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Chang J, Liu A, Zhang J, Chu L, Hou X, Huang X, Xing Q, Bao Z. Transcriptomic analysis reveals PC4's participation in thermotolerance of scallop Argopecten irradians irradians by regulating myocardial bioelectric activity. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101295. [PMID: 39053238 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Rising ocean temperatures due to global warming pose a significant threat to the bay scallop aquaculture industry. Understanding the mechanisms of thermotolerance in bay scallops is crucial for developing thermotolerant breeds. Our prior research identified Arg0230340.1, part of the positive cofactor 4 (PC4) family, as a key gene associated with the thermotolerance index Arrhenius break temperature (ABT) in bay scallops. Further validation through RNA interference (RNAi) reinforced PC4's role in thermotolerance, offering a solid basis for investigating thermal response mechanisms in these scallops. In this study, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis on the temperature-sensitive hearts of bay scallops after siRNA-mediated RNAi targeting Arg0230340.1, to delve into the detailed molecular mechanism of PC4's participation in thermotolerance regulation. The analysis revealed that silencing Arg0230340.1 significantly reduced the expression of mitochondrial tRNA and rRNA, potentially affecting mitochondrial function and the heart's blood supply capacity. Conversely, the up-regulation of genes involved in energy metabolism, RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-mediated basal transcription, and aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis pathways points to an intrinsic protective response, providing energy and substrates for damage repair and maintenance of essential functions under stress. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the up-regulated genes were primarily associated with energy metabolism and spliceosome pathways, likely contributing to myocardial remodeling post-Arg0230340.1 knockdown. Down-regulated genes were enriched in ion channel pathways, particularly those for Na+, K+, and Ca2+ channels, whose dysfunction could disrupt normal myocardial bioelectric activity. The impaired cardiac performance resulting from RNAi targeting Arg0230340.1 reduced the cardiac workload in scallop hearts, thus affecting myocardial oxygen consumption and thermotolerance. We propose a hypothetical mechanism where PC4 down-regulation impairs cardiac bioelectric activity, leading to decreased thermotolerance in bay scallops, providing theoretical guidance for breeding thermotolerant scallop varieties and developing strategies for sustainable aquaculture in the face of long-term environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ancheng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Junhao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Longfei Chu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiujiang Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoting Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qiang Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
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Behbehani M, Uddin S, Habibi N, Al-Sarawi HA, Al-Enezi Y. The Reproductive Capacities of the Calanoid Copepods Parvocalanus crassirostis and Acartia pacifica under Different pH and Temperature Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2160. [PMID: 37443958 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and warming of marine waters have encouraged experiments on multi-stressor interactions in marine organisms. We conducted a multigenerational experiment to assess reproductive capacities regarding egg production in calanoid copepods Parvocalanus crassirostis and Acartia pacifica under different pH and temperature conditions. The experimental set-up allowed assessing the tandem effect of warming and acidification on the number of eggs produced by healthy copepod pairs under two pH conditions of 8.20 and 7.50 (hard selection) as well as with a gradual reduction of 0.05 pH units at each generation (soft selection). The results are quite interesting, with very diverse performance across temperatures. The number of eggs produced under hard selection was higher at pH 8.20 compared to pH 7.50 for both species, with the maximum number of eggs produced at 24-28 °C, whereas under soft selection, there was no significant difference in the egg production rate at 24-28 °C across generations and there was an improvement in the number of eggs produced at 8-16 °C. The results provide evidence that in a future ocean scenario of lower pH and higher temperature, the two species, and possibly the copepod population at large, might not decrease. Copepod populations might be resilient, and the transcriptomic evidence of adaptation to increased temperature and lower pH is a ray of hope. We believe further studies are needed to provide more robust datasets to underpin the hypothesis of adaptation to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montaha Behbehani
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Saif Uddin
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Nazima Habibi
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | | | - Yousef Al-Enezi
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
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Behbehani M, Uddin S, Dupont S, Fowler SW, Gorgun AU, Al-Enezi Y, Al-Musallam L, Kumar VV, Faizuddin M. Ocean Acidification-Mediated Food Chain Transfer of Polonium between Primary Producers and Consumers. TOXICS 2022; 11:14. [PMID: 36668740 PMCID: PMC9862112 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton and zooplankton are key marine components that play an important role in metal distribution through a food web transfer. An increased phytoplankton concentration as a result of ocean acidification and warming are well-established, along with the fact that phytoplankton biomagnify 210Po by 3−4 orders of magnitude compared to the seawater concentration. This experimental study is carried out to better understand the transfer of polonium between primary producers and consumers. The experimental produced data highlight the complex interaction between the polonium concentration in zooplankton food, i.e. phytoplankton, its excretion via defecated fecal pellets, and its bioaccumulation at ambient seawater pH and a lower pH of 7.7, typical of ocean acidification scenarios in the open ocean. The mass of copepods recovered was 11% less: 7.7 pH compared to 8.2. The effects of copepod species (n = 3), microalgae species (n = 3), pH (n = 2), and time (n = 4) on the polonium activity in the fecal pellets (expressed as % of the total activity introduced through feeding) was tested using an ANOVA 4. With the exception of time (model: F20, 215 = 176.84, p < 0.001; time: F3 = 1.76, p = 0.16), all tested parameters had an impact on the polonium activity (copepod species: F2 = 169.15, p < 0.0001; algae species: F2 = 10.21, p < 0.0001; pH: F1 = 9.85, p = 0.002) with complex interactions (copepod x algae: F2 = 19.48, p < 0.0001; copepod x pH: F2 = 10.54, p < 0.0001; algae x pH: F2 = 4.87, p = 0.009). The experimental data underpin the hypothesis that metal bioavailability and bioaccumulation will be enhanced in secondary consumers such as crustacean zooplankton due to ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montaha Behbehani
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Saif Uddin
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department for Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg 566, 451 78 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
- Radioecology Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Scott W. Fowler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794-5000, USA
| | - Aysun U. Gorgun
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova/İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yousef Al-Enezi
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Lamya Al-Musallam
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Vanitha V. Kumar
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Faizuddin
- Gulf Geoinformation Solutions, Hamariya Free Zone, P.O. Box 32223 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Chen H, Wang J, Zhuang Y, Yu W, Liu G. Reduced Fitness and Elevated Oxidative Stress in the Marine Copepod Tigriopus japonicus Exposed to the Toxic Dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2299. [PMID: 36421485 PMCID: PMC9687495 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi cause devastation to marine life, including declines of fitness and population recruitment. However, little is known about the effects of them on benthic copepods. Here, we assessed the acute and chronic effects of K. mikimotoi on the marine benthic copepod Tigriopus japonicus. Results showed that adult females maintained high survival (>85%) throughout 14-d incubation, but time-dependent reduction of survival was detected in the highest K. mikimotoi concentration, and nauplii and copepodites were more vulnerable compared to adults. Ingestion of K. mikimotoi depressed the grazing of copepods but significantly induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity, activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), and acetylcholinesterase. Under sublethal concentrations for two generations, K. mikimotoi reduced the fitness of copepods by prolonging development time and decreasing successful development rate, egg production, and the number of clutches. Our findings suggest that the bloom of K. mikimotoi may threaten copepod population recruitment, and its adverse effects are associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongju Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yunyun Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wenzhuo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Guangxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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Cui D, Liu L, Zhao T, Zhan Y, Song J, Zhang W, Yin D, Chang Y. Responses of sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus intermedius) with different sexes to CO 2-induced seawater acidification: Histology, physiology, and metabolomics. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 178:113606. [PMID: 35378459 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Responses of different sexes of farmed Strongylocentrotus intermedius to chronic CO2-induced seawater acidification were investigated in 120-day lab-based experiments. Four experimental groups were set up as one control group and three seawater acidification groups. The results showed that 1) Specific growth rate and the numbers of mature gamete cells declined in a pH-dependent way in both sexes of adult S. intermedius. 2) There were differences in SDMs identified in females and males reared in acidified seawater reflecting sex-specific response variation in adult S. intermedius. 3) The number of altered metabolic pathways exhibited a linear increasing trend as seawater pH declined in both sexes of adult S. intermedius. Meanwhile seawater acidification might affect metabolic processes via changing the relative expression and activity of key enzymes controlling the corresponding metabolic pathways of adult S. intermedius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China; College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Tanjun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Yaoyao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
| | - Jian Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Donghong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
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Saiz E, Griffell K, Olivares M, Solé M, Theodorou I, Calbet A. Reduction in thermal stress of marine copepods after physiological acclimation. JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH 2022; 44:427-442. [PMID: 35664084 PMCID: PMC9155217 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We studied the phenotypic response to temperature of the marine copepod Paracartia grani at the organismal and cellular levels. First, the acute (2 days) survival, feeding and reproductive performances at 6-35°C were determined. Survival was very high up to ca. 30°C and then dropped, whereas feeding and fecundity peaked at 23-27°C. An acclimation response developed after longer exposures (7 days), resulting in a decline of the biological rate processes. As a consequence, Q10 coefficients dropped from 2.6 to 1.6, and from 2.7 to 1.7 for ingestion and egg production, respectively. Due to the similarity in feeding and egg production thermal responses, gross-growth efficiencies did not vary with temperature. Respiration rates were less sensitive (lower Q10) and showed an opposite pattern, probably influenced by starvation during the incubations. The acclimation response observed in the organismal rate processes was accompanied by changes in body stoichiometry and in the antioxidant defense and cell-repair mechanisms. Predictions of direct effects of temperature on copepod performance should consider the reduction of Q10 coefficients due to the acclimation response. Copepod population dynamic models often use high Q10 values and may overestimate thermal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Saiz
- INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR (ICM–CSIC), PG. MARíTIM DE LA BARCELONETA 37-49, BARCELONA, CATALONIA 08003, SPAIN
| | - Kaiene Griffell
- INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR (ICM–CSIC), PG. MARíTIM DE LA BARCELONETA 37-49, BARCELONA, CATALONIA 08003, SPAIN
| | - Manuel Olivares
- INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR (ICM–CSIC), PG. MARíTIM DE LA BARCELONETA 37-49, BARCELONA, CATALONIA 08003, SPAIN
| | - Montserrat Solé
- INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR (ICM–CSIC), PG. MARíTIM DE LA BARCELONETA 37-49, BARCELONA, CATALONIA 08003, SPAIN
| | - Iason Theodorou
- INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR (ICM–CSIC), PG. MARíTIM DE LA BARCELONETA 37-49, BARCELONA, CATALONIA 08003, SPAIN
| | - Albert Calbet
- INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR (ICM–CSIC), PG. MARíTIM DE LA BARCELONETA 37-49, BARCELONA, CATALONIA 08003, SPAIN
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von Weissenberg E, Jansson A, Vuori KA, Engström‐Öst J. Copepod reproductive effort and oxidative status as responses to warming in the marine environment. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8594. [PMID: 35222966 PMCID: PMC8855334 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine ecosystems are under severe climate change-induced stress globally. The Baltic Sea is especially vulnerable to ongoing changes, such as warming. The aim of this study was to measure eco-physiological responses of a key copepod species to elevated temperature in an experiment, and by collecting field samples in the western Gulf of Finland. The potential trade-off between reproductive output and oxidative balance in copepods during thermal stress was studied by incubating female Acartia sp. for reproduction rate and oxidative stress measurements in ambient and elevated temperatures. Our field observations show that the glutathione cycle had a clear response in increasing stress and possibly had an important role in preventing oxidative damage: Lipid peroxidation and ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione were negatively correlated throughout the study. Moreover, glutathione-s-transferase activated in late July when the sea water temperature was exceptionally high and Acartia sp. experienced high oxidative stress. The combined effect of a heatwave, increased cyanobacteria, and decreased dinoflagellate abundance may have caused larger variability in reproductive output in the field. An increase of 7°C had a negative effect on egg production rate in the experiment. However, the effect on reproduction was relatively small, implying that Acartia sp. can tolerate warming at least within the temperature range of 9-16°C. However, our data from the experiment suggest a link between reproductive success and oxidative stress during warming, shown as a significant combined effect of temperature and catalase on egg production rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella von Weissenberg
- Tvärminne Zoological StationUniversity of HelsinkiHangöFinland
- Novia University of Applied SciencesEkenäsFinland
| | - Anna Jansson
- Novia University of Applied SciencesEkenäsFinland
| | - Kristiina A. Vuori
- Laboratory of Animal PhysiologyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of Equine and Small Animal MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
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Gorokhova E, El-Shehawy R. Antioxidant Responses in Copepods Are Driven Primarily by Food Intake, Not by Toxin-Producing Cyanobacteria in the Diet. Front Physiol 2022; 12:805646. [PMID: 35058807 PMCID: PMC8764287 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.805646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between oxidative processes and physiological responses has received much attention in ecotoxicity assessment. In the Baltic Sea, bloom-forming cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena is a significant producer of various bioactive compounds, and both positive and adverse effects on grazers feeding in cyanobacteria blooms are reported. To elucidate the effect mechanisms and species sensitivity to the cyanobacteria-dominating diet, we exposed two Baltic copepods, Acartia bifilosa and Eurytemora affinis, to a diet consisting of toxin-producing cyanobacteria N. spumigena and a high-quality food Rhodomonas salina at 0–300 μg C L−1; the control food was R. salina provided as a monodiet at the same food levels. The subcellular responses to food type and availability were assayed using a suite of biomarkers – antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferases (GST)] and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In parallel, we measured feeding activity using gut content (GC) assayed by real-time PCR analysis that quantified amounts of the prey DNA in copepod stomachs. As growth and reproduction endpoints, individual RNA content (a proxy for protein synthesis capacity), egg production rate (EPR), and egg viability (EV%) were used. In both toxic and nontoxic foods, copepod GC, RNA content, and EPR increased with food availability. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased with food availability regardless of the diet type. Moreover, CAT (both copepods), SOD, and GST (A. bifilosa) were upregulated in the copepods receiving cyanobacteria; the response was detectable when adjusted for the feeding and/or growth responses. By contrast, the diet effects were not significant when food concentration was used as a co-variable. A bimodal response in AChE was observed in A. bifilosa feeding on cyanobacteria, with up to 52% increase at the lower levels (5–25 μg C L−1) and 32% inhibition at the highest food concentrations. These findings contribute to the refinement of biomarker use for assessing environmental stress and mechanistic understanding of cyanobacteria effects in grazers. They also suggest that antioxidant and AChE responses to feeding activity and diet should be accounted for when using biomarker profiles in field-collected animals in the Baltic Sea and, perhaps other systems, where toxic cyanobacteria are common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gorokhova
