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Rowley AF, Baker-Austin C, Boerlage AS, Caillon C, Davies CE, Duperret L, Martin SAM, Mitta G, Pernet F, Pratoomyot J, Shields JD, Shinn AP, Songsungthong W, Srijuntongsiri G, Sritunyalucksana K, Vidal-Dupiol J, Uren Webster TM, Taengchaiyaphum S, Wongwaradechkul R, Coates CJ. Diseases of marine fish and shellfish in an age of rapid climate change. iScience 2024; 27:110838. [PMID: 39318536 PMCID: PMC11420459 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A recurring trend in evidence scrutinized over the past few decades is that disease outbreaks will become more frequent, intense, and widespread on land and in water, due to climate change. Pathogens and the diseases they inflict represent a major constraint on seafood production and yield, and by extension, food security. The risk(s) for fish and shellfish from disease is a function of pathogen characteristics, biological species identity, and the ambient environmental conditions. A changing climate can adversely influence the host and environment, while augmenting pathogen characteristics simultaneously, thereby favoring disease outbreaks. Herein, we use a series of case studies covering some of the world's most cultured aquatic species (e.g., salmonids, penaeid shrimp, and oysters), and the pathogens (viral, fungal, bacterial, and parasitic) that afflict them, to illustrate the magnitude of disease-related problems linked to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Rowley
- Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | | | - Annette S Boerlage
- Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health (CEPH), SRUC School of Veterinary Medicine, Inverness, Scotland, UK
| | - Coline Caillon
- Université of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - Charlotte E Davies
- Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Léo Duperret
- IHPE, Université of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Samuel A M Martin
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- Ifremer, ILM, IRD, UPF, UMR 241 SECOPOL, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Fabrice Pernet
- Université of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - Jarunan Pratoomyot
- Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Jeffrey D Shields
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Andrew P Shinn
- INVE Aquaculture (Thailand), 471 Bond Street, Bangpood, Pakkred, Nonthaburi 11120, Thailand
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Warangkhana Songsungthong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Gun Srijuntongsiri
- School of Information, Computer, and Communication Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kallaya Sritunyalucksana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- IHPE, Université of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Tamsyn M Uren Webster
- Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Suparat Taengchaiyaphum
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Christopher J Coates
- Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
- Zoology and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
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Segner H, Bailey C, Tafalla C, Bo J. Immunotoxicity of Xenobiotics in Fish: A Role for the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR)? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179460. [PMID: 34502366 PMCID: PMC8430475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of anthropogenic contaminants on the immune system of fishes is an issue of growing concern. An important xenobiotic receptor that mediates effects of chemicals, such as halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Fish toxicological research has focused on the role of this receptor in xenobiotic biotransformation as well as in causing developmental, cardiac, and reproductive toxicity. However, biomedical research has unraveled an important physiological role of the AhR in the immune system, what suggests that this receptor could be involved in immunotoxic effects of environmental contaminants. The aims of the present review are to critically discuss the available knowledge on (i) the expression and possible function of the AhR in the immune systems of teleost fishes; and (ii) the impact of AhR-activating xenobiotics on the immune systems of fish at the levels of immune gene expression, immune cell proliferation and immune cell function, immune pathology, and resistance to infectious disease. The existing information indicates that the AhR is expressed in the fish immune system, but currently, we have little understanding of its physiological role. Exposure to AhR-activating contaminants results in the modulation of numerous immune structural and functional parameters of fish. Despite the diversity of fish species studied and the experimental conditions investigated, the published findings rather uniformly point to immunosuppressive actions of xenobiotic AhR ligands in fish. These effects are often associated with increased disease susceptibility. The fact that fish populations from HAH- and PAH-contaminated environments suffer immune disturbances and elevated disease susceptibility highlights that the immunotoxic effects of AhR-activating xenobiotics bear environmental relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Pathobiology and Infectious Diseases, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jun Bo
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen 361005, China
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Gauthier DT, Haines AN, Vogelbein WK. Elevated temperature inhibits Mycobacterium shottsii infection and Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii disease in striped bass Morone saxatilis. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2021; 144:159-174. [PMID: 33955854 DOI: 10.3354/dao03584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis occurs with high prevalence in the wild striped bass Morone saxatilis of Chesapeake Bay, USA. Etiologic agents of mycobacteriosis in this system are dominated by Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii and Mycobacterium shottsii, both members of the M. ulcerans/M. marinum clade of mycobacteria. Striped bass occupying Chesapeake Bay during summer months where water temperatures regularly approach and occasionally exceed 30°C are thought to be near their thermal maximum, a condition hypothesized to drive high levels of disease and increased natural mortality due to temperature stress. M. shottsii and M. pseudoshottsii, however, do not grow or grow inconsistently at 30°C on artificial medium, potentially countering this hypothesis. In this work, we examine the effects of temperature (20, 25, and 30°C) on progression of experimental infections with M. shottsii and M. pseudoshottsii in striped bass. Rather than exacerbation of disease, increasing temperature resulted in attenuated bacterial density increase in the spleen and reduced pathology in the spleen and mesenteries of M. pseudoshottsii infected fish, and reduced bacterial densities in the spleen of M. shottsii infected fish. These findings indicate that M. pseudoshottsii and M. shottsii infections in Chesapeake Bay striped bass may be limited by the thermal tolerance of these mycobacteria, and that maximal disease progression may in fact occur at lower water temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Gauthier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
