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Han X, Weng M, Shi W, Wen Y, Long Y, Hu X, Ji G, Zhu Y, Wen X, Zhang F, Wu S. The Neurotranscriptome of Monochamus alternatus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4553. [PMID: 38674138 PMCID: PMC11050616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Japanese pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus serves as the primary vector for pine wilt disease, a devastating pine disease that poses a significant threat to the sustainable development of forestry in the Eurasian region. Currently, trap devices based on informational compounds have played a crucial role in monitoring and controlling the M. alternatus population. However, the specific proteins within M. alternatus involved in recognizing the aforementioned informational compounds remain largely unclear. To elucidate the spatiotemporal distribution of M. alternatus chemosensory-related genes, this study conducted neural transcriptome analyses to investigate gene expression patterns in different body parts during the feeding and mating stages of both male and female beetles. The results revealed that 15 genes in the gustatory receptor (GR) gene family exhibited high expression in the mouthparts, most genes in the odorant binding protein (OBP) gene family exhibited high expression across all body parts, 22 genes in the odorant receptor (OR) gene family exhibited high expression in the antennae, a significant number of genes in the chemosensory protein (CSP) and sensory neuron membrane protein (SNMP) gene families exhibited high expression in both the mouthparts and antennae, and 30 genes in the ionotropic receptors (IR) gene family were expressed in the antennae. Through co-expression analyses, it was observed that 34 genes in the IR gene family were co-expressed across the four developmental stages. The Antenna IR subfamily and IR8a/Ir25a subfamily exhibited relatively high expression levels in the antennae, while the Kainate subfamily, NMDA subfamily, and Divergent subfamily exhibited predominantly high expression in the facial region. MalIR33 is expressed only during the feeding stage of M. alternatus, the MalIR37 gene exhibits specific expression in male beetles, the MalIR34 gene exhibits specific expression during the feeding stage in male beetles, the MalIR8 and MalIR39 genes exhibit specific expression during the feeding stage in female beetles, and MalIR8 is expressed only during two developmental stages in male beetles and during the mating stage in female beetles. The IR gene family exhibits gene-specific expression in different spatiotemporal contexts, laying the foundation for the subsequent selection of functional genes and facilitating the full utilization of host plant volatiles and insect sex pheromones, thereby enabling the development of more efficient attractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Han
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (M.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.H.); (G.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mingqing Weng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (M.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.H.); (G.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenchao Shi
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (M.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.H.); (G.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yingxin Wen
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (M.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.H.); (G.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yirong Long
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (M.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.H.); (G.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinran Hu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (M.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.H.); (G.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guoxi Ji
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (M.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.H.); (G.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yukun Zhu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (M.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.H.); (G.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xuanye Wen
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (M.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.H.); (G.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feiping Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (M.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.H.); (G.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Songqing Wu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (M.W.); (W.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (X.H.); (G.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Gao YF, Yang FY, Song W, Cao LJ, Chen JC, Shen XJ, Qu LJ, Zong SX, Wei SJ. Chromosome-level genome assembly of the Japanese sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus. Sci Data 2024; 11:199. [PMID: 38351308 PMCID: PMC10864374 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The Japanese sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a pest in pine forests and acts as a vector for the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which causes the pine wilt disease. We assembled a high-quality genome of M. alternatus at the chromosomal level using Illumina, Nanopore, and Hi-C sequencing technologies. The assembled genome is 767.12 Mb, with a scaffold N50 of 82.0 Mb. All contigs were assembled into ten pseudo-chromosomes. The genome contains 63.95% repeat sequences. We identify 16, 284 protein-coding genes in the genome, of which 11,244 were functionally annotated. The high-quality genome of M. alternatus provides an invaluable resource for the biological, ecological, and genetic study of this beetle and opens new avenues for understanding the transmission of pine wood nematode by insect vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Fu Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 1000097, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 1000097, China
| | - Wei Song
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 1000097, China
| | - Li-Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 1000097, China
| | - Jin-Cui Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 1000097, China
| | - Xiu-Jing Shen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 1000097, China
| | - Liang-Jian Qu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Shi-Xiang Zong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 1000097, China.
