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Servetto N, Ruiz MB, Martínez M, Harms L, de Aranzamendi MC, Alurralde G, Giménez D, Abele D, Held C, Sahade R. Molecular responses to ocean acidification in an Antarctic bivalve and an ascidian. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166577. [PMID: 37633374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Southern Ocean organisms are considered particularly vulnerable to Ocean acidification (OA), as they inhabit cold waters where calcite-aragonite saturation states are naturally low. It is also generally assumed that OA would affect calcifying animals more than non-calcifying animals. In this context, we aimed to study the impact of reduced pH on both types of species: the ascidian Cnemidocarpa verrucosa sp. A, and the bivalve Aequiyoldia eightsii, from an Antarctic fjord. We used gene expression profiling and enzyme activity to study the responses of these two Antarctic benthic species to OA. We report the results of an experiment lasting 66 days, comparing the molecular mechanisms underlying responses under two pCO2 treatments (ambient and elevated pCO2). We observed 224 up-regulated and 111 down-regulated genes (FC ≥ 2; p-value ≤ 0.05) in the ascidian. In particular, the decrease in pH caused an upregulation of genes involved in the immune system and antioxidant response. While fewer differentially expressed (DE) genes were observed in the infaunal bivalve, 34 genes were up-regulated, and 69 genes were downregulated (FC ≥ 2; p-value ≤ 0.05) in response to OA. We found downregulated genes involved in the oxidoreductase pathway (such as glucose dehydrogenase and trimethyl lysine dioxygenase), while the heat shock protein 70 was up-regulated. This work addresses the effect of OA in two common, widely distributed Antarctic species, showing striking results. Our major finding highlights the impact of OA on the non-calcifying species, a result that differ from the general trend, which describes a higher impact on calcifying species. This calls for discussion of potential effects on non-calcifying species, such as ascidians, a diverse and abundant group that form extended three-dimensional clusters in shallow waters and shelf areas in the Southern Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Servetto
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES-IDEA), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - M B Ruiz
- Alfred Wegener Institute - Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen, 12 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Martínez
- Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - L Harms
- Alfred Wegener Institute - Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen, 12 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - M C de Aranzamendi
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES-IDEA), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina
| | - G Alurralde
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission HELCOM, Helsinki FI-00160, Finland
| | - D Giménez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES-IDEA), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina
| | - D Abele
- Alfred Wegener Institute - Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen, 12 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - C Held
- Alfred Wegener Institute - Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen, 12 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - R Sahade
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES-IDEA), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina.
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Li P, Mei J, Xie J. The regulation of carbon dioxide on food microorganisms: A review. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113170. [PMID: 37689923 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
This review presents a survey of two extremely important technologies about CO2 with the effectiveness of controlling microorganisms - atmospheric pressure CO2-based modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and high pressure CO2 non-thermal pasteurization (HPCD). CO2-based MAP is effectively in delaying the lag and logarithmic phases of microorganisms by replacing the surrounding air, while HPCD achieved sterilization by subjecting food to either subcritical or supercritical CO2 for some time in a continuous, batch or semi-batch way. In addition to the advantages of healthy, eco-friendly, quality-preserving, effective characteristic, some challenges such as the high drip loss and packaging collapse associated with higher concentration of CO2, the fuzzy mechanisms of oxidative stress, the unproven specific metabolic pathways and biomarkers, etc., in CO2-based MAP, and the unavoidable extraction of bioactive compounds, the challenging application in solid foods with higher efficiency, the difficult balance between optimal sterilization and optimal food quality, etc., in HPCD still need more efforts to overcome. The action mechanism of CO2 on microorganisms, researches in recent years, problems and future perspectives are summarized. When dissolved in solution medium or cellular fluids, CO2 can form carbonic acid (H2CO3), and H2CO3 can further dissociate into bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), carbonate (CO32-) and hydrogen cations (H+) ionic species following series equilibria. The action mode of CO2 on microorganisms may be relevant to changes in intracellular pH, alteration of proteins, enzyme structure and function, alteration of cell membrane function and fluidity, and so on. Nevertheless, the effects of CO2 on microbial biofilms, energy metabolism, protein and gene expression also need to be explored more extensively and deeply to further understand the action mechanism of CO2 on microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyun Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jun Mei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116034, China.
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RNAi Silencing of the Biomineralization Gene Perlucin Impairs Oyster Ability to Cope with Ocean Acidification. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043661. [PMID: 36835072 PMCID: PMC9961701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcifying marine organisms, including the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), are vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA) because it is more difficult to precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Previous investigations of the molecular mechanisms associated with resilience to OA in C. virginica demonstrated significant differences in single nucleotide polymorphism and gene expression profiles among oysters reared under ambient and OA conditions. Converged evidence generated by both of these approaches highlighted the role of genes related to biomineralization, including perlucins. Here, gene silencing via RNA interference (RNAi) was used to evaluate the protective role of a perlucin gene under OA stress. Larvae were exposed to short dicer-substrate small interfering RNA (DsiRNA-perlucin) to silence the target gene or to one of two control treatments (control DsiRNA or seawater) before cultivation under OA (pH ~7.3) or ambient (pH ~8.2) conditions. Two transfection experiments were performed in parallel, one during fertilization and one during early larval development (6 h post-fertilization), before larval viability, size, development, and shell mineralization were monitored. Silenced oysters under acidification stress were the smallest, had shell abnormalities, and had significantly reduced shell mineralization, thereby suggesting that perlucin significantly helps larvae mitigate the effects of OA.
