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Zhou W, Hu W, Tang L, Ma X, Liao J, Yu Z, Qi M, Chen B, Li J. Meta-analysis of the Selected Genetic Variants in Immune-Related Genes and Multiple Sclerosis Risk. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:8175-8187. [PMID: 38478144 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that certain variants in immune-related genes may participate in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), including rs17824933 in the CD6 gene, rs1883832 in the CD40 gene, rs2300747 in the CD58 gene, rs763361 in the CD226 gene, rs16944 in the IL-1β gene, rs2243250 in the IL-4 gene, and rs12722489 and rs2104286 in the IL-2Rα gene. However, the results remained inconclusive and conflicting. In view of this, a comprehensive meta-analysis including all eligible studies was conducted to investigate the association between these 8 selected genetic variants and MS risk. Up to June 2023, 64 related studies were finally included in this meta-analysis. The odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated by the random-effects model were used to evaluate the strength of association. Publication bias test, sensitivity analyses, and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were conducted to examine the reliability of statistical results. Our results indicated that rs17824933 in the CD6 gene, rs1883832 in the CD40 gene, rs2300747 in the CD58 gene, rs763361 in the CD226 gene, and rs12722489 and rs2104286 in the IL-2Rα gene may serve as the susceptible factors for MS pathogenesis, while rs16944 in the IL-1β gene and rs2243250 in the IL-4 gene may not be associated with MS risk. However, the present findings need to be confirmed and reinforced in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Zhou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Weiqiong Hu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Institute of WUT-AMU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lingyu Tang
- Institute of WUT-AMU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaorui Ma
- Institute of WUT-AMU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiaxi Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhiyan Yu
- Institute of WUT-AMU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Meifang Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bifeng Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Institute of WUT-AMU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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2
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Lorenzini T, Faigle W, Ruder J, Docampo MJ, Opitz L, Martin R. Alterations of Thymus-Derived Tregs in Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2024; 11:e200251. [PMID: 38838284 PMCID: PMC11160584 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered a prototypic autoimmune disease of the CNS. It is the leading cause of chronic neurologic disability in young adults. Proinflammatory B cells and autoreactive T cells both play important roles in its pathogenesis. We aimed to study alterations of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which likely also contribute to the disease, but their involvement is less clear. METHODS By combining multiple experimental approaches, we examined the Treg compartments in 41 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 17 healthy donors. RESULTS Patients with MS showed a reduced frequency of CD4+ T cells and Foxp3+ Tregs and age-dependent alterations of Treg subsets. Treg suppressive function was compromised in patients, who were treated with natalizumab, while it was unaffected in untreated and anti-CD20-treated patients. The changes in natalizumab-treated patients included increased proinflammatory cytokines and an altered transcriptome in thymus-derived (t)-Tregs, but not in peripheral (p)-Tregs. DISCUSSION Treg dysfunction in patients with MS might be related to an altered transcriptome of t-Tregs and a proinflammatory environment. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of Tregs and their subtypes in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Lorenzini
- From the Neuroimmunology and MS Research (T.L., W.F., J.R., M.J.D., R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich; Division of Immunology (T.L.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich; Cellerys AG (W.F., R.M.), Schlieren, Switzerland; Immunity and Cancer (U932) (W.F.), Immune Response to Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, CEDEX 05, Paris, France; Functional Genomics Center Zurich (L.O.), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich; Institute of Experimental Immunology (R.M.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; and Therapeutic Design Unit (R.M.), Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Faigle
- From the Neuroimmunology and MS Research (T.L., W.F., J.R., M.J.D., R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich; Division of Immunology (T.L.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich; Cellerys AG (W.F., R.M.), Schlieren, Switzerland; Immunity and Cancer (U932) (W.F.), Immune Response to Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, CEDEX 05, Paris, France; Functional Genomics Center Zurich (L.O.), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich; Institute of Experimental Immunology (R.M.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; and Therapeutic Design Unit (R.M.), Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josefine Ruder
- From the Neuroimmunology and MS Research (T.L., W.F., J.R., M.J.D., R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich; Division of Immunology (T.L.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich; Cellerys AG (W.F., R.M.), Schlieren, Switzerland; Immunity and Cancer (U932) (W.F.), Immune Response to Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, CEDEX 05, Paris, France; Functional Genomics Center Zurich (L.O.), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich; Institute of Experimental Immunology (R.M.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; and Therapeutic Design Unit (R.M.), Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - María José Docampo
- From the Neuroimmunology and MS Research (T.L., W.F., J.R., M.J.D., R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich; Division of Immunology (T.L.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich; Cellerys AG (W.F., R.M.), Schlieren, Switzerland; Immunity and Cancer (U932) (W.F.), Immune Response to Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, CEDEX 05, Paris, France; Functional Genomics Center Zurich (L.O.), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich; Institute of Experimental Immunology (R.M.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; and Therapeutic Design Unit (R.M.), Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart Opitz
- From the Neuroimmunology and MS Research (T.L., W.F., J.R., M.J.D., R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich; Division of Immunology (T.L.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich; Cellerys AG (W.F., R.M.), Schlieren, Switzerland; Immunity and Cancer (U932) (W.F.), Immune Response to Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, CEDEX 05, Paris, France; Functional Genomics Center Zurich (L.O.), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich; Institute of Experimental Immunology (R.M.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; and Therapeutic Design Unit (R.M.), Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roland Martin
- From the Neuroimmunology and MS Research (T.L., W.F., J.R., M.J.D., R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich; Division of Immunology (T.L.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich; Cellerys AG (W.F., R.M.), Schlieren, Switzerland; Immunity and Cancer (U932) (W.F.), Immune Response to Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, CEDEX 05, Paris, France; Functional Genomics Center Zurich (L.O.), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich; Institute of Experimental Immunology (R.M.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; and Therapeutic Design Unit (R.M.), Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Khalilollah S, Kalantari Soltanieh S, Obaid Saleh R, Ali Alzahrani A, Ghaleb Maabreh H, Mazin Al-Hamdani M, Dehghani-Ghorbi M, Shafiei Khonachaei M, Akhavan-Sigari R. LncRNAs involvement in pathogenesis of immune-related disease via regulation of T regulatory cells, an updated review. Cytokine 2024; 179:156585. [PMID: 38579428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of several illnesses, including cancer and autoimmune diseasesdepends on human regulatory T cells (Tregs), and abnormalities in these cells may function as triggers for these conditions. Cancer and autoimmune, and gynecological diseases are associated with the differentiation of the proinflammatory T cell subset TH17 and its balance with the production of Treg. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have become important regulatory molecules in a wide range of illnesses. During epigenetic regulation, they can control the expression of important genes at several levels by affecting transcription, post-transcriptional actions, translation, and protein modification. They might connect with different molecules, such as proteins, DNA and RNA, and their structural composition is intricate. Because lncRNAs regulatebiological processes, including cell division, death, and growth, they are linked to severaldiseases. A notable instance of this is the lncRNA NEAT1, which has been the subject of several investigations to ascertain its function in immune cell development. In the context of immune cell development, several additional lncRNAs have been connected to Treg cell differentiation. In this work, we summarize current findings about the diverse functions of lncRNAs in Treg cell differentiation and control of the Th17/Treg homeostasis in autoimmune disorders, cancers, as well as several gynecological diseases where Tregs are key players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Khalilollah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Pathological Analysis, College of Applied Science, University of Fallujah, Al-Anbar, Iraq.
| | | | - Hatem Ghaleb Maabreh
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Foreign Languages, RUDN University (Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba), Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Mahmoud Dehghani-Ghorbi
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Imam Hossein Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Poland.
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4
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Shi L, Lim JY, Kam LC. Improving regulatory T cell production through mechanosensing. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:1138-1148. [PMID: 38450935 PMCID: PMC11065567 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Induced Tregs (iTregs) have great promise in adoptive immunotherapy for treatment of autoimmune diseases. This report investigates the impacts of substrate stiffness on human Treg induction, providing a powerful yet simple approach to improving production of these cells. Conventional CD4+ human T cells were activated on materials of different elastic modulus and cultured under suppressive conditions. Enhanced Treg induction was observed on softer materials as early as 3 days following activation and persisted for multiple weeks. Substrate stiffness also affected epigenetic modification of Treg specific genes and Treg suppressive capacity. Tregs induced on substrates of an optimal stiffness balance quantity and suppressive quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingting Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Jee Yoon Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Lance C. Kam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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5
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Arellano G, Acuña E, Loda E, Moore L, Tichauer JE, Castillo C, Vergara F, Burgos PI, Penaloza-MacMaster P, Miller SD, Naves R. Therapeutic role of interferon-γ in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is mediated through a tolerogenic subset of splenic CD11b + myeloid cells. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:144. [PMID: 38822334 PMCID: PMC11143617 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cumulative evidence has established that Interferon (IFN)-γ has both pathogenic and protective roles in Multiple Sclerosis and the animal model, Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the underlying mechanisms to the beneficial effects of IFN-γ are not well understood. In this study, we found that IFN-γ exerts therapeutic effects on chronic, relapsing-remitting, and chronic progressive EAE models. The frequency of regulatory T (Treg) cells in spinal cords from chronic EAE mice treated with IFN-γ was significantly increased with no effect on Th1 and Th17 cells. Consistently, depletion of FOXP3-expressing cells blocked the protective effects of IFN-γ, indicating that the therapeutic effect of IFN-γ depends on the presence of Treg cells. However, IFN-γ did not trigger direct in vitro differentiation of Treg cells. In vivo administration of blocking antibodies against either interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β or program death (PD)-1, revealed that the protective effects of IFN-γ in EAE were also dependent on TGF-β and PD-1, but not on IL-10, suggesting that IFN-γ might have an indirect role on Treg cells acting through antigen-presenting cells. Indeed, IFN-γ treatment increased the frequency of a subset of splenic CD11b+ myeloid cells expressing TGF-β-Latency Associated Peptide (LAP) and program death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in a signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1-dependent manner. Furthermore, splenic CD11b+ cells from EAE mice preconditioned in vitro with IFN-γ and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide exhibited a tolerogenic phenotype with the capability to induce conversion of naïve CD4+ T cells mediated by secretion of TGF-β. Remarkably, adoptive transfer of splenic CD11b+ cells from IFN-γ-treated EAE mice into untreated recipient mice ameliorated clinical symptoms of EAE and limited central nervous system infiltration of mononuclear cells and effector helper T cells. These results reveal a novel cellular and molecular mechanism whereby IFN-γ promotes beneficial effects in EAE by endowing splenic CD11b+ myeloid cells with tolerogenic and therapeutic activities.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Myeloid Cells/drug effects
- Myeloid Cells/immunology
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Spleen/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- CD11b Antigen/metabolism
- Female
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/toxicity
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- Peptide Fragments/toxicity
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Arellano
- Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, US
- Center for Human Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Eric Acuña
- Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eileah Loda
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Lindsay Moore
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Juan E Tichauer
- Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Castillo
- Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabian Vergara
- Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula I Burgos
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, US
- Center for Human Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, US.