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Han X, Zhou T, Hu X, Zhu Y, Shi Z, Chen S, Liu Y, Weng X, Zhang F, Wu S. Discovery and Characterization of MaK: A Novel Knottin Antimicrobial Peptide from Monochamus alternatus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17565. [PMID: 38139394 PMCID: PMC10743862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Knottin-type antimicrobial peptides possess exceptional attributes, such as high efficacy, low vulnerability to drug resistance, minimal toxicity, and precise targeting of drug sites. These peptides play a crucial role in the innate immunity of insects, offering protection against bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Knottins have garnered considerable interest as promising contenders for drug development due to their ability to bridge the gap between small molecules and protein-based biopharmaceuticals, effectively addressing the therapeutic limitations of both modalities. This work presents the isolation and identification of a novel antimicrobial peptide derived from Monochamus alternatus. The cDNA encodes a 56-amino acid knottin propeptide, while the mature peptide comprises only 34 amino acids. We have labeled this knottin peptide as MaK. Using chemically synthesized MaK, we evaluated its hemolytic activity, thermal stability, antibacterial properties, and efficacy against nematodes. The results of this study indicate that MaK is an exceptionally effective knottin-type peptide. It demonstrates low toxicity, superior stability, potent antibacterial activity, and the ability to suppress pine wood nematodes. Consequently, these findings suggest that MaK has potential use in developing innovative therapeutic agents to prevent and manage pine wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Han
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Xinran Hu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yukun Zhu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zengzeng Shi
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shi Chen
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoqian Weng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feiping Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Songqing Wu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (X.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Kirino H, Maehara N, Shinya R. How did Bursaphelenchus nematodes acquire a specific relationship with their beetle vectors, Monochamus? Front Physiol 2023; 14:1209695. [PMID: 37584016 PMCID: PMC10423805 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1209695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
For insect-borne pathogens, phoretic ability is important not only to spread more widely and efficiently but also to evolve virulence. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease, is transmitted by the cerambycid beetle Monochamus alternatus, which is associated with pine tree host. Their specific phoretic ability to appropriate vectors depending on their life cycle is critical for efficient transfer to the correct host and is expected to enhance virulence. We evaluated how B. xylophilus acquired a specific relationship with M. alternatus with a focus on Bursaphelenchus okinawaensis, a close relative of B. xylophilus that has evolved a relationship with a cerambycid beetle vector. Bursaphelenchus okinawaensis has a single dispersal stage (dauer) larva (third-stage dispersal [DIII] larva), whereas B. xylophilus has two distinct dispersal stages (DIII and fourth-stage dispersal [DIV] larva). Also, the dauer formation in B. okinawaensis is not completely dependent on its beetle vector, whereas DIV larvae of B. xylophilus are induced by volatile from the beetle vector. We investigated the induction conditions of dauer larvae in B. okinawaensis and compared to with B. xylophilus. The dauer percentages of B. okinawaensis significantly increased when the nematode population on the plate increased or when we propagated the nematodes with a crude extract of cultured nematodes, which likely contained dauer-inducing pheromones. In addition, dauer formation tended to be enhanced by the crude extract at high temperatures. Furthermore, when we propagated the nematodes with M. alternatus pupae until the beetles eclosed, B. okinawaensis significantly developed into dauer larvae. However, only 1.3% of dauer larvae were successfully transferred to M. alternatus, the rate lower than that of B. xylophilus. DIII and DIV of B. xylophilus were induced by increasing the nematode population and the presence of the beetle vector, respectively. These results suggest that B. okinawaensis has acquired specificity for the cerambycid beetle through dauer formation, which is efficiently induced in the presence of the beetle, and the DIV larval stage, exclusive to the xylophilus group, may be crucial for high transfer ability to the beetle vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haru Kirino
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Maehara
- Department of Forest Entomology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryoji Shinya
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
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Maehara N, Aikawa T, Kanzaki N, Nakamura K. Transfer of four isolates of Bursaphelenchus doui into Monochamus alternatus and potential vector switching of the nematode. NEMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Summary
To reinforce vector-switching potential of Bursaphelenchus doui in its ecological and evolutionary contexts, we tested our previous hypothesis that “B. doui (or its ancestor) was transferred by Acalolepta fraudatrix, Acalolepta sejuncta, and/or Monochamus subfasciatus (or their ancestral species) from broad-leaved trees to conifers, switched vectors from these cerambycid beetles to Monochamus beetles in conifers, and then evolved into the common ancestor of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus”. The affinity of four B. doui isolates and one B. xylophilus isolate for Monochamus alternatus was tested using our simple nematode-loading method to the beetle, and the affinity was assessed based on the nematode loads on the beetles. Phoretic stages of two B. doui isolates obtained from Monochamus saltuarius and Pinus densiflora showed loading levels similar to that of B. xylophilus, which were significantly higher than those of the other two B. doui isolates obtained from A. fraudatrix and M. subfasciatus. This result indicates that the first two isolates of B. doui derived from a conifer-using beetle and a coniferous tree adapt to M. alternatus better than the last two isolates associated with beetles using broad-leaved trees. The data reinforce that vector switching of B. doui could have occurred during the evolutionary history of the B. xylophilus group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritoshi Maehara
