1
|
Ferrari DS, Nunes LT, Jones KL, Ferreira CEL, Floeter SR. Thermal tolerance as a driver of reef fish community structure at the isolated tropical Mid-Atlantic Ridge Islands. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 199:106611. [PMID: 38936260 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Reef fish communities are shaped by historical and ecological factors, including abiotic and biotic mechanisms at different spatial scales, determining species composition, abundance and biomass. The oceanic islands in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (St. Peter and St. Paul's Archipelago - SPSPA, Ascension, and St. Helena), exhibiting differences in community structure along a 14-degree latitudinal and a 10 °C thermal gradient. We investigate the influence of sea surface temperature, area, age, isolation and phosphate on reef fish community structures. Reef fish trophic structure varies significantly across the islands, with planktivores and herbivore-detritivores showing the highest abundances in SPSPA and Ascension, while less abundant in St. Helena, aligning with the thermal gradient. Variations in reef fish community structures were predominantly influenced by thermal regimes, corroborating the expansion of species' thermal niche breadth at higher latitudes and lower temperatures. This study highlights that in addition to biogeographic factors, temperature is pivotal on shaping oceanic island reef fish community structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora S Ferrari
- Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Lab, Department of Ecology and Zoology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88010-970, Brazil.
| | - Lucas T Nunes
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Estudos Do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Arraial Do Cabo, RJ, 28930-000, Brazil
| | - Kirsty L Jones
- Marine and Fisheries Conservation Section, Nature Conservation Division, St Helena Government, Jamestown, St Helena, UK
| | - Carlos E L Ferreira
- Reef Systems Ecology and Conservation Lab, Department of Marine Biology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 24210-201, Brazil
| | - Sergio R Floeter
- Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Lab, Department of Ecology and Zoology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88010-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Swaegers J, De Cupere S, Gaens N, Lancaster LT, Carbonell JA, Sánchez Guillén RA, Stoks R. Plasticity and associated epigenetic mechanisms play a role in thermal evolution during range expansion. Evol Lett 2024; 8:76-88. [PMID: 38370551 PMCID: PMC10872138 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qrac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to global change, many species are shifting their distribution and are thereby confronted with novel thermal conditions at the moving range edges. Especially during the initial phases of exposure to a new environment, it has been hypothesized that plasticity and associated epigenetic mechanisms enable species to cope with environmental change. We tested this idea by capitalizing on the well-documented southward range expansion of the damselfly Ischnura elegans from France into Spain where the species invaded warmer regions in the 1950s in eastern Spain (old edge region) and in the 2010s in central Spain (new edge region). Using a common garden experiment at rearing temperatures matching the ancestral and invaded thermal regimes, we tested for evolutionary changes in (thermal plasticity in) larval life history and heat tolerance in these expansion zones. Through the use of de- and hypermethylating agents, we tested whether epigenetic mechanisms play a role in enabling heat tolerance during expansion. We used the phenotype of the native sister species in Spain, I. graellsii, as proxy for the locally adapted phenotype. New edge populations converged toward the phenotype of the native species through plastic thermal responses in life history and heat tolerance while old edge populations (partly) constitutively evolved a faster life history and higher heat tolerance than the core populations, thereby matching the native species. Only the heat tolerance of new edge populations increased significantly when exposed to the hypermethylating agent. This suggests that the DNA methylation machinery is more amenable to perturbation at the new edge and shows it is able to play a role in achieving a higher heat tolerance. Our results show that both (evolved) plasticity as well as associated epigenetic mechanisms are initially important when facing new thermal regimes but that their importance diminishes with time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janne Swaegers
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon De Cupere
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Noah Gaens
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lesley T Lancaster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - José A Carbonell