- Center for Human Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, US.
| | - Rodrigo Naves
- Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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6
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Gross CC, Schulte-Mecklenbeck A, Steinberg OV, Wirth T, Lauks S, Bittner S, Schindler P, Baranzini SE, Groppa S, Bellmann-Strobl J, Bünger N, Chien C, Dawin E, Eveslage M, Fleischer V, Gonzalez-Escamilla G, Gisevius B, Haas J, Kerschensteiner M, Kirstein L, Korsukewitz C, Lohmann L, Lünemann JD, Luessi F, Meyer Zu Hörste G, Motte J, Ruck T, Ruprecht K, Schwab N, Steffen F, Meuth SG, Paul F, Wildemann B, Kümpfel T, Gold R, Hahn T, Zipp F, Klotz L, Wiendl H. Multiple sclerosis endophenotypes identified by high-dimensional blood signatures are associated with distinct disease trajectories. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eade8560. [PMID: 38536936 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade8560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in managing multiple sclerosis is the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations and progression trajectories. It still remains to be elucidated whether this heterogeneity is reflected by discrete immune signatures in the blood as a surrogate of disease pathophysiology. Accordingly, individualized treatment selection based on immunobiological principles is still not feasible. Using two independent multicentric longitudinal cohorts of patients with early multiple sclerosis (n = 309 discovery and n = 232 validation), we were able to identify three distinct peripheral blood immunological endophenotypes by a combination of high-dimensional flow cytometry and serum proteomics, followed by unsupervised clustering. Longitudinal clinical and paraclinical follow-up data collected for the cohorts revealed that these endophenotypes were associated with disease trajectories of inflammation versus early structural damage. Investigating the capacity of immunotherapies to normalize endophenotype-specific immune signatures revealed discrete effect sizes as illustrated by the limited effect of interferon-β on endophenotype 3-related immune signatures. Accordingly, patients who fell into endophenotype 3 subsequently treated with interferon-β exhibited higher disease progression and MRI activity over a 4-year follow-up compared with treatment with other therapies. We therefore propose that ascertaining a patient's blood immune signature before immunomodulatory treatment initiation may facilitate prediction of clinical disease trajectories and enable personalized treatment decisions based on pathobiological principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina C Gross
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Olga V Steinberg
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Timo Wirth
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sarah Lauks
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Patrick Schindler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergio E Baranzini
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sergiu Groppa
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Judith Bellmann-Strobl
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nora Bünger
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Claudia Chien
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Univeritäsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Dawin
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Maria Eveslage
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Vinzenz Fleischer
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez-Escamilla
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Barbara Gisevius
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Haas
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lucienne Kirstein
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Catharina Korsukewitz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lisa Lohmann
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan D Lünemann
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Luessi
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerd Meyer Zu Hörste
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jeremias Motte
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klemens Ruprecht
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicholas Schwab
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Falk Steffen
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Brigitte Wildemann
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University Hospital of Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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7
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Martinez HA, Koliesnik I, Kaber G, Reid JK, Nagy N, Barlow G, Falk BA, Medina CO, Hargil A, Zihsler S, Vlodavsky I, Li JP, Pérez-Cruz M, Tang SW, Meyer EH, Wrenshall LE, Lord JD, Garcia KC, Palmer TD, Steinman L, Nepom GT, Wight TN, Bollyky PL, Kuipers HF. Regulatory T cells use heparanase to access IL-2 bound to extracellular matrix in inflamed tissue. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1564. [PMID: 38378682 PMCID: PMC10879116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Although FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) depend on IL-2 produced by other cells for their survival and function, the levels of IL-2 in inflamed tissue are low, making it unclear how Treg access this critical resource. Here, we show that Treg use heparanase (HPSE) to access IL-2 sequestered by heparan sulfate (HS) within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of inflamed central nervous system tissue. HPSE expression distinguishes human and murine Treg from conventional T cells and is regulated by the availability of IL-2. HPSE-/- Treg have impaired stability and function in vivo, including in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Conversely, endowing monoclonal antibody-directed chimeric antigen receptor (mAbCAR) Treg with HPSE enhances their ability to access HS-sequestered IL-2 and their ability to suppress neuroinflammation in vivo. Together, these data identify a role for HPSE and the ECM in immune tolerance, providing new avenues for improving Treg-based therapy of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter A Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ievgen Koliesnik
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline K Reid
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Graham Barlow
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ben A Falk
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carlos O Medina
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aviv Hargil
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Svenja Zihsler
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magdiel Pérez-Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sai-Wen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Everett H Meyer
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lucile E Wrenshall
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - James D Lord
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Theo D Palmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gerald T Nepom
- Immune Tolerance Network, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hedwich F Kuipers
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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8
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Ipavec N, Rogić Vidaković M, Markotić A, Pavelin S, Buljubašić Šoda M, Šoda J, Dolić K, Režić Mužinić N. Treated and Untreated Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Walkthrough Immunological Changes of Monocytes and T Regulatory Cells. Biomedicines 2024; 12:464. [PMID: 38398067 PMCID: PMC10887021 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate regulatory T cells (Tregs) and monocytes; specifically, the expression of CTLA-4 (CD152) and FOXP3+ in CD4+CD25+ Tregs and the expression of CD40+ and CD192+ monocyte subpopulations in subjects with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). Immunological analysis was conducted on peripheral blood samples collected from the 28 PPMS subjects (15 treated with ocrelizumab and 13 untreated PPMS subjects) and 10 healthy control subjects (HCs). The blood samples were incubated with antihuman CD14, CD16, CD40, and CD192 antibodies for monocytes and antihuman CD4, CD25, FOXP3, and CTLA-4 antibodies for lymphocytes. The study results showed that in comparison to HCs both ocrelizumab treated (N = 15) and untreated (N = 13) PPMS subjects had significantly increased percentages of CTLA-4+ and FOXP3+ in CD4+CD25+ Tregs. Further, ocrelizumab treated PPMS subjects, compared to the untreated ones, had significantly decreased percentages of CD192+ and CD40+ nonclassical monocytes. Increased percentages of CTLA-4+ and FOXP3+ in CD4+CD25+ Tregs in both ocrelizumab treated and untreated PPMS subjects indicates the suppressive (inhibitory) role of Tregs in abnormal immune responses in PPMS subjects. Decreased percentages of CD40+ and CD192+ non-classical CD14+CD16++ monocytes for treated compared to untreated PPMS subjects suggests a possible role for ocrelizumab in dampening CNS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Ipavec
- Transfusion Medicine Division, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Maja Rogić Vidaković
- Laboratory for Human and Experimental Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Anita Markotić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Sanda Pavelin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | | | - Joško Šoda
- Signal Processing, Analysis, Advanced Diagnostics Research and Education Laboratory (SPAADREL), Department for Marine Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Krešimir Dolić
- Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Režić Mužinić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
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9
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Ahmed A, Rawshan AEM, Tishe ZH, Shawkat S, Popy MN, Shohag MH, Hossain M, Mostaid MS. Association of CD58 rs12044852 and rs2300747 polymorphisms with the risk of multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 82:105411. [PMID: 38176285 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple sclerosis is a serious neurodegenerative disorder that causes disability in young adults. Genetic predisposition of multiple sclerosis is well documented and several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CD58 were found to be associated with this disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis were done with the aim of finding the association between CD58 gene SNPs (rs12044852 and rs2300747) and the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHOD A comprehensive search was done in PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and MSGene.org to find the relevant data. Our search yielded 13 relevant publications which were included for meta-analysis consisting of 5194 cases and 5766 controls. All the statistical analysis was conducted using meta and metafor packages in R studio. The odds ratio (OR) along with 95 % confidence intervals and p values were determined using the fixed effects and random effects model. The I2 test was done to measure heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was performed along with analysis for publication bias. RESULTS We found significant association for both rs12044852 (allelic, dominant, over-dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous models) and rs2300747 (allelic, dominant, over-dominant, heterozygous models) with multiple sclerosis. Both the SNPs provided a protective effect for multiple sclerosis. Subgroup analysis indicated that rs12044852 polymorphism provided a protective effect in both Asians and Caucasians. However, for rs2300747, the Asian population showed no statistically significant association with the risk of MS. CONCLUSION Polymorphism of rs12044852 and rs2300747 of the CD58 gene provided a protective effect for multiple sclerosis. The protective effect is more prominent in Caucasian populations compared to Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Plot 15, Block B, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | | | - Zasia Hossain Tishe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Plot 15, Block B, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjana Shawkat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Plot 15, Block B, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Meherun Nessa Popy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Plot 15, Block B, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasanuzzaman Shohag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Plot 15, Block B, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Murad Hossain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Plot 15, Block B, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shaki Mostaid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Plot 15, Block B, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh.
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10
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Fasihi M, Samimi-Badabi M, Robat-Jazi B, Bitarafan S, Moghadasi AN, Mansouri F, Yekaninejad MS, Izad M, Saboor-Yaraghi AA. Immunoregulatory Effects of the Active Form of Vitamin D (Calcitriol), Individually and in Combination with Curcumin, on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Patients. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2024; 23:138-147. [PMID: 38566376 DOI: 10.2174/0118715230293847240314073359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system. Immune cell subsets, notably T helper (Th) 17 and Th1, exert important roles in MS pathogenesis. Whereas, Treg cells modulate the disease process. Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, and curcumin, a bioactive compound derived from turmeric, play immunomodulatory effects relevant to autoimmune disorders, including MS. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of calcitriol and Curcumin on Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of individuals with MS. METHODS PBMCs from twenty MS patients were isolated, cultured, and exposed to 0.004 μg/mL of calcitriol and 10 μg/mL of curcumin. The cells underwent treatment with singular or combined doses of these components to assess potential cumulative or synergistic immunomodulatory effects. Following treatment, the expression levels of genes and the cellular population of Treg, Th1 and Th17 were evaluated using Real-time PCR and flow cytometry. RESULTS Treatment with curcumin and calcitriol led to a significant reduction in the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and transcription factors related to Th1 and Th17 cells, including IFN-γ, T-bet, IL-17, and RORC. Furthermore, the frequency of these cells decreased following treatment. Additionally, curcumin and calcitriol treatment resulted in a significant upregulation of the FOXP3 gene expression and an increase in the frequency of Treg cells. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that curcumin and calcitriol can effectively modulate the inflammatory processes intrinsic to MS by mitigating the expression of inflammatory cytokines by Th1 and Th17 cells while concurrently enhancing the regulatory role of Treg cells. Moreover, the combined treatment of curcumin and calcitriol did not yield superior outcomes compared to single-dosing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Fasihi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Samimi-Badabi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Robat-Jazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sama Bitarafan
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Department of Neurology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi
- Department of Neurology and MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mansouri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Izad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboor-Yaraghi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Turner TA, Lehman P, Ghimire S, Shahi SK, Mangalam A. Game of microbes: the battle within - gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2387794. [PMID: 39114974 PMCID: PMC11313001 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2387794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and progressive autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to the pathobiology of the disease. While human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes have emerged as the strongest genetic factor, consensus on environmental risk factors are lacking. Recently, trillions of microbes residing in our gut (microbiome) have emerged as a potential environmental factor linked with the pathobiology of MS as PwMS show gut microbial dysbiosis (altered gut microbiome). Thus, there has been a strong emphasis on understanding the factors (host and environmental) regulating the composition of the gut microbiota and the mechanism(s) through which gut microbes contribute to MS disease, especially through immune system modulation. A better understanding of these interactions will help harness the enormous potential of the gut microbiota as a therapeutic approach to treating MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Ara Turner
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter Lehman
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Experimental Pathology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sudeep Ghimire
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Shailesh K. Shahi
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ashutosh Mangalam
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Experimental Pathology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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12
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Ahmad SF, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Bakheet SA, Alasmari AF, Shahid M, Al-Mazroua HA, Alomar HA, AsSobeai HM, Alshamrani AA, Attia SM. MAP kinase inhibitor PD98059 regulates Th1, Th9, Th17, and natural T regulatory cells in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176086. [PMID: 37832863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), provides significant insights into the mechanisms that initiate and drive autoimmunity. MS is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, characterized by inflammatory infiltration associated with demyelination. T lymphocyte cells play a crucial role in MS, whereas natural T regulatory (nTreg) cells prevent autoimmune inflammation by suppressing lymphocyte activity. This study sought to investigate the role of PD98059, a selective MAP kinase inhibitor, in Th1, Th9, Th17, and nTreg cells using the SJL/J mouse model of EAE. Following EAE development, the mice were intraperitoneally administered PD98059 (5 mg/kg for two weeks) daily. We evaluated the effects of PD98059 on Th1 (IFN-γ and T-bet), Th9 (IL-9 and IRF4), Th17 (IL-17A and RORγT), and nTreg (FoxP3 and Helios) cells in the spleen using flow cytometry. Moreover, we explored the effects of PD98059 on the IFN-γ, T-bet, IL-9, IRF4, IL-17A, RORγT, FoxP3, and Helios mRNA and protein levels in brain tissues using qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses. PD98059 treatment significantly decreased the proportion of CD4+IFN-γ+, CD4+T-bet+, CD4+IL-9+, CD4+IRF4+, CD4+IL-17A+, CD4+RORγT+, CD4+IL-17A+, and CD4+RORγT+ cells while increasing that of CD4+FoxP3+ and CD4+Helios+ cells. In addition, PD98059 administration decreased the mRNA and protein levels of IFN-γ, T-bet, IL-9, IRF4, IL-17A, and RORγT but increased those of FoxP3 and Helios in the brain tissue of EAE mice. Our findings suggest that PD98059 corrects immune dysfunction in EAE mice, which is concurrent with the modulation of multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassar Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen A Al-Mazroua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatun A Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Homood M AsSobeai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Aldossari AA, Assiri MA, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Attia SM, Bakheet SA, Albekairi TH, Alomar HA, Al-Mazroua HA, Almanaa TN, Al-Hamamah MA, Alwetaid MY, Ahmad SF. Histamine H4 Receptor Antagonist Ameliorates the Progression of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis via Regulation of T-Cell Imbalance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15273. [PMID: 37894952 PMCID: PMC10607370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative condition characterized by immune-mediated attacks on the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in demyelination and recurring T-cell responses. The histamine H4 receptor (H4R) is mainly expressed in cellular populations and plays a vital role in inflammation and immunological responses. The role of H4R in neurons of the CNS has recently been revealed. However, the precise role of H4R in neuronal function remains inadequately understood. The objective of this work was to investigate the impact of JNJ 10191584 (JNJ), a highly effective and specific H4R antagonist, on the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and to gain insight into the underlying mechanism involved. In this study, we examined the potential impact of JNJ therapy on the course of EAE in SJL/J mice. EAE mice were administered an oral dose of JNJ at a concentration of 6 mg/kg once a day, starting from day 10 and continuing until day 42. Afterward, the mice's clinical scores were assessed. In this study, we conducted additional research to examine the impact of JNJ on several types of immune cells, specifically Th1 (IFN-γ and T-bet), Th9 (IL-9 and IRF4), Th17 (IL-17A and RORγt), and regulatory T (Tregs; Foxp3 and TGF-β1) cells in the spleen. In this study, we further investigated the impact of JNJ on the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, T-bet, IL-9, IRF4, IL-17A, RORγt, Foxp3, and TGF-β1 in the brain. Daily treatment of JNJ effectively reduced the development of EAE in mice. The percentages of CD4+IFN-γ+, CD4+T-bet+, CD4+IL-9+, CD4+IRF4+, CD4+IL-17A+, and CD4+RORγt+ cells were shown to decrease, whereas the percentages of CD4+TGF-β1+ and CD4+Foxp3+ cells were observed to increase in EAE mice treated with JNJ. Therefore, the HR4 antagonist positively affected the course of EAE by modulating the signaling of transcription factors. The identified results include possible ramifications in the context of MS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A. Aldossari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A. Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M. Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer H. Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatun A. Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen A. Al-Mazroua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed N. Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Hamamah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alwetaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Sharifa M, Ghosh T, Daher OA, Bhusal P, Alaameri YA, Naz J, Ekhator C, Bellegarde SB, Bisharat P, Vaghani V, Hussain A. Unraveling the Gut-Brain Axis in Multiple Sclerosis: Exploring Dysbiosis, Oxidative Stress, and Therapeutic Insights. Cureus 2023; 15:e47058. [PMID: 38022314 PMCID: PMC10644699 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis (MS), shedding light on the potential therapeutic avenues for this complex autoimmune disease. It emphasizes the multifactorial nature of MS, including genetic, environmental, and gender-related factors. Furthermore, the article highlights the emerging role of gut microbiota in MS pathophysiology, particularly in terms of gut dysbiosis, oxidative stress, and inflammasome activation within the gut-brain axis. This interplay raises intriguing questions about how the gut microbiota influences the onset and progression of MS. Environmental factors, such as diet and pollutants, add further layers of complexity to the connection between gut health and MS risk. This review also discusses promising therapeutic interventions, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, dietary adjustments, and gut-derived metabolites that offer potential avenues for managing MS. It underscores the need for ongoing research to fully unravel the complexities of the role of the gut-brain axis in MS. Ultimately, this article provides a comprehensive exploration of the topic, offering hope for novel preventive and therapeutic strategies that could significantly improve the lives of individuals affected by this challenging autoimmune condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanmay Ghosh
- Medical Education, Dinabandhu Andrews College, West Bengal, IND
| | - Omar A Daher
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Beirut Arab University, Tripoli, LBN
| | - Pramod Bhusal
- Internal Medicine, College Of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, NPL
| | | | - Javeria Naz
- Internal Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
| | - Chukwuyem Ekhator
- Neuro-Oncology, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, USA
| | - Sophia B Bellegarde
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Antigua, St. John's, ATG
| | | | - Viralkumar Vaghani
- Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA
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15
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Moon JS, Ho CC, Park JH, Park K, Shin BY, Lee SH, Sequeira I, Mun CH, Shin JS, Kim JH, Kim BS, Noh JW, Lee ES, Son JY, Kim Y, Lee Y, Cho H, So S, Park J, Choi E, Oh JW, Lee SW, Morio T, Watt FM, Seong RH, Lee SK. Lrig1-expression confers suppressive function to CD4 + cells and is essential for averting autoimmunity via the Smad2/3/Foxp3 axis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5382. [PMID: 37666819 PMCID: PMC10477202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are CD4+ T cells with immune-suppressive function, which is defined by Foxp3 expression. However, the molecular determinants defining the suppressive population of T cells have yet to be discovered. Here we report that the cell surface protein Lrig1 is enriched in suppressive T cells and controls their suppressive behaviors. Within CD4+ T cells, Treg cells express the highest levels of Lrig1, and the expression level is further increasing with activation. The Lrig1+ subpopulation from T helper (Th) 17 cells showed higher suppressive activity than the Lrig1- subpopulation. Lrig1-deficiency impairs the suppressive function of Treg cells, while Lrig1-deficient naïve T cells normally differentiate into other T cell subsets. Adoptive transfer of CD4+Lrig1+ T cells alleviates autoimmune symptoms in colitis and lupus nephritis mouse models. A monoclonal anti-Lrig1 antibody significantly improves the symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In conclusion, Lrig1 is an important regulator of suppressive T cell function and an exploitable target for treating autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seung Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Chang Ho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Park
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ines Sequeira
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chin Hee Mun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Su Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Kim
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuna Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Lee
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SunHyeon So
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsu Choi
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rho Hyun Seong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyou Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Al-Hawary SIS, Kashikova K, Ioffe EM, Izbasarova A, Hjazi A, Tayyib NA, Alsalamy A, Hussien BM, Hameed M, Abdalkareem MJ. Pathological role of LncRNAs in immune-related disease via regulation of T regulatory cells. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154709. [PMID: 37586216 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Human regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential in pathogenesis of several diseases such as autoimmune diseases and cancers, and their imbalances may be promoting factor in these disorders. The development of the proinflammatory T cell subset TH17 and its balance with the generation of regulatory T cells (Treg) is linked to autoimmune disease and cancers. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as powerful regulatory molecules in a variety of diseases and can regulate the expression of significant genes at multiple levels through epigenetic regulation and by modulating transcription, post-transcriptional processes, translation, and protein modification. They may interact with a wide range of molecules, including DNA, RNA, and proteins, and have a complex structural makeup. LncRNAs are implicated in a range of illnesses due to their regulatory impact on a variety of biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. In this regard, a prominent example is lncRNA NEAT1 which several studies have performed to determine its role in the differentiation of immune cells. Many other lncRNAs have been linked to Treg cell differentiation in the context of immune cell differentiation. In this study, we review recent research on the various roles of lncRNAs in differentiation of Treg cell and regulation of the Th17/Treg balance in autoimmune diseases and tumors in which T regs play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khadisha Kashikova
- Caspian University, International School of Medicine, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Elena M Ioffe
- Department of Military Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Defence, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | | | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla A Tayyib
- Faculty of Nursing, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
| | - Beneen M Hussien
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Mohamood Hameed
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
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17
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Maroto-García J, Martínez-Escribano A, Delgado-Gil V, Mañez M, Mugueta C, Varo N, García de la Torre Á, Ruiz-Galdón M. Biochemical biomarkers for multiple sclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 548:117471. [PMID: 37419300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Although there is currently no definite cure for MS, new therapies have recently been developed based on a continuous search for new biomarkers. DEVELOPMENT MS diagnosis relies on the integration of clinical, imaging and laboratory findings as there is still no singlepathognomonicclinical feature or diagnostic laboratory biomarker. The most commonly laboratory test used is the presence of immunoglobulin G oligoclonal bands (OCB) in cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients. This test is now included in the 2017 McDonald criteria as a biomarker of dissemination in time. Nevertheless, there are other biomarkers currently in use such as kappa free light chain, which has shown higher sensitivity and specificity for MS diagnosis than OCB. In addition, other potential laboratory tests involved in neuronal damage, demyelination and/or inflammation could be used for detecting MS. CONCLUSIONS CSF and serum biomarkers have been reviewed for their use in MS diagnosis and prognosis to stablish an accurate and prompt MS diagnosis, crucial to implement an adequate treatment and to optimize clinical outcomes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Maroto-García
- Biochemistry Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Faculty of Medicine. University of Malaga, Spain.
| | - Ana Martínez-Escribano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Faculty of Medicine. University of Malaga, Spain; Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-ARRIXACA, Murcia, Spain
| | - Virginia Delgado-Gil
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - Minerva Mañez
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Mugueta
- Biochemistry Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Spain
| | - Nerea Varo
- Biochemistry Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Spain
| | - Ángela García de la Torre
- Clinical Analysis Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain; The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Maximiliano Ruiz-Galdón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Faculty of Medicine. University of Malaga, Spain; Clinical Analysis Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain; The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
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18
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Ortega MC, Lebrón-Galán R, Machín-Díaz I, Naughton M, Pérez-Molina I, García-Arocha J, Garcia-Dominguez JM, Goicoechea-Briceño H, Vila-Del Sol V, Quintanero-Casero V, García-Montero R, Galán V, Calahorra L, Camacho-Toledano C, Martínez-Ginés ML, Fitzgerald DC, Clemente D. Central and peripheral myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like cells are closely related to the clinical severity of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:263-282. [PMID: 37243699 PMCID: PMC10329064 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly heterogeneous demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that needs for reliable biomarkers to foresee disease severity. Recently, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as an immune cell population with an important role in MS. The monocytic-MDSCs (M-MDSCs) share the phenotype with Ly-6Chi-cells in the MS animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and have been retrospectively related to the severity of the clinical course in the EAE. However, no data are available about the presence of M-MDSCs in the CNS of MS patients or its relation with the future disease aggressiveness. In this work, we show for the first time cells exhibiting all the bona-fide phenotypical markers of M-MDSCs associated with MS lesions, whose abundance in these areas appears to be directly correlated with longer disease duration in primary progressive MS patients. Moreover, we show that blood immunosuppressive Ly-6Chi-cells are strongly related to the future severity of EAE disease course. We found that a higher abundance of Ly-6Chi-cells at the onset of the EAE clinical course is associated with a milder disease course and less tissue damage. In parallel, we determined that the abundance of M-MDSCs in blood samples from untreated MS patients at their first relapse is inversely correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at baseline and after a 1-year follow-up. In summary, our data point to M-MDSC load as a factor to be considered for future studies focused on the prediction of disease severity in EAE and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cristina Ortega
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca "La Peraleda" s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, c/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Lebrón-Galán
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca "La Peraleda" s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Isabel Machín-Díaz
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca "La Peraleda" s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, c/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michelle Naughton
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Inmaculada Pérez-Molina
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Av. del Río Guadiana, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jennifer García-Arocha
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca "La Peraleda" s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Garcia-Dominguez
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle del Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Haydee Goicoechea-Briceño
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle del Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Vila-Del Sol
- Servicio de Citometría de Flujo, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca "La Peraleda" s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Víctor Quintanero-Casero
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca "La Peraleda" s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Rosa García-Montero
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Av. del Río Guadiana, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Victoria Galán
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Av. del Río Guadiana, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Leticia Calahorra
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca "La Peraleda" s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Celia Camacho-Toledano
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca "La Peraleda" s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, c/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Martínez-Ginés
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle del Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Denise C Fitzgerald
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Diego Clemente
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca "La Peraleda" s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, c/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Ahmad SF, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Bakheet SA, Al-Mazroua HA, Alomar HA, Al-Hamamah MA, Attia SM. S3I-201, a selective stat3 inhibitor, ameliorates clinical symptoms in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through the regulation of multiple intracellular signalling in Th1, Th17, and treg cells. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 73:104658. [PMID: 36989705 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells, specifically Th cells (Th1 and Th17) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating autoimmune disease of the CNS. STAT3 inhibitors are potential therapeutic targets for several immune disorders. In this study, we investigated the role of a well-known STAT3 inhibitor, S3I-201, in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS. Following induction of EAE, mice were intraperitoneally administered S3I-201 (10 mg/kg) each day, beginning on day 14 and continuing till day 35 and were evaluated for clinical signs. Flow cytometry was used to investigate further the effect of S3I-201 on Th1 (IFN-γ, STAT1, pSTAT1, and T-bet), Th17 (IL-17A, STAT3, pSTAT3, and RORγt), and regulatory T cells (Treg, IL-10, TGF-β1, and FoxP3) expressed in splenic CD4+ T cells. Moreover, we analyzed the effects of S3I-201 on mRNA and protein expression of IFN-γ, T-bet, IL-17A, STAT1, STAT3, pSTAT1, pSTAT3, RORγ, IL-10, TGF-β1, and FoxP3 in the brains of EAE mice. The severity of clinical scores decreased in S3I-201-treated EAE mice compared to vehicle-treated EAE mice. S3I-201 treatment significantly decreased CD4+IFN-γ+, CD4+STAT1+, CD4+pSTAT1+, CD4+T-bet+, CD4+IL-17A+, CD4+STAT3+, CD4+pSTAT3+, and CD4+RORγt+ and increased CD4+IL-10+, CD4+TGF-β1+, and CD4+FoxP3+ in the spleens of EAE mice. Additionally, S3I-201 administration in EAE mice significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of Th1 and Th17 and increased those of Treg. These results suggest that S3I-201 may have novel therapeutic potential against MS.
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20
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Martinez HA, Koliesnik I, Kaber G, Reid JK, Nagy N, Barlow G, Falk BA, Medina CO, Hargil A, Vlodavsky I, Li JP, Pérez-Cruz M, Tang SW, Meyer EH, Wrenshall LE, Lord JD, Garcia KC, Palmer TD, Steinman L, Nepom GT, Wight TN, Bollyky PL, Kuipers HF. FOXP3 + regulatory T cells use heparanase to access IL-2 bound to ECM in inflamed tissues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.26.529772. [PMID: 36909599 PMCID: PMC10002643 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.26.529772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) depend on exogenous IL-2 for their survival and function, but circulating levels of IL-2 are low, making it unclear how Treg access this critical resource in vivo. Here, we show that Treg use heparanase (HPSE) to access IL-2 sequestered by heparan sulfate (HS) within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of inflamed central nervous system tissue. HPSE expression distinguishes human and murine Treg from conventional T cells and is regulated by the availability of IL-2. HPSE-/- Treg have impaired stability and function in vivo, including the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Conversely, endowing Treg with HPSE enhances their ability to access HS-sequestered IL-2 and their tolerogenic function in vivo. Together, these data identify novel roles for HPSE and the ECM in immune tolerance, providing new avenues for improving Treg-based therapy of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter A Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Ievgen Koliesnik
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Jacqueline K Reid
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Calgary, Canada
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Graham Barlow
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Ben A Falk
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, USA
| | - Carlos O Medina
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Aviv Hargil
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Tumor Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa, Israel
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University; Uppsala, Finland
| | - Magdiel Pérez-Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Sai-Wen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Everett H Meyer
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Lucile E Wrenshall
- Department of Surgery, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University; Dayton, USA
| | - James D Lord
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University; Stanford, USA
| | - Theo D Palmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Gerald T Nepom
- Immune Tolerance Network, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, USA
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Hedwich F Kuipers
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Calgary, Canada
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21
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Greeck VB, Williams SK, Haas J, Wildemann B, Fairless R. Alterations in Lymphocytic Metabolism-An Emerging Hallmark of MS Pathophysiology? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032094. [PMID: 36768415 PMCID: PMC9917089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterised by acute inflammation and subsequent neuro-axonal degeneration resulting in progressive neurological impairment. Aberrant immune system activation in the periphery and subsequent lymphocyte migration to the CNS contribute to the pathophysiology. Recent research has identified metabolic dysfunction as an additional feature of MS. It is already well known that energy deficiency in neurons caused by impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation results in ionic imbalances that trigger degenerative pathways contributing to white and grey matter atrophy. However, metabolic dysfunction in MS appears to be more widespread than the CNS. This review focuses on recent research assessing the metabolism and mitochondrial function in peripheral immune cells of MS patients and lymphocytes isolated from murine models of MS. Emerging evidence suggests that pharmacological modulation of lymphocytic metabolism may regulate their subtype differentiation and rebalance pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. As such, further understanding of MS immunometabolism may aid the identification of novel treatments to specifically target proinflammatory immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria B. Greeck
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah K. Williams
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Haas
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Wildemann
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Fairless
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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22
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Harsini S, Rezaei N. Autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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23
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Miyauchi E, Shimokawa C, Steimle A, Desai MS, Ohno H. The impact of the gut microbiome on extra-intestinal autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:9-23. [PMID: 35534624 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of autoimmune diseases (ADs) worldwide has rapidly increased over the past few decades. Thus, in addition to the classical risk factors for ADs, such as genetic polymorphisms, infections and smoking, environmental triggers have been considered. Recent sequencing-based approaches have revealed that patients with extra-intestinal ADs, such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus, have distinct gut microbiota compositions compared to healthy controls. Faecal microbiota transplantation or inoculation with specific microbes in animal models of ADs support the hypothesis that alterations of gut microbiota influence autoimmune responses and disease outcome. Here, we describe the compositional and functional changes in the gut microbiota in patients with extra-intestinal AD and discuss how the gut microbiota affects immunity. Moreover, we examine how the gut microbiota might be modulated in patients with ADs as a potential preventive or therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Miyauchi
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Haebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Chikako Shimokawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alex Steimle
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Mahesh S Desai
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan.
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Verreycken J, Baeten P, Broux B. Regulatory T cell therapy for multiple sclerosis: Breaching (blood-brain) barriers. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2153534. [PMID: 36576251 PMCID: PMC9891682 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2153534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder causing demyelination and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. MS is characterized by disturbed motor performance and cognitive impairment. Current MS treatments delay disease progression and reduce relapse rates with general immunomodulation, yet curative therapies are still lacking. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are able to suppress autoreactive immune cells, which drive MS pathology. However, Tregs are functionally impaired in people with MS. Interestingly, Tregs were recently reported to also have regenerative capacity. Therefore, experts agree that Treg cell therapy has the potential to ameliorate the disease. However, to perform their local anti-inflammatory and regenerative functions in the brain, they must first migrate across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This review summarizes the reported results concerning the migration of Tregs across the BBB and the influence of Tregs on migration of other immune subsets. Finally, their therapeutic potential is discussed in the context of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Verreycken
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium,University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Paulien Baeten
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium,University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium,University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium,CONTACT Bieke Broux Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Martelarenlaan 42, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
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25
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Wouters R, Vankerckhoven A, Verreet W, Ceusters J, Coosemans A. Do autoimmune diseases influence the onset and progression of ovarian cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2022; 32:1583-1591. [PMID: 36028235 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2022-003570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer remains the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. The immune system influences the onset and progression of ovarian cancer. Therefore, we aimed to study the behavior of ovarian cancer in patients with a pre-existing immune dysfunction, more specifically autoimmune disease. METHODS For this systematic review we carried out a systematic search of four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science) with the two main search terms "autoimmunity" and "ovarian cancer" up to May 10, 2020. We included 36 different autoimmune diseases in our search. From the 4799 screened records, we identified 53 relevant articles for our review, of which 48 were used in our meta-analysis. RESULTS The incidence of ovarian cancer was significantly lower in patients with multiple sclerosis (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) 0.76, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.96). There was a tendency towards a lower risk of ovarian cancer in patients with systematic lupus erythematosus (SIR 0.89, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.15) and a tendency towards a higher risk in those with type 1 diabetes mellitus (SIR 1.49, 95% CI 0.98 to 2.28); however, this was not statistically significant. No conclusions could be drawn on mortality or the influence of immunosuppressive drugs used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and the incidence of ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed a decreased incidence of ovarian cancer in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, further investigation on the role of the immune system in the development of ovarian cancer in women with autoimmune diseases remains necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Wouters
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Oncoinvent AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann Vankerckhoven
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jolien Ceusters
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Coosemans
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Single-Cell Analysis to Better Understand the Mechanisms Involved in MS. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012142. [PMID: 36292995 PMCID: PMC9602568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Although this disease is widely studied, many of the precise mechanisms involved are still not well known. Numerous studies currently focusing on multiple sclerosis highlight the involvement of many major immune cell subsets, such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and more recently B cells. However, our vision of its pathology has remained too broad to allow the proper use of targeted therapeutics. This past decade, new technologies have emerged, enabling deeper research into the different cell subsets at the single-cell level both in the periphery and in the central nervous system. These technologies could allow us to identify new cell populations involved in the disease process and new therapeutic targets. In this review, we briefly introduce the major single-cell technologies currently used in studies before diving into the major findings from the multiple sclerosis research from the past 5 years. We focus on results that were obtained using single-cell technologies to study immune cells and cells from the central nervous system.
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Levite M. Neuro faces of beneficial T cells: essential in brain, impaired in aging and neurological diseases, and activated functionally by neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1165-1178. [PMID: 36453390 PMCID: PMC9838142 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.357903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are essential for a healthy life, performing continuously: immune surveillance, recognition, protection, activation, suppression, assistance, eradication, secretion, adhesion, migration, homing, communications, and additional tasks. This paper describes five aspects of normal beneficial T cells in the healthy or diseased brain. First, normal beneficial T cells are essential for normal healthy brain functions: cognition, spatial learning, memory, adult neurogenesis, and neuroprotection. T cells decrease secondary neuronal degeneration, increase neuronal survival after central nervous system (CNS) injury, and limit CNS inflammation and damage upon injury and infection. Second, while pathogenic T cells contribute to CNS disorders, recent studies, mostly in animal models, show that specific subpopulations of normal beneficial T cells have protective and regenerative effects in several neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. These include Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), stroke, CNS trauma, chronic pain, and others. Both T cell-secreted molecules and direct cell-cell contacts deliver T cell neuroprotective, neuroregenerative and immunomodulatory effects. Third, normal beneficial T cells are abnormal, impaired, and dysfunctional in aging and multiple neurological diseases. Different T cell impairments are evident in aging, brain tumors (mainly Glioblastoma), severe viral infections (including COVID-19), chronic stress, major depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, ALS, MS, stroke, and other neuro-pathologies. The main detrimental mechanisms that impair T cell function are activation-induced cell death, exhaustion, senescence, and impaired T cell stemness. Fourth, several physiological neurotransmitters and neuropeptides induce by themselves multiple direct, potent, beneficial, and therapeutically-relevant effects on normal human T cells, via their receptors in T cells. This scientific field is called "Nerve-Driven Immunity". The main neurotransmitters and neuropeptides that induce directly activating and beneficial effects on naïve normal human T cells are: dopamine, glutamate, GnRH-II, neuropeptide Y, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and somatostatin. Fifth, "Personalized Adoptive Neuro-Immunotherapy". This is a novel unique cellular immunotherapy, based on the "Nerve-Driven Immunity" findings, which was recently designed and patented for safe and repeated rejuvenation, activation, and improvement of impaired and dysfunctional T cells of any person in need, by ex vivo exposure of the person's T cells to neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Personalized adoptive neuro-immunotherapy includes an early ex vivo personalized diagnosis, and subsequent ex vivo → in vivo personalized adoptive therapy, tailored according to the diagnosis. The Personalized Adoptive Neuro-Immunotherapy has not yet been tested in humans, pending validation of safety and efficacy in clinical trials, especially in brain tumors, chronic infectious diseases, and aging, in which T cells are exhausted and/or senescent and dysfunctional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Levite
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Campus Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel,Institute of Gene Therapy, The Hadassah University Hospital-Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel,Correspondence to: Mia Levite, or .
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28
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DeMaio A, Mehrotra S, Sambamurti K, Husain S. The role of the adaptive immune system and T cell dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:251. [PMID: 36209107 PMCID: PMC9548183 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune system and associated inflammation are vital in surveillance and host protection against internal and external threats, but can secondarily damage host tissues. The central nervous system is immune-privileged and largely protected from the circulating inflammatory pathways. However, T cell involvement and the disruption of the blood-brain barriers have been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Under normal physiological conditions, regulatory T cells (Treg cells) dampen the inflammatory response of effector T cells. In the pathological states of many neurodegenerative disorders, the ability of Treg cells to mitigate inflammation is reduced, and a pro-inflammatory environment persists. This perspective review provides current knowledge on the roles of T cell subsets (e.g., effector T cells, Treg cells) in neurodegenerative and ocular diseases, including uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Many neurodegenerative and ocular diseases have been linked to immune dysregulation, but the cellular events and molecular mechanisms involved in such processes remain largely unknown. Moreover, the role of T cells in ocular pathologies remains poorly defined and limited literature is available in this area of research. Adoptive transfer of Treg cells appears to be a vital immunological approach to control ocular pathologies. Similarities in T cell dysfunction seen among non-ocular neurodegenerative diseases suggest that this area of research has a great potential to develop better therapeutic agents for ocular diseases and warrants further studies. Overall, this perspective review article provides significant information on the roles of T cells in numerous ocular and non-ocular neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa DeMaio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Room 713, Medical University of South Carolina, 167 Ashley Ave, SC, 29425, Charleston, USA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, 29425, Charleston, USA
| | - Kumar Sambamurti
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, 29425, Charleston, USA
| | - Shahid Husain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Room 713, Medical University of South Carolina, 167 Ashley Ave, SC, 29425, Charleston, USA.
