perivascular fibrosis. Although the initial reparative fibrosis is crucial for preventing rupture of the ventricular wall, an exaggerated fibrotic response and reactive fibrosis outside the injured area are detrimental as they lead to progressive impairment of cardiac function and eventually to heart failure. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the mechanisms of both reparative and reactive cardiac fibrosis in response to myocardial infarction, discuss the potential of inducing cardiac regeneration through direct reprogramming of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts into cardiomyocytes, and review the currently available and potential future therapeutic strategies to inhibit cardiac fibrosis. Graphical abstract Reparative response following a myocardial infarction. Hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte death leads to the activation of myofibroblasts and a reparative fibrotic response in the injured area. Right top In adult mammals, the fibrotic scar formed at the infarcted area is permanent and promotes reactive fibrosis in the uninjured myocardium. Right bottom In teleost fish and newts and in embryonic and neonatal mammals, the initial formation of a fibrotic scar is followed by regeneration of the cardiac muscle tissue. Induction of post-infarction cardiac regeneration in adult mammals is currently the target of intensive research and drug discovery attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virpi Talman
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Heikki Ruskoaho
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Kraut B, Maier HJ, Kókai E, Fiedler K, Boettger T, Illing A, Kostin S, Walther P, Braun T, Wirth T. Cardiac-Specific Activation of IKK2 Leads to Defects in Heart Development and Embryonic Lethality. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141591. [PMID: 26539991 PMCID: PMC4634958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB has been associated with a range of pathological conditions of the heart, mainly based on its function as a master regulator of inflammation and pro-survival factor. Here, we addressed the question what effects activation of NF-κB can have during murine heart development. We expressed a constitutively active (CA) mutant of IKK2, the kinase activating canonical NF-κB signaling, specifically in cardiomyocytes under the control of the α-myosin heavy chain promoter. Expression of IKK2-CA resulted in embryonic lethality around E13. Embryos showed defects in compact zone formation and the contractile apparatus, and overall were characterized by widespread inflammation with infiltration of myeloid cells. Gene expression analysis suggested an interferon type I signature, with increased expression of interferon regulatory factors. While apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was only increased at later stages, their proliferation was decreased early on, providing an explanation for the disturbed compact zone formation. Mechanistically, this could be explained by activation of the JAK/STAT axis and increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21. A rescue experiment with an IκBα superrepressor demonstrated that the phenotype was dependent on NF-κB. We conclude that activation of NF-κB is detrimental during normal heart development due to excessive activation of pro-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel Kraut
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Harald J. Maier
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Enikö Kókai
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja Fiedler
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Boettger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Annett Illing
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sawa Kostin
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Paul Walther
- Core Facility Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
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