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Urrutia-Cordero P, Langenheder S, Striebel M, Eklöv P, Angeler DG, Bertilsson S, Csitári B, Hansson LA, Kelpsiene E, Laudon H, Lundgren M, Osman OA, Parkefelt L, Hillebrand H. Functionally reversible impacts of disturbances on lake food webs linked to spatial and seasonal dependencies. Ecology 2021; 102:e03283. [PMID: 33428769 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Increasing human impact on the environment is causing drastic changes in disturbance regimes and how they prevail over time. Of increasing relevance is to further our understanding on biological responses to pulse disturbances (short duration) and how they interact with other ongoing press disturbances (constantly present). Because the temporal and spatial contexts of single experiments often limit our ability to generalize results across space and time, we conducted a modularized mesocosm experiment replicated in space (five lakes along a latitudinal gradient in Scandinavia) and time (two seasons, spring and summer) to generate general predictions on how the functioning and composition of multitrophic plankton communities (zoo-, phyto- and bacterioplankton) respond to pulse disturbances acting either in isolation or combined with press disturbances. As pulse disturbance, we used short-term changes in fish presence, and as press disturbance, we addressed the ongoing reduction in light availability caused by increased cloudiness and lake browning in many boreal and subarctic lakes. First, our results show that the top-down pulse disturbance had the strongest effects on both functioning and composition of the three trophic levels across sites and seasons, with signs for interactive impacts with the bottom-up press disturbance on phytoplankton communities. Second, community composition responses to disturbances were highly divergent between lakes and seasons: temporal accumulated community turnover of the same trophic level either increased (destabilization) or decreased (stabilization) in response to the disturbances compared to control conditions. Third, we found functional recovery from the pulse disturbances to be frequent at the end of most experiments. In a broader context, these results demonstrate that top-down, pulse disturbances, either alone or with additional constant stress upon primary producers caused by bottom-up disturbances, can induce profound but often functionally reversible changes across multiple trophic levels, which are strongly linked to spatial and temporal context dependencies. Furthermore, the identified dichotomy of disturbance effects on the turnover in community composition demonstrates the potential of disturbances to either stabilize or destabilize biodiversity patterns over time across a wide range of environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Urrutia-Cordero
- Limnology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala, Sweden.,Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, Oldenburg, 26129, Germany.,Institute for Chemistry and Biology of Marine Environments (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, Wilhelmshaven, 26382, Germany
| | - Silke Langenheder
- Limnology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maren Striebel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of Marine Environments (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, Wilhelmshaven, 26382, Germany
| | - Peter Eklöv
- Limnology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David G Angeler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Stefan Bertilsson
- Limnology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Bianka Csitári
- Limnology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/c., Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Lars-Anders Hansson
- Department of Biology/Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, SE-223 62, Sweden
| | - Egle Kelpsiene
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Laudon
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Maria Lundgren
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Unit for Field-based Forest Research, Asa Research Station, Lammhult, SE-363 94, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, SE-391 82, Sweden
| | - Omneya Ahmed Osman
- Limnology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Helmut Hillebrand
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, Oldenburg, 26129, Germany.,Institute for Chemistry and Biology of Marine Environments (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, Wilhelmshaven, 26382, Germany.,Aldfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven, Germany
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Tobias-Hünefeldt SP, Wing SR, Espinel-Velasco N, Baltar F, Morales SE. Depth and location influence prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial community structure in New Zealand fjords. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 693:133507. [PMID: 31377366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Systems with strong horizontal and vertical gradients, such as fjords, are useful models for studying environmental forcing. Here we examine microbial (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) community changes associated with the surface low salinity layer (LSL) and underlying seawater in multiple fjords in Fiordland National Park (New Zealand). High rainfall (1200-8000 mm annually) and linked runoff from native forested catchments results in surface LSLs with high tannin concentrations within each fjord. These gradients are expected to drive changes in microbial communities. We used amplicon sequencing (16S and 18S) to assess the impact of these gradients on microbial communities and identified depth linked changes in diversity and community structure. With increasing depth, we observed significant increases in Proteobacteria (15%) and SAR (37%), decreases in Opisthokonta (35%), and transiently increased Bacteroidetes (3% increase from 0 to 40 m, decreasing by 8% at 200 m). Community structure differences were observed along a transect from the head to the mouth, specifically 25% mean relative abundance decreases in Opisthokonta and Bacteroidetes, and increases in SAR (25%) and Proteobacteria (>5%) at the surface, indicating changes based on distance from the ocean. This provides the first in-depth view into the ecological drivers of microbial communities within New Zealand fjords.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven P Tobias-Hünefeldt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Stephen R Wing
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | | | - Federico Baltar
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Department of Limnology and Oceanography, Division of Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sergio E Morales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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Limberger R, Birtel J, Peter H, Catalán N, da Silva Farias D, Best RJ, Brodersen J, Bürgmann H, Matthews B. Predator-induced changes in dissolved organic carbon dynamics. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Romana Limberger
- Eawag, Dept of Aquatic Ecology; Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum Switzerland
- Research Dept for Limnology, Univ. of Innsbruck; Mondsee Austria
| | - Julia Birtel
- Eawag, Dept of Aquatic Ecology; Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Hannes Peter
- Stream Biofilm and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
- Inst. of Ecology, Univ. of Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Núria Catalán
- ICRA, Catalan Inst. for Water Research; Girona Spain
| | | | - Rebecca J. Best
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability; Northern Arizona University USA
| | - Jakob Brodersen
- Eawag, Dept of Fish Ecology and Evolution; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | | | - Blake Matthews
- Eawag, Dept of Aquatic Ecology; Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum Switzerland
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Sullam KE, Matthews B, Aebischer T, Seehausen O, Bürgmann H. The effect of top-predator presence and phenotype on aquatic microbial communities. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1572-1582. [PMID: 28261466 PMCID: PMC5330871 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of predators can impact a variety of organisms within the ecosystem, including microorganisms. Because the effects of fish predators and their phenotypic differences on microbial communities have not received much attention, we tested how the presence/absence, genotype, and plasticity of the predatory three‐spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) influence aquatic microbes in outdoor mesocosms. We reared lake and stream stickleback genotypes on contrasting food resources to adulthood, and then added them to aquatic mesocosm ecosystems to assess their impact on the planktonic bacterial community. We also investigated whether the effects of fish persisted following the removal of adults, and the subsequent addition of a homogenous juvenile fish population. The presence of adult stickleback increased the number of bacterial OTUs and altered the size structure of the microbial community, whereas their phenotype affected bacterial community composition. Some of these effects were detectable after adult fish were removed from the mesocosms, and after juvenile fish were placed in the tanks, most of these effects disappeared. Our results suggest that fish can have strong short‐term effects on microbial communities that are partially mediated by phenotypic variation of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Sullam
- Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Zoological Institute University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Eawag Aquatic Ecology Department Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Thierry Aebischer
- Eawag Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Institute of Ecology & Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland; Department of Biology University of Fribourg Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Eawag Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Institute of Ecology & Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Helmut Bürgmann
- Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland
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