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rehab El-Shehawy
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Baag S, Mandal S. Combined effects of ocean warming and acidification on marine fish and shellfish: A molecule to ecosystem perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149807. [PMID: 34450439 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is expected that by 2050 human population will exceed nine billion leading to increased pressure on marine ecosystems. Therefore, it is conjectured various levels of ecosystem functioning starting from individual to population-level, species distribution, food webs and trophic interaction dynamics will be severely jeopardized in coming decades. Ocean warming and acidification are two prime threats to marine biota, yet studies about their cumulative effect on marine fish and shellfishes are still in its infancy. This review assesses existing information regarding the interactive effects of global environmental factors like warming and acidification in the perspective of marine capture fisheries and aquaculture industry. As climate change continues, distribution pattern of species is likely to be altered which will impact fisheries and fishing patterns. Our work is an attempt to compile the existing literatures in the biological perspective of the above-mentioned stressors and accentuate a clear outline of knowledge in this subject. We reviewed studies deciphering the biological consequences of warming and acidification on fish and shellfishes in the light of a molecule to ecosystem perspective. Here, for the first time impacts of these two global environmental drivers are discussed in a holistic manner taking into account growth, survival, behavioural response, prey predator dynamics, calcification, biomineralization, reproduction, physiology, thermal tolerance, molecular level responses as well as immune system and disease susceptibility. We suggest urgent focus on more robust, long term, comprehensive and ecologically realistic studies that will significantly contribute to the understanding of organism's response to climate change for sustainable capture fisheries and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sritama Baag
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Sumit Mandal
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata 700073, India.
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Lehtiniemi M, Hartikainen S, Turja R, Lehtonen KK, Vepsäläinen J, Peräniemi S, Leskinen J, Setälä O. Exposure to leachates from post-consumer plastic and recycled rubber causes stress responses and mortality in a copepod Limnocalanus macrurus. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:113103. [PMID: 34741928 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effects of household post-consumer plastics and tyre rubber on a Baltic Sea copepod Limnocalanus macrurus were assessed. Fragments of commercial recycled low-density polyethylene vegetable bags and rubber originating from recycled car tyres were incubated in seawater, and the copepods were exposed to the filtrate of the water. L. macrurus experienced erratic swimming behaviour and increased mortality in the filtrate of unwashed vegetable bags, containing elevated concentrations of alcohols, organic acids and copper. Responses of the antioxidant defence system (ADS) were recorded in copepods exposed to rubber treatments containing high concentrations of zinc. Significant responses in the ADS enzymes indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was exceeding the detoxification capacity of the ADS which may further lead to prolonged state of oxidative stress. Observed effects of exposure on the biochemical level coincide with impaired swimming activity of the copepods, indicating possible irreversible cellular responses leading to behavioural changes and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiju Lehtiniemi
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Samuel Hartikainen
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raisa Turja
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari K Lehtonen
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Vepsäläinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sirpa Peräniemi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Leskinen
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Outi Setälä
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
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Impacts of hypoxic events surpass those of future ocean warming and acidification. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:311-321. [PMID: 33432134 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-01370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, three major challenges to marine life have emerged as a consequence of anthropogenic emissions: ocean warming, acidification and oxygen loss. While most experimental research has targeted the first two stressors, the last remains comparatively neglected. Here, we implemented sequential hierarchical mixed-model meta-analyses (721 control-treatment comparisons) to compare the impacts of oxygen conditions associated with the current and continuously intensifying hypoxic events (1-3.5 O2 mg l-1) with those experimentally yielded by ocean warming (+4 °C) and acidification (-0.4 units) conditions on the basis of IPCC projections (RCP 8.5) for 2100. In contrast to warming and acidification, hypoxic events elicited consistent negative effects relative to control biological performance-survival (-33%), abundance (-65%), development (-51%), metabolism (-33%), growth (-24%) and reproduction (-39%)-across the taxonomic groups (mollusks, crustaceans and fish), ontogenetic stages and climate regions studied. Our findings call for a refocus of global change experimental studies, integrating oxygen concentration drivers as a key factor of ocean change. Given potential combined effects, multistressor designs including gradual and extreme changes are further warranted to fully disclose the future impacts of ocean oxygen loss, warming and acidification.
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12
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Engström-Öst J, Kanerva M, Vuori K, Riebesell U, Spisla C, Glippa O. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defence responses in two marine copepods in a high CO 2 experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:140600. [PMID: 32717595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We collected samples for oxidative stress and antioxidants in a high CO2 mesocosm experiment for two weeks, focussing on two common crustacean copepods Calanus finmarchicus and Temora longicornis. The samples were collected during a field experiment campaign studying responses of plankton communities to future ocean acidification (OA), off the Norwegian coast south of Bergen. The main results showed that there were species-specific differences between Temora and Calanus, especially in antioxidant defences (glutathione system) and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation and reduced:oxidised glutathione ratio). Regular monitoring of chlorophyll a and jellyfish abundances taking place during the field campaign revealed that both chl a and predators may have affected the eco-physiological response. Antioxidant and oxidative stress levels are known to respond sensitively to both the food quality and quantity and the predator pressure, apart from environmental (i.e., abiotic) changes. Calanus was more robust towards OA, perhaps due to its high tolerance to a wide range of vertical physical-chemical conditions. Both top-down and bottom-up factors seem to play a role for the outcome of copepod responses to future ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirella Kanerva
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, JP-790-8577 Matsuyama, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kristiina Vuori
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulf Riebesell
- Geomar Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, DE-24148 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Carsten Spisla
- Geomar Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, DE-24148 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Olivier Glippa
- Novia University of Applied Sciences, FI-10600 Ekenäs, Finland
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13
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Effects of Temperature and pH on the Egg Production and Hatching Success of a Common Korean Copepod. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The recent accelerated ocean acidification and global warming caused by increased atmospheric carbon dioxide may have an impact on the physiology and ecology of marine animals. This study was conducted to determine the egg production rate (EPR) and hatching success (EHS) of Acartia ohtsukai in response to the combined effects of an increase in temperature and a lower pH. Acartiaohtsukai with fresh surface seawater were collected in the northwestern Yeoja Bay of Korea in September 2017. The temperature and pH conditions applied included two different pH levels (representing the present: 7.9 and the future: 7.6) and three temperature values (26 °C, 28 °C, and 30 °C). In the pH 7.9, EPR significantly increased with increased temperature, but in pH 7.6, it significantly decreased as the temperature increased. EHS was lower in pH 7.6 than in pH 7.9. These results suggest that changes in the marine environment due to global warming and ocean acidification may affect Acartia populations and cause overall fluctuations in copepods of the genus Acartia.