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Ocean acidification causes fundamental changes in the cellular metabolism of the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis as detected by metabolomic analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22223. [PMID: 36564436 PMCID: PMC9789029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a targeted metabolomic approach we investigated the effects of low seawater pH on energy metabolism in two late copepodite stages (CIV and CV) of the keystone Arctic copepod species Calanus glacialis. Exposure to decreasing seawater pH (from 8.0 to 7.0) caused increased ATP, ADP and NAD+ and decreased AMP concentrations in stage CIV, and increased ATP and phospho-L-arginine and decreased AMP concentrations in stage CV. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed enrichment of the TCA cycle and a range of amino acid metabolic pathways in both stages. Concentrations of lactate, malate, fumarate and alpha-ketoglutarate (all involved in the TCA cycle) increased in stage CIV, whereas only alpha-ketoglutarate increased in stage CV. Based on the pattern of concentration changes in glucose, pyruvate, TCA cycle metabolites, and free amino acids, we hypothesise that ocean acidification will lead to a shift in energy production from carbohydrate metabolism in the glycolysis toward amino acid metabolism in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in stage CIV. In stage CV, concentrations of most of the analysed free fatty acids increased, suggesting in particular that ocean acidification increases the metabolism of stored wax esters in this stage. Moreover, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis was enriched in both stages indicating increased enzyme production to handle low pH stress.
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Deconinck A, Willett CS. Hypoxia tolerance, but not low pH tolerance, is associated with a latitudinal cline across populations of Tigriopus californicus. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276635. [PMID: 36301968 PMCID: PMC9612455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intertidal organisms must tolerate daily fluctuations in environmental parameters, and repeated exposure to co-occurring conditions may result in tolerance to multiple stressors correlating. The intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus experiences diurnal variation in dissolved oxygen levels and pH as the opposing processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration lead to coordinated highs during the day and lows at night. While environmental parameters with overlapping spatial gradients frequently result in correlated traits, less attention has been given to exploring temporally correlated stressors. We investigated whether hypoxia tolerance correlates with low pH tolerance by separately testing the hypoxia and low pH stress tolerance separately of 6 genetically differentiated populations of T. californicus. We independently checked for similarities in tolerance for each of the two stressors by latitude, sex, size, and time since collection as predictors. We found that although hypoxia tolerance correlated with latitude, low pH tolerance did not, and no predictor was significant for both stressors. We concluded that temporally coordinated exposure to low pH and low oxygen did not result in populations developing equivalent tolerance for both. Although climate change alters several environmental variables simultaneously, organisms' abilities to tolerate these changes may not be similarly coupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Deconinck
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Christopher S. Willett
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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Kumar A, Nonnis S, Castellano I, AbdElgawad H, Beemster GTS, Buia MC, Maffioli E, Tedeschi G, Palumbo A. Molecular response of Sargassum vulgare to acidification at volcanic CO 2 vents: Insights from proteomic and metabolite analyses. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:3844-3858. [PMID: 35635253 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ocean acidification is impacting marine life all over the world. Understanding how species can cope with the changes in seawater carbonate chemistry represents a challenging issue. We addressed this topic using underwater CO2 vents that naturally acidify some marine areas off the island of Ischia. In the most acidified area of the vents, having a mean pH value of 6.7, comparable to far-future predicted acidification scenarios (by 2300), the biomass is dominated by the brown alga Sargassum vulgare. The novelty of the present study is the characterization of the S. vulgare proteome together with metabolite analyses to identify the key proteins, metabolites, and pathways affected by ocean acidification. A total of 367 and 387 proteins were identified in populations grown at pH that approximates the current global average (8.1) and acidified sites, respectively. Analysis of their relative abundance revealed that 304 proteins are present in samples from both sites: 111 proteins are either higher or exclusively present under acidified conditions, whereas 120 proteins are either lower or present only under control conditions. Functionally, under acidification, a decrease in proteins related to translation and post-translational processes and an increase of proteins involved in photosynthesis, glycolysis, oxidation-reduction processes, and protein folding were observed. In addition, small-molecule metabolism was affected, leading to a decrease of some fatty acids and antioxidant compounds under acidification. Overall, the results obtained by proteins and metabolites analyses, integrated with previous transcriptomic, physiological, and biochemical studies, allowed us to delineate the molecular strategies adopted by S. vulgare to grow in future acidified environments, including an increase of proteins involved in energetic metabolism, oxidation-reduction processes, and protein folding at the expense of proteins involved in translation and post-translational processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Marine Research Center, Naples, Italy
- Centre for Climate Change Studies, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Simona Nonnis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- CRC "Innovation for well-being and environment" (I-WE), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Immacolata Castellano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research Group (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research Group (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Cristina Buia
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Marine Research Center, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Maffioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- CRC "Innovation for well-being and environment" (I-WE), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Palumbo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Naples, Italy