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Abstract
Climate change affects ecological processes and interactions, including parasitism. Because parasites are natural components of ecological systems, as well as agents of outbreak and disease-induced mortality, it is important to summarize current knowledge of the sensitivity of parasites to climate and identify how to better predict their responses to it. This need is particularly great in marine systems, where the responses of parasites to climate variables are less well studied than those in other biomes. As examples of climate's influence on parasitism increase, they enable generalizations of expected responses as well as insight into useful study approaches, such as thermal performance curves that compare the vital rates of hosts and parasites when exposed to several temperatures across a gradient. For parasites not killed by rising temperatures, some simple physiological rules, including the tendency of temperature to increase the metabolism of ectotherms and increase oxygen stress on hosts, suggest that parasites' intensity and pathologies might increase. In addition to temperature, climate-induced changes in dissolved oxygen, ocean acidity, salinity, and host and parasite distributions also affect parasitism and disease, but these factors are much less studied. Finally, because parasites are constituents of ecological communities, we must consider indirect and secondary effects stemming from climate-induced changes in host-parasite interactions, which may not be evident if these interactions are studied in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Byers
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA;
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Cantrell DL, Groner ML, Ben-Horin T, Grant J, Revie CW. Modeling Pathogen Dispersal in Marine Fish and Shellfish. Trends Parasitol 2020; 36:239-249. [PMID: 32037136 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In marine ecosystems, oceanographic processes often govern host contacts with infectious agents. Consequently, many approaches developed to quantify pathogen dispersal in terrestrial ecosystems have limited use in the marine context. Recent applications in marine disease modeling demonstrate that physical oceanographic models coupled with biological models of infectious agents can characterize dispersal networks of pathogens in marine ecosystems. Biophysical modeling has been used over the past two decades to model larval dispersion but has only recently been utilized in marine epidemiology. In this review, we describe how biophysical models function and how they can be used to measure connectivity of infectious agents between sites, test hypotheses regarding pathogen dispersal, and quantify patterns of pathogen spread, focusing on fish and shellfish pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Cantrell
- Health Management Department, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
| | - Maya L Groner
- Prince William Sound Science Center, Cordova, AK, USA; Affiliate, US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tal Ben-Horin
- Department of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science, College of the Environment and Life Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA; Center for Marine Science and Technology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, NC, USA
| | - Jon Grant
- Oceanography Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Crawford W Revie
- Health Management Department, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada; Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Groner ML, Hoenig JM, Pradel R, Choquet R, Vogelbein WK, Gauthier DT, Friedrichs MAM. Dermal mycobacteriosis and warming sea surface temperatures are associated with elevated mortality of striped bass in Chesapeake Bay. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:9384-9397. [PMID: 30377509 PMCID: PMC6194296 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is hypothesized to alter disease dynamics, particularly when species are living at or near their thermal limits. When disease occurs in marine systems, this can go undetected, particularly if the disease is chronic and progresses slowly. As a result, population-level impacts of diseases can be grossly underestimated. Complex migratory patterns, stochasticity in recruitment, and data and knowledge gaps can hinder collection and analysis of data on marine diseases. New tools enabling quantification of disease impacts in marine environments include coupled biogeochemical hydrodynamic models (to hindcast key environmental data), and multievent, multistate mark-recapture (MMSMR) (to quantify the effects of environmental conditions on disease processes and assess population-level impacts). We used MMSMR to quantify disease processes and population impacts in an estuarine population of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in Chesapeake Bay from 2005 to 2013. Our results supported the hypothesis that mycobacteriosis is chronic, progressive, and, frequently, lethal. Yearly disease incidence in fish age three and above was 89%, suggesting that this disease impacts nearly every adult striped bass. Mortality of diseased fish was high, particularly in severe cases, where it approached 80% in typical years. Severely diseased fish also had a 10-fold higher catchability than healthy fish, which could bias estimates of disease prevalence. For both healthy and diseased fish, mortality increased with the modeled average summer sea surface temperature (SST) at the mouth of the Rappahannock River; in warmer summers (average SST ≥ 29°C), a cohort is predicted to experience >90% mortality in 1 year. Regression of disease signs in mildly and moderately diseased fish was <2%. These results suggest that these fish are living at their maximum thermal tolerance and that this is driving increased disease and mortality. Management of this fishery should account for the effects of temperature and disease on impacted populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya L. Groner
- Virginia Institute of Marine ScienceCollege of William & MaryGloucester PointVirginia
- Present address:
Prince William Sound Science Center300 Breakwater AveCordovaAlaska99574
| | - John M. Hoenig
- Virginia Institute of Marine ScienceCollege of William & MaryGloucester PointVirginia
| | - Roger Pradel
- CEFE UMR 5175CNRS ‐ Université Montpellier ‐ Université P. Valéry ‐ EPHEMontpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Rémi Choquet
- CEFE UMR 5175CNRS ‐ Université Montpellier ‐ Université P. Valéry ‐ EPHEMontpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Wolfgang K. Vogelbein
- Virginia Institute of Marine ScienceCollege of William & MaryGloucester PointVirginia
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