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Mazinani M, Rahbarizadeh F. New cell sources for CAR-based immunotherapy. Biomark Res 2023; 11:49. [PMID: 37147740 PMCID: PMC10163725 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, in which a patient's own T lymphocytes are engineered to recognize and kill cancer cells, has achieved striking success in some hematological malignancies in preclinical and clinical trials, resulting in six FDA-approved CAR-T products currently available in the market. Despite impressive clinical outcomes, concerns about treatment failure associated with low efficacy or high cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells remain. While the main focus has been on improving CAR-T cells, exploring alternative cellular sources for CAR generation has garnered growing interest. In the current review, we comprehensively evaluated other cell sources rather than conventional T cells for CAR generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Mazinani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran.
- Research and Development Center of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Anderson VE, Brilha SS, Weber AM, Pachnio A, Wiedermann GE, Dauleh S, Ahmed T, Pope GR, Quinn LL, Docta RY, Quattrini A, Masters S, Cartwright N, Viswanathan P, Melchiori L, Rice LV, Sevko A, Gueguen C, Saini M, Tavano B, Abbott RJ, Silk JD, Laugel B, Sanderson JP, Gerry AB. Enhancing Efficacy of TCR-engineered CD4 + T Cells Via Coexpression of CD8α. J Immunother 2023; 46:132-144. [PMID: 36826388 PMCID: PMC10072215 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with T cells expressing affinity-enhanced T-cell receptors (TCRs) is a promising treatment for solid tumors. Efforts are ongoing to further engineer these T cells to increase the depth and durability of clinical responses and broaden efficacy toward additional indications. In the present study, we investigated one such approach: T cells were transduced with a lentiviral vector to coexpress an affinity-enhanced HLA class I-restricted TCR directed against MAGE-A4 alongside a CD8α coreceptor. We hypothesized that this approach would enhance CD4 + T-cell helper and effector functions, possibly leading to a more potent antitumor response. Activation of transduced CD4 + T cells was measured by detecting CD40 ligand expression on the surface and cytokine and chemokine secretion from CD4 + T cells and dendritic cells cultured with melanoma-associated antigen A4 + tumor cells. In addition, T-cell cytotoxic activity against 3-dimensional tumor spheroids was measured. Our data demonstrated that CD4 + T cells coexpressing the TCR and CD8α coreceptor displayed enhanced responses, including CD40 ligand expression, interferon-gamma secretion, and cytotoxic activity, along with improved dendritic cell activation. Therefore, our study supports the addition of the CD8α coreceptor to HLA class I-restricted TCR-engineered T cells to enhance CD4 + T-cell functions, which may potentially improve the depth and durability of antitumor responses in patients.
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3
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Dianat-Moghadam H, Sharifi M, Salehi R, Keshavarz M, Shahgolzari M, Amoozgar Z. Engaging stemness improves cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2023; 554:216007. [PMID: 36396102 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intra-tumoral immune cells promote the stemness of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). CSCs promote tumor progression, relapse, and resistance to immunotherapy. Cancer stemness induces the expression of neoantigens and neo-properties in CSCs, creating an opportunity for targeted immunotherapies. Isolation of stem-like T cells or retaining stemness in T clonotypes strategies produces exhaustion-resistance T cells with superior re-expansion capacity and long-lasting responses after adoptive cell therapies. Stem cells-derived NK cells may be the next generation of NK cell products for immunotherapy. Here, we have reviewed mechanisms by which stemness factors modulated the immunoediting of the TME and summarized the potentials of CSCs in the development of immunotherapy regimens, including CAR-T cells, CAR-NK cells, cancer vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies. We have discussed the natural or genetically engineered stem-like T cells and stem cell-derived NK cells with increased cytotoxicity to tumor cells. Finally, we have provided a perspective on approaches that may improve the therapeutic efficacy of these novel adoptive cell-based products in targeting immunosuppressive TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Dianat-Moghadam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Keshavarz
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Dental Implants Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Amoozgar
