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Jones CH, Dolsten M. Healthcare on the brink: navigating the challenges of an aging society in the United States. NPJ AGING 2024; 10:22. [PMID: 38582901 PMCID: PMC10998868 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-024-00148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The US healthcare system is at a crossroads. With an aging population requiring more care and a strained system facing workforce shortages, capacity issues, and fragmentation, innovative solutions and policy reforms are needed. This paper aims to spark dialogue and collaboration among healthcare stakeholders and inspire action to meet the needs of the aging population. Through a comprehensive analysis of the impact of an aging society, this work highlights the urgency of addressing this issue and the importance of restructuring the healthcare system to be more efficient, equitable, and responsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Jones
- Pfizer, 66 Hudson Boulevard, New York, New York, 10018, USA.
| | - Mikael Dolsten
- Pfizer, 66 Hudson Boulevard, New York, New York, 10018, USA.
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Sun T, Mei N, Su Y, Shan S, Qian W, Li M, Zhang Z. Mendelian randomization combined with multi-omics explores the relationship between heart failure and cancer. J Cancer 2024; 15:2928-2939. [PMID: 38706896 PMCID: PMC11064263 DOI: 10.7150/jca.94142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Whether there is an association between HF (HF) and cancer has not been conclusively established, and it is not clear whether patients with cancer can share similar hospitalization strategies and outcomes with patients with HF. Methods: Genome-wide association summary statistics were performed using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method for HF patients and cancer patients from the GWAS directory, with co-localization and Summary Data-Based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) analyses to identify HF-associated genes, and transcriptomic analyses to analyze the roles of these genes in the clinical diagnosis and targeted therapies of multiple cancer types. Results: Two-sample MR analysis showed that increased risk of HF was associated with decreased risk of cervical, brain, breast, colorectal, lung, and skin cancers, and co-localization combined with SMR analysis identified ABO and SURF1 as HF-associated genes, and transcriptomic analyses showed that ABO is a risk factor for HF and a protective factor against cancer, whereas SURF1 is a protective factor against HF and a protective factor against cancer. Conclusion: There was no causal relationship between heart failure and cancers (Cervical, brain, breast, colorectal, lung and skin cancers) risk factors, however there was a trend toward a negative causal relationship between heart failure and cancers (Cervical, brain, breast, colorectal, lung and skin cancers) occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Sun
- Hubei provincial key laboratory of diabetic cardiovascular diseases, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Mei
- Hubei provincial key laboratory of diabetic cardiovascular diseases, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Su
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shigang Shan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxi Li
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenwang Zhang
- Hubei provincial key laboratory of diabetic cardiovascular diseases, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Gortan Cappellari G, Aleksova A, Dal Ferro M, Cannatà A, Semolic A, Guarnaccia A, Zanetti M, Giacca M, Sinagra G, Barazzoni R. n-3 PUFA-Enriched Diet Preserves Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function and Redox State and Prevents Muscle Mass Loss in Mice with Chronic Heart Failure. Nutrients 2023; 15:3108. [PMID: 37513526 PMCID: PMC10383889 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale and Methods: Skeletal muscle derangements, potentially including mitochondrial dysfunction with altered mitochondrial dynamics and high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, may lead to protein catabolism and muscle wasting, resulting in low exercise capacity and reduced survival in chronic heart failure (CHF). We hypothesized that 8-week n-3-PUFA isocaloric partial dietary replacement (Fat = 5.5% total cal; EPA + DHA = 27% total fat) normalizes gastrocnemius muscle (GM) mitochondrial dynamics regulators, mitochondrial and tissue pro-oxidative changes, and catabolic derangements, resulting in preserved GM mass in rodent CHF [Myocardial infarction (MI)-induced CHF by coronary artery ligation, left-ventricular ejection fraction <50%]. Results: Compared to control animals (Sham), CHF had a higher GM mitochondrial fission-fusion protein ratio, with low ATP and high ROS production, pro-inflammatory changes, and low insulin signalling. n-3-PUFA normalized all mitochondrial derangements and the pro-oxidative state (oxidized to total glutathione ratio), associated with normalized GM cytokine profile, and enhanced muscle-anabolic insulin signalling and prevention of CHF-induced GM weight loss (all p < 0.05 vs. CHF and p = NS vs. S). Conclusions:n-3-PUFA isocaloric partial dietary replacement for 8 weeks normalizes CHF-induced derangements of muscle mitochondrial dynamics regulators, ROS production and function. n-3-PUFA mitochondrial effects result in preserved skeletal muscle mass, with potential to improve major patient outcomes in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Gortan Cappellari
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Cattinara Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aneta Aleksova
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Dal Ferro
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonio Cannatà
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Annamaria Semolic
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Cattinara Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Guarnaccia
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Zanetti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Cattinara Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic, Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Cattinara Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Bruhn J, Malmborg M, Garred CH, Ravn P, Zahir D, Andersson C, Gislason G, Torp-Pedersen C, Kragholm K, Fosbol E, Butt JH, Lang NN, Petrie MC, McMurray J, Kober L, Schou M. Temporal trends in the incidence of malignancy in heart failure: a nationwide Danish study. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:1124-1132. [PMID: 36691953 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cancer and heart failure (HF) share risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, and possibly genetics. Improved HF survival may increase the risk of cancer due to a competing risk. Whether the incidence of cancer has increased over time in patients with HF as survival has improved is unclear. Therefore, temporal trends of new onset cancer in HF patients between 1997 and 2016 were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Using Danish nationwide registers, 103 711 individuals alive, free of cancer, and aged 30-80 years 1 year after HF diagnosis (index date) were included between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2016. A five-year incidence rate of cancer for each year after index date was calculated. The median age and proportion of women at the index date decreased with advancing calendar time [1997-2001: 70.3 interquartile range (Q1-Q3 62.5-75.7), 60.9% men; 2012-16: 67.6 (59.2-73.8), 67.5% men]. The five-year incidence rate of cancer was 20.9 and 20.2 per 1,000 person-years in 1997 and 2016, respectively. In a multivariable Cox regression model, the hazard rates between index years 1997 (reference) and 2016 were not significantly different [hazard ratio 1.09 (0.97-1.23)]. The five-year absolute risk of cancer did not change with advancing calendar year, going from 9.0% (1997-2001) to 9.0% (2012-16). Five-year cumulative incidence of survival for HF patients increased with advancing calendar year, going from 55.9% (1997-2001) to 74.3% (2012-2016). CONCLUSION Although cancer rates during 1997-2016 have remained stable within 1-6 years after the HF diagnosis, long-term survival following a HF diagnosis has increased significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bruhn