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang YJ, Tüzün N, De Meester L, Feuchtmayr H, Sentis A, Stoks R. Rapid evolution of unimodal but not of linear thermal performance curves in Daphnia magna. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222289. [PMID: 36629114 PMCID: PMC9832573 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Species may cope with warming through both rapid evolutionary and plastic responses. While thermal performance curves (TPCs), reflecting thermal plasticity, are considered powerful tools to understand the impact of warming on ectotherms, their rapid evolution has been rarely studied for multiple traits. We capitalized on a 2-year experimental evolution trial in outdoor mesocosms that were kept at ambient temperatures or heated 4°C above ambient, by testing in a follow-up common-garden experiment, for rapid evolution of the TPCs for multiple key traits of the water flea Daphnia magna. The heat-selected Daphnia showed evolutionary shifts of the unimodal TPCs for survival, fecundity at first clutch and intrinsic population growth rate toward higher optimum temperatures, and a less pronounced downward curvature indicating a better ability to keep fitness high across a range of high temperatures. We detected no evolution of the linear TPCs for somatic growth, mass and development rate, and for the traits related to energy gain (ingestion rate) and costs (metabolic rate). As a result, also the relative thermal slope of energy gain versus energy costs did not vary. These results suggest the overall (rather than per capita) top-down impact of D. magna may increase under rapid thermal evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Wang
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nedim Tüzün
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leibniz Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leibniz Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heidrun Feuchtmayr
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Center, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Arnaud Sentis
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR RECOVER, 3275 route Cézanne, 13182 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Adekolurejo OA, Floyd M, Dunn AM, Kay P, Dean AP, Hassall C. Combined effects of increased water temperature and cyanobacterial compounds exert heterogeneous effects on survival and ecological processes in key freshwater species. Oecologia 2022; 200:515-528. [PMID: 36342526 PMCID: PMC9675649 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is increasing water temperature and intensifying the incidence of cyanobacterial blooms worldwide. However, the combined effects of increased temperature and microcystin concentrations as co-stressors on survival and ecological processes in freshwater species are unclear. Here, using purified MC-LR and crude extract of toxigenic Microcystis aeruginosa, we tested the individual and combined effects of three water temperatures (15, 20, 25 °C) and a range of environmentally relevant concentrations of dissolved microcystin and crude extract (0.01-10 µg·L-1) on survival, growth inhibition, grazing and predation rates in three freshwater species: phytoplankton (Scenedesmus quadricauda), zooplankton (Daphnia pulex), and an invertebrate predator (Ischnura elegans). Purified MC-LR exerted a higher growth inhibitory effect on S. quadricauda compared to crude extract with the same concentration of MC-LR, while neither treatment affected its chlorophyll-a content or survival of D. pulex. Crude extract reduced grazing and survival of D. pulex and I. elegans, respectively. The combined effect of higher temperature and crude extract reduced I. elegans survival by 50%. Increased temperature reduced prey handing time in I. elegans by 49%, suggesting a higher predation rate. However, warming together with higher concentrations of crude extract jointly increased zooplankton grazing and reduced damselfly predation. Taken together, these results suggest crude extract, and not necessarily microcystin, can affect survival and productivity in freshwater species, although these effects may vary unevenly across trophic levels. Our findings highlight the importance of complex ecological mechanisms by which warming can exacerbate toxic effects of cyanobacterial bloom extracts on survival and functions among species in eutrophic freshwaters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oloyede A Adekolurejo
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Matthew Floyd
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alison M Dunn
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Paul Kay
- School of Geography, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew P Dean
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Christopher Hassall
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pottier P, Burke S, Zhang RY, Noble DWA, Schwanz LE, Drobniak SM, Nakagawa S. Developmental plasticity in thermal tolerance: Ontogenetic variation, persistence, and future directions. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2245-2268. [PMID: 36006770 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the factors affecting thermal tolerance is crucial for predicting the impact climate change will have on ectotherms. However, the role developmental plasticity plays in allowing populations to cope with thermal extremes is poorly understood. Here, we meta-analyse how thermal tolerance is initially and persistently impacted by early (embryonic and juvenile) thermal environments by using data from 150 experimental studies on 138 ectothermic species. Thermal tolerance only increased by 0.13°C per 1°C change in developmental temperature and substantial variation in plasticity (~36%) was the result of shared evolutionary history and species ecology. Aquatic ectotherms were more than three times as plastic as terrestrial ectotherms. Notably, embryos expressed weaker but more heterogenous plasticity than older life stages, with numerous responses appearing as non-adaptive. While developmental temperatures did not have persistent effects on thermal tolerance overall, persistent effects were vastly under-studied, and their direction and magnitude varied with ontogeny. Embryonic stages may represent a critical window of vulnerability to changing environments and we urge researchers to consider early life stages when assessing the climate vulnerability of ectotherms. Overall, our synthesis suggests that developmental changes in thermal tolerance rarely reach levels of perfect compensation and may provide limited benefit in changing environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Pottier