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Dadyar M, Hussen BM, Eslami S, Taheri M, Emadi F, Ghafouri-Fard S, Sayad A. Expression of T cell-related lncRNAs in multiple sclerosis. Front Genet 2022; 13:967157. [PMID: 36092928 PMCID: PMC9461285 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.967157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). In order to appraise the role of T cell-related lncRNAs in this disorder, we assessed expressions of NEST, RMRP, TH2-LCR, MAFTRR and FLICR in MS patients and healthy individuals. We detected significant difference in the expression of RMRP and FLICR between cases and controls. There were substantial correlations between expressions of NEST, RMRP, TH2-LCR, MAFTRR and FLICR lncRNAs among patients, but not controls. The strongest correlations were found between RMRP and TH2-LCR, and between MAFTRR and RMRP with correlation coefficients of 0.69 and 0.59, respectively. ROC curve analysis revealed appropriate power of FLICR in differentiating between MS patients and healthy controls (AUC value = 0.84). Expression of NEST lncRNA was positively correlated with disease duration in MS patients, but negatively correlated with age at onset. In brief, we reported dysregulation of two T cell-related lncRNAs in MS patients and proposed FLICR as a putative marker for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dadyar
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
- Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Solat Eslami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Farhad Emadi
- Skull Base Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard, ; Arezou Sayad,
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard, ; Arezou Sayad,
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30
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Ahmad SF, Nadeem A, Ansari MA, Bakheet SA, Shahid M, Al-Mazroua HA, As Sobeai HM, Alasmari AF, Alanazi MM, Alhamed AS, Aldossari AA, Attia SM. CC chemokine receptor 5 antagonist alleviates inflammation by regulating IFN-γ/IL-10 and STAT4/Smad3 signaling in a mouse model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Cell Immunol 2022; 379:104580. [PMID: 35872534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immunopathological disease that causes demyelination and recurrent episodes of T cell-mediated immune attack in the central nervous system. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well-established mouse model of MS. The roles of T cells in MS/EAE have been well investigated, but little is known about the role of CCR5+ cells. In the present study, we investigated whether treatment with DAPTA, a selective CCR5 antagonist, could modulate the progression of EAE in the SJL/J mice. EAE mice were treated with DAPTA (0.01 mg/kg) intraperitoneally daily from day 14 to day 42, and the clinical scores were evaluated. We further investigated the effects of DAPTA on IFN-γ-, TGF-β-, IL-10-, IL-17A-, IL-22-, T-bet, STAT4-, RORγT-, AhR-, Smad3-, and Foxp3-expressing CCR5+ spleen cells using flow cytometry analysis. We further explored the effects of DAPTA on mRNA/protein expression of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-22, TGF-β, T-bet, STAT4, RORγT, AhR, Foxp3, and NF-H in the brain tissue. The severity of clinical scores decreased in DAPTA-treated EAE mice as compared to that in the EAE control mice. Moreover, the percentage of CCR5+IFN-γ+, CCR5+T-bet+, CCR5+STAT4+, CCR5+IL-17A+, CCR5+RORγt+, CCR5+IL-22+, and CCR5+AhR+ cells decreased while CCR5+TGF-β+, CCR5+IL-10+, CCR5+Smad3+, and CCR5+Foxp3+ increased in DAPTA-treated EAE mice. Furthermore, DAPTA treatment significantly mitigated the EAE-induced expression of T-bet, STAT4, IL-17A, RORγT, IL-22, and AhR but upregulated Foxp3, IL-10, and NF-H expression in the brain tissue. Taken together, our data demonstrated that DAPTA could ameliorate EAE progression through the downregulation of the inflammation-related cytokines and transcription factors signaling, which may be useful for the clinical therapy of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassar Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen A Al-Mazroua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Homood M As Sobeai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Alhamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Aldossari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Attia SM, Bakheet SA, Shahid M, Rehman MU, Alanazi MM, Alhamed AS, Ibrahim KE, Albekairi NA, Ahmad SF. CCR1 antagonist J-113863 corrects the imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in a SJL/J mouse model of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152245. [PMID: 35868215 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), an immune-mediated and neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), is characterized by infiltrating myelin-reactive T lymphocytes and demyelinating lesions. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well-established animal model used to study MS. To explore the impact of chemokine receptor CCR1 blockade in EAE and the underlying mechanisms, we used CCR1 antagonist J-113863 in PLP139-151-induced EAE in SJL/J mice. Following EAE induction, mice were treated with J-113863 (10 mg/kg) daily from day 14 until day 25. We investigated the effect of J-113863 on expression levels of GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-10, IL-27 in CD4+ spleen cells, using flow cytometry. We also analyzed the effect of J-113863 on GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-10, IL-27 mRNA and protein expression levels using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis in brain tissues. J-113863 treatment decreased the populations of CD4+GM-CSF+ and CD4+IL-6+ cells and increased CD4+IL-27+ and CD4+IL-10+ cells in the spleen. J-113863 had a suppressive effect on the mRNA and protein expression levels of GM-CSF, and IL-6 in the brain tissue. On the other hand, J-113863 treatment increased the mRNA and protein expression of IL-10 and IL-27 in the brain tissue. Our results highlighted J-113863's potential role in suppressing pro-inflammatory expression and up-regulating anti-inflammatory mediators, which could represent a beneficial alternative approach to MS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassar Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Alhamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Esmaeilzadeh E, Soleimani M, Kohrshid HRK. Protective effects of Herbal Compound (IM253) on the inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 67:104076. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ghorbani MM, Farazmandfar T, Abediankenari S, Hassannia H, Maleki Z, Shahbazi M. Treatment of EAE mice with Treg, G-MDSC and IL-2: a new insight into cell therapy for multiple sclerosis. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:789-798. [PMID: 35678041 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigates the therapeutic and protective effects of Tregs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and IL-2 on multiple sclerosis (MS) disease model. Materials & methods: C57BL/6 mice were immunized to develop an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. We then investigated effects of pre- and post-treatment EAE mice with Tregs, MDSCs and IL-2 on inflammation and demyelination in brain tissue, and on the number of Treg, granulocytic-MDSC and Th-17 cells in spleen. Results: Pre- and post-treatment of EAE mice by Tregs, MDSCs and IL-2 resulted in no weight change, reduced Th-17 cells and suppression of pathological properties. Conclusion: Pre- and post-treatment of immunized mice by Tregs, MDSCs and IL-2 prevent EAE induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ghorbani
- Medical Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Touraj Farazmandfar
- Medical Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Saeid Abediankenari
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hadi Hassannia
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Maleki
- Medical Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Majid Shahbazi
- Medical Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Gombash SE, Lee PW, Sawdai E, Lovett-Racke AE. Vitamin D as a Risk Factor for Multiple Sclerosis: Immunoregulatory or Neuroprotective? Front Neurol 2022; 13:796933. [PMID: 35651353 PMCID: PMC9149265 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.796933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency during childhood has been linked to the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), typically an adult-onset inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Since vitamin D was known to have immunoregulatory properties on both innate and adaptive immunity, it was hypothesized that low vitamin D resulted in aberrant immune responses and the development of MS. However, vitamin D receptors are present on many cell types, including neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia, and vitamin D has profound effects on development and function of the CNS. This leads to the possibility that low vitamin D may alter the CNS in a manner that makes it vulnerable to inflammation and the development of MS. This review analysis the role of vitamin D in the immune and nervous system, and how vitamin D insufficiency in children may contribute to the development of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Gombash
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Priscilla W Lee
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Elizabeth Sawdai
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amy E Lovett-Racke
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Perdaens O, van Pesch V. Molecular Mechanisms of Immunosenescene and Inflammaging: Relevance to the Immunopathogenesis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2022; 12:811518. [PMID: 35281989 PMCID: PMC8913495 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.811518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized, amongst other features, by a complex process of cellular senescence involving both innate and adaptive immunity, called immunosenescence and associated to inflammaging, a low-grade chronic inflammation. Both processes fuel each other and partially explain increasing incidence of cancers, infections, age-related autoimmunity, and vascular disease as well as a reduced response to vaccination. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a lifelong disease, for which considerable progress in disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and management has improved long-term survival. However, disability progression, increasing with age and disease duration, remains. Neurologists are now involved in caring for elderly MS patients, with increasing comorbidities. Aging of the immune system therefore has relevant implications for MS pathogenesis, response to DMTs and the risks mediated by these treatments. We propose to review current evidence regarding markers and molecular mechanisms of immunosenescence and their relevance to understanding MS pathogenesis. We will focus on age-related changes in the innate and adaptive immune system in MS and other auto-immune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. The consequences of these immune changes on MS pathology, in interaction with the intrinsic aging process of central nervous system resident cells will be discussed. Finally, the impact of immunosenescence on disease evolution and on the safety and efficacy of current DMTs will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Perdaens
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent van Pesch
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Vincent van Pesch
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Calahorra L, Camacho-Toledano C, Serrano-Regal MP, Ortega MC, Clemente D. Regulatory Cells in Multiple Sclerosis: From Blood to Brain. Biomedicines 2022; 10:335. [PMID: 35203544 PMCID: PMC8961785 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects myelin. The etiology of MS is unclear, although a variety of environmental and genetic factors are thought to increase the risk of developing the disease. Historically, T cells were considered to be the orchestrators of MS pathogenesis, but evidence has since accumulated implicating B lymphocytes and innate immune cells in the inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage associated with MS disease progression. However, more recently the importance of the protective role of immunoregulatory cells in MS has become increasingly evident, such as that of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T (Treg) and B (Breg) cells, or CD56bright natural killer cells. In this review, we will focus on how peripheral regulatory cells implicated in innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in the physiopathology of MS. Moreover, we will discuss how these cells are thought to act and contribute to MS histopathology, also addressing their promising role as promoters of successful remyelination within the CNS. Finally, we will analyze how understanding these protective mechanisms may be crucial in the search for potential therapies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Diego Clemente
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (L.C.); (C.C.-T.); (M.P.S.-R.); (M.C.O.)
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37
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Arjomandnejad M, Kopec AL, Keeler AM. CAR-T Regulatory (CAR-Treg) Cells: Engineering and Applications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:287. [PMID: 35203496 PMCID: PMC8869296 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells are critical for maintaining immune tolerance. Recent studies have confirmed their therapeutic suppressive potential to modulate immune responses in organ transplant and autoimmune diseases. However, the unknown and nonspecific antigen recognition of polyclonal Tregs has impaired their therapeutic potency in initial clinical findings. To address this limitation, antigen specificity can be conferred to Tregs by engineering the expression of transgenic T-cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). In contrast to TCR Tregs, CAR Tregs are major histocompatibility complex (MHC) independent and less dependent on interleukin-2 (IL-2). Furthermore, CAR Tregs maintain Treg phenotype and function, home to the target tissue and show enhanced suppressive efficacy compared to polyclonal Tregs. Additional development of engineered CAR Tregs is needed to increase Tregs' suppressive function and stability, prevent CAR Treg exhaustion, and assess their safety profile. Further understanding of Tregs therapeutic potential will be necessary before moving to broader clinical applications. Here, we summarize recent studies utilizing CAR Tregs in modulating immune responses in autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and gene therapy and future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Arjomandnejad
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; (M.A.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Acadia L. Kopec
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; (M.A.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Allison M. Keeler
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; (M.A.); (A.L.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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38
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Docampo MJ, Lutterotti A, Sospedra M, Martin R. Mechanistic and Biomarker Studies to Demonstrate Immune Tolerance in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:787498. [PMID: 35069562 PMCID: PMC8766750 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.787498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of specific immunological tolerance represents an important therapeutic goal for multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases. Sound knowledge of the target antigens, the underlying pathomechanisms of the disease and the presumed mechanisms of action of the respective tolerance-inducing approach are essential for successful translation. Furthermore, suitable tools and assays to evaluate the induction of immune tolerance are key aspects for the development of such treatments. However, investigation of the mechanisms of action underlying tolerance induction poses several challenges. The optimization of sensitive, robust methods which allow the assessment of low frequency autoreactive T cells and the long-term reduction or change of their responses, the detection of regulatory cell populations and their immune mediators, as well as the validation of specific biomarkers indicating reduction of inflammation and damage, are needed to develop tolerance-inducing approaches successfully to patients. This short review focuses on how to demonstrate mechanistic proof-of-concept in antigen-specific tolerance-inducing therapies in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roland Martin
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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39
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T lymphocytes as critical mediators in tissue regeneration, fibrosis, and the foreign body response. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:17-33. [PMID: 33905946 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Research on the foreign body response (FBR) to biomaterial implants has been focused on the roles that the innate immune system has on mediating tolerance or rejection of implants. However, the immune system also involves the adaptive immune response and it must be included in order to form a complete picture of the response to biomaterials and medical implants. In this review, we explore recent understanding about the roles of adaptive immune cells, specifically T cells, in modulating the immune response to biomaterial implants. The immune response to implants elicits a delicate balance between tissue repair and fibrosis that is mainly regulated by three types of T helper cell responses -T helper type 1, T helper type 2, and T helper type 17- and their crosstalk with innate immune cells. Interestingly, many T cell response mechanisms to implants overlap with the process of fibrosis or repair in different tissues. This review explores the fibrotic and regenerative T cell biology and draws parallels to T cell responses to biomaterials. Additionally, we also explore the biomedical engineering advancements in biomaterial applications in designing particle and scaffold systems to modulate T cell activity for therapeutics and devices. Not only do the deliberate engineering design of physical and chemical material properties and the direct genetic modulation of T cells not only offer insights to T cell biology, but they also present different platforms to develop immunomodulatory biomaterials. Thus, an in-depth understanding of T cells' roles can help to navigate the biomaterial-immune interactions and reconsider the long-lasting adaptive immune response to implants, which, in the end, contribute to the design of immunomodulatory medical implants that can advance the next generation of regenerative therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review article integrates knowledge of adaptive immune responses in tissue damage, wound healing, and medical device implantation. These three fields, often not discussed in conjunction, are important to consider when evaluating and designing biomaterials. Through incorporation of basic biological research alongside engineering research, we provide an important lens through which to evaluate adaptive immune contributions to regenerative medicine and medical device development.
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40
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Stojić-Vukanić Z, Pilipović I, Arsenović-Ranin N, Dimitrijević M, Leposavić G. Sex-specific remodeling of T-cell compartment with aging: Implications for rat susceptibility to central nervous system autoimmune diseases. Immunol Lett 2021; 239:42-59. [PMID: 34418487 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and susceptibility of animals to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most commonly used experimental model of MS, decrease with aging. Generally, autoimmune diseases develop as the ultimate outcome of an imbalance between damaging immune responses against self and regulatory immune responses (keeping the former under control). Thus, in this review the age-related changes possibly underlying this balance were discussed. Specifically, considering the central role of T cells in MS/EAE, the impact of aging on overall functional capacity (reflecting both overall count and individual functional cell properties) of self-reactive conventional T cells (Tcons) and FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), as the most potent immunoregulatory/suppressive cells, was analyzed, as well. The analysis encompasses three distinct compartments: thymus (the primary lymphoid organ responsible for the elimination of self-reactive T cells - negative selection and the generation of Tregs, compensating for imperfections of the negative selection), peripheral blood/lymphoid tissues ("afferent" compartment), and brain/spinal cord tissues ("target" compartment). Given that the incidence of MS and susceptibility of animals to EAE are greater in women/females than in age-matched men/males, sex as independent variable was also considered. In conclusion, with aging, sex-specific alterations in the balance of self-reactive Tcons/Tregs are likely to occur not only in the thymus/"afferent" compartment, but also in the "target" compartment, reflecting multifaceted changes in both T-cell types. Their in depth understanding is important not only for envisaging effects of aging, but also for designing interventions to slow-down aging without any adverse effect on incidence of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Stojić-Vukanić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Pilipović
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Arsenović-Ranin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Dimitrijević
- Department of Immunology, University of Belgrade - Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
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41
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B cell depletion changes the immune cell profile in multiple sclerosis patients: One-year report. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 359:577676. [PMID: 34364105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
B cell depletion therapy has been shown to be beneficial in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the mechanism by which B cell depletion mediates its beneficial effects in MS is still unclear. To better understand how B cell depletion may benefit patients with a disease previously thought to be primarily mediated by CD4 T cells, immune profiles were monitored in 48 patients in a phase II trial of ublituximab, a glycoengineered CD20 monoclonal antibody, at 18 time points over a year. As we previously described there was a significant shift in the percentages of T cells, NK cells, and myeloid cells following the initial dose of ublituximab, but this shift normalized within a week and these populations remained stable for the duration of the study. However, T cell subsets changed with an increase in the percentage of naïve CD4 and CD8 T cells and a decline in memory T cells. Importantly, the percentage of Th1 and CD4+GM-CSF+ T cells decreased, while the percentage of Tregs continued to increase over the year. Ublituximab not only depleted CD20+ B cells, but also CD20+ T cells. The favorable changes in the T cell subsets may contribute to the beneficial effects of B cell depletion therapy.
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42
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Baeten P, Van Zeebroeck L, Kleinewietfeld M, Hellings N, Broux B. Improving the Efficacy of Regulatory T Cell Therapy. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 62:363-381. [PMID: 34224053 PMCID: PMC8256646 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity is caused by an unbalanced immune system, giving rise to a variety of organ-specific to system disorders. Patients with autoimmune diseases are commonly treated with broad-acting immunomodulatory drugs, with the risk of severe side effects. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have the inherent capacity to induce peripheral tolerance as well as tissue regeneration and are therefore a prime candidate to use as cell therapy in patients with autoimmune disorders. (Pre)clinical studies using Treg therapy have already established safety and feasibility, and some show clinical benefits. However, Tregs are known to be functionally impaired in autoimmune diseases. Therefore, ex vivo manipulation to boost and stably maintain their suppressive function is necessary when considering autologous transplantation. Similar to autoimmunity, severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by an exaggerated immune reaction and altered Treg responses. In light of this, Treg-based therapies are currently under investigation to treat severe COVID-19. This review provides a detailed overview of the current progress and clinical challenges of Treg therapy for autoimmune and hyperinflammatory diseases, with a focus on recent successes of ex vivo Treg manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulien Baeten
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lauren Van Zeebroeck
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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43
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Multiple sclerosis patients have reduced resting and increased activated CD4 +CD25 +FOXP3 +T regulatory cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10476. [PMID: 34006899 PMCID: PMC8131694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting and activated subpopulations of CD4+CD25+CD127loT regulatory cells (Treg) and CD4+CD25+CD127+ effector T cells in MS patients and in healthy individuals were compared. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated using Ficoll Hypaque were stained with monoclonal antibodies and analysed by flow cytometer. CD45RA and Foxp3 expression within CD4+ cells and in CD4+CD25+CD127loT cells identified Population I; CD45RA+Foxp3+, Population II; CD45RA−Foxp3hi and Population III; CD45RA−Foxp3+ cells. Effector CD4+CD127+ T cells were subdivided into Population IV; memory /effector CD45RA− CD25−Foxp3− and Population V; effector naïve CD45RA+CD25−Foxp3−CCR7+ and terminally differentiated RA+ (TEMRA) effector memory cells. Chemokine receptor staining identified CXCR3+Th1-like Treg, CCR6+Th17-like Treg and CCR7+ resting Treg. Resting Treg (Population I) were reduced in MS patients, both in untreated and treated MS compared to healthy donors. Activated/memory Treg (Population II) were significantly increased in MS patients compared to healthy donors. Activated effector CD4+ (Population IV) were increased and the naïve/ TEMRA CD4+ (Population V) were decreased in MS compared to HD. Expression of CCR7 was mainly in Population I, whereas expression of CCR6 and CXCR3 was greatest in Populations II and intermediate in Population III. In MS, CCR6+Treg were lower in Population III. This study found MS is associated with significant shifts in CD4+T cells subpopulations. MS patients had lower resting CD4+CD25+CD45RA+CCR7+ Treg than healthy donors while activated CD4+CD25hiCD45RA−Foxp3hiTreg were increased in MS patients even before treatment. Some MS patients had reduced CCR6+Th17-like Treg, which may contribute to the activity of MS.
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44
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Thome AD, Atassi F, Wang J, Faridar A, Zhao W, Thonhoff JR, Beers DR, Lai EC, Appel SH. Ex vivo expansion of dysfunctional regulatory T lymphocytes restores suppressive function in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:41. [PMID: 33986285 PMCID: PMC8119976 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Chronic pro-inflammatory responses contribute to the loss of neurons in the neurodegenerative process. The present study was undertaken to define the peripheral innate and adaptive immune contributions to inflammation in patients with PD. Immunophenotyping revealed a shift of peripheral myeloid and lymphoid cells towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) were reduced in number, and their suppression of T responder proliferation decreased. The PD Tregs did not suppress activated pro-inflammatory myeloid cells. Ex vivo expansion of Tregs from patients with PD restored and enhanced their suppressive functions while expanded Tregs displayed increased expression of foxp3, il2ra (CD25), nt5e (CD73), il10, il13, ctla4, pdcd1 (PD1), and gzmb. Collectively, these findings documented a shift towards a pro-inflammatory peripheral immune response in patients with PD; the loss of Treg suppressive functions may contribute significantly to this response, supporting PD as a disorder with extensive systemic pro-inflammatory responses. The restoration and enhancement of Treg suppressive functions following ex vivo expansion may provide a potential cell therapeutic approach for patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D. Thome
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - Farah Atassi
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jinghong Wang
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - Alireza Faridar
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - Weihua Zhao
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jason R. Thonhoff
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - David R. Beers
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - Eugene C. Lai
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - Stanley H. Appel
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX USA
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45
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Mansilla MJ, Presas-Rodríguez S, Teniente-Serra A, González-Larreategui I, Quirant-Sánchez B, Fondelli F, Djedovic N, Iwaszkiewicz-Grześ D, Chwojnicki K, Miljković Đ, Trzonkowski P, Ramo-Tello C, Martínez-Cáceres EM. Paving the way towards an effective treatment for multiple sclerosis: advances in cell therapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1353-1374. [PMID: 33958746 PMCID: PMC8167140 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a leading cause of chronic neurological disability in young to middle-aged adults, affecting ~2.5 million people worldwide. Currently, most therapeutics for MS are systemic immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory drugs, but these drugs are unable to halt or reverse the disease and have the potential to cause serious adverse events. Hence, there is an urgent need for the development of next-generation treatments that, alone or in combination, stop the undesired autoimmune response and contribute to the restoration of homeostasis. This review analyzes current MS treatments as well as different cell-based therapies that have been proposed to restore homeostasis in MS patients (tolerogenic dendritic cells, regulatory T cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and vaccination with T cells). Data collected from preclinical studies performed in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS in animals, in vitro cultures of cells from MS patients and the initial results of phase I/II clinical trials are analyzed to better understand which parameters are relevant for obtaining an efficient cell-based therapy for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Mansilla
- Division of Immunology, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - S Presas-Rodríguez
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Teniente-Serra
- Division of Immunology, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - I González-Larreategui
- Division of Immunology, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - B Quirant-Sánchez
- Division of Immunology, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - F Fondelli
- Division of Immunology, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N Djedovic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Iwaszkiewicz-Grześ
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Poltreg S.A., Gdańsk, Poland
| | - K Chwojnicki
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Đ Miljković
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Poltreg S.A., Gdańsk, Poland
| | - C Ramo-Tello
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - E M Martínez-Cáceres
- Division of Immunology, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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46
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Haase S, Linker RA. Inflammation in multiple sclerosis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2021; 14:17562864211007687. [PMID: 33948118 PMCID: PMC8053832 DOI: 10.1177/17562864211007687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterised pathologically by demyelination, gliosis, neuro-axonal damage and inflammation. Despite intense research, the underlying pathomechanisms driving inflammatory demyelination in MS still remain incompletely understood. It is thought to be caused by an autoimmune response towards CNS self-antigens in genetically susceptible individuals, assuming autoreactive T cells as disease-initiating immune cells. Yet, B cells were recognized as crucial immune cells in disease pathology, including antibody-dependent and independent effects. Moreover, myeloid cells are important contributors to MS pathology, and it is becoming increasingly evident that different cell types act in concert during MS immunopathology. This is supported by the finding that the beneficial effects of actual existing disease-modifying therapies cannot be attributed to one single immune cell-type, but rather involve immunological cooperation. The current strategy of MS therapies thus aims to shift the immune cell repertoire from a pro-inflammatory towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype, involving regulatory T and B cells and anti-inflammatory macrophages. Although no existing therapy actually exists that directly induces an enhanced regulatory immune cell pool, numerous studies identified potential net effects on these cell types. This review gives a conceptual overview on T cells, B cells and myeloid cells in the immunopathology of relapsing-remitting MS and discusses potential contributions of actual disease-modifying therapies on these immune cell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Haase
- Neuroimmunologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinik Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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47
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Leyva-Hernández J, Rodríguez-Ortiz U, Arce-Sillas A, Álvarez-Luquín DD, Pérez-Correa CA, Vivas-Almazán AV, Gómez-Hollsten SM, Montes-Moratilla EU, Torres-Velasco ME, Rodríguez-Violante M, Adalid-Peralta LV. Pro- and anti-inflammatory response in neurological disorders associated to anti-glutamate decarboxylase antibodies. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 355:577550. [PMID: 33799062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rare conditions showing psychiatric symptoms and movement disorders have been linked with the presence of anti-glutamate decarboxylase antibodies. Proinflammatory and antiinflammatory immune responses were assessed in patients with neurological disorders associated to anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (NDGAD). Immunoregulatory and proinflammatory cell populations were quantified by flow cytometry. No polarization toward Th1, Th2, or Th17 phenotypes was observed in NDGAD patients. Immunoregulatory responses were significantly reduced for Breg, activated Treg, Tr1, and Th3 cells, suggesting a deficient regulatory response, while intermediate monocyte levels were increased. The reduced levels of regulatory T and B cells suggest an impairment in regulatory immune response, while intermediate monocytes could be playing a role in the increased proinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaquelin Leyva-Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, México City, 14269, México; Unit for the Study of Neuroinflamation in Neurological Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, and Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", México City 14269, México
| | - Ulises Rodríguez-Ortiz
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, México City, 14269, México
| | - Asiel Arce-Sillas
- Unit for the Study of Neuroinflamation in Neurological Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, and Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", México City 14269, México
| | - Diana Denisse Álvarez-Luquín
- Unit for the Study of Neuroinflamation in Neurological Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, and Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", México City 14269, México
| | - Citzielli Aseret Pérez-Correa
- Unit for the Study of Neuroinflamation in Neurological Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, and Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", México City 14269, México
| | - Alma Viridiana Vivas-Almazán
- Unit for the Study of Neuroinflamation in Neurological Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, and Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", México City 14269, México
| | - Signe María Gómez-Hollsten
- Unit for the Study of Neuroinflamation in Neurological Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, and Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", México City 14269, México
| | - Esteban Uriel Montes-Moratilla
- Unit for the Study of Neuroinflamation in Neurological Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, and Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", México City 14269, México
| | - Martin Eduardo Torres-Velasco
- Unit for the Study of Neuroinflamation in Neurological Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, and Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", México City 14269, México
| | - Mayela Rodríguez-Violante
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, México City, 14269, México
| | - Laura Virginia Adalid-Peralta
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, México City, 14269, México; Unit for the Study of Neuroinflamation in Neurological Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, and Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", México City 14269, México.
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Huard A, Do HN, Frank AC, Sirait-Fischer E, Fuhrmann D, Hofmann MCJ, Raue R, Palmer G, Brüne B, de Bruin N, Weigert A. IL-38 Ablation Reduces Local Inflammation and Disease Severity in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1058-1066. [PMID: 33504620 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
IL-38 is an IL-1 family receptor antagonist that restricts IL-17-driven inflammation by limiting cytokine production from macrophages and T cells. In the current study, we aimed to explore its role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice, which is, among others, driven by IL-17. Unexpectedly, IL-38-deficient mice showed strongly reduced clinical scores and histological markers of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. This was accompanied by reduced inflammatory cell infiltrates, including macrophages and T cells, as well as reduced expression of inflammatory markers in the spinal cord. IL-38 was highly expressed by infiltrating macrophages in the spinal cord, and in vitro activated IL-38-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages showed reduced expression of inflammatory markers, accompanied by altered cellular metabolism. These data suggest an alternative cell-intrinsic role of IL-38 to promote inflammation in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Huard
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hoai Nam Do
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Frank
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Evelyn Sirait-Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominik Fuhrmann
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Rebecca Raue
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gaby Palmer
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; and.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Natasja de Bruin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany;
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Administration of CD4 +CD25 highCD127 -FoxP3 + Regulatory T Cells for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Phase 1 Study. BioDrugs 2021; 35:47-60. [PMID: 33400237 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-020-00462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease in which autoimmune T conventional (Tconv) cells break the blood-brain barrier and destroy neurons of the central nervous system. It is hypothesized that CD4+CD25highCD127-FoxP3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells may inhibit this destruction through suppressive activity exerted on Tconv cells. METHODS We present the results of a phase 1b/2a, open-label, two-arm clinical trial in 14 patients treated with autologous Treg cells for relapsing-remitting MS. The patients received either expanded ex vivo Treg cells intravenously (intravenous [IV] group, n = 11; dose 40 × 106 Treg cells/kg of body weight) or freshly isolated Treg cells intrathecally (intrathecal [IT] group, n = 3; dose 1.0 × 106 Treg cells). Importantly, patients were not treated with any other disease-modifying drugs for at least 6 months before the recruitment and during the follow-up. RESULTS No severe adverse events were observed. Self-assessed quality of life (EuroQol-5 Dimensions [EQ-5D] form) did not change and did not differ significantly between the groups. A total of 12 relapses were noted in five intravenously treated patients, who had from one to three attacks per year. Three out of ten participants who completed the trial in the IV group deteriorated more than 1 point on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) during the follow-up. At the same time, no patients in the IT group experienced a relapse or such a deterioration in the EDSS. No significant differences were found in the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) scale in both the IV and IT groups. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans revealed a significantly lower change in the T2 lesion volume in the IT group compared to the IV group. The increase in the number of new T2 lesions during the follow-up was significant for the IV group only. There were no significant changes in the level of Treg cells or Tconv cells in the peripheral blood throughout the follow-up or between the groups. Interestingly, Treg cells in all patients consisted of two different phenotypes: peripheral Treg cells Helios(-) (≈ 20%) and thymic Treg cells Helios(+) (≈ 80%). The analysis of the cytokine pattern revealed higher levels of transforming growth factor-α and proinflammatory factors MCP3, CXCL8, and IL-1RA in the IT group compared with the IV group. CONCLUSIONS No serious adverse events were reported in the 14 patients with MS treated with Treg cells in this study. The results suggest that IT administration is more promising than IV administration. Because of the low number of patients recruited, the statistical results may be underpowered and further studies are necessary to reach conclusions on efficacy and safety. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT: 2014-004320-22; registered 18 November 2014.
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Primaquine elicits Foxp3+ regulatory T cells with a superior ability to limit CNS autoimmune inflammation. J Autoimmun 2020; 114:102505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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