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Malmborg
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline H Garred
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pauline Ravn
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Deewa Zahir
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Andersson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gunnar Gislason
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Investigation and Cardiology, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - Kristian Kragholm
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Emil Fosbol
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jawad H Butt
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ninian N Lang
- BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark C Petrie
- BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John McMurray
- BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lars Kober
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Schou
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Miao X, Chen J, Su Y, Luo J, He Y, Ma J, He X. Plasma metabolomic analysis reveals the therapeutic effects of Jiashen tablets on heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1047322. [PMID: 36561767 PMCID: PMC9763324 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1047322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heart failure is a chronic progressive condition that significantly affects the quality of life of patients with high hospitalization and mortality rates. Jiashen tablets (JST), a Chinese herbal formula, have been reported to be an effective treatment against heart failure, however the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. This study was designed to determine the effect of JST on the treatment of heart failure and delineate the underlying mechanisms by an untargeted metabolomics approach. Materials and methods The chronic heart failure model was established by the permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in rats. The cardiac functions of rats, including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (LVFS), left ventricular internal diameter end diastole (LVIDd) and end systole (LVIDs), and interventricular septum thickness in diastole (IVSd) and in systole (IVSs), were measured by echocardiography. Biochemical analysis and histopathological examination were also performed to evaluate therapeutic effects of JST for treating heart failure. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS coupled with multivariate statistical analyses were applied for plasma metabolic profiling to identify biomarkers and potential mechanisms of JST in the treatment of heart failure. Results Jiashen tablets could improve the cardiac function of heart failure rats and thus ameliorate heart failure via enhancing rat LVEF and LVFS and decreasing LVIDd, LVIDs, IVSd, and IVSs. Results of biochemical analysis and histopathological examination revealed that JST could reduce the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and the level of NT-pro BNP, markers of heart failure and myocardial damage, and inhibit myocardial fibrosis. Furthermore, in metabolomics analysis, a total of 210 metabolites with significant differences were identified between heart failure rats and normal rats, among which 29 metabolites were significantly restored after JST treatment. These metabolites were primarily involved in tryptophan metabolism, branched-chain amino acid metabolism, fatty acids β-oxidation, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Conclusion The present study illustrated the therapeutic effect of JST for the treatment of heart failure and delineated the underlying mechanisms mainly relating to the regulation of amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism in heart failure rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Miao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaping Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyan Su
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China,Yi He,
| | - Jiang Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,Jiang Ma,
| | - Xin He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xin He,
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Schuetz P, Sulo S, Walzer S, Krenberger S, Stagna Z, Gomes F, Mueller B, Brunton C. Economic Evaluation of Individualized Nutritional Support for Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091703. [PMID: 35565669 PMCID: PMC9099480 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition is a highly prevalent risk factor in hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). A recent randomized trial found lower mortality and improved health outcomes when CHF patients with nutritional risk received individualized nutritional treatment. Objective To estimate the cost-effectiveness of individualized nutritional support in hospitalized patients with CHF. Methods This analysis used data from CHF patients at risk of malnutrition (N = 645) who were part of the Effect of Early Nutritional Therapy on Frailty, Functional Outcomes and Recovery of Undernourished Medical Inpatients Trial (EFFORT). Study patients with CHF were randomized into (i) an intervention group (individualized nutritional support to reach energy, protein, and micronutrient goals) or (ii) a control group (receiving standard hospital food). We used a Markov model with daily cycles (over a 6-month interval) to estimate hospital costs and health outcomes in the comparator groups, thus modeling cost-effectiveness ratios of nutritional interventions. Results With nutritional support, the modeled total additional cost over the 6-month interval was 15,159 Swiss Francs (SF). With an additional 5.77 life days, the overall incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for nutritional support vs. no nutritional support was 2625 SF per life day gained. In terms of complications, patients receiving nutritional support had a cost savings of 6214 SF and an additional 4.11 life days without complications, yielding an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for avoided complications of 1513 SF per life day gained. Conclusions On the basis of a Markov model, this economic analysis found that in-hospital nutritional support for CHF patients increased life expectancy at an acceptable incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schuetz
- Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland;
- Medical Faculty, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +41-62-838-4100
| | - Suela Sulo
- Abbott Nutrition, Chicago, IL 60045, USA; (S.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Stefan Walzer
- MArS Market Access & Pricing Strategy GmbH, 79576 Weil am Rhein, Germany; (S.W.); (S.K.)
- Health Care Management, State University Baden-Wuerttemberg, 70174 Loerrach, Germany
- Social Work & Health Care, University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten, 88250 Weingarten, Germany
| | - Sebastian Krenberger
- MArS Market Access & Pricing Strategy GmbH, 79576 Weil am Rhein, Germany; (S.W.); (S.K.)
| | - Zeno Stagna
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 4001 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Filomena Gomes
- NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Beat Mueller
- Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland;
- Medical Faculty, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cory Brunton
- Abbott Nutrition, Chicago, IL 60045, USA; (S.S.); (C.B.)