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samantha Burke
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rose Y Zhang
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Daniel W A Noble
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Lisa E Schwanz
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Szymon M Drobniak
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang J, Cheng ZY, Dong YW. Demographic, physiological, and genetic factors linked to the poleward range expansion of the snail Nerita yoldii along the shoreline of China. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:4510-4526. [PMID: 35822322 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Species range shift is one of the most significant consequences of climate change in the Anthropocene. A comprehensive study, including demographic, physiological, and genetic factors linked to poleward range expansion, is crucial for understanding how the expanding population occupies the new habitat. In the present study, we investigated the demographic, physiological, and genetic features of the intertidal gastropod Nerita yoldii, which has extended its northern limit by ~200 km over the former biogeographic break of the Yangtze River Estuary during recent decades. The neutral SNPs data showed that the new marginal populations formed a distinct cluster established by a few founders. Demographic modelling analysis revealed that the new marginal populations experienced a strong genetic bottleneck followed by recent demographic expansion. Successful expansion that overcame the founder effect might be attributed to its high capacity of rapid population growth and multiple introductions. According to the non-neutral SNPs under diversifying selection, there were high levels of heterozygosity in the new marginal populations, which might be beneficial for adapting to the novel thermal conditions. The common garden experiment showed that the new marginal populations have evolved divergent transcriptomic and physiological responses to heat stress, allowing them to occupy and survive in the novel environment. Lower transcriptional plasticity was observed in the new marginal populations. These results suggest a new biogeographic pattern of N. yoldii has formed with the occurrence of demographic, physiologic, and genetic changes, and emphasize the roles of adaptation of marginal populations during range expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China.,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Marine and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Yun-Wei Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China.,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Swaegers J, Sánchez-Guillén RA, Carbonell JA, Stoks R. Convergence of life history and physiology during range expansion toward the phenotype of the native sister species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151530. [PMID: 34762959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In our globally changing planet many species show range expansions whereby they encounter new thermal regimes that deviate from those of their source region. Pressing questions are to what extent and through which mechanisms, plasticity and/or evolution, species respond to the new thermal regimes and whether these trait changes are adaptive. Using a common-garden experiment, we tested for plastic and evolutionary trait changes in life history and a set of understudied biochemical/physiological traits during the range expansion of the damselfly Ischnura elegans from France into a warmer region in Spain. To assess the adaptiveness of the trait changes we used the phenotype of its native sister species in Spain, I. graellsii, as proxy for the locally adapted phenotype. While our design cannot fully exclude maternal effects, our results suggest that edge populations adapted to the local conditions in the newly invaded region through the evolution of a faster pace-of-life (faster development and growth rates), a smaller body size, a higher energy budget and increased expression levels of the heat shock gene DnaJ. Notably, based on convergence toward the phenotype of the native sister species and its thermal responses, and the fit with predictions of life history theory these potential evolutionary changes were likely adaptive. Nevertheless, the convergence toward the native sister species is incomplete for thermal plasticity in traits associated with anaerobic metabolism and melanization. Our results highlight that evolution might at least partly contribute in an adaptive way to the persistence of populations during range expansion into new thermal environments and should be incorporated when predicting and understanding species' range expansions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janne Swaegers
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven B-3000, Belgium.
