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Klure DM, Greenhalgh R, Parchman TL, Matocq MD, Galland LM, Shapiro MD, Dearing MD. Hybridization in the absence of an ecotone favors hybrid success in woodrats (Neotoma spp.). Evolution 2023; 77:959-970. [PMID: 36715204 PMCID: PMC10066834 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization is a common process that has broadly impacted the evolution of multicellular eukaryotes; however, how ecological factors influence this process remains poorly understood. Here, we report the findings of a 3-year recapture study of the Bryant's woodrat (Neotoma bryanti) and desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida), two species that hybridize within a creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) shrubland in Whitewater, CA, USA. We used a genotype-by-sequencing approach to characterize the ancestry distribution of individuals across this hybrid zone coupled with Cormack-Jolly-Seber modeling to describe demography. We identified a high frequency of hybridization at this site with ~40% of individuals possessing admixed ancestry, which is the result of multigenerational backcrossing and advanced hybrid-hybrid crossing. F1, F2, and advanced generation hybrids had apparent survival rates similar to parental N. bryanti, while parental and backcross N. lepida had lower apparent survival rates and were far less abundant. Compared to bimodal hybrid zones where hybrids are often rare and selected against, we find that hybrids at Whitewater are common and have comparable survival to the dominant parental species, N. bryanti. The frequency of hybridization at Whitewater is therefore likely limited by the abundance of the less common parental species, N. lepida, rather than selection against hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan M. Klure
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E rm 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Robert Greenhalgh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E rm 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Thomas L. Parchman
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557
| | - Marjorie D. Matocq
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science; Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557
| | - Lanie M. Galland
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557
| | - Michael D. Shapiro
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E rm 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - M. Denise Dearing
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E rm 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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Adavoudi R, Pilot M. Consequences of Hybridization in Mammals: A Systematic Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:50. [PMID: 35052393 PMCID: PMC8774782 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization, defined as breeding between two distinct taxonomic units, can have an important effect on the evolutionary patterns in cross-breeding taxa. Although interspecific hybridization has frequently been considered as a maladaptive process, which threatens species genetic integrity and survival via genetic swamping and outbreeding depression, in some cases hybridization can introduce novel adaptive variation and increase fitness. Most studies to date focused on documenting hybridization events and analyzing their causes, while relatively little is known about the consequences of hybridization and its impact on the parental species. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review of studies on hybridization in mammals published in 2010-2021, and identified 115 relevant studies. Of 13 categories of hybridization consequences described in these studies, the most common negative consequence (21% of studies) was genetic swamping and the most common positive consequence (8%) was the gain of novel adaptive variation. The total frequency of negative consequences (49%) was higher than positive (13%) and neutral (38%) consequences. These frequencies are biased by the detection possibilities of microsatellite loci, the most common genetic markers used in the papers assessed. As negative outcomes are typically easier to demonstrate than positive ones (e.g., extinction vs hybrid speciation), they may be over-represented in publications. Transition towards genomic studies involving both neutral and adaptive variation will provide a better insight into the real impacts of hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Pilot
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Nadwiślańska 108, 80-680 Gdańsk, Poland;
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Morris KY, Bowman J, Schulte‐Hostedde A, Wilson PJ. Functional genetic diversity of domestic and wild American mink ( Neovison vison). Evol Appl 2020; 13:2610-2629. [PMID: 33294012 PMCID: PMC7691469 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of domestic organisms to the wild threatens biodiversity because the introduction of domestic genes through interbreeding can negatively impact wild conspecifics via outbreeding depression. In North America, farmed American mink (Neovison vison) frequently escape captivity, yet the impact of these events on functional genetic diversity of wild mink populations is unclear. We characterized domestic and wild mink in Ontario at 17 trinucleotide microsatellites located in functional genes thought to be associated with traits affected by domestication. We found low functional genetic diversity in both mink types, as only four of 17 genes were variable, yet allele frequencies varied widely between captive and wild populations. To determine whether allele frequencies of wild populations were affected by geographic location, we performed redundancy analysis and spatial analysis of principal components on three polymorphic loci (AR, ATN1 and IGF-1). We found evidence to suggest domestic release events are affecting the functional genetic diversity of wild mink, as sPCA showed clear distinctions between wild individuals near mink farms and those located in areas without mink farms. This is further substantiated through RDA, where spatial location was associated with genetic variation of AR, ATN1 and IGF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Y. Morris
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughONCanada
| | - Jeff Bowman
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughONCanada
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring SectionOntario Ministry of Natural Resources and ForestryPeterboroughONCanada
| | | | - Paul J. Wilson
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughONCanada
- Department of BiologyTrent UniversityPeterboroughONCanada