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Cancer and malnutrition were independently associated with a poor prognosis in patients with heart failure. J Cardiol 2021; 79:15-20. [PMID: 34865821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in treatment have improved the survival of cancer patients. Such survivors may go on to develop heart failure (HF) later in life. HF and cancer are wasting diseases, and malnutrition is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with HF or cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients admitted to our hospital with HF from April 2012 to March 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. They were divided into 2 groups: cancer patients (N = 185) and patients without cancer (N = 930). Patients discharged alive and followed by our outpatient clinic were also examined (N = 857, median follow-up period: 794 days). RESULTS In cancer patients, the geriatric nutritional risk index and prognostic nutritional index were lower and the controlling nutritional status score was higher than in HF patients without cancer; nutrition was disturbed in HF patients with cancer. The in-hospital mortality rates of the two groups were not markedly different; however, cancer patients showed higher long-term mortality in comparison to HF patients without cancer. A multivariate analysis revealed that cancer and malnutrition were independently associated with all-cause death. CONCLUSIONS The long-term mortality of HF patients with cancer was higher than that of HF patients without cancer. Malnutrition was associated with long-term mortality, independently of the presence of cancer. Multidisciplinary treatment is needed when treating HF patients with cancer.
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Stretti L, Zippo D, Coats AJ, Anker MS, von Haehling S, Metra M, Tomasoni D. A year in heart failure: an update of recent findings. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:4370-4393. [PMID: 34918477 PMCID: PMC9073717 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Major changes have occurred in these last years in heart failure (HF) management. Landmark trials and the 2021 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of HF have established four classes of drugs for treatment of HF with reduced ejection fraction: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, namely, dapagliflozin or empagliflozin. These drugs consistently showed benefits on mortality, HF hospitalizations, and quality of life. Correction of iron deficiency is indicated to improve symptoms and reduce HF hospitalizations. AFFIRM-AHF showed 26% reduction in total HF hospitalizations with ferric carboxymaltose vs. placebo in patients hospitalized for acute HF (P = 0.013). The guanylate cyclase activator vericiguat and the myosin activator omecamtiv mecarbil improved outcomes in randomized placebo-controlled trials, and vericiguat is now approved for clinical practice. Treatment of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) was a major unmet clinical need until this year when the results of EMPEROR-Preserved (EMPagliflozin outcomE tRial in Patients With chrOnic HFpEF) were issued. Compared with placebo, empagliflozin reduced by 21% (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 0.90; P < 0.001), the primary outcome of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization. Advances in the treatment of specific phenotypes of HF, including atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathies, cardiac amyloidosis, and cancer-related HF, also occurred. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic still plays a major role in HF epidemiology and management. All these aspects are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Stretti
- Cardiology, Cardio‐Thoracic Department, Civil Hospitals; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Dauphine Zippo
- Cardiology, Cardio‐Thoracic Department, Civil Hospitals; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | | | - Markus S. Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CBF)Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT)BerlinGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and PneumologyUniversity of Göttingen Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, Cardio‐Thoracic Department, Civil Hospitals; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Daniela Tomasoni
- Cardiology, Cardio‐Thoracic Department, Civil Hospitals; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
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Appetite and Nutritional Status as Potential Management Targets in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction-The Relationship between Echocardiographic and Biochemical Parameters and Appetite. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11070639. [PMID: 34357106 PMCID: PMC8307226 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of appetite loss and malnutrition in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In this prospective, observational, single-center study, we enrolled 120 consecutive adults with HFrEF. We analyzed the selected clinical, echocardiographic, and biochemical parameters. Appetite loss and malnutrition were assessed by CNAQ (Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire) and MNA (Mini Nutritional Assessment)/GNRI (Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index) questionnaires, respectively.Most patients were men (81.7%), mean age was 55.1 ± 11.3 years, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 23.9 ± 8.0%. The mean CNAQ score was 28.8 ± 3.9, mean MNA-23.1 ± 2.6, and mean GNRI-113.0 ± 12.3. Based on ROC curves, we showed that a sodium concentration <138 mmol/L had the greatest discriminating power for diagnosing impaired nutritional status (MNA ≤ 23.5) with a sensitivity of 54.5% and specificity of 77.8%. The threshold of HDL <0.97 mmol/L characterized 40.7% sensitivity and 86% specificity, B-type natriuretic peptide >738.6 pg/dL had 48.5% sensitivity and 80.8% specificity, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein >1.8 mg/L had 94.9% sensitivity and 42.9% specificity, and bilirubin >15 µmol/L had 78.2% sensitivity and 56.9% specificity. Nutritional status and appetite assessed by MNA/GNRI and CNAQ questionnaires showed poor correlations with other findings in HFrEF patients.