| | | | - José A Carbonell
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven B-3000, Belgium; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Reina Mercedes, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Neu A, Fischer K. Indications for rapid evolution of trait means and thermal plasticity in range-expanding populations of a butterfly. J Evol Biol 2021; 35:124-133. [PMID: 34860427 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Currently, poleward range expansions are observed in many taxa, often in response to anthropogenic climate change. At the expanding front, populations likely face cooler and more variable temperature conditions, imposing thermal selection. This may result in changes in trait means or plasticity, the relative contribution of which is not well understood. We, here, investigate evolutionary change in range-expanding populations of the butterfly Pieris mannii, by comparing populations from the core and the newly established northern range under laboratory conditions. We observed both changes in trait means and in thermal reaction norms. Range-expanding populations showed a more rapid development, potentially indicative of counter-gradient variation and an increased cold tolerance compared with core populations. Genotype-environment interactions prevailed in all associated traits, such that the above differences were restricted to cooler environmental conditions. In range-expanding populations, plasticity was decreased in developmental traits enabling relatively rapid growth even under cooler conditions but increased in cold tolerance arguably promoting higher activity under thermally challenging conditions. Notably, these changes must have occurred within a time period of ca. 10 years only. Our results suggest, in line with contemporary theory, that the evolution of plasticity may play a hitherto underestimated role for adaptation to climatic variation. However, rather than generally increased or decreased levels of plasticity, our results indicate fine-tuned, trait-specific evolutionary responses to increase fitness in novel environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anika Neu
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus Fischer
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Meng S, Tran TT, Delnat V, Stoks R. Transgenerational exposure to warming reduces the sensitivity to a pesticide under warming. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117217. [PMID: 33915393 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increased attention for temporal aspects of stressor interactions and for effects of warming in ecotoxicological studies, we lack knowledge on how different exposure durations to warming may affect pesticide sensitivity. We tested how three types of exposure duration to 4 °C warming (acute, developmental and transgenerational exposure to 24 °C vs 20 °C) shape the effect of the pesticide chlorpyrifos on two ecologically relevant fitness-related traits of mosquito larvae: heat tolerance and antipredator behaviour. Transgenerational (from the parental generation) and developmental (from the egg stage) warming appeared energetically more stressful than acute warming (from the final instar), because (i) only the latter resulted in an adaptive increase of heat tolerance, and (ii) especially developmental and transgenerational warming reduced the diving responsiveness and diving time. Exposure to chlorpyrifos decreased the heat tolerance, diving responsiveness and diving time. The impact of chlorpyrifos was lower at 24 °C than at 20 °C indicating that the expected increase in toxicity at 24 °C was overruled by the observed increase in pesticide degradation. Notably, although our results suggest that transgenerational warming was energetically more stressful, it did reduce the chlorpyrifos-induced negative effects at 24 °C on heat tolerance and the alarm escape response compared to acute warming. Our results provide important evidence that the exposure duration to warming may determine the impact of a pesticide under warming, thereby identifying a novel temporal aspect of stressor interactions in risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shandong Meng
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Tam T Tran
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, Khanh Hoa, Viet Nam
| | - Vienna Delnat
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Janssens L, Verberk W, Stoks R. The pace-of life explains whether gills improve or exacerbate pesticide sensitivity in a damselfly larva. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 282:117019. [PMID: 33823312 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Trait-based approaches are promising to make generalizations about the sensitivity of species and populations to pesticides. Two traits that may shape the sensitivity to pesticides are the surface area (related to pesticide uptake) and the metabolic rate (related to pesticide elimination). We compared the sensitivity of damselfly larvae to the pesticide chlorpyrifos and how this was modified by loss of external gills (autotomy, reducing the surface area) in both fast pace-of-life (high metabolic rate) and slow pace-of-life (low metabolic rate) populations of Ischnura elegans. The slow-paced populations were more sensitive to the pesticide than the fast-paced populations in terms of survival, growth and energy metabolism. This suggests the higher metabolic rate of fast-paced populations enabled a faster pesticide elimination. Pesticide exposure also reduced heat tolerance, especially in slow-paced larvae under hypoxia. Gill loss had opposite effects on pesticide sensitivity in slow- and fast-paced populations. In slow-paced larvae, gill loss lowered the sensitivity to the pesticide, while in fast-paced larvae, gill loss increased the sensitivity. This difference likely reflects the balance between the roles of the gills in pesticide uptake (more detrimental in slow-paced populations) and oxygen uptake (more important in fast-paced populations). Our results highlight the need to consider trait interactions when applying trait-based approaches to predict the sensitivity to pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizanne Janssens