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14
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Han J, Lee JS, Park JC, Hagiwara A, Lee KW, Lee JS. Effects of temperature changes on life parameters, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense system in the monogonont marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 155:111062. [PMID: 32469753 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is a big concern for all organisms and many efforts have been made to reveal the potential effects of temperature elevation on aquatic organisms. However, limited studies on molecular mechanistic approaches on physiological effects due to temperature changes are available. Here, we investigated the effects of temperature changes on life parameters (e.g., population growth [total number of rotifers], and lifespan), oxidative stress levels and antioxidant activities (e.g., glutathione S-transferase [GST], catalase [CAT], superoxide dismutase [SOD]) with expression levels in the monogonont marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. The changes in temperatures led to significant reduction (P < 0.05) in lifespan, possibly due to significant decrease (P < 0.05) in antioxidant activities, reducing the potential to cope with significant elevation in the temperature-induced oxidative stress in B. plicatilis. To further assess the actual induction and clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), N-acetyl-L-cysteine was used to examine whether the temperature-induced oxidative stress could be successfully scavenged. Furthermore, expression patterns of the antioxidant-related genes (GSTs, SODs, and CATs) were down- or upregulated (P < 0.05) in response to different temperatures in B. plicatilis. Overall, these findings indicate that ROS-mediated oxidative stress led to cellular damage and antioxidant defense system, resulting in deleterious effects on life parameters in rotifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, South Korea; Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sol Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Institute of Integrated Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kyun-Woo Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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15
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Im H, Na J, Jung J. Multigenerational plasticity of Daphnia magna under thermal stress across ten generations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110400. [PMID: 32135379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of increasing temperature owing to thermal discharge and global warming on zooplanktons such as Daphnia magna are a growing concern. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of elevated temperature (25 °C) on oxidative stress responses, growth, and reproduction of D. magna across 10 generations. The number of offspring per female at 21 d was significantly increased and the rate of adult somatic growth (5-21 d) was decreased in the F0 generation at 25 °C compared with those at the reference temperature 20 °C. However, the F3 generation showed the lowest number of offspring and the highest adult somatic growth rate and oxidative stress responses (5 d) at 25 °C. Moreover, all life-history traits seemed to recover to the levels of the control group from the F6 generation at 20 °C. These findings suggest that D. magna under continuous thermal stress exhibits non-adaptive responses in the early generations (F0-F3) and changes to adaptive responses in the later generations (F6-F9). However, the underlying epigenetic mechanism should be identified in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjoon Im
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joorim Na
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Zhan Y, Cui D, Xing D, Zhang J, Zhang W, Li Y, Li C, Chang Y. CO 2-driven ocean acidification repressed the growth of adult sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius by impairing intestine function. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 153:110944. [PMID: 32056852 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Strongylocentrotus intermedius cultured in the northern Yellow Sea in China was utilized to evaluate the effects of chronic CO2-driven ocean acidification (OA) on adult sea urchins. Based on the projection of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), present natural seawater conditions (pHNBS = 8.10 ± 0.03) and three laboratory-controlled OA conditions (OA1, ΔpHNBS = - 0.3 units; OA2, ΔpHNBS = - 0.4 units; OA3, ΔpHNBS = - 0.5 units) were employed. After 60-day incubation, our results showed that (1) OA significantly repressed the growth of adult S. intermedius; (2) food consumption tended to be decreased with pH decline; (3) intestinal morphology was changed, and activities of intestinal cellulase and lipase were decreased under acidified conditions; (4) expression levels of two immune-related genes (SiTNF14 and SiTGF-β) were altered; (5) rate-limiting enzyme activities of the glycolytic pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TAC) were changed in all OA treatments compared to those of controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Dongyao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Dongfei Xing
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Cong Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China.
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
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17
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Barka S, Gdara I, Ouanes-Ben Othmen Z, Mouelhi S, El Bour M, Hamza-Chaffai A. Seasonal ecotoxicological monitoring of freshwater zooplankton in Bir Mcherga dam (Tunisia). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:5670-5680. [PMID: 30693446 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dams represent large semi-closed reservoirs of pesticides and various organic and inorganic pollutants from agricultural and human activities, and their monitoring should receive special attention. This study evaluated the environmental health status of Bir Mcherga dam using zooplankton species. The dam has a capacity of 130 Mm3 and its waters are used for irrigation, water drinking supply, and fishery. Copepods and cladocerans (crustaceans) were collected in situ monthly between October and August 2012. Oxidative stress (CAT, MDA), neurotoxicity (AChE), and genotoxicity (micronucleus test) biomarkers were analyzed in two zooplankton species: Acanthocyclops robustus and Diaphanosoma mongolianum. High values of cells with a micronucleus were observed during summer. AChE activities were inhibited during early winter and summer. The high seasonal variability of CAT and MDA levels indicates that zooplankton is continuously exposed to different oxidative stresses. These results suggest that there is an obvious and continuous multi-faceted stress in Bir Mcherga reservoir and, consequently, an urgent monitoring of freshwater environments in Tunisia is needed, particularly those intended for human consumption and irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabria Barka
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
- Unité de Recherche de Toxicologie Environnementale et Marine, UR 09-03, IPEIS, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Imene Gdara
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Unité de Recherche de Toxicologie Environnementale et Marine, UR 09-03, IPEIS, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zouhour Ouanes-Ben Othmen
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Unité de Recherche de Toxicologie Environnementale et Marine, UR 09-03, IPEIS, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Samia Mouelhi