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Anker MS, Landmesser U, von Haehling S, Butler J, Coats AJS, Anker SD. Weight loss, malnutrition, and cachexia in COVID-19: facts and numbers. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:9-13. [PMID: 33382211 PMCID: PMC7890265 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with COVID-19 disease are prone to develop significant weight loss and clinical cachexia. Three reports with altogether 589 patients that reported on weight loss and cachexia in COVID-19 were identified. Disease severity of patients and the timing of the assessment during the disease course in these patients were variable-65 patients (11%) were intensive care treated at the time of assessment, and 183 (31%) were cared for in sub-intensive or intermediate care structures. The frequency of weight loss ≥5% (that defines cachexia) was 37% (range 29-52%). Correlates of weight loss occurrence were reported to be raised C-reactive protein levels, impaired renal function status, and longer duration of COVID-19 disease. Underweight status by WHO criteria (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 ) was only observed in 4% of patients analysing data from seven studies with 6661 patients. Cachexia assessment in COVID-19 needs assessment of weight loss. COVID-19 associated cachexia is understood to affect muscle and fat tissue as is also seen in many other chronic illness-associated forms of cachexia. There are many factors that can contribute to body wasting in COVID-19, and they include loss of appetite and taste, fever and inflammation, immobilization, as well as general malnutrition, catabolic-anabolic imbalance, endocrine dysfunction, and organ-specific complications of COVID-19 disease such as cardiac and renal dysfunction. Treatment of COVID-19 patients should include a focus on nutritional support and rehabilitative exercise whenever possible. Specific anti-cachectic therapies for COVID-19 do not exist, but constitute a high medical need to prevent long-term disability due to acute COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus S Anker
- Department of Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité-Campus Benjamin-Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité-Campus Benjamin-Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Stefan D Anker
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Westhoff-Bleck M. Moderne Herzinsuffizienztherapie bei Erwachsenen mit angeborenen Herzfehlern. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-020-00407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Tomasoni D, Adamo M, Anker MS, von Haehling S, Coats AJS, Metra M. Heart failure in the last year: progress and perspective. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:3505-3530. [PMID: 33277825 PMCID: PMC7754751 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Research about heart failure (HF) has made major progress in the last years. We give here an update on the most recent findings. Landmark trials have established new treatments for HF with reduced ejection fraction. Sacubitril/valsartan was superior to enalapril in PARADIGM-HF trial, and its initiation during hospitalization for acute HF or early after discharge can now be considered. More recently, new therapeutic pathways have been developed. In the DAPA-HF and EMPEROR-Reduced trials, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite endpoint, compared with placebo [hazard ratio (HR) 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65-0.85; P < 0.001 and HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.65-0.86; P < 0.001, respectively]. Second, vericiguat, an oral soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, reduced the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization vs. placebo (HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.82-0.98; P = 0.02). On the other hand, both the diagnosis and treatment of HF with preserved ejection fraction, as well as management of advanced HF and acute HF, remain challenging. A better phenotyping of patients with HF would be helpful for prognostic stratification and treatment selection. Further aspects, such as the use of devices, treatment of arrhythmias, and percutaneous treatment of valvular heart disease in patients with HF, are also discussed and reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Tomasoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Cardiology and Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Cardio‐thoracic DepartmentCivil HospitalsBresciaItaly
| | - Marianna Adamo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Cardiology and Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Cardio‐thoracic DepartmentCivil HospitalsBresciaItaly
| | - Markus S. Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology (CVK)Charité–University Medicine BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT)BerlinGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
- Department of Cardiology (CBF)Charité–University Medicine BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and PneumologyUniversity of Göttingen Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Andrew J. S. Coats
- Centre for Clinical and Basic Research, Department of Medical SciencesIRCCS San Raffaele PisanaRomeItaly
| | - Marco Metra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Cardiology and Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Cardio‐thoracic DepartmentCivil HospitalsBresciaItaly
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13
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Anker MS, von Haehling S, Springer J. Blocking myostatin: muscle mass equals muscle strength? J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1396-1398. [PMID: 33340286 PMCID: PMC7749583 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Markus S Anker
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology (CVK), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology (CBF), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Springer
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Yu YD, Xiu YP, Li YF, Xue YT. To Explore the Mechanism and Equivalent Molecular Group of Fuxin Mixture in Treating Heart Failure Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8852877. [PMID: 33273955 PMCID: PMC7700035 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8852877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fuxin mixture (FXHJ) is a prescription for the treatment of heart failure. It has been shown to be effective in clinical trials, but its active ingredients and mechanism of action are not completely clear, which limits its clinical application and international promotion. In this study, we used network pharmacology to find, conclude, and summarize the mechanism of FXHJ in the treatment of heart failure. From FXHJ, we found 39 active ingredients and 47 action targets. Next, we constructed the action network and was conducted enrichment analysis. The results showed that FXHJ mainly treated heart failure by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway, PI3KAkt signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and the apoptotic signaling molecule BCL2. Through the research method of network pharmacology, this study summarized the preliminary experiments of the research group and revealed the probable mechanism of FXHJ in the treatment of heart failure to a certain extent, which provided some ideas for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-ding Yu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yi-ping Xiu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yang-fan Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yi-tao Xue
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
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15
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Preserved Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function, Redox State, Inflammation and Mass in Obese Mice with Chronic Heart Failure. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113393. [PMID: 33158222 PMCID: PMC7694273 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Skeletal muscle (SM) mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation and muscle mass loss may worsen prognosis in chronic heart failure (CHF). Diet-induced obesity may also cause SM mitochondrial dysfunction as well as oxidative stress and inflammation, but obesity per se may be paradoxically associated with high SM mass and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, as well as with enhanced survival in CHF. Methods: We investigated interactions between myocardial infarction(MI)-induced CHF and diet-induced obesity (12-wk 60% vs. standard 10% fat) in modulating gastrocnemius muscle (GM) mitochondrial ATP and tissue superoxide generation, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), cytokines and insulin signalling activation in 10-wk-old mice in the following groups: lean sham-operated, lean CHF (LCHF), obese CHF (ObCHF; all n = 8). The metabolic impact of obesity per se was investigated by pair-feeding ObCHF to standard diet with stabilized excess body weight until sacrifice at wk 8 post-MI. Results: Compared to sham, LCHF had low GM mass, paralleled by low mitochondrial ATP production and high mitochondrial reative oxygen species (ROS) production, pro-oxidative redox state, pro-inflammatory cytokine changes and low insulin signaling (p < 0.05). In contrast, excess body weight in pair-fed ObCHF was associated with high GM mass, preserved mitochondrial ATP and mitochondrial ROS production, unaltered redox state, tissue cytokines and insulin signaling (p = non significant vs. Sham, p < 0.05 vs. LCHF) despite higher superoxide generation from non-mitochondrial sources. Conclusions: CHF disrupts skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in lean rodents with low ATP and high mitochondrial ROS production, associated with tissue pro-inflammatory cytokine profile, low insulin signaling and muscle mass loss. Following CHF onset, obesity per se is associated with high skeletal muscle mass and preserved tissue ATP production, mitochondrial ROS production, redox state, cytokines and insulin signaling. These paradoxical and potentially favorable obesity-associated metabolic patterns could contribute to reported obesity-induced survival advantage in CHF.