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Guo R, Li W, Li Y, Li Y, Jiang Z, Song Y. Generation and clinical potential of functional T lymphocytes from gene-edited pluripotent stem cells. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:27. [PMID: 35568954 PMCID: PMC9107657 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered T cells have been shown to be highly effective in cancer immunotherapy, although T cell exhaustion presents a challenge for their long-term function. Additional T-cell sources must be exploited to broaden the application of engineered T cells for immune defense and reconstitution. Unlimited sources of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have provided a potential opportunity to generate precise-engineered therapeutic induced T (iT) cells. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of PSC-derived induced hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (iHSPC)/iT identified the developmental pathways and possibilities of generating functional T cell from PSCs. To date, the PSC-to-iT platforms encounter several problems, including low efficiency of conventional T subset specification, limited functional potential, and restrictions on large-scale application, because of the absence of a thymus-like organized microenvironment. The updated PSC-to-iT platforms, such as the three-dimensional (3D) artificial thymic organoid (ATO) co-culture system and Runx1/Hoxa9-enforced iT lymphopoiesis, provide fresh perspectives for coordinating culture conditions and transcription factors, which may greatly improve the efficiency of T-cell generation greatly. In addition, the improved PSC-to-iT platform coordinating gene editing technologies will provide various functional engineered unconventional or conventional T cells. Furthermore, the clinical applications of PSC-derived immune cells are accelerating from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqun Guo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yadan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Henan Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yingmei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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5
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Rath JA, Bajwa G, Carreres B, Hoyer E, Gruber I, Martínez-Paniagua MA, Yu YR, Nouraee N, Sadeghi F, Wu M, Wang T, Hebeisen M, Rufer N, Varadarajan N, Ho PC, Brenner MK, Gfeller D, Arber C. Single-cell transcriptomics identifies multiple pathways underlying antitumor function of TCR- and CD8αβ-engineered human CD4 + T cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz7809. [PMID: 32923584 PMCID: PMC7455496 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz7809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic coexpression of a class I-restricted tumor antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR) and CD8αβ (TCR8) redirects antigen specificity of CD4+ T cells. Reinforcement of biophysical properties and early TCR signaling explain how redirected CD4+ T cells recognize target cells, but the transcriptional basis for their acquired antitumor function remains elusive. We, therefore, interrogated redirected human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by single-cell RNA sequencing and characterized them experimentally in bulk and single-cell assays and a mouse xenograft model. TCR8 expression enhanced CD8+ T cell function and preserved less differentiated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after tumor challenge. TCR8+CD4+ T cells were most potent by activating multiple transcriptional programs associated with enhanced antitumor function. We found sustained activation of cytotoxicity, costimulation, oxidative phosphorylation- and proliferation-related genes, and simultaneously reduced differentiation and exhaustion. Our study identifies molecular features of TCR8 expression that can guide the development of enhanced immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A. Rath
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gagan Bajwa
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benoit Carreres
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Hoyer
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isabelle Gruber
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Yi-Ru Yu
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nazila Nouraee
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mengfen Wu
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Hebeisen
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Rufer
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Navin Varadarajan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Malcolm K. Brenner
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Gfeller
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Arber
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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6
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Goodall KJ, Nguyen A, McKenzie C, Eckle SBG, Sullivan LC, Andrews DM. The murine CD94/NKG2 ligand, Qa-1 b, is a high-affinity, functional ligand for the CD8αα homodimer. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3239-3246. [PMID: 31992596 PMCID: PMC7062157 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune co-receptor CD8 molecule (CD8) has two subunits, CD8α and CD8β, which can assemble into homo or heterodimers. Nonclassical (class-Ib) major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (MHC-Ibs) have recently been identified as ligands for the CD8αα homodimer. This was demonstrated by the observation that histocompatibility 2, Q region locus 10 (H2-Q10) is a high-affinity ligand for CD8αα which also binds the MHC-Ib molecule H2-TL. This suggests that MHC-Ib proteins may be an extended source of CD8αα ligands. Expression of H2-T3/TL and H2-Q10 is restricted to the small intestine and liver, respectively, yet CD8αα-containing lymphocytes are present more broadly. Therefore, here we sought to determine whether murine CD8αα binds only to tissue-specific MHC-Ib molecules or also to ubiquitously expressed MHC-Ib