- Unité de Recherche de Biologie Animale et Systématique Evolutive 2092, Campus Universitaire, Manar II, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Monia El Bour
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Biodiversité Aquatiques, National Institute of Sea Sciences and Technologies INSTM, Salammbô, Tunisia
| | - Amel Hamza-Chaffai
- Unité de Recherche de Toxicologie Environnementale et Marine, UR 09-03, IPEIS, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
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18
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Carlsson P, Rita D. Sedimentation of Nodularia spumigena and distribution of nodularin in the food web during transport of a cyanobacterial bloom from the Baltic Sea to the Kattegat. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 86:74-83. [PMID: 31358279 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nodularia spumigena is a toxic cyanobacteria that blooms in the Baltic Sea every year. In the brackish water of the Baltic Sea, its toxin, nodularin, mainly affects the biota in the surface water due to the natural buoyancy of this species. However, the fate of the toxin is unknown, once the cyanobacteria bloom enters the more saline waters of the Kattegat. In order to investigate this knowledge gap, a bloom of N. spumigena was followed during its passage, carried by surface currents, from the Baltic Sea into the Kattegat area, through the Öresund strait. N. spumigena cells showed an increased cell concentration through the water column during the passage of the bloom (up to 130 103 cells ml-1), and cells (4.2 103 cells ml-1) could be found down to 20 m depth, below a pycnocline. Sedimentation trap samples from below the pycnocline (10-12 m depth) also showed an increased sedimentation of N. spumigena filaments during the passage of the bloom. The toxin nodularin was detected both in water samples (0.3-6.0 μg l-1), samples of sedimenting material (a toxin accumulation rate of 20 μg m-2 day-1), zooplankton (up to 0.1 ng ind.-1 in copepods), blue mussels (70-230 μg kg-1 DW), pelagic and benthic fish (herring (1.0-3.4 μg kg-1 DW in herring muscle or liver) and flounder (1.3-6.2 μg kg-1 DW in muscle, and 11.7-26.3 μg kg-1 DW in liver). A laboratory experiment showed that N. spumigena filaments developed a decreased buoyancy at increased salinities and that they were even sinking with a rate of up to 1,7 m day-1 at the highest salinity (32 PSU). This has implications for the fate of brackish water cyanobacterial blooms, when these reach more saline waters. It can be speculated that a significant part of the blooms content of nodularin will reach benthic organisms in this situation, compared to blooms decaying in brackish water, where most of the bloom is considered to be decomposed in the surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Carlsson
- Lund University, Dept. of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Diego Rita
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Ek C, Garbaras A, Yu Z, Oskarsson H, Wiklund AKE, Kumblad L, Gorokhova E. Increase in stable isotope ratios driven by metabolic alterations in amphipods exposed to the beta-blocker propranolol. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211304. [PMID: 31095563 PMCID: PMC6522046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressures, such as contaminant exposure, may affect stable isotope ratios in biota. These changes are driven by alterations in the nutrient allocation and metabolic pathways induced by specific stressors. In a controlled microcosm study with the amphipod Gammarus spp., we studied effects of the β-blocker propranolol on stable isotope signatures (δ15N and δ13C), elemental composition (%C and %N), and growth (protein content and body size) as well as biomarkers of oxidative status (antioxidant capacity, ORAC; lipid peroxidation, TBARS) and neurological activity (acetylcholinesterase, AChE). Based on the known effects of propranolol exposure on cellular functions, i.e., its mode of action (MOA), we expected to observe a lower scope for growth, accompanied by a decrease in protein deposition, oxidative processes and AChE inhibition, with a resulting increase in the isotopic signatures. The observed responses in growth, biochemical and elemental variables supported most of these predictions. In particular, an increase in %N was observed in the propranolol exposures, whereas both protein allocation and body size declined. Moreover, both ORAC and TBARS levels decreased with increasing propranolol concentration, with the decrease being more pronounced for TBARS, which indicates the prevalence of the antioxidative processes. These changes resulted in a significant increase of the δ15N and δ13C values in the propranolol-exposed animals compared to the control. These findings suggest that MOA of β-blockers may be used to predict sublethal effects in non-target species, including inhibited AChE activity, improved oxidative balance, and elevated stable isotope ratios. The latter also indicates that metabolism-driven responses to environmental contaminants can alter stable isotope signatures, which should be taken into account when interpreting trophic interactions in the food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ek
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrius Garbaras
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center for Physical Science and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hanna Oskarsson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science, Stockholm University, Svante Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Linda Kumblad
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science, Stockholm University, Svante Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Gorokhova
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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20
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Eco-physiological responses of copepods and pteropods to ocean warming and acidification. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4748. [PMID: 30894601 PMCID: PMC6426838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We compare physiological responses of the crustacean copepod Calanus pacificus and pelagic pteropod mollusk Limacina helicina to ocean temperatures and pH by measuring biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidant defences, and the activity of the respiratory electron transport system in organisms collected on the 2016 West Coast Ocean Acidification cruise in the California Current System. Copepods and pteropods exhibited strong but divergent responses in the same habitat; copepods had higher oxygen-reactive absorbance capacity, glutathione-S-transferase, and total glutathione content. The ratio between reduced to oxidised glutathione was higher in copepods than in pteropods, indicating lower oxidative stress in copepods. Pteropods showed higher activities of glutathione reductase, catalase, and lipid peroxidation, indicating increased antioxidant defences and oxidative stress. Thus, the antioxidant defence system of the copepods has a greater capacity to respond to oxidative stress, while pteropods already face severe stress and show limited capacity to deal with further changes. The results suggest that copepods have higher adaptive potential, owing to their stronger vertical migration behaviour and efficient glutathione metabolism, whereas pteropods run the risk of oxidative stress and mortality under high CO2 conditions. Our results provide a unique dataset and evidence of stress-inducing mechanisms behind pteropod ocean acidification responses.