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16
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Krysztofiak H, Wleklik M, Migaj J, Dudek M, Uchmanowicz I, Lisiak M, Kubielas G, Straburzyńska-Migaj E, Lesiak M, Kałużna-Oleksy M. Cardiac Cachexia: A Well-Known but Challenging Complication of Heart Failure. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:2041-2051. [PMID: 33173285 PMCID: PMC7646468 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s273967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a common complication of various cardiac diseases, and its incidence constantly increases. This is caused mainly by aging of populations and improvement in the treatment of coronary artery disease. As HF patients age, they tend to develop comorbidities, creating new problems for health-care professionals. Sarcopenia, defined as the loss of muscle mass and function, and cachexia, defined as weight loss due to an underlying illness, are muscle wasting disorders of particular relevance in the heart failure population, but they go mostly unrecognized. The coexistence of chronic HF and metabolic disorders facilitates the development of cachexia. Cachexia, in turn, significantly worsens a patient’s prognosis and quality of life. The mechanisms underlying cachexia have not been explained yet and require further research. Understanding its background is crucial in the development of treatment strategies to prevent and treat tissue wasting. There are currently no specific European guidelines or recommended therapy for cachexia treatment in HF (“cardiac cachexia”).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Krysztofiak
- 1st Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Wleklik
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Migaj
- 1st Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, Poznan, Poland.,Poznan University of Medical Sciences Hospital of Lord's Transfiguration, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dudek
- 1st Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, Poznan, Poland.,Poznan University of Medical Sciences Hospital of Lord's Transfiguration, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Lisiak
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kubielas
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Straburzyńska-Migaj
- 1st Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, Poznan, Poland.,Poznan University of Medical Sciences Hospital of Lord's Transfiguration, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Lesiak
- 1st Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, Poznan, Poland.,Poznan University of Medical Sciences Hospital of Lord's Transfiguration, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Kałużna-Oleksy
- 1st Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, Poznan, Poland.,Poznan University of Medical Sciences Hospital of Lord's Transfiguration, Poznan, Poland
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17
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[Tumor effects on the heart and circulation]. Internist (Berl) 2020; 61:1120-1124. [PMID: 33052455 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-020-00887-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the continuous development of modern cancer treatment, more cancer patients can be cured every year. However, since many patients experience cardiovascular problems before, during and after their cancer treatment, cardio-oncology is becoming increasingly important. Numerous therapies can cause cardiotoxicity, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, antibody therapy and radiotherapy. If these remain undetected, the patient may develop, e.g. heart failure or severe heart valve damage. The broad spectrum of cardiovascular comorbidities has become an immense challenge for cardiologists and oncologists. Cardio-oncology also deals with the effects that cancer has on the cardiovascular system. New research indicates that the tumor itself also has direct negative effects on the heart, mediated by messenger substances. Therefore, it is important to understand which cancer patients are at increased cardiovascular risk, thereby enabling the development of new therapeutic approaches in the long term to maintain mobility and improve patient prognosis.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heart failure is a frequent problem in an ageing population, associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Today, it is important to not only treat heart failure itself but also the related comorbidities. Among them, cardiac cachexia is one of the major challenges. It is a complex multifactorial disease with a negative impact on quality of life and prognosis. Therefore, prevention, early recognition and treatment of cardiac cachexia is essential. RECENT FINDINGS Cardiac cachexia frequently presents with skeletal as well as heart muscle depletion. Imaging-based diagnostic techniques can help to identify patients with cardiac cachexia and muscle wasting. Several blood biomarkers are available to detect metabolic changes in cardiac cachexia. SUMMARY Several studies are currently ongoing to better comprehend the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiac cachexia and to find new treatments. It is essential to diagnose it as early as possible to initiate therapy.
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19
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Hasenöhrl T, Palma S, Huber DFX, Zdravkovic A, Crevenna R. Effects of a structured exercise program on physical performance and function, quality of life and work ability of physically active breast cancer survivors : A retrospective data analysis. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2020; 133:1-5. [PMID: 32960338 PMCID: PMC7840644 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-020-01739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Purpose of this retrospective data analysis was to depict the effects of a structured off-season conditioning program with breast cancer survivors competing in dragon boat paddling. Methods In this study 10 breast cancer survivors (mean age 52.0 ± 5.4 years) who had finished the primary cancer treatment and who were paddlers of the Vienna Pink Dragon self-help group underwent a structured 10-week exercise program as part of their routine supportive treatment. Upper extremity strength, endurance capacity, shoulder flexibility, quality of life and work ability were assessed at baseline and after completion of the exercise program. Results Out of 10 patients 8 completed more than 80% of the exercise sessions. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) of the pooled exercise effects showed a very large effect size (Η2 = 0.982); however, the change from baseline to follow-up was non-significant (p = 0.363). In the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) the exercise program led to a significant improvement of body image (p = 0.02) and less arm symptoms in the affected arm (p = 0.04). Conclusion A structured and well-planned exercise intervention program can have a large effect on the physical performance of pretrained breast cancer survivors. Moreover, it can increase the body image and decrease the arm symptoms in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hasenöhrl
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefano Palma
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominikus F-X Huber
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrej Zdravkovic
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Crevenna
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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20
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Muscle Wasting and Sarcopenia in Heart Failure-The Current State of Science. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186549. [PMID: 32911600 PMCID: PMC7555939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is primarily characterized by skeletal muscle disturbances such as loss of muscle mass, quality, strength, and physical performance. It is commonly seen in elderly patients with chronic diseases. The prevalence of sarcopenia in chronic heart failure (HF) patients amounts to up to 20% and may progress into cardiac cachexia. Muscle wasting is a strong predictor of frailty and reduced survival in HF patients. Despite many different techniques and clinical tests, there is still no broadly available gold standard for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Resistance exercise and nutritional supplementation represent the currently most used strategies against wasting disorders. Ongoing research is investigating skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction as a new possible target for pharmacological compounds. Novel agents such as synthetic ghrelin and selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) seem promising in counteracting muscle abnormalities but their effectiveness in HF patients has not been assessed yet. In the last decades, many advances have been accomplished but sarcopenia remains an underdiagnosed pathology and more efforts are needed to find an efficacious therapeutic plan. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the current knowledge in terms of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of sarcopenia in order to provide a better understanding of wasting disorders occurring in chronic heart failure.