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Cohen-Rengifo M, Danion M, Gonzalez AA, Bégout ML, Cormier A, Noël C, Cabon J, Vitré T, Mark FC, Mazurais D. The extensive transgenerational transcriptomic effects of ocean acidification on the olfactory epithelium of a marine fish are associated with a better viral resistance. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:448. [PMID: 35710351 PMCID: PMC9204966 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08647-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Progressive CO2-induced ocean acidification (OA) impacts marine life in ways that are difficult to predict but are likely to become exacerbated over generations. Although marine fishes can balance acid–base homeostasis efficiently, indirect ionic regulation that alter neurosensory systems can result in behavioural abnormalities. In marine invertebrates, OA can also affect immune system function, but whether this is the case in marine fishes is not fully understood. Farmed fish are highly susceptible to disease outbreak, yet strategies for overcoming such threats in the wake of OA are wanting. Here, we exposed two generations of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) to end-of-century predicted pH levels (IPCC RCP8.5), with parents (F1) being exposed for four years and their offspring (F2) for 18 months. Our design included a transcriptomic analysis of the olfactory rosette (collected from the F2) and a viral challenge (exposing F2 to betanodavirus) where we assessed survival rates. Results We discovered transcriptomic trade-offs in both sensory and immune systems after long-term transgenerational exposure to OA. Specifically, RNA-Seq analysis of the olfactory rosette, the peripheral olfactory organ, from 18-months-old F2 revealed extensive regulation in genes involved in ion transport and neuronal signalling, including GABAergic signalling. We also detected OA-induced up-regulation of genes associated with odour transduction, synaptic plasticity, neuron excitability and wiring and down-regulation of genes involved in energy metabolism. Furthermore, OA-exposure induced up-regulation of genes involved in innate antiviral immunity (pathogen recognition receptors and interferon-stimulated genes) in combination with down-regulation of the protein biosynthetic machinery. Consistently, OA-exposed F2 challenged with betanodavirus, which causes damage to the nervous system of marine fish, had acquired improved resistance. Conclusion F2 exposed to long-term transgenerational OA acclimation showed superior viral resistance, though as their metabolic and odour transduction programs were altered, odour-mediated behaviours might be consequently impacted. Although it is difficult to unveil how long-term OA impacts propagated between generations, our results reveal that, across generations, trade-offs in plastic responses is a core feature of the olfactory epithelium transcriptome in OA-exposed F2 offspring, and will have important consequences for how cultured and wild fish interacts with its environment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08647-w.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgane Danion
- Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Fish Viral Pathology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Anne-Alicia Gonzalez
- MGX, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Biocampus Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Laure Bégout
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, 34250, Palavas-les-Flots, IRD, France
| | | | - Cyril Noël
- IFREMER, SEBIMER, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Joëlle Cabon
- Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Fish Viral Pathology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Felix C Mark
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
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Li J, Zhou Y, Qin Y, Wei J, Shigong P, Ma H, Li Y, Yuan X, Zhao L, Yan H, Zhang Y, Yu Z. Assessment of the juvenile vulnerability of symbiont-bearing giant clams to ocean acidification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152265. [PMID: 34902424 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) severely affects marine bivalves, especially their calcification processes. However, very little is known about the fate of symbiont-bearing giant clams in the acidified oceans, which hinders our ability to develop strategies to protect this ecologically and economically important group in coral reef ecosystems. Here, we explored the integrated juvenile responses of fluted giant clam Tridacna squamosa (Lamarck, 1819) to acidified seawater at different levels of biological organization. Our results revealed that OA did not cause a significant reduction in survival and shell growth performance, indicating that T. squamosa juveniles are tolerated to moderate acidification. Yet, significantly reduced net calcification rate demonstrated the calcifying physiology sensitivity to OA, in line with significant declines in symbiont photosynthetic yield and zooxanthellae density which in turn lowered the amount of energy supply for energetically expensive calcification processes. Subsequent transcriptome sequencing and comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that the regulation of calcification processes, such as transport of calcification substrates, acid-base regulation, synthesis of organic matrix in the calcifying fluid, as well as metabolic depression were the major response to OA. Taken together, the integration of physiological and molecular responses can provide a comprehensive understanding of how the early life history stages of giant clams respond to OA and make an important leap forward in assessing their fate under future ocean conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Yinyin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Yanpin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Jinkuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Pengyang Shigong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Yunqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Xiangcheng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Liqiang Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yuehuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572024, China.
| | - Ziniu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572024, China.
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Brennan RS, deMayo JA, Dam HG, Finiguerra MB, Baumann H, Pespeni MH. Loss of transcriptional plasticity but sustained adaptive capacity after adaptation to global change conditions in a marine copepod. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1147. [PMID: 35241657 PMCID: PMC8894427 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity will fuel resilience in the geologically unprecedented warming and acidification of the earth’s oceans, however, we have much to learn about the interactions and costs of these mechanisms of resilience. Here, using 20 generations of experimental evolution followed by three generations of reciprocal transplants, we investigated the relationship between adaptation and plasticity in the marine copepod, Acartia tonsa, in future global change conditions (high temperature and high CO2). We found parallel adaptation to global change conditions in genes related to stress response, gene expression regulation, actin regulation, developmental processes, and energy production. However, reciprocal transplantation showed that adaptation resulted in a loss of transcriptional plasticity, reduced fecundity, and reduced population growth when global change-adapted animals were returned to ambient conditions or reared in low food conditions. However, after three successive transplant generations, global change-adapted animals were able to match the ambient-adaptive transcriptional profile. Concurrent changes in allele frequencies and erosion of nucleotide diversity suggest that this recovery occurred via adaptation back to ancestral conditions. These results demonstrate that while plasticity facilitated initial survival in global change conditions, it eroded after 20 generations as populations adapted, limiting resilience to new stressors and previously benign environments. Rapid adaptation will facilitate species resilience under global climate change, but its effects on plasticity are less commonly investigated. This study shows that 20 generations of experimental adaptation in a marine copepod drives a rapid loss of plasticity that carries costs and might have impacts on future resilience to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid S Brennan
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. .,Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - James A deMayo
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Hans G Dam
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Michael B Finiguerra
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Hannes Baumann
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA
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10