molecules. Using recombinant proteins and surface plasmon resonance-based binding assays, we show that the MHC-Ib family furnishes multiple binding partners for murine CD8αα, including H2-T22 and the CD94/NKG2-A/B-activating NK receptor (NKG2) ligand Qa-1b We also demonstrate a hierarchy among MHC-Ib proteins with respect to CD8αα binding, in which Qa-1b > H2-Q10 > TL. Finally, we provide evidence that Qa-1b is a functional ligand for CD8αα, distinguishing it from its human homologue MHC class I antigen E (HLA-E). These findings provide additional clues as to how CD8αα-expressing cells are controlled in different tissues. They also highlight an unexpected immunological divergence of Qa-1b/HLA-E function, indicating the need for more robust studies of murine MHC-Ib proteins as models for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Jennifer Goodall
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
| | - Angela Nguyen
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Craig McKenzie
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Sidonia Barbara Guiomar Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Lucy Catherine Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Daniel Mark Andrews
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
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7
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Guo R, Wu H, Du J, Wang J. T cell regeneration: an update on progress and challenges. BLOOD SCIENCE 2020; 2:22-26. [PMID: 35399866 PMCID: PMC8975091 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells play essential roles in antitumor therapy. Via gene engineering technique to enhance tumor-antigen specificity, patient peripheral blood-derived T cells (PBT) show encouraging clinical outcomes in treating certain blood malignancies. However, the high costs, functionality exhaustion, and disease-condition-dependent availability of PBT prompt the attempts of exploring alternative T cell sources. Theoretically, induced T cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSC) are ideal candidates that integrate plenty of advantages that primary T cells lack, including unlimited off-the-shelf cell source and precision gene editing feasibility. However, researchers are still struggling with developing a straightforward protocol to induce functional and immunocompetent human T cells from PSC. Based on stromal cell-expressing or biomaterial-presenting Notch ligands DLL1 or DLL4, natural and induced blood progenitors can differentiate further toward T lineage commitment. However, none of the reported T induction protocols has yet translated into any clinical application, signaling the existence of numerous technical barriers for regenerating T cells functionally matching their natural PBT counterparts. Alternatively, new approaches have been developed to repopulate induced T lymphopoiesis via in vivo reprogramming or transplanting induced T cell precursors. Here, we review the most recent progress in the T cell regeneration field, and the remaining challenges dragging their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqun Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health-Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongling Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health-Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health-Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health-Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Rabiger FV, Bismarck D, Protschka M, Köhler G, Moore PF, Büttner M, von Buttlar H, Alber G, Eschke M. Canine tissue-associated CD4+CD8α+ double-positive T cells are an activated T cell subpopulation with heterogeneous functional potential. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213597. [PMID: 30865691 PMCID: PMC6415905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine CD4+CD8α+ double-positive (dp) T cells of peripheral blood are a unique effector memory T cell subpopulation characterized by an increased expression of activation markers in comparison with conventional CD4+ or CD8α+ single-positive (sp) T cells. In this study, we investigated CD4+CD8α+ dp T cells in secondary lymphatic organs (i.e. mesenteric and tracheobronchial lymph nodes, spleen, Peyer’s patches) and non-lymphatic tissues (i.e. lung and epithelium of the small intestine) within a homogeneous group of healthy Beagle dogs by multi-color flow cytometry. The aim of this systematic analysis was to identify the tissue-specific localization and characteristics of this distinct T cell subpopulation. Our results revealed a mature extrathymic CD1a-CD4+CD8α+ dp T cell population in all analyzed organs, with highest frequencies within Peyer’s patches. Constitutive expression of the activation marker CD25 is a feature of many CD4+CD8α+ dp T cells independent of their localization and points to an effector phenotype. A proportion of lymph node CD4+CD8α+ dp T cells is FoxP3+ indicating regulatory potential. Within the intestinal environment, the cytotoxic marker granzyme B is expressed by CD4+CD8α+ dp intraepithelial lymphocytes. In addition, a fraction of CD4+CD8α+ dp intraepithelial lymphocytes and of mesenteric lymph node CD4+CD8α+ dp T cells is TCRγδ+. However, the main T cell receptor of all tissue-associated CD4+CD8α+ dp T cells could be identified as TCRαβ. Interestingly, the majority of the CD4+CD8α+ dp T cell subpopulation expresses the unconventional CD8αα homodimer, in contrast to CD8α+ sp T cells, and CD4+CD8α+ dp thymocytes which are mainly CD8αβ+. The presented data provide the basis for a functional analysis of tissue-specific CD4+CD8α+ dp T cells to elucidate their role in health and disease of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike V. Rabiger