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21
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Panax quinquefolium saponin Optimizes Energy Homeostasis by Modulating AMPK-Activated Metabolic Pathways in Hypoxia-Reperfusion Induced Cardiomyocytes. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 27:613-620. [PMID: 32418176 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of Panax quinquefolium saponin (PQS) on energy deficiency in hypoxia-reperfusion (H/R) induced cardiomyocytes. METHODS The H/R injury involved hypoxia for 3 h and then reperfusion for 2 h. Cardiomyocytes recruited from neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were randomly divided into control, H/R, H/R+compound C (C.C), H/R+PQS, and H/R+C. C+PQS groups. BrdU assay, lactase dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and early apoptosis rate were evaluated to assess cell damages. Contents of high energy phosphate compounds were conducted to detect the energy production. Protein expression levels of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase a (AMPKα), glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), phosphate fructose kinase 2 (PFK2), fatty acid translocase/cluster of differentiation 36 (FAT/CD36), and acetyl CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) in the regulatory pathways were measured by Western blotting. Immunofluorescence staining of GLUT4 and FAT/CD36 was used to observe the mobilization of metabolic transporters. RESULTS PQS (50 mg/L) pretreatment significantly alleviated H/R-induced inhibition of NRVMs viability, up-regulation of LDH leakage, acceleration of early apoptosis, and reduction of energy production (P<0.05). Compared with the H/R group, up-regulated expression of AMPKα, GLUT4, PFK2, FAT/CD36 and ACC2 were observed, and more GLUT4 and FAT/CD36 expressions were detected on the membrane in the H/R+PQS group (P<0.05). These effects of PQS on H/R-induced NRVMs were eliminated in the H/R+C.C+PQS group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION PQS has prominent advantages in protecting NRVMs from H/R-induced cell damages and energy metabolic disorders, by activation of AMPKα-mediated GLUT4-PFK2 and FAT/CD36-ACC2 pathways.
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22
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Romauch M. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein as an inhibitor of amine oxidase copper-containing 3. Open Biol 2020; 10:190035. [PMID: 32315567 PMCID: PMC6685929 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a major plasma protein whose levels increase in chronic energy-demanding diseases and thus serves as an important clinical biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of the development of cachexia. Current knowledge suggests that ZAG mediates progressive weight loss through β-adrenergic signalling in adipocytes, resulting in the activation of lipolysis and fat mobilization. Here, through cross-linking experiments, amine oxidase copper-containing 3 (AOC3) is identified as a novel ZAG binding partner. AOC3-also known as vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) and semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO)-deaminates primary amines, thereby generating the corresponding aldehyde, H2O2 and NH3. It is an ectoenzyme largely expressed by adipocytes and induced in endothelial cells during inflammation. Extravasation of immune cells depends on amine oxidase activity and AOC3-derived H2O2 has an insulinogenic effect. The observations described here suggest that ZAG acts as an allosteric inhibitor of AOC3 and interferes with the associated pro-inflammatory and anti-lipolytic functions. Thus, inhibition of the deamination of lipolytic hormone octopamine by AOC3 represents a novel mechanism by which ZAG might stimulate lipolysis. Furthermore, experiments involving overexpression of recombinant ZAG reveal that its glycosylation is co-regulated by oxygen availability and that the pattern of glycosylation affects its inhibitory potential. The newly identified protein interaction between AOC3 and ZAG highlights a previously unknown functional relationship, which may be relevant to inflammation, energy metabolism and the development of cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Romauch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria
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23
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Guida B, Maro MD, Lauro MD, Lauro TD, Trio R, Santillo M, Belfiore A, Memoli A, Cataldi M. Identification of sarcopenia and dynapenia in CKD predialysis patients with EGWSOP2 criteria: An observational, cross-sectional study. Nutrition 2020; 78:110815. [PMID: 32480255 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using the new European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) criteria, we identified sarcopenic and dynapenic patients in a cohort of predialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and evaluated their clinical and laboratory characteristics. METHODS The study population consisted of 85 (55 men) clinically stable predialysis CKD patients (92.9% in stages 3-5), with a median age of 65.0 (52.5-72.0) y. We classified as sarcopenic the patients with handgrip strength (HGS) and muscle mass both lower than the respective EWGSOP2 cutoff values and as dynapenic those in whom only HGS was less than these reference values. HGS was measured with a hand dynamometer, whereas muscle mass was measured by bioimpedance analysis. Renal function was evaluated as Modification of Diet in Renal Disease estimated glomerular filtration rate. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia and dynapenia was, respectively, 7.1% and 17.6%. As reported in previous studies, serum albumin and hemoglobin were lower in sarcopenic patients than in patients with preserved muscle mass and strength. However, unlike in these studies, sarcopenia prevalence did not increase with CKD stage, and estimated glomerular filtration rate was similar between groups. Moreover, no difference was identified in any of the aforementioned parameters between dynapenic patients and patients with preserved muscle mass and strength. CONCLUSIONS The EWGSOP2 criteria identified sarcopenia in CKD with a prevalence similar to previous diagnostic criteria. In addition, they found that dynapenia was highly prevalent. Nevertheless, the EWGSOP2 criteria could be better adapted to CKD patients to improve their ability to detect high-risk sarcopenic and dynapenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Guida
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Martina Di Maro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariastella Di Lauro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Di Lauro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Trio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Santillo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Belfiore
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Memoli
- Department of Public Health, Nephrology Section, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Cataldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Division of Pharmacology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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24
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Abstract