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21
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Bowman LL, Kondrateva ES, Timofeyev MA, Yampolsky LY. Temperature gradient affects differentiation of gene expression and SNP allele frequencies in the dominant Lake Baikal zooplankton species. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:2544-2559. [PMID: 29691934 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity are main mechanisms of organisms' resilience in changing environments. Both are affected by gene flow and are expected to be weak in zooplankton populations inhabiting large continuous water bodies and strongly affected by currents. Lake Baikal, the deepest and one of the coldest lakes on Earth, experienced epilimnion temperature increase during the last 100 years, exposing Baikal's zooplankton to novel selective pressures. We obtained a partial transcriptome of Epischura baikalensis (Copepoda: Calanoida), the dominant component of Baikal's zooplankton, and estimated SNP allele frequencies and transcript abundances in samples from regions of Baikal that differ in multiyear average surface temperatures. The strongest signal in both SNP and transcript abundance differentiation is the SW-NE gradient along the 600+ km long axis of the lake, suggesting isolation by distance. SNP differentiation is stronger for nonsynonymous than synonymous SNPs and is paralleled by differential survival during a laboratory exposure to increased temperature, indicating directional selection operating on the temperature gradient. Transcript abundance, generally collinear with the SNP differentiation, shows samples from the warmest, less deep location clustering together with the southernmost samples. Differential expression is more frequent among transcripts orthologous to candidate thermal response genes previously identified in model arthropods, including genes encoding cytoskeleton proteins, heat-shock proteins, proteases, enzymes of central energy metabolism, lipid and antioxidant pathways. We conclude that the pivotal endemic zooplankton species in Lake Baikal exists under temperature-mediated selection and possesses both genetic variation and plasticity to respond to novel temperature-related environmental pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry L Bowman
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Elizaveta S Kondrateva
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia.,Baikal Research Centre, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Maxim A Timofeyev
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Lev Y Yampolsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
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22
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Glippa O, Engström-Öst J, Kanerva M, Rein A, Vuori K. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense responses in Acartia copepods in relation to environmental factors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195981. [PMID: 29652897 PMCID: PMC5898752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
On a daily basis, planktonic organisms migrate vertically and thus experience widely varying conditions in their physico-chemical environment. In the Gulf of Finland, these changes are larger than values predicted by climate change scenarios predicted for the next century (up to 0.5 units in pH and 5°C in temperature). In this work, we are interested in how temporal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of the water column on a daily and weekly scale influence oxidative stress level and antioxidant responses in the planktonic copepod of the genus Acartia. Responses were determined from samples collected during a two-week field survey in the western Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Our results showed that GST (Glutathione-S-transferase) enzyme activity increased in the surface waters between Weeks I and II, indicating antioxidant defense mechanism activation. This is most likely due to elevating temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen observed between these two weeks. During Week II also GSSG (oxidized glutathione) was detected, indicating that copepods responded to stressor(s) in the environment. Our results suggest that Acartia copepods seem fairly tolerant to weekly fluctuations in environmental conditions in coastal and estuarine areas, in terms of antioxidant defense and oxidative stress. This could be directly connected to a very efficient glutathione cycling system acting as antioxidant defense system for neutralizing ROS and avoiding elevated levels of LPX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Glippa
- Novia University of Applied Sciences, Ekenäs, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Mirella Kanerva
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anni Rein
- Novia University of Applied Sciences, Ekenäs, Finland
| | - Kristiina Vuori
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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23
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Wolf R, Thrane JE, Hessen DO, Andersen T. Modelling ROS formation in boreal lakes from interactions between dissolved organic matter and absorbed solar photon flux. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 132:331-339. [PMID: 29339305 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are increasing in a large number of lakes across the Northern hemisphere. This browning serves a dual role for biota by protecting against harmful ultraviolet radiation, while also absorbing photosynthetically active radiation. The photochemical activation of DOM and subsequent formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a potentially harmful side effect, but can be difficult to measure directly in situ. In this study, we combine a data set of physico-chemical properties from 71 Nordic lakes with in vitro ROS formation quantum yields to predict ROS formations across a representative boreal ecosystem gradient. For the upper centimeter of the water column, we calculate ROS formations in the range of 7.93-12.56 μmol L-1 h-1. In the first meter, they range between 1.69 and 6.69 μmol L-1 h-1 and in the remaining depth the range is 0.01-0.46 μmol L-1 h-1. These ROS formations are comparable with previously field-measured hydrogen peroxide formation rates and likely affect both phyto- and zooplankton, as well as lake chemistry. Interestingly, wavelengths of the visible spectrum (>400 nm) contribute more than half of the overall ROS formation in surface-near water layers. The association between DOM and ROS formation was found to be two-fold. While DOM promotes ROS formation in the first centimeters of the water column, the shading effect of light attenuation overpowers this with increasing depth. In the context of water browning, our results indicate the emergence of an underestimated oxidative stress environment for lake biota in the upper centimeters of the water column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Wolf
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jan-Erik Thrane
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Section for Freshwater Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Olav Hessen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Andersen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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24
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Wang M, Jeong CB, Lee YH, Lee JS. Effects of ocean acidification on copepods. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 196:17-24. [PMID: 29324394 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) leads to significant changes in seawater carbon chemistry, broadly affects marine organisms, and considered as a global threat to the fitness of marine ecosystems. Due to the crucial role of copepods in marine food webs of transferring energy from primary producers to higher trophic levels, numerous studies have been conducted to examine the impacts of OA on biological traits of copepods such as growth and reproduction. Under OA stress, the copepods demonstrated species-specific and stage-dependent responses. Notably, different populations of the same copepod species demonstrated different sensitivities to the increased pCO2. In copepods, the deleterious effects of OA are also reinforced by other naturally occurring co-stressors (e.g., thermal stress, food deprivation, and metal pollution). Given that most OA stress studies have focused on the effects of short-term exposure (shorter than a single generation), experiments using adults might have underestimated the damaging effects of OA and the long-term multigenerational exposure to multiple stressors (e.g., increased pCO2 and food shortage) will be required. Particularly, omics-based technologies (e.g., genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) will be helpful to better understand the underlying processes behind biological responses (e.g., survival, development, and offspring production) at the mechanistic level which will improve our predictions of the responses of copepods to climate change stressors including OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Xiamen University), Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Young Hwan Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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25
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Li F, Shi J, Cheung SG, Shin PKS, Liu X, Sun Y, Mu F. The combined effects of elevated pCO 2 and food availability on Tigriopus japonicus Mori larval development, reproduction, and superoxide dismutase activity. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 126:623-628. [PMID: 28365018 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that ocean acidification has little effect on adult Tigriopus japonicus copepods, and mainly impairs the early development and reproduction of females. This study investigated the possible interactive effect between CO2-induced seawater acidification and food availability on larval development and reproductive output in T. japonicus. Copepods were exposed to either pH8.1 or pH7.3 under different food concentrations (0.5×104-80.0×104cells/mL). Both the development of nauplii and copepodites was delayed at pH7.3 with a greater effect at lower food concentrations. The reproductive output followed a bell-shaped curve with the highest reproductive output at food concentrations between 30×104 and 40×104cells/mL. As an indicator of oxidative stress, the activity of superoxide dismutase increased at lower pH, with a greater increase at lower food concentrations. Therefore, the effect of elevated pCO2 on T. japonicus was food dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiahui Shi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - S G Cheung