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wilco Verberk
- Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Crawford RD, O'Keefe JM. Avoiding a conservation pitfall: Considering the risks of unsuitably hot bat boxes. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reed D. Crawford
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
| | - Joy M. O'Keefe
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Illinois USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Carbonell JA, Wang YJ, Stoks R. Evolution of cold tolerance and thermal plasticity in life history, behaviour and physiology during a poleward range expansion. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1666-1677. [PMID: 33724470 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Many species that are moving polewards encounter novel thermal regimes to which they have to adapt. Therefore, rapid evolution of thermal tolerance and of thermal plasticity in fitness-related traits in edge populations can be crucial for the success and speed of range expansions. We tested for adaptation in cold tolerance and in life history, behavioural and physiological traits and their thermal plasticity during a poleward range expansion. We reconstructed the thermal performance curves of life history (survival, growth and development rates), behaviour (food intake) and cold tolerance (chill coma recovery time) in the aquatic larval stage of the damselfly Ischnura elegans that is currently showing a poleward range expansion in northern Europe. We studied larvae from three edge and three core populations using a common-garden experiment. Consistent with the colder annual temperatures, larvae at the expansion front evolved an improved cold tolerance. The edge populations showed no overall (across temperatures) evolution of a faster life history that would improve their range-shifting ability. Moreover, consistent with damselfly edge populations from colder latitudes, edge populations evolved at the highest rearing temperature (28°C) a faster development rate, likely to better exploit the rare periods with higher temperatures. This was associated with a higher food intake and a lower metabolic rate. In conclusion, our results suggest that the edge populations rapidly evolved adaptive changes in trait means and thermal plasticity to the novel thermal conditions at the edge front. Our results highlight the importance of considering besides trait plasticity and the evolution of trait means, also the evolution of trait plasticity to improve forecasts of responses to climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Carbonell
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Wetland Ecology, Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hamann E, Blevins C, Franks SJ, Jameel MI, Anderson JT. Climate change alters plant-herbivore interactions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1894-1910. [PMID: 33111316 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant-herbivore interactions have evolved in response to coevolutionary dynamics, along with selection driven by abiotic conditions. We examine how abiotic factors influence trait expression in both plants and herbivores to evaluate how climate change will alter this long-standing interaction. The paleontological record documents increased herbivory during periods of global warming in the deep past. In phylogenetically corrected meta-analyses, we find that elevated temperatures, CO2 concentrations, drought stress and nutrient conditions directly and indirectly induce greater food consumption by herbivores. Additionally, elevated CO2 delays herbivore development, but increased temperatures accelerate development. For annual plants, higher temperatures, CO2 and drought stress increase foliar herbivory. Our meta-analysis also suggests that greater temperatures and drought may heighten florivory in perennials. Human actions are causing concurrent shifts in CO2 , temperature, precipitation regimes and nitrogen deposition, yet few studies evaluate interactions among these changing conditions. We call for additional multifactorial studies that simultaneously manipulate multiple climatic factors, which will enable us to generate more robust predictions of how climate change could disrupt plant-herbivore interactions. Finally, we consider how shifts in insect and plant phenology and distribution patterns could lead to ecological mismatches, and how these changes may drive future adaptation and coevolution between interacting species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Hamann
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - Cameron Blevins
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Steven J Franks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - M Inam Jameel
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jill T Anderson
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|