- Department of Forest Entomology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Takuya Aikawa
- Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 92-25 Nabeyashiki, Shimo-Kuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
| | - Natsumi Kanzaki
- Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 68 Nagaikyutaroh, Momoyama, Fushimi, Kyoto 612-0855, Japan
| | - Katsunori Nakamura
- Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 92-25 Nabeyashiki, Shimo-Kuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
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Zhao Y, Yuan Z, Wang S, Wang H, Chao Y, Sederoff RR, Sederoff H, Yan H, Pan J, Peng M, Wu D, Borriss R, Niu B. Gene sdaB Is Involved in the Nematocidal Activity of Enterobacter ludwigii AA4 Against the Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:870519. [PMID: 35602027 PMCID: PMC9121001 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.870519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a plant parasitic nematode, is the causal agent of pine wilt, a devastating forest tree disease. Essentially, no efficient methods for controlling B. xylophilus and pine wilt disease have yet been developed. Enterobacter ludwigii AA4, isolated from the root of maize, has powerful nematocidal activity against B. xylophilus in a new in vitro dye exclusion test. The corrected mortality of the B. xylophilus treated by E. ludwigii AA4 or its cell extract reached 98.3 and 98.6%, respectively. Morphological changes in B. xylophilus treated with a cell extract from strain AA4 suggested that the death of B. xylophilus might be caused by an increased number of vacuoles in non-apoptotic cell death and the damage to tissues of the nematodes. In a greenhouse test, the disease index of the seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) treated with the cells of strain AA4 plus B. xylophilus or those treated by AA4 cell extract plus B. xylophilus was 38.2 and 30.3, respectively, was significantly lower than 92.5 in the control plants treated with distilled water and B. xylophilus. We created a sdaB gene knockout in strain AA4 by deleting the gene that was putatively encoding the beta-subunit of L-serine dehydratase through Red homologous recombination. The nematocidal and disease-suppressing activities of the knockout strain were remarkably impaired. Finally, we revealed a robust colonization of P. sylvestris seedling needles by E. ludwigii AA4, which is supposed to contribute to the disease-controlling efficacy of strain AA4. Therefore, E. ludwigii AA4 has significant potential to serve as an agent for the biological control of pine wilt disease caused by B. xylophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhibo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Administrative Office of the Summer Palace, Beijing Municipal Administration Center of Parks, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjie Chao
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health (CMDH), Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronald R. Sederoff
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Heike Sederoff
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - He Yan
- Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, China
| | - Jialiang Pan
- Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, China
| | - Mu Peng
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Rainer Borriss
- Nord Reet UG, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V. (IMaB), Greifswald, Germany
- *Correspondence: Rainer Borriss,
| | - Ben Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Ben Niu,
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Aikawa T, Maehara N, Ichihara Y, Masuya H, Nakamura K, Anbutsu H. Cytoplasmic incompatibility in the semivoltine longicorn beetle Acalolepta fraudatrix (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) double infected with Wolbachia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261928. [PMID: 35030199 PMCID: PMC8759696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolbachia are obligatory endosymbiotic α-proteobacteria found in many arthropods. They are maternally inherited, and can induce reproductive alterations in the hosts. Despite considerable recent progress in studies on the associations between Wolbachia and various taxonomic groups of insects, none of the researches have revealed the effects of Wolbachia on longicorn beetles as the host insect. Acalolepta fraudatrix is a forest longicorn beetle that is distributed in East Asia. In this study, the relationship between Wolbachia and A. fraudatrix was investigated. Out of two populations of A. fraudatrix screened for Wolbachia using the genes ftsZ, wsp, and 16S rRNA, only one of the populations showed detection of all three genes indicating the presence of Wolbachia. Electron microscopy and fluorescent in situ hybridization also confirmed that the A. fraudatrix population was infected with Wolbachia. Sequencing the wsp genes derived from single insects revealed that two strains of Wolbachia coexisted in the insects based on the detection of two different sequences of the wsp gene. We designated these strains as wFra1 and wFra2. The bacterial titers of wFra1 were nearly 2-fold and 3-fold higher than wFra2 in the testes and ovaries, respectively. The two strains of Wolbachia in the insects were completely eliminated by rearing the insects on artificial diets containing 1% concentration of tetracycline for 1 generation. Reciprocal crosses between Wolbachia-infected and Wolbachia-uninfected A. fraudatrix demonstrated that only eggs produced by the crosses between Wolbachia-infected males and Wolbachia-uninfected females did not hatch, indicating that Wolbachia infecting A. fraudatrix causes cytoplasmic incompatibility in the host insect. This is the first report showing the effect of Wolbachia on reproductive function in a longicorn beetle, A. fraudatrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Aikawa
- Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Noritoshi Maehara
- Department of Forest Entomology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yu Ichihara
- Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hayato Masuya
- Department of Mushroom Science and Forest Microbiology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsunori Nakamura
- Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hisashi Anbutsu
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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