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Lizano AM, Smolina I, Choquet M, Kopp M, Hoarau G. Insights into the species evolution of Calanus copepods in the northern seas revealed by de novo transcriptome sequencing. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8606. [PMID: 35228861 PMCID: PMC8861592 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Copepods of the zooplankton genus Calanus play a key role in marine ecosystems in the northern seas. Although being among the most studied organisms on Earth, due to their ecological importance, genomic resources for Calanus spp. remain scarce, mostly due to their large genome size (from 6 to 12 Gbps). As an alternative to whole-genome sequencing in Calanus spp., we sequenced and de novo assembled transcriptomes of five Calanus species: Calanus glacialis, C. hyperboreus, C. marshallae, C. pacificus, and C. helgolandicus. Functional assignment of protein families based on clusters of orthologous genes (COG) and gene ontology (GO) annotations showed analogous patterns of protein functions across species. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood (ML) of 191 protein-coding genes mined from RNA-seq data fully resolved evolutionary relationships among seven Calanus species investigated (five species sequenced for this study and two species with published datasets), with gene and site concordance factors showing that 109 out of 191 protein-coding genes support a separation between three groups: the C. finmarchicus group (including C. finmarchicus, C. glacialis, and C. marshallae), the C. helgolandicus group (including C. helgolandicus, C. sinicus, and C. pacificus) and the monophyletic C. hyperboreus group. The tree topology obtained in ML analyses was similar to a previously proposed phylogeny based on morphological criteria and cleared certain ambiguities from past studies on evolutionary relationships among Calanus species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina Smolina
- Faculty of Biosciences and AquacultureNord UniversityBodøNorway
| | - Marvin Choquet
- Faculty of Biosciences and AquacultureNord UniversityBodøNorway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Martina Kopp
- Faculty of Biosciences and AquacultureNord UniversityBodøNorway
| | - Galice Hoarau
- Faculty of Biosciences and AquacultureNord UniversityBodøNorway
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11
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Barrick A, Laroche O, Boundy M, Pearman JK, Wiles T, Butler J, Pochon X, Smith KF, Tremblay LA. First transcriptome of the copepod Gladioferens pectinatus subjected to chronic contaminant exposures. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 243:106069. [PMID: 34968986 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants are often at low concentrations in ecosystems and their effects on exposed organisms can occur over long periods of time and across multiple generations. Alterations to subcellular mechanistic pathways in response to exposure to contaminants can provide insights into mechanisms of toxicity that methods measuring higher levels of biological may miss. Analysis of the whole transcriptome can identify novel mechanisms of action leading to impacts in exposed biota. The aim of this study was to characterise how exposures to copper, benzophenone and diclofenac across multiple generations altered molecular expression pathways in the marine copepod Gladioferens pectinatus. Results of the study demonstrated differential gene expression was observed in cultures exposure to diclofenac (569), copper (449) and benzophenone (59). Pathways linked to stress, growth, cellular and metabolic processes were altered by exposure to all three contaminants with genes associated with oxidative stress and xenobiotic regulation also impacted. Protein kinase functioning, cytochrome P450, transcription, skeletal muscle contraction/relaxation, mitochondrial phosphate translocator, protein synthesis and mitochondrial methylation were all differentially expressed with all three chemicals. The results of the study also suggested that using dimethyl sulfoxide as a dispersant influenced the transcriptome and future research may want to investigate it's use in molecular studies. Data generated in this study provides a first look at transcriptomic response of G. pectinatus exposed to contaminants across multiple generations, future research is needed to validate the identified biomarkers and link these results to apical responses such as population growth to demonstrate the predictive capacity of molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Barrick
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand.
| | - Olivier Laroche
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | - Michael Boundy
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | - John K Pearman
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | - Tanja Wiles
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | - Juliette Butler
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | - Xavier Pochon
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand; Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kirsty F Smith
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Louis A Tremblay
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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12
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Kadiene EU, Ouddane B, Gong HY, Hwang JS, Souissi S. Multigenerational study of life history traits, bioaccumulation, and molecular responses of Pseudodiaptomus annandalei to cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113171. [PMID: 34999339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal pollution provide a substantial challenge for environmental health. This study investigated the multigeneration effects of cadmium on populations of the copepod species Pseudodiaptomus annandalei, exposed to a sublethal concentration, 40 µg/L of cadmium (Cd), over 10 generations. At the end of each generation, copepod individuals were collected to estimate fecundity, bioaccumulation, and real time qPCR quantification of selected differentially expressed genes to evaluate Cd effects and sex-specific responses of copepods across multiple generations. Our results revealed a sex-specific accumulation of Cd integrating 10 successive generations. The concentration of Cd was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in males than in females. We also observed a generational increase in Cd accumulation. Fecundity increased, with the exception of the first generation, possibly as a compensation for a decrease of copepod population size under Cd exposure. Protein expression of copepods exposed to Cd occurred in a sex-specific manner. Hemerythrin was mostly up-regulated in both copepod sexes exposed to Cd with males having the highest expression levels, while heat shock protein 70 was mostly up-regulated in males and down-regulated in female copepods, both exposed to Cd. Although copepods are known to develop adaptive mechanisms to tolerate toxic chemicals, continuous exposure to metals could lead to the bioaccumulation of metals in their offspring through maternal transfer and direct uptake from the medium over several generations. As a consequence, increased metal concentrations in copepods could result in physiological damage, reducing their fitness, and possibly compromise copepod population structures. This study showed that mortality, life history traits and molecular responses of a copepod species provided important toxicological endpoints and bio-markers for environmental risk assessments. Environmental pressure resulting from continuous exposure to persistent pollutants like Cd, could have evolutionary significance. The tendency for copepods to selectively adapt to a toxic environment through modifications, could increase their chance of survival over a long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther U Kadiene
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station Marine de Wimereux, F-59000 Lille, France; Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224 Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- Université de Lille, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, Laboratoire LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Hong-Yi Gong
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224 Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station Marine de Wimereux, F-59000 Lille, France.