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - P K S Shin
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoshou Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Fanghong Mu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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26
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Foo SA, Byrne M. Marine gametes in a changing ocean: Impacts of climate change stressors on fecundity and the egg. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 128:12-24. [PMID: 28237403 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In marine invertebrates, the environmental history of the mother can influence fecundity and egg size. Acclimation of females in climate change stressors, increased temperature and low pH, results in a decrease in egg number and size in many taxa, with the exception of cephalopods, where eggs increase in size. With respect to spawned eggs, near future levels of ocean acidification can interfere with the egg's block to polyspermy and intracellular pH. Reduction of the extracellular egg jelly coat seen in low pH conditions has implications for impaired egg function and fertilization. Some fast generation species (e.g. copepods, polychaetes) have shown restoration of female reproductive output after several generations in treatments. It will be important to determine if the changes to egg number and size induced by exposure to climate change stressors are heritable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna A Foo
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Maria Byrne
- Schools of Medical and Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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27
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Zhan Y, Hu W, Zhang W, Liu M, Duan L, Huang X, Chang Y, Li C. The impact of CO 2-driven ocean acidification on early development and calcification in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 112:291-302. [PMID: 27522173 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of CO2-driven ocean acidification(OA) on early development and calcification in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius cultured in northern Yellow Sea was investigated by comparing fertilization success, early cleavage rate, hatching rate of blastulae, larvae survival rate at 70h post-fertilization, larval morphology and calcification under present natural seawater condition (pH=8.00±0.03) and three laboratory-controlled acidified conditions (OA1, △pH=-0.3units; OA2, △pH=-0.4units; OA3, △pH=-0.5units) projected by IPCC for 2100. Results showed that pH decline had no effect on the overall fertilization, however, with decreased pH, delayed early embryonic cleavage, reduced hatching rate of blastulae and four-armed larvae survival rate at 70h post-fertilization, impaired larval symmetry, shortened larval spicules, and corrosion spicule structure were observed in all OA-treated groups as compared to control, which indicated that CO2-driven OA affected early development and calcification in S. intermedius negatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Wanbin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Minbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Lizhu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xianya Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
| | - Cong Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
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28
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Ibrahim A, Souissi A, Leray A, Héliot L, Vandenbunder B, Souissi S. Myofibril Changes in the Copepod Pseudodiaptomus marinus Exposed to Haline and Thermal Stresses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164770. [PMID: 27824880 PMCID: PMC5100916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Copepods are small crustaceans capable to survive in various aquatic environments. Their responses to changes in different external factors such as salinity and temperature can be observed at different integration levels from copepod genes to copepod communities. Until now, no thorough observation of the temperature or salinity effect stresses on copepods has been done by optical microscopy. In this study, we used autofluorescence to visualize these effects on the morphology of the calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus marinus maintained during several generations in the laboratory at favorable and stable conditions of salinity (30 psu) and temperature (18°C). Four different stress experiments were conducted: at a sharp decrease in temperature (18 to 4°C), a moderate decrease in salinity (from 30 to 15 psu), a major decrease in salinity (from 30 to 0 psu), and finally a combined stress with a decrease in both temperature and salinity (from 18°C and 30 psu to 4°C and 0 psu). After these stresses, images acquired by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed changes in copepod cuticle and muscle structure. Low salinity and/or temperature stresses affected both the detection of fluorescence emitted by muscle sarcomeres and the distance between them. In the remaining paper we will use the term sarcomeres to describe the elements located within sarcomeres and emitted autofluorescence signals. Quantitative study showed an increase in the average distance between two consecutive sarcomeres from 2.06 +/- 0.11 μm to 2.44 +/- 0.42 μm and 2.88 +/- 0.45μm after the exposure to major haline stress (18°C, 0 psu) and the combined stress (4°C, 0 psu), respectively. These stresses also caused cuticle cracks which often occurred at the same location, suggesting the cuticle as a sensitive area for osmoregulation. Our results suggest the use of cuticular and muscle autofluorescence as new biomarkers of stress detectable in formalin-preserved P. marinus individuals. Our label-free method can be easily applied to a large number of other copepod species or invertebrates with striated musculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ibrahim
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute, USR 3078 CNRS, University of Lille –Parc scientifique de la Haute Borne, 59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Cote d’Opale, UMR 8187 LOG, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930, Wimereux, France
| | - Anissa Souissi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Cote d’Opale, UMR 8187 LOG, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930, Wimereux, France
| | - Aymeric Leray
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute, USR 3078 CNRS, University of Lille –Parc scientifique de la Haute Borne, 59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Laurent Héliot
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute, USR 3078 CNRS, University of Lille –Parc scientifique de la Haute Borne, 59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Bernard Vandenbunder
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute, USR 3078 CNRS, University of Lille –Parc scientifique de la Haute Borne, 59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Cote d’Opale, UMR 8187 LOG, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930, Wimereux, France
- * E-mail:
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29
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Munari M, Chemello G, Finos L, Ingrosso G, Giani M, Marin MG. Coping with seawater acidification and the emerging contaminant diclofenac at the larval stage: A tale from the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 160:293-302. [PMID: 27391052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Seawater acidification could alter the susceptibility of marine organisms to emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals. In this study, the combined effects of seawater acidification and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac on survival, growth and oxidative stress-related parameters (catalase activity and lipid peroxidation) in the larvae of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum were investigated for the first time. An experimental flow-through system was set up to carry out a 96-h exposure of clam larvae. Two pH levels (pH 8.0, the control, and pH 7.8, the predicted pH by the end of this century) were tested with and without diclofenac (0.5 μg/L). After 4 days, mortality was dramatically higher under reduced pH, particularly in the presence of diclofenac (62% of the larvae dead). Shell morphology was negatively affected by both acidification and diclofenac from the first day of exposure. The percentage of abnormal larvae was always higher at pH 7.8 than in controls, peaking at 98% in the presence of diclofenac after 96 h. Instead, shell length, shell height or the ratio of these values were only negatively influenced by reduced pH throughout the whole experiment. After 96 h, catalase activity was significantly increased in all larvae kept at pH 7.8, whereas no significant difference in lipid peroxidation was found among the treatments. This study demonstrates a high susceptibility of R. philippinarum larvae to a slight reduction in seawater pH. Furthermore, the results obtained highlight that acidification enhances the sensitivity of clam larvae to environmentally relevant concentrations of diclofenac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Munari
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giulia Chemello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Finos
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Ingrosso
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale, Sezione di Oceanografia, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151 S. Croce (TS), Italy
| | - Michele Giani
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale, Sezione di Oceanografia, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151 S. Croce (TS), Italy
| | - Maria G Marin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
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30
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Wolf R, Andersen T, Hessen DO, Hylland K. The influence of dissolved organic carbon and ultraviolet radiation on the genomic integrity of
Daphnia magna. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Wolf
- Department of Biosciences University of Oslo 0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Tom Andersen
- Department of Biosciences University of Oslo 0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Dag O. Hessen
- Department of Biosciences University of Oslo 0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Ketil Hylland
- Department of Biosciences University of Oslo 0316 Oslo Norway
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31