Cachexia is a multifactorial disease characterized by a pathologic shift of metabolism towards a more catabolic state. It frequently occurs in patients with chronic diseases such as chronic heart failure and is especially common in the elderly. In patients at risk, cardiac cachexia is found in about 10% of heart failure patients. The negative impact of cardiac cachexia on mortality, morbidity, and quality of life demonstrates the urgent need to find new effective therapies against cardiac cachexia. Furthermore, exercise training and nutritional support can help patients with cardiac cachexia. Despite ongoing efforts to find new therapies for cachexia treatment, also new preventive strategies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Lena
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology, Charité-Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Charité-Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Föhrer Str. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Ebner
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus S Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology, Charité-Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Charité-Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Föhrer Str. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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25
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Anker MS, Hülsmann M, Cleland JG. What do patients with heart failure die from? A single assassin or a conspiracy? Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 22:26-28. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Markus S. Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology (CVK)Charité Berlin Germany
- Department of Cardiology (CBF)Charité Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Berlin Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Hülsmann
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic of Internal Medicine IIMedical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - John G. Cleland
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College London UK
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26
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Berent TE, Dorschner JM, Meyer T, Craig TA, Wang X, Kunz H, Jatoi A, Lanza IR, Chen H, Kumar R. Impaired cardiac performance, protein synthesis, and mitochondrial function in tumor-bearing mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226440. [PMID: 31851697 PMCID: PMC6919625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To understand the underlying mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction in cancer, we examined cardiac function, protein synthesis, mitochondrial function and gene expression in a model of heart failure in mice injected with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC1) cells. Experimental design Seven week-old C57BL/J6 male and female mice were injected with LLC1 cells or vehicle. Cardiac ejection fraction, ventricular wall and septal thickness were reduced in male, but not female, tumor-bearing mice compared to vehicle-injected control mice. Cardiac protein synthesis was reduced in tumor-bearing male mice compared to control mice (p = 0.025). Aspect ratio and form factor of cardiac mitochondria from the tumor-bearing mice were increased compared control mice (p = 0.042 and p = 0.0032, respectively) indicating a more fused mitochondrial network in the hearts of tumor-bearing mice. In cultured cardiomyocytes maximal oxygen consumption and mitochondrial reserve capacity were reduced in cells exposed to tumor cell-conditioned medium compared to non-conditioned medium (p = 0.0059, p = 0.0010). Whole transcriptome sequencing of cardiac ventricular muscle from tumor-bearing vs. control mice showed altered expression of 1648 RNA transcripts with a false discovery rate of less than 0.05. Of these, 54 RNA transcripts were reduced ≤ 0.5 fold, and 3 RNA transcripts were increased by ≥1.5-fold in tumor-bearing mouse heart compared to control. Notably, the expression of mRNAs for apelin (Apln), the apelin receptor (Aplnr), the N-myc proto-oncogene, early growth protein (Egr1), and the transcription factor Sox9 were reduced by >50%, whereas the mRNA for growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta (Gadd45b) is increased >2-fold, in ventricular tissue from tumor-bearing mice compared to control mice. Conclusions Lung tumor cells induce heart failure in male mice in association with reduced protein synthesis, mitochondrial function, and the expression of the mRNAs for inotropic and growth factors. These data provide new mechanistic insights into cancer-associated heart failure that may help unlock treatment options for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E Berent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jessica M Dorschner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Theodore A Craig
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xuewei Wang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Hawley Kunz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Aminah Jatoi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Horng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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27
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Anker MS, Hadzibegovic S, Lena A, Belenkov Y, Bergler‐Klein J, de Boer RA, Farmakis D, von Haehling S, Iakobishvili Z, Maack C, Pudil R, Skouri H, Cohen‐Solal A, Tocchetti CG, Coats AJ, Seferović PM, Lyon AR. Recent advances in cardio-oncology: a report from the 'Heart Failure Association 2019 and World Congress on Acute Heart Failure 2019'. ESC Heart Fail 2019; 6:1140-1148. [PMID: 31884717 PMCID: PMC6989292 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While anti-cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy, are constantly advancing, cardiovascular toxicity has become a major challenge for cardiologists and oncologists. This has led to an increasing demand of cardio-oncology units in Europe and a growing interest of clinicians and researchers. The Heart Failure 2019 meeting of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology in Athens has therefore created a scientific programme that included four dedicated sessions on the topic along with several additional lectures. The major points that were discussed at the congress included the implementation and delivery of a cardio-oncology service, the collaboration among cardio-oncology experts, and the risk stratification, prevention, and early recognition of cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, sessions addressed the numerous different anti-cancer therapies associated with cardiotoxic effects and provided guidance on how to treat cancer patients who develop cardiovascular disease before, during, and after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus S. Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of CardiologyCharité and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)partner site Berlin and Department of Cardiology, Charité Campus Benjamin FranklinBerlinGermany
| | - Sara Hadzibegovic
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of CardiologyCharité and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)partner site Berlin and Department of Cardiology, Charité Campus Benjamin FranklinBerlinGermany
| | - Alessia Lena
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of CardiologyCharité and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)partner site Berlin and Department of Cardiology, Charité Campus Benjamin FranklinBerlinGermany
| | | | | | - Rudolf A. de Boer
- Department of CardiologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center Groningen, GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Farmakis
- University of Cyprus Medical SchoolNicosiaCyprus
- Department of Cardiology, Cardio‐Oncology Clinic, Heart Failure UnitAthens University Hospital ‘Attikon’, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center Göttingen, German Center for Cardiovascular Medicine (DZHK)University of Göttingen Medical Center, Georg‐August‐UniversityGöttingenGermany
| | - Zaza Iakobishvili
- Department of Community Cardiology, Clalit Health Fund, and Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC)University Clinic WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Radek Pudil
- 1st Department of Medicine–Cardioangiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity HospitalHradec KrálovéCzech Republic
| | - Hadi Skouri
- Department of Internal MedicineAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon
| | - Alain Cohen‐Solal
- Department of Cardiology, Lariboisière Hospital and U942 INSERM, BIOCANVAS (Biomarqueurs Cardiovasculaires)Paris UniversityParisFrance
| | - Carlo G. Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Interdepartmental Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CIRCET)Federico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | | | - Petar M. Seferović
- Faculty of Medicine and Heart Failure CenterBelgrade University Medical Center, University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
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28
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Tomasoni D, Adamo M, Lombardi CM, Metra M. Highlights in heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2019; 6:1105-1127. [PMID: 31997538 PMCID: PMC6989277 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains a major cause of mortality, morbidity, and poor quality of life. It is an area of active research. This article is aimed to give an update on recent advances in all aspects of this syndrome. Major changes occurred in drug treatment of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Sacubitril/valsartan is indicated as a substitute to ACEi/ARBs after PARADIGM-HF (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 0.87 for sacubitril/valsartan vs. enalapril for the primary endpoint and Wei, Lin and Weissfeld HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71-0.89 for recurrent events). Its initiation was then shown as safe and potentially useful in recent studies in patients hospitalized for acute HF. More recently, dapagliflozin and prevention of adverse-outcomes in DAPA-HF trial showed the beneficial effects of the sodium-glucose transporter type 2 inhibitor dapaglifozin vs. placebo, added to optimal standard therapy [HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.85;0.74; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.85 for the primary endpoint]. Trials with other SGLT 2 inhibitors and in other patients, such as those with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or with recent decompensation, are ongoing. Multiple studies showed the unfavourable prognostic significance of abnormalities in serum potassium levels. Potassium lowering agents may allow initiation and titration of mineralocorticoid antagonists in a larger proportion of patients. Meta-analyses suggest better outcomes with ferric carboxymaltose in patients with iron deficiency. Drugs effective in HFrEF may be useful also in HF with mid-range ejection fraction. Better diagnosis and phenotype characterization seem warranted in HF with preserved ejection fraction. These and other burning aspects of HF research are summarized and reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Tomasoni
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaCardiothoracic DepartmentCivil HospitalsBresciaItaly
| | - Marianna Adamo
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaCardiothoracic DepartmentCivil HospitalsBresciaItaly
| | - Carlo Mario Lombardi
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaCardiothoracic DepartmentCivil HospitalsBresciaItaly
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaCardiothoracic DepartmentCivil HospitalsBresciaItaly
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29
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Ma D, Xu T, Cai G, Wu X, Lei Z, Liu X, Li J, Yang N. Effects of ivabradine hydrochloride combined with trimetazidine on myocardial fibrosis in rats with chronic heart failure. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1639-1644. [PMID: 31410120 PMCID: PMC6676191 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of ivabradine hydrochloride (Iva) and trimetazidine on myocardial fibrosis (MF) in rats with chronic heart failure (CHF) werφe explored. Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation, model, Iva, trimetazidine and combined drug group with 10 rats each. All rats except those in sham operation group were subjected to establish CHF model by constricting the abdominal aorta. After successful modeling, rats in the sham operation and model group received normal saline (10 mg/kg) gavage daily, the Iva group received Iva (10 mg/kg) gavage, the trimetazidine group received trimetazidine (10 mg/kg) gavage, and the combined drug group were given Iva (10 mg/kg) and trimetazidine (10 mg/kg) gavage for 12 weeks. The changes of hemodynamic indexes and heart rate, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels as well as transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and collagen I (COL-I) expression levels in myocardial tissue of each group were detected. Compared with sham operation group, the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) level, CTGF expression, TGF-β1 mRNA and COL-I mRNA expression levels in model group increased significantly, but the ± dp/dtmax and SOD content in myocardial tissue decreased significantly. Compared with model group, the LVEDP level, CTGF expression, TGF-β1 mRNA and COL-I mRNA expression levels in Iva group, trimetazidine group and combined drugs decreased significantly, but the ± dp/dtmax and the SOD content in myocardial tissue increased significantly (P<0.05). Changes in the combined drug group were the most notable (P<0.05). Iva combined with trimetazidine reduces LVEDP in rat with CHF, increases SOD content, and inhibits CTGF expression and TGF-β1 and COL-I expression levels in myocardial tissues, thus achieving the inhibitory effect on MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwen Ma
- Department of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Cai
- Department of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Xilin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545002, P.R. China
| | - Zhendong Lei
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, General Hospital of Guizhou Panjiang Investment Holding Group Co., Ltd., Liupanshui, Guizhou 553536, P.R. China
| | - Xinmei Liu
- Department of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Junying Li
- Department of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
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30
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Stewart Coats AJ. From the muscle hypothesis to a muscle solution? ESC Heart Fail 2019; 6:239-240. [PMID: 30802000 PMCID: PMC6437437 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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