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13
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Aluru N, Fields DM, Shema S, Skiftesvik AB, Browman HI. Gene expression and epigenetic responses of the marine Cladoceran, Evadne nordmanni, and the copepod, Acartia clausi, to elevated CO 2. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:16776-16785. [PMID: 34938472 PMCID: PMC8668794 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the capacity of marine organisms to adapt to climate change related drivers (e.g., pCO2 and temperature), and the possible rate of this adaptation, is required to assess their resilience (or lack thereof) to these drivers. Several studies have hypothesized that epigenetic markers such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNAs, act as drivers of adaptation in marine organisms, especially corals. However, this hypothesis has not been tested in zooplankton, a keystone organism in marine food webs. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that acute ocean acidification (OA) exposure alters DNA methylation in two zooplanktonic species-copepods (Acartia clausii) and cladocerans (Evadne nordmanii). We exposed these two species to near-future OA conditions (400 and 900 ppm pCO2) for 24 h and assessed transcriptional and DNA methylation patterns using RNA sequencing and Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS). OA exposure caused differential expression of genes associated with energy metabolism, cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix functions, hypoxia and one-carbon metabolism. Similarly, OA exposure also caused altered DNA methylation patterns in both species but the effect of these changes on gene expression and physiological effects remains to be determined. The results from this study form the basis for studies investigating the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in OA induced phenotypic plasticity and/or adaptive responses in zooplanktonic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakanteswar Aluru
- Biology DepartmentWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods HoleMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Steven Shema
- Institute of Marine ResearchAustevoll Research Station, Ecosystem Acoustics GroupStorebøNorway
| | - Anne Berit Skiftesvik
- Institute of Marine ResearchAustevoll Research Station, Ecosystem Acoustics GroupStorebøNorway
| | - Howard I. Browman
- Institute of Marine ResearchAustevoll Research Station, Ecosystem Acoustics GroupStorebøNorway
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14
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Halsband C, Dix MF, Sperre KH, Reinardy HC. Reduced pH increases mortality and genotoxicity in an Arctic coastal copepod, Acartia longiremis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 239:105961. [PMID: 34517224 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates DNA damage and mortality in an Arctic marine copepod after long-term exposure to lowered pH. Acartia longiremis were collected from northern Norway and incubated in ambient pH 8.1, and reduced pH 7.6 and 7.2 over 3-4 weeks. Cumulative mortality was significantly elevated in the lowered pH treatments in all exposures. The fluorescence-based fast micromethod for analysis of DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites was modified for use on crustaceous zooplankton. DNA damage initially increased in the lowered pH treatments, decreasing after >14 days, and DNA damage was significantly higher in lowered pH conditions. This method is ideal for investigating oxidative stress and genotoxicity response to low pH in Arctic marine copepods exposed to future ocean acidification conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mascha F Dix
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, PA37 1QA, Dunstaffnage, UK
| | | | - Helena C Reinardy
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, PA37 1QA, Dunstaffnage, UK; University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway.
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15
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Wall-Palmer D, Mekkes L, Ramos-Silva P, Dämmer LK, Goetze E, Bakker K, Duijm E, Peijnenburg KTCA. The impacts of past, present and future ocean chemistry on predatory planktonic snails. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:202265. [PMID: 34386247 PMCID: PMC8334855 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.202265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The atlantid heteropods represent the only predatory, aragonite shelled zooplankton. Atlantid shell production is likely to be sensitive to ocean acidification (OA), and yet we know little about their mechanisms of calcification, or their response to changing ocean chemistry. Here, we present the first study into calcification and gene expression effects of short-term OA exposure on juvenile atlantids across three pH scenarios: mid-1960s, ambient and 2050 conditions. Calcification and gene expression indicate a distinct response to each treatment. Shell extension and shell volume were reduced from the mid-1960s to ambient conditions, suggesting that calcification is already limited in today's South Atlantic. However, shell extension increased from ambient to 2050 conditions. Genes involved in protein synthesis were consistently upregulated, whereas genes involved in organismal development were downregulated with decreasing pH. Biomineralization genes were upregulated in the mid-1960s and 2050 conditions, suggesting that any deviation from ambient carbonate chemistry causes stress, resulting in rapid shell growth. We conclude that atlantid calcification is likely to be negatively affected by future OA. However, we also found that plentiful food increased shell extension and shell thickness, and so synergistic factors are likely to impact the resilience of atlantids in an acidifying ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Wall-Palmer
- Plankton Diversity and Evolution, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette Mekkes
- Plankton Diversity and Evolution, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paula Ramos-Silva
- Plankton Diversity and Evolution, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Linda K. Dämmer
- Department of Ocean Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Texel, The Netherlands
- Environmental Geology, Department of Geology, Institute of Geosciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Erica Goetze
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Karel Bakker
- Department of Ocean Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Elza Duijm
- Plankton Diversity and Evolution, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katja T. C. A. Peijnenburg
- Plankton Diversity and Evolution, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Engström-Öst J, Kanerva M, Vuori K, Riebesell U, Spisla C, Glippa O. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defence responses in two marine copepods in a high CO 2 experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:140600. [PMID: 32717595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We collected samples for oxidative stress and antioxidants in a high CO2 mesocosm experiment for two weeks, focussing on two common crustacean copepods Calanus finmarchicus and Temora longicornis. The samples were collected during a field experiment campaign studying responses of plankton communities to future ocean acidification (OA), off the Norwegian coast south of Bergen. The main results showed that there were species-specific differences between Temora and Calanus, especially in antioxidant defences (glutathione system) and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation and reduced:oxidised glutathione ratio). Regular monitoring of chlorophyll a and jellyfish abundances taking place during the field campaign revealed that both chl a and predators may have affected the eco-physiological response. Antioxidant and oxidative stress levels are known to respond sensitively to both the food quality and quantity and the predator pressure, apart from environmental (i.e., abiotic) changes. Calanus was more robust towards OA, perhaps due to its high tolerance to a wide range of vertical physical-chemical conditions. Both top-down and bottom-up factors seem to play a role for the outcome of copepod responses to future ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirella Kanerva
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, JP-790-8577 Matsuyama, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kristiina Vuori
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulf Riebesell
- Geomar Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, DE-24148 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Carsten Spisla
- Geomar Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, DE-24148 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Olivier Glippa
- Novia University of Applied Sciences, FI-10600 Ekenäs, Finland
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17
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Kadiene EU, Ouddane B, Gong HY, Kim MS, Lee JS, Pan YJ, Hwang JS, Souissi S. Differential gene expression profile of male and female copepods in response to cadmium exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 204:111048. [PMID: 32758697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the whole transcriptome and sex-specific differential gene expression of the copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei exposed to cadmium (Cd) were investigated. P. annandalei were exposed to 40 μg/L Cd from the naupliar stage to male and female adults. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed with copepod samples using an Illumina Hiseq™ 2000 platform. TransDecoder analysis found 32,625 putative open reading frame contigs. At p-values of <0.001, a total of 4756 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (2216 up-regulated and 2540 down-regulated genes) were found in male copepods. Whereas a total of 2879 DEGs (2007 up-regulated and 872 down-regulated genes) were found in female copepods. A few selected cellular stress response genes, involved in xenobiotic metabolism, energy metabolism, growth, and development as a result of Cd exposure in the copepods were discussed. The study showed that most of these processes were changed in a sex-specific manner, accounting for the different sensitivities of male and female copepods. Results suggest and reinforce that sex is an important factor to be considered in ecotoxicogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther U Kadiene
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire D'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000, Lille, France; Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- Université de Lille, Equipe Physico-Chimie de L'Environnement, Laboratoire LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, 59655, Villeneuve D'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Hong-Yi Gong
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Min-Sub Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Yen-Ju Pan
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire D'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000, Lille, France; Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire D'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000, Lille, France.
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18
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Johnson KM, Hofmann GE. Combined stress of ocean acidification and warming influence survival and drives differential gene expression patterns in the Antarctic pteropod, Limacina helicina antarctica. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 8:coaa013. [PMID: 32257214 PMCID: PMC7098371 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ecologically important thecosome pteropods in the Limacina spp. complex have recently been the focus of studies examining the impacts global change factors - e.g., ocean acidification (OA) and ocean warming (OW) - on their performance and physiology. This focus is driven by conservation concerns where the health of pteropod populations is threatened by the high susceptibility of their shells to dissolution in low aragonite saturation states associated with OA and how coupling of these stressors may push pteropods past the limits of physiological plasticity. In this manipulation experiment, we describe changes in the transcriptome of the Antarctic pteropod, Limacina helicina antarctica, to these combined stressors. The conditions used in the laboratory treatments met or exceeded those projected for the Southern Ocean by the year 2100. We made two general observations regarding the outcome of the data: (1) Temperature was more influential than pH in terms of changing patterns of gene expression, and (2) these Antarctic pteropods appeared to have a significant degree of transcriptomic plasticity to respond to acute abiotic stress in the laboratory. In general, differential gene expression was observed amongst the treatments; here, for example, transcripts associated with maintaining protein structure and cell proliferation were up-regulated. To disentangle the effects of OA and OW, we used a weighted gene co-expression network analysis to explore patterns of change in the transcriptome. This approach identified gene networks associated with OW that were enriched for transcripts proposed to be involved in increasing membrane fluidity at warmer temperatures. Together these data provide evidence that L.h.antarctica has a limited capacity to acclimate to the combined conditions of OA and OW used in this study. This reduced scope of acclimation argues for continued study of how adaptation to polar aquatic environments may limit the plasticity of present-day populations in responding to future environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Gretchen E Hofmann
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620 USA
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19
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Strader ME, Wong JM, Hofmann GE. Ocean acidification promotes broad transcriptomic responses in marine metazoans: a literature survey. Front Zool 2020; 17:7. [PMID: 32095155 PMCID: PMC7027112 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-020-0350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
For nearly a decade, the metazoan-focused research community has explored the impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on marine animals, noting that changes in ocean chemistry can impact calcification, metabolism, acid-base regulation, stress response and behavior in organisms that hold high ecological and economic value. Because OA interacts with several key physiological processes in marine organisms, transcriptomics has become a widely-used method to characterize whole organism responses on a molecular level as well as inform mechanisms that explain changes in phenotypes observed in response to OA. In the past decade, there has been a notable rise in studies that examine transcriptomic responses to OA in marine metazoans, and here we attempt to summarize key findings across these studies. We find that organisms vary dramatically in their transcriptomic responses to pH although common patterns are often observed, including shifts in acid-base ion regulation, metabolic processes, calcification and stress response mechanisms. We also see a rise in transcriptomic studies examining organismal response to OA in a multi-stressor context, often reporting synergistic effects of OA and temperature. In addition, there is an increase in studies that use transcriptomics to examine the evolutionary potential of organisms to adapt to OA conditions in the future through population and transgenerational experiments. Overall, the literature reveals complex organismal responses to OA, in which some organisms will face more dramatic consequences than others. This will have wide-reaching impacts on ocean communities and ecosystems as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Strader
- 1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.,2Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Juliet M Wong
- 1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.,3Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181 USA
| | - Gretchen E Hofmann
- 1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
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20
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Krishnan J, Persons JL, Peuß R, Hassan H, Kenzior A, Xiong S, Olsen L, Maldonado E, Kowalko JE, Rohner N. Comparative transcriptome analysis of wild and lab populations of
Astyanax mexicanus
uncovers differential effects of environment and morphotype on gene expression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2020; 334:530-539. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Krishnan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research Kansas City Missouri
| | | | - Robert Peuß
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research Kansas City Missouri
| | - Huzaifa Hassan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research Kansas City Missouri
| | | | - Shaolei Xiong
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research Kansas City Missouri
| | - Luke Olsen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research Kansas City Missouri
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology The University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City Kansas
| | - Ernesto Maldonado
- EvoDevo Research Group, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Puerto Morelos Quintana Roo Mexico
| | - Johanna E. Kowalko
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College Florida Atlantic University Jupiter Florida
| | - Nicolas Rohner
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research Kansas City Missouri
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology The University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City Kansas
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21
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Tarrant AM, Nilsson B, Hansen BW. Molecular physiology of copepods - from biomarkers to transcriptomes and back again. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 30:230-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Yu T, Chen Y. Effects of elevated carbon dioxide on environmental microbes and its mechanisms: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:865-879. [PMID: 30481713 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Before the industrial revolution, the atmospheric CO2 concentration was 180-330 ppm; however, fossil-fuel combustion and forest destruction have led to increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. CO2 capture and storage is regarded as a promising strategy to prevent global warming and ocean acidification and to alleviate elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, but the leakage of CO2 from storage system can lead to rapid acidification of the surrounding circumstance, which might cause negative influence on environmental microbes. The effects of elevated CO2 on microbes have been reported extensively, but the review regarding CO2 affecting different environmental microorganisms has never been done previously. Also, the mechanisms of CO2 affecting environmental microorganisms are usually contributed to the change of pH values, while the direct influences of CO2 on microorganisms were often neglected. This paper aimed to provide a systematic review of elevated CO2 affecting environmental microbes and its mechanisms. Firstly, the influences of elevated CO2 and potential leakage of CO2 from storage sites on community structures and diversity of different surrounding environmental microbes were assessed and compared. Secondly, the adverse impacts of CO2 on microbial growth, cell morphology and membranes, bacterial spores, and microbial metabolism were introduced. Then, based on biochemical principles and knowledge of microbiology and molecular biology, the fundamental mechanisms of the influences of carbon dioxide on environmental microbes were discussed from the aspects of enzyme activity, electron generation and transfer, and key gene and protein expressions. Finally, key questions relevant to the environmental effect of CO2 that need to be answered in the future were addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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23
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Semmouri I, Asselman J, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Deforce D, Janssen CR, De Schamphelaere KAC. The transcriptome of the marine calanoid copepod Temora longicornis under heat stress and recovery. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 143:10-23. [PMID: 30415781 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impacts of global change in zooplankton communities is crucial, as alterations in the zooplankton communities can affect entire marine ecosystems. Despite the economic and ecological importance of the calanoid copepod Temora longicornis in the Belgian part of the North Sea, molecular data is still very limited for this species. Using HiSeq Illumina sequencing, we sequenced the whole transcriptome of T. longicornis, after being exposed to realistic temperatures of 14 and 17 °C. After both an acute (1 day) and a more sustained (5 days) thermal exposure to 17 °C, we investigated gene expression differences with animals exposed to 14 °C, which may be critical for the thermal acclimation and resilience of this copepod species. We also studied the possibility of a short term stress recovery of a heat shock. A total of 179,569 transcripts were yielded, of which 44,985 putative ORF transcripts were identified. These transcripts were subsequently annotated into roughly 22,000 genes based on known sequences using Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG databases. Temora only showed a mild response to both the temperature and the duration of the exposure. We found that the expression of 27 transcripts varied significantly with an increase in temperature of 3 °C, of which eight transcripts were differentially expressed after acute exposure only. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that, overall, T. longicornis was more impacted by a sustained thermal exposure, rather than an immediate (acute) exposure, with two times as many enriched GO terms in the sustained treatment. We also identified several general stress responses independent of exposure time, such as modified protein synthesis, energy mobilisation, cuticle and chaperone proteins. Finally, we highlighted candidate genes of a possible recovery from heat exposure, identifying similar terms as those enriched in the heat treatments, i.e. related to for example energy metabolism, cuticle genes and extracellular matrix. The data presented in this study provides the first transcriptome available for T. longicornis which can be used for future genomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Semmouri
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jana Asselman
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Colin R Janssen
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karel A C De Schamphelaere
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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24
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Maas AE, Lawson GL, Bergan AJ, Tarrant AM. Exposure to CO 2 influences metabolism, calcification and gene expression of the thecosome pteropod Limacina retroversa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.164400. [PMID: 29191863 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.164400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thecosomatous pteropods, a group of aragonite shell-bearing zooplankton, are becoming an important sentinel organism for understanding the influence of ocean acidification on pelagic organisms. These animals show vulnerability to changing carbonate chemistry conditions, are geographically widespread, and are both biogeochemically and trophically important. The objective of this study was to determine how increasing duration and severity of CO2 treatment influence the physiology of the thecosome Limacina retroversa, integrating both gene expression and organism-level (respiration and calcification) metrics. We exposed pteropods to over-saturated, near-saturated or under-saturated conditions and sampled individuals at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days of exposure to test for the effect of duration. We found that calcification was affected by borderline and under-saturated conditions by week two, while respiration appeared to be more strongly influenced by an interaction between severity and duration of exposure, showing complex changes by one week of exposure. The organismal metrics were corroborated by specific gene expression responses, with increased expression of biomineralization-associated genes in the medium and high treatments throughout and complex changes in metabolic genes corresponding to both captivity and CO2 treatment. Genes associated with other physiological processes such as lipid metabolism, neural function and ion pumping had complex responses, influenced by both duration and severity. Beyond these responses, our findings detail the captivity effects for these pelagic organisms, providing information to contextualize the conclusions of previous studies, and emphasizing a need for better culturing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Maas
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, 17 Biological Station, St George's GE01, Bermuda .,Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Gareth L Lawson
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Alexander J Bergan
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Ann M Tarrant
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
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25
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Thor P, Vermandele F, Carignan MH, Jacque S, Calosi P. No maternal or direct effects of ocean acidification on egg hatching in the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192496. [PMID: 29415083 PMCID: PMC5802940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread ocean acidification (OA) is transforming the chemistry of the global ocean and the Arctic is recognised as the region where this transformation will occur at the fastest rate. Moreover, many Arctic species are considered less capable of tolerating OA due to their lower capacity for acid-base regulation. This inability may put severe restraints on many fundamental functions, such as growth and reproductive investments, which ultimately may result in reduced fitness. However, maternal effects may alleviate severe effects on the offspring rendering them more tolerant to OA. In a highly replicated experiment we studied maternal and direct effects of OA predicted for the Arctic shelf seas on egg hatching time and success in the keystone copepod species Calanus glacialis. We incubated females at present day conditions (pHT 8.0) and year 2100 extreme conditions (pHT 7.5) during oogenesis and subsequently reciprocally transplanted laid eggs between these two conditions. Statistical tests showed no effects of maternal or direct exposure to OA at this level. We hypothesise that C. glacialis may be physiologically adapted to egg production at low pH since oogenesis can also take place at conditions of potentially low haemolymph pH of the mother during hibernation in the deep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Thor
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Fanny Vermandele
- Université du Québec à Rimouski, Département de Biologie Chimie et Géographie, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Marie-Helene Carignan
- Université du Québec à Rimouski, Département de Biologie Chimie et Géographie, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Sarah Jacque
- Université du Québec à Rimouski, Département de Biologie Chimie et Géographie, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Piero Calosi
- Université du Québec à Rimouski, Département de Biologie Chimie et Géographie, Rimouski, Canada
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26
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Roncalli V, Cieslak MC, Sommer SA, Hopcroft RR, Lenz PH. De novo transcriptome assembly of the calanoid copepod Neocalanus flemingeri: A new resource for emergence from diapause. Mar Genomics 2017; 37:114-119. [PMID: 28919018 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Copepods, small planktonic crustaceans, are key links between primary producers and upper trophic levels, including many economically important fishes. In the subarctic North Pacific, the life cycle of copepods like Neocalanus flemingeri includes an ontogenetic migration to depth followed by a period of diapause (a type of dormancy) characterized by arrested development and low metabolic activity. The end of diapause is marked by the production of the first brood of eggs. Recent temperature anomalies in the North Pacific have raised concerns about potential negative effects on N. flemingeri. Since diapause is a developmental program, its progress can be tracked using through global gene expression. Thus, a reference transcriptome was developed as a first step towards physiological profiling of diapausing females using high-throughput Illumina sequencing. The de novo transcriptome, the first for this species was designed to investigate the diapause period. RNA-Seq reads were obtained for dormant to reproductive N. flemingeri females. A high quality de novo transcriptome was obtained by first assembling reads from each individual using Trinity software followed by clustering with CAP3 Assembly Program. This assembly consisted of 140,841transcripts (contigs). Bench-marking universal single-copy orthologs analysis identified 85% of core eukaryotic genes, with 79% predicted to be complete. Comparison with other calanoid transcriptomes confirmed its quality and degree of completeness. Trinity assembly of reads originating from multiple individuals led to fragmentation. Thus, the workflow applied here differed from the one recommended by Trinity, but was required to obtain a good assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Roncalli
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Matthew C Cieslak
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Stephanie A Sommer
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Russell R Hopcroft
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 120 O'Neill, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7220, USA
| | - Petra H Lenz
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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27
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Bailey A, De Wit P, Thor P, Browman HI, Bjelland R, Shema S, Fields DM, Runge JA, Thompson C, Hop H. Regulation of gene expression is associated with tolerance of the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis to CO 2-acidified sea water. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:7145-7160. [PMID: 28944006 PMCID: PMC5606855 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification is the increase in seawater pCO 2 due to the uptake of atmospheric anthropogenic CO 2, with the largest changes predicted to occur in the Arctic seas. For some marine organisms, this change in pCO 2, and associated decrease in pH, represents a climate change-related stressor. In this study, we investigated the gene expression patterns of nauplii of the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis cultured at low pH levels. We have previously shown that organismal-level performance (development, growth, respiration) of C. glacialis nauplii is unaffected by low pH. Here, we investigated the molecular-level response to lowered pH in order to elucidate the physiological processes involved in this tolerance. Nauplii from wild-caught C. glacialis were cultured at four pH levels (8.05, 7.9, 7.7, 7.5). At stage N6, mRNA was extracted and sequenced using RNA-seq. The physiological functionality of the proteins identified was categorized using Gene Ontology and KEGG pathways. We found that the expression of 151 contigs varied significantly with pH on a continuous scale (93% downregulated with decreasing pH). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that, of the processes downregulated, many were components of the universal cellular stress response, including DNA repair, redox regulation, protein folding, and proteolysis. Sodium:proton antiporters were among the processes significantly upregulated, indicating that these ion pumps were involved in maintaining cellular pH homeostasis. C. glacialis significantly alters its gene expression at low pH, although they maintain normal larval development. Understanding what confers tolerance to some species will support our ability to predict the effects of future ocean acidification on marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Bailey
- Norwegian Polar Institute Tromsø Norway.,Department of Arctic and Marine Biology Faculty of Biosciences Fisheries and Economics UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Pierre De Wit
- University of Gothenburg Department of Marine Sciences Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences Tjärnö Sweden
| | | | - Howard I Browman
- Austevoll Research Station Institute of Marine Research Storebø Norway
| | - Reidun Bjelland
- Austevoll Research Station Institute of Marine Research Storebø Norway
| | - Steven Shema
- Austevoll Research Station Institute of Marine Research Storebø Norway
| | - David M Fields
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences East Boothbay ME USA
| | - Jeffrey A Runge
- Gulf of Maine Research Institute University of Maine Orono ME USA
| | - Cameron Thompson
- Gulf of Maine Research Institute University of Maine Orono ME USA
| | - Haakon Hop
- Norwegian Polar Institute Tromsø Norway.,Department of Arctic and Marine Biology Faculty of Biosciences Fisheries and Economics UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
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