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Doris Bismarck
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martina Protschka
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Peter F. Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Mathias Büttner
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heiner von Buttlar
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gottfried Alber
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Eschke
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Vizcardo R, Klemen ND, Islam SMR, Gurusamy D, Tamaoki N, Yamada D, Koseki H, Kidder BL, Yu Z, Jia L, Henning AN, Good ML, Bosch-Marce M, Maeda T, Liu C, Abdullaev Z, Pack S, Palmer DC, Stroncek DF, Ito F, Flomerfelt FA, Kruhlak MJ, Restifo NP. Generation of Tumor Antigen-Specific iPSC-Derived Thymic Emigrants Using a 3D Thymic Culture System. Cell Rep 2018; 22:3175-3190. [PMID: 29562175 PMCID: PMC5930030 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived T cells may provide future therapies for cancer patients, but those generated by current methods, such as the OP9/DLL1 system, have shown abnormalities that pose major barriers for clinical translation. Our data indicate that these iPSC-derived CD8 single-positive T cells are more like CD4+CD8+ double-positive T cells than mature naive T cells because they display phenotypic markers of developmental arrest and an innate-like phenotype after stimulation. We developed a 3D thymic culture system to avoid these aberrant developmental fates, generating a homogeneous subset of CD8αβ+ antigen-specific T cells, designated iPSC-derived thymic emigrants (iTEs). iTEs exhibit phenotypic and functional similarities to naive T cells both in vitro and in vivo, including the capacity for expansion, memory formation, and tumor suppression. These data illustrate the limitations of current methods and provide a tool to develop the next generation of iPSC-based antigen-specific immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Vizcardo
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Nicholas D Klemen
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - S M Rafiqul Islam
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Devikala Gurusamy
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naritaka Tamaoki
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Benjamin L Kidder
- Department of Oncology and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zhiya Yu
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Li Jia
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amanda N Henning
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meghan L Good
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marta Bosch-Marce
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Takuya Maeda
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zied Abdullaev
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Svetlana Pack
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Douglas C Palmer
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David F Stroncek
- Department of Transfusion Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fumito Ito
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Francis A Flomerfelt
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, NIH Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael J Kruhlak
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas P Restifo
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cell-Based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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10
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TCR-based therapy for multiple myeloma and other B-cell malignancies targeting intracellular transcription factor BOB1. Blood 2017; 129:1284-1295. [PMID: 28053195 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-737536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy for hematological malignancies or solid tumors by administration of monoclonal antibodies or T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors or T-cell receptors (TCRs) has demonstrated clinical efficacy. However, antigen-loss tumor escape variants and the absence of currently targeted antigens on several malignancies hamper the widespread application of immunotherapy. We have isolated a TCR targeting a peptide of the intracellular B cell-specific transcription factor BOB1 presented in the context of HLA-B*07:02. TCR gene transfer installed BOB1 specificity and reactivity onto recipient T cells. TCR-transduced T cells efficiently lysed primary B-cell leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma in vitro. We also observed recognition and lysis of healthy BOB1-expressing B cells. In addition, strong BOB1-specific proliferation could be demonstrated for TCR-modified T cells upon antigen encounter. Furthermore, clear in vivo antitumor reactivity was observed of BOB1-specific TCR-engineered T cells in a xenograft mouse model of established multiple myeloma. Absence of reactivity toward a broad panel of BOB1- but HLA-B*07:02+ nonhematopoietic and hematopoietic cells indicated no off-target toxicity. Therefore, administration of BOB1-specific TCR-engineered T cells may provide novel cellular treatment options to patients with B-cell malignancies, including multiple myeloma.
