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Hodapp D, Roca IT, Fiorentino D, Garilao C, Kaschner K, Kesner-Reyes K, Schneider B, Segschneider J, Kocsis ÁT, Kiessling W, Brey T, Froese R. Climate change disrupts core habitats of marine species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3304-3317. [PMID: 36789726 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Driven by climate change, marine biodiversity is undergoing a phase of rapid change that has proven to be even faster than changes observed in terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding how these changes in species composition will affect future marine life is crucial for conservation management, especially due to increasing demands for marine natural resources. Here, we analyse predictions of a multiparameter habitat suitability model covering the global projected ranges of >33,500 marine species from climate model projections under three CO2 emission scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5) up to the year 2100. Our results show that the core habitat area will decline for many species, resulting in a net loss of 50% of the core habitat area for almost half of all marine species in 2100 under the high-emission scenario RCP8.5. As an additional consequence of the continuing distributional reorganization of marine life, gaps around the equator will appear for 8% (RCP2.6), 24% (RCP4.5), and 88% (RCP8.5) of marine species with cross-equatorial ranges. For many more species, continuous distributional ranges will be disrupted, thus reducing effective population size. In addition, high invasion rates in higher latitudes and polar regions will lead to substantial changes in the ecosystem and food web structure, particularly regarding the introduction of new predators. Overall, our study highlights that the degree of spatial and structural reorganization of marine life with ensued consequences for ecosystem functionality and conservation efforts will critically depend on the realized greenhouse gas emission pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Hodapp
- Helmholtz-Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Irene T Roca
- Helmholtz-Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de simulation socio-écologique (LISSÉ), Université de Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Gatineau, Canada
| | - Dario Fiorentino
- Helmholtz-Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | - Kristin Kaschner
- Department of Biometry and Environmental Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Schneider
- Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ádám T Kocsis
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kiessling
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brey
- Helmholtz-Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rainer Froese
- GEOMAR Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
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Avila C, Buñuel X, Carmona F, Cotado A, Sacristán-Soriano O, Angulo-Preckler C. Would Antarctic Marine Benthos Survive Alien Species Invasions? What Chemical Ecology May Tell Us. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20090543. [PMID: 36135732 PMCID: PMC9501038 DOI: 10.3390/md20090543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Antarctic marine benthic macroinvertebrates are chemically protected against predation by marine natural products of different types. Antarctic potential predators mostly include sea stars (macropredators) and amphipod crustaceans (micropredators) living in the same areas (sympatric). Recently, alien species (allopatric) have been reported to reach the Antarctic coasts, while deep-water crabs are suggested to be more often present in shallower waters. We decided to investigate the effect of the chemical defenses of 29 representative Antarctic marine benthic macroinvertebrates from seven different phyla against predation by using non-native allopatric generalist predators as a proxy for potential alien species. The Antarctic species tested included 14 Porifera, two Cnidaria, two Annelida, one Nemertea, two Bryozooa, three Echinodermata, and five Chordata (Tunicata). Most of these Antarctic marine benthic macroinvertebrates were chemically protected against an allopatric generalist amphipod but not against an allopatric generalist crab from temperate waters. Therefore, both a possible recolonization of large crabs from deep waters or an invasion of non-native generalist crab species could potentially alter the fundamental nature of these communities forever since chemical defenses would not be effective against them. This, together with the increasing temperatures that elevate the probability of alien species surviving, is a huge threat to Antarctic marine benthos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934020161
| | - Xavier Buñuel
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Carmona
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Cotado
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Oriol Sacristán-Soriano
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut Català de Recerca de l’Aigua, c/Emili Grahit, 101 (Edifici H2O-ICRA), 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Angulo-Preckler
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) & Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Metabolic plasticity improves lobster's resilience to ocean warming but not to climate-driven novel species interactions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4412. [PMID: 35292683 PMCID: PMC8924167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine species not only suffer from direct effects of warming oceans but also indirectly via the emergence of novel species interactions. While metabolic adjustments can be crucial to improve resilience to warming, it is largely unknown if this improves performance relative to novel competitors. We aimed to identify if spiny lobsters—inhabiting a global warming and species re-distribution hotspot—align their metabolic performance to improve resilience to both warming and novel species interactions. We measured metabolic and escape capacity of two Australian spiny lobsters, resident Jasus edwardsii and the range-shifting Sagmariasus verreauxi, acclimated to current average—(14.0 °C), current summer—(17.5 °C) and projected future summer—(21.5 °C) habitat temperatures. We found that both species decreased their standard metabolic rate with increased acclimation temperature, while sustaining their scope for aerobic metabolism. However, the resident lobster showed reduced anaerobic escape performance at warmer temperatures and failed to match the metabolic capacity of the range-shifting lobster. We conclude that although resident spiny lobsters optimise metabolism in response to seasonal and future temperature changes, they may be unable to physiologically outperform their range-shifting competitors. This highlights the critical importance of exploring direct as well as indirect effects of temperature changes to understand climate change impacts.