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Blenckner T, Österblom H, Larsson P, Andersson A, Elmgren R. Baltic Sea ecosystem-based management under climate change: Synthesis and future challenges. AMBIO 2015; 44 Suppl 3:507-515. [PMID: 26022332 PMCID: PMC4447697 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-015-0661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem-based management (EBM) has emerged as the generally agreed strategy for managing ecosystems, with humans as integral parts of the managed system. Human activities have substantial effects on marine ecosystems, through overfishing, eutrophication, toxic pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change. It is important to advance the scientific knowledge of the cumulative, integrative, and interacting effects of these diverse activities, to support effective implementation of EBM. Based on contributions to this special issue of AMBIO, we synthesize the scientific findings into four components: pollution and legal frameworks, ecosystem processes, scale-dependent effects, and innovative tools and methods. We conclude with challenges for the future, and identify the next steps needed for successful implementation of EBM in general and specifically for the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Blenckner
- />Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Österblom
- />Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Larsson
- />Institute of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Agneta Andersson
- />Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ragnar Elmgren
- />Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Karlson AML, Duberg J, Motwani NH, Hogfors H, Klawonn I, Ploug H, Barthel Svedén J, Garbaras A, Sundelin B, Hajdu S, Larsson U, Elmgren R, Gorokhova E. Nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria stimulates production in Baltic food webs. AMBIO 2015; 44 Suppl 3:413-26. [PMID: 26022324 PMCID: PMC4447702 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-015-0660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria form extensive summer blooms in the Baltic Sea. Their ability to fix dissolved N2 allows cyanobacteria to circumvent the general summer nitrogen limitation, while also generating a supply of novel bioavailable nitrogen for the food web. However, the fate of the nitrogen fixed by cyanobacteria remains unresolved, as does its importance for secondary production in the Baltic Sea. Here, we synthesize recent experimental and field studies providing strong empirical evidence that cyanobacterial nitrogen is efficiently assimilated and transferred in Baltic food webs via two major pathways: directly by grazing on fresh or decaying cyanobacteria and indirectly through the uptake by other phytoplankton and microbes of bioavailable nitrogen exuded from cyanobacterial cells. This information is an essential step toward guiding nutrient management to minimize noxious blooms without overly reducing secondary production, and ultimately most probably fish production in the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes M. L. Karlson
- />Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon Duberg
- />Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nisha H. Motwani
- />Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Hogfors
- />AquaBiota Water Research, Löjtnantsgatan 25, 115 50 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabell Klawonn
- />Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helle Ploug
- />Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jennie Barthel Svedén
- />Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrius Garbaras
- />Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu 231, 02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Brita Sundelin
- />Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Hajdu
- />Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Larsson
- />Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ragnar Elmgren
- />Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Gorokhova
- />Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Bloom-forming cyanobacteria support copepod reproduction and development in the Baltic Sea. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112692. [PMID: 25409500 PMCID: PMC4237358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that summer cyanobacterial blooms cannot be efficiently utilized by grazers due to low nutritional quality and production of toxins; however the evidence for such effects in situ is often contradictory. Using field and experimental observations on Baltic copepods and bloom-forming diazotrophic filamentous cyanobacteria, we show that cyanobacteria may in fact support zooplankton production during summer. To highlight this side of zooplankton-cyanobacteria interactions, we conducted: (1) a field survey investigating linkages between cyanobacteria, reproduction and growth indices in the copepod Acartia tonsa; (2) an experiment testing relationships between ingestion of the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena (measured by molecular diet analysis) and organismal responses (oxidative balance, reproduction and development) in the copepod A. bifilosa; and (3) an analysis of long term (1999–2009) data testing relationships between cyanobacteria and growth indices in nauplii of the copepods, Acartia spp. and Eurytemora affinis, in a coastal area of the northern Baltic proper. In the field survey, N. spumigena had positive effects on copepod egg production and egg viability, effectively increasing their viable egg production. By contrast, Aphanizomenon sp. showed a negative relationship with egg viability yet no significant effect on the viable egg production. In the experiment, ingestion of N. spumigena mixed with green algae Brachiomonas submarina had significant positive effects on copepod oxidative balance, egg viability and development of early nauplial stages, whereas egg production was negatively affected. Finally, the long term data analysis identified cyanobacteria as a significant positive predictor for the nauplial growth in Acartia spp. and E. affinis. Taken together, these results suggest that bloom forming diazotrophic cyanobacteria contribute to feeding and reproduction of zooplankton during summer and create a favorable growth environment for the copepod nauplii.
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Furuhagen S, Liewenborg B, Breitholtz M, Gorokhova E. Feeding activity and xenobiotics modulate oxidative status in Daphnia magna: implications for ecotoxicological testing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:12886-12892. [PMID: 25247638 DOI: 10.1021/es5044722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To apply biomarkers of oxidative stress in laboratory and field settings, an understanding of their responses to changes in physiological rates is important. The evidence is accumulating that caloric intake can increase production of reactive oxygen species and thus affect background variability of oxidative stress biomarkers in ecotoxicological testing. This study aimed to delineate effects of food intake and xenobiotics on oxidative biomarkers in Daphnia magna. Antioxidant capacity measured as oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and lipid peroxidation assayed as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured. Food intake was manipulated by varying food densities or by exposing the animals to chemicals inhibiting feeding rate (pharmaceutical haloperidol and pesticide lindane). Feeding rate proved to affect both protein, ORAC, and TBARS in unexposed daphnids. However, there was no significant effect of feeding rate on the protein-specific ORAC values. Both substances affected individual protein and ORAC levels and changed their relationship to feeding rate. Our results show that inhibition of feeding rate influenced the interpretation of biomarker response and further emphasize the importance of understanding (1) baseline variability in potential biomarkers due to variations in metabolic state and (2) the contribution of feeding rate on toxic response of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Furuhagen
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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35
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Karlson AML, Gorokhova E, Elmgren R. Nitrogen fixed by cyanobacteria is utilized by deposit-feeders. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104460. [PMID: 25105967 PMCID: PMC4126700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Benthic communities below the photic zone depend for food on allochthonous organic matter derived from seasonal phytoplankton blooms. In the Baltic Sea, the spring diatom bloom is considered the most important input of organic matter, whereas the contribution of the summer bloom dominated by diazotrophic cyanobacteria is less understood. The possible increase in cyanobacteria blooms as a consequence of eutrophication and climate change calls for evaluation of cyanobacteria effects on benthic community functioning and productivity. Here, we examine utilization of cyanobacterial nitrogen by deposit-feeding benthic macrofauna following a cyanobacteria bloom at three stations during two consecutive years and link these changes to isotopic niche and variations in body condition (assayed as C:N ratio) of the animals. Since nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria have δ15N close to -2‰, we expected the δ15N in the deposit-feeders to decrease after the bloom if their assimilation of cyanobacteria-derived nitrogen was substantial. We also expected the settled cyanobacteria with their associated microheterotrophic community and relatively high nitrogen content to increase the isotopic niche area, trophic diversity and dietary divergence between individuals (estimated as the nearest neighbour distance) in the benthic fauna after the bloom. The three surface-feeding species (Monoporeia affinis, Macoma balthica and Marenzelleria arctia) showed significantly lower δ15N values after the bloom, while the sub-surface feeder Pontoporeia femorata did not. The effect of the bloom on isotopic niche varied greatly between stations; populations which increased niche area after the bloom had better body condition than populations with reduced niche, regardless of species. Thus, cyanobacterial nitrogen is efficiently integrated into the benthic food webs in the Baltic, with likely consequences for their functioning, secondary production, transfer efficiency, trophic interactions, and intra- and interspecific competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes M L Karlson
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Gorokhova
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ragnar Elmgren
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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