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Bowman J, Beauclerc K, Farid AH, Fenton H, Klütsch CF, Schulte-Hostedde AI. Hybridization of domestic mink with wild American mink (Neovison vison) in eastern Canada. CAN J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2016-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Farmed American mink (Neovison vison (Schreber, 1777)) pose a risk to biodiversity owing to escape and release from farms. Feral mink may affect native species in locations where American mink are not endemic, such as Europe. In contrast, escaping domestic mink may hybridize with wild mink in North America, leading to introgression of domestic traits via hybrid-mediated gene flow. We tested this idea in eastern Canada, which has a history of mink farming. We sampled known domestic and free-ranging mink, and profiled 508 individuals at 15 microsatellite loci. We found that 33% of free-ranging mink were either escaped domestic individuals, domestic–wild hybrids, or were introgressed to domestic or wild parental groups. The greatest prevalence of free-ranging domestic, hybrid, or introgressed mink (59%) occurred in Nova Scotia, which also had the most mink farms. Historic (1980s or earlier) mink sampled from museums had higher allelic richness and private allelic richness than contemporary wild mink. Domestic mink are artificially selected for traits desired by farmers, and as such, introgression with wild mink may lead to a loss of local adaptation. Our findings demonstrate that continued escape and release of mink could pose risks to the maintenance of genetic integrity in wild mink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Bowman
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, DNA Building, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Kaela Beauclerc
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, DNA Building, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - A. Hossain Farid
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Heather Fenton
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
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Merson C, Statham MJ, Janecka JE, Lopez RR, Silvy NJ, Sacks BN. Distribution of native and nonnative ancestry in red foxes along an elevational gradient in central Colorado. J Mammal 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyx004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Lounsberry ZT, Quinn CB, Statham MJ, Angulo CL, Kalani TJ, Tiller E, Sacks BN. Investigating genetic introgression from farmed red foxes into the wild population in Newfoundland, Canada. CONSERV GENET 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-016-0914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sacks BN, Brazeal JL, Lewis JC. Landscape genetics of the nonnative red fox of California. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:4775-91. [PMID: 27547312 PMCID: PMC4979706 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive mammalian carnivores contribute disproportionately to declines in global biodiversity. In California, nonnative red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) have significantly impacted endangered ground‐nesting birds and native canids. These foxes derive primarily from captive‐reared animals associated with the fur‐farming industry. Over the past five decades, the cumulative area occupied by nonnative red fox increased to cover much of central and southern California. We used a landscape‐genetic approach involving mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences and 13 microsatellites of 402 nonnative red foxes removed in predator control programs to investigate source populations, contemporary connectivity, and metapopulation dynamics. Both markers indicated high population structuring consistent with origins from multiple introductions and low subsequent gene flow. Landscape‐genetic modeling indicated that population connectivity was especially low among coastal sampling sites surrounded by mountainous wildlands but somewhat higher through topographically flat, urban and agricultural landscapes. The genetic composition of populations tended to be stable for multiple generations, indicating a degree of demographic resilience to predator removal programs. However, in two sites where intensive predator control reduced fox abundance, we observed increases in immigration, suggesting potential for recolonization to counter eradication attempts. These findings, along with continued genetic monitoring, can help guide localized management of foxes by identifying points of introductions and routes of spread and evaluating the relative importance of reproduction and immigration in maintaining populations. More generally, the study illustrates the utility of a landscape‐genetic approach for understanding invasion dynamics and metapopulation structure of one of the world's most destructive invasive mammals, the red fox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Sacks
- Mammalian Ecology and Conservation Unit Veterinary Genetics Laboratory University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue/Old Davis Road Davis California 95616-8744; Department of Population Health and Reproduction University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616
| | - Jennifer L Brazeal
- Mammalian Ecology and Conservation Unit Veterinary Genetics Laboratory University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue/Old Davis Road Davis California 95616-8744
| | - Jeffrey C Lewis
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 600 Capitol Way N Olympia Washington 98501-1091
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Prentice MB, Bowman J, Wilson PJ. A test of somatic mosaicism in the androgen receptor gene of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis). BMC Genet 2015; 16:125. [PMID: 26503624 PMCID: PMC4623281 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The androgen receptor, an X-linked gene, has been widely studied in human populations because it contains highly polymorphic trinucleotide repeat motifs that have been associated with a number of adverse human health and behavioral effects. A previous study on the androgen receptor gene in carnivores reported somatic mosaicism in the tissues of a number of species including Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). We investigated this claim in a closely related species, Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis). The presence of somatic mosaicism in lynx tissues could have implications for the future study of exonic trinucleotide repeats in landscape genomic studies, in which the accurate reporting of genotypes would be highly problematic. Methods To determine whether mosaicism occurs in Canada lynx, two lynx individuals were sampled for a variety of tissue types (lynx 1) and tissue locations (lynx 1 and 2), and 1,672 individuals of known sex were genotyped to further rule out mosaicism. Results We found no evidence of mosaicism in tissues from the two necropsied individuals, or any of our genotyped samples. Conclusions Our results indicate that mosaicism does not manifest in Canada lynx. Therefore, the use of hide samples for further work involving trinucleotide repeat polymorphisms in Canada lynx is warranted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-015-0284-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie B Prentice
- Department of Environmental & Life Sciences, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, K9J 7B8, ON, Canada.
| | - Jeff Bowman
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, K9J 7B8, ON, Canada.
| | - Paul J Wilson
- Biology Department, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, K9J 7B8, ON, Canada.
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