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Hakkinen H, Petrovan SO, Sutherland WJ, Dias MP, Ameca EI, Oppel S, Ramírez I, Lawson B, Lehikoinen A, Bowgen KM, Taylor N, Pettorelli N. Linking climate change vulnerability research and evidence on conservation action effectiveness to safeguard European seabird populations. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Hakkinen
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London London UK
| | - Silviu O. Petrovan
- Department of Zoology Cambridge University, The David Attenborough Building Cambridge UK
| | - William J. Sutherland
- Department of Zoology Cambridge University, The David Attenborough Building Cambridge UK
- Biosecurity Research Initiative at St Catharine's (BioRISC), St Catharine's College University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Maria P. Dias
- BirdLife International The David Attenborough Building Cambridge UK
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Eric I. Ameca
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Beijing Normal University Beijing China
- Climate Change Specialist Group Species Survival Commission, International Union for Conservation of Nature Gland Switzerland
| | - Steffen Oppel
- RSPB Centre of Conservation Science David Attenborough Building Cambridge, Cambridgeshire UK
| | - Iván Ramírez
- Convention on Migratory Species United Campus in Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Becki Lawson
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London London UK
| | | | | | - Nigel G. Taylor
- Department of Zoology Cambridge University, The David Attenborough Building Cambridge UK
- Ecological Consultant Cambridge UK
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Friedland KD, Smoliński S, Tanaka KR. Contrasting patterns in the occurrence and biomass centers of gravity among fish and macroinvertebrates in a continental shelf ecosystem. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:2050-2063. [PMID: 33717441 PMCID: PMC7920786 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of a group of fish and macroinvertebrates (n = 52) resident in the US Northeast Shelf large marine ecosystem were characterized with species distribution models (SDM), which in turn were used to estimate occurrence and biomass center of gravity (COG). The SDMs were fit using random forest machine learning and were informed with a range of physical and biological variables. The estimated probability of occurrence and biomass from the models provided the weightings to determine depth, distance to the coast, and along-shelf distance COG. The COGs of occupancy and biomass habitat tended to be separated by distances averaging 50 km, which approximates half of the minor axis of the subject ecosystem. During the study period (1978-2018), the biomass COG has tended to shift to further offshore positions whereas occupancy habitat has stayed at a regular spacing from the coastline. Both habitat types have shifted their along-shelf distances, indicating a general movement to higher latitude or to the Northeast for this ecosystem. However, biomass tended to occur at lower latitudes in the spring and higher latitude in the fall in a response to seasonal conditions. Distribution of habitat in relation to depth reveals a divergence in response with occupancy habitat shallowing over time and biomass habitat distributing in progressively deeper water. These results suggest that climate forced change in distribution will differentially affect occurrence and biomass of marine taxa, which will likely affect the organization of ecosystems and the manner in which human populations utilize marine resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Szymon Smoliński
- Demersal Fish Research GroupInstitute of Marine ResearchBergenNorway
- Department of Fisheries ResourcesNational Marine Fisheries Research InstituteGdyniaPoland
| | - Kisei R. Tanaka
- Pacific Islands Fisheries Science CenterNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationHonoluluHIUSA
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Thatje S, Smith KE, McClintock JB, Aronson RB. From deep to shallow seas: Antarctic king crab on the move. Ecology 2020; 101:e03125. [PMID: 32602139 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Thatje
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Kathryn E Smith
- The Laboratory, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - James B McClintock
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Richard B Aronson
- Department of Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida, 32901, USA
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Rosen MN, Baran KA, Sison JN, Steffel BV, Long WC, Foy RJ, Smith KE, Aronson RB, Dickinson GH. Mechanical Resistance in Decapod Claw Denticles: Contribution of Structure and Composition. Acta Biomater 2020; 110:196-207. [PMID: 32438112 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The decapod crustacean exoskeleton is a multi-layered structure composed of chitin-protein fibers embedded with calcium salts. Decapod claws display tooth-like denticles, which come into direct contact with predators and prey. They are subjected to more regular and intense mechanical stress than other parts of the exoskeleton and therefore must be especially resistant to wear and abrasion. Here, we characterized denticle properties in five decapod species. Dactyls from three brachyuran crabs (Cancer borealis, Callinectes sapidus, and Chionoecetes opilio) and two anomuran crabs (Paralomis birsteini and Paralithodes camtschaticus) were sectioned normal to the contact surface of the denticle, revealing the interior of the denticle and the bulk endocuticle in which it is embedded. Microhardness, micro- and ultrastructure, and elemental composition were assessed along a transect running the width of the cuticle using microindentation hardness testing, optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. In all species tested, hardness was dramatically higher-up to ten times-in the denticle than in the bulk endocuticle. Likewise, in all species there was an increase in packing density of mineralized chitin-protein fibers, a decrease in width of the pore canals that run through the cuticle, and a decrease in phosphorous content from endocuticle to denticle. The changes in hardness across the cuticle, and the relationship between hardness, calcium, and magnesium content, however, varied among species. Although mechanical resistance of the denticles was exceptionally high in all species, the basis for resistance appears to differ among species. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding the diverse mechanisms by which animals attain exceptionally high mechanical resistance may enable development of novel, biologically inspired materials. Decapod crustacean claws, and particularly the tooth-like denticles that these claws display, are of interest in this regard, as they must be especially resistant to wear. We assessed mechanical, elemental, and structural properties of the claw cuticle in five decapod species. Without exception, microhardness was dramatically higher in the denticle than in the bulk endocuticle. Multivariant statistical analyses, however, showed that the relationships among microhardness, elemental content, and structural variables differed among species. Such patterns likely result from strong evolutionary pressure on feeding and defensive structures and a trade-off between mechanical properties and energetic cost of exoskeleton formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda N Rosen
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA
| | - Kerstin A Baran
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA
| | - Justin N Sison
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA
| | - Brittan V Steffel
- Department of Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - W Christopher Long
- NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division, Kodiak Laboratory, 301 Research Ct., Kodiak, AK, 99615, USA
| | - Robert J Foy
- NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division, Kodiak Laboratory, 301 Research Ct., Kodiak, AK, 99615, USA
| | - Kathryn E Smith
- The Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Richard B Aronson
- Department of Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Gary H Dickinson
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA.
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Mykhailenko A, Utevsky A, Solodiankin O, Zlenko O, Maiboroda O, Bolotin V, Blaxland J, Gerilovych A. First record of Serratia marcescens from Adelie and Gentoo penguin faeces collected in the Wilhelm Archipelago, Graham Land, West Antarctica. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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A newly discovered radiation of endoparasitic gastropods and their coevolution with asteroid hosts in Antarctica. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:180. [PMID: 31533610 PMCID: PMC6749685 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine invertebrates are abundant and diverse on the continental shelf in Antarctica, but little is known about their parasitic counterparts. Endoparasites are especially understudied because they often possess highly modified body plans that pose problems for their identification. Asterophila, a genus of endoparasitic gastropod in the family Eulimidae, forms cysts in the arms and central discs of asteroid sea stars. There are currently four known species in this genus, one of which has been described from the Antarctic Peninsula (A. perknasteri). This study employs molecular and morphological data to investigate the diversity of Asterophila in Antarctica and explore cophylogenetic patterns between host and parasite. RESULTS A maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Asterophila and subsequent species-delimitation analysis uncovered nine well-supported putative species, eight of which are new to science. Most Asterophila species were found on a single host species, but four species were found on multiple hosts from one or two closely related genera, showing phylogenetic conservatism of host use. Both distance-based and event-based cophylogenetic analyses uncovered a strong signal of coevolution in this system, but most associations were explained by non-cospeciation events. DISCUSSION The prevalence of duplication and host-switching events in Asterophila and its asteroid hosts suggests that synchronous evolution may be rare even in obligate endoparasitic systems. The apparent restricted distribution of Asterophila from around the Scotia Arc may be an artefact of concentrated sampling in the area and a low obvious prevalence of infection. Given the richness of parasites on a global scale, their role in promoting host diversification, and the threat of their loss through coextinction, future work should continue to investigate parasite diversity and coevolution in vulnerable ecosystems.
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