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11
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Qiu Y, Peng K, Liu M, Xiao W, Yang H. CD8αα TCRαβ Intraepithelial Lymphocytes in the Mouse Gut. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:1451-60. [PMID: 26769056 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-4016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The epithelium of the mouse small intestine harbors an abundant CD8αα(+)TCRαβ(+) intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) population. This unique IEL subset is a self-reactive population that requires exposure to self-agonists for selection in the thymus, similarly to other regulatory T cell populations. After leaving the thymus, these cells directly seed the intestinal epithelium, which provides a unique combination of cellular interactions together with cytokines, nutrients, and antigens that guide the lineage-specific differentiation and function of these IELs. For instance, epithelial cells and nearby immune cells secrete a number of cytokines, including interleukin-15 (IL-15), IL-7, and transforming growth factor-β, resulting in an assortment of cellular responses, including activation of master transcription factors, cell proliferation, and cytokine secretion. Recent advances have also highlighted the importance of diet-derived substances and commensal metabolites, such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands and vitamin D, in controlling the survival and gene expression of CD8αα(+)TCRαβ(+) IELs. Furthermore, these cells function in the epithelium and require constant communication between cells in the form of cell-to-cell contacts. These interactions tune the antigen sensitivity of the TCR and maintain the quiescence of the CD8αα(+)TCRαβ(+) IELs. Finally, we discuss how these cells might contribute to tolerance and immunopathological responses in the gut. Therefore, an increased understanding of CD8αα(+)TCRαβ(+) IELs in the gut will help us understand how these cells participate in immune regulation and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Minqiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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12
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von Buttlar H, Bismarck D, Alber G. Peripheral canine CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive T cells - unique amongst others. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 168:169-75. [PMID: 26460086 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes co-expressing CD4 and CD8 ("double-positive T cells") are commonly associated with a thymic developmental stage of T cells. Their first description in humans and pigs as extrathymic T cells with a memory phenotype almost 30 years ago came as a surprise. Meanwhile peripheral double-positive T cells have been described in a growing number of different species. In this review we highlight novel data from our very recent studies on canine peripheral double-positive T cells which point to unique features of double-positive T cells in the dog. In contrast to porcine CD4(+)CD8(+) T cells forming a homogenous cellular population based on their expression of CD4 and CD8α, canine CD4(+)CD8(+) T cells can be divided into three different cellular subsets with distinct expression levels of CD4 and CD8α. Double-positive T cells expressing CD8β are present in humans and dogs but absent in swine. Moreover, canine CD4(+)CD8(+) T cells can not only develop from CD4(+) single-positive T cells but also from CD8(+) single-positive T cells. Together, this places canine CD4(+)CD8(+) T cells closer to their human than porcine counterparts since human double-positive T cells also appear to be heterogeneous in their CD4 and CD8α expression and have both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells as progenitor cells. However, CD4(+) single-positive T cells are the more potent progenitors for canine double-positive T cells, whereas CD8(+) single-positive T cells are more potent progenitors for human double-positive T cells. Canine double-positive T cells have an activated phenotype and may have as yet unrecognized roles in vivo in immunity to infection or in inflammatory diseases such as chronic infection, autoimmunity, allergy, or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiner von Buttlar
- Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Doris Bismarck
- Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Gottfried Alber
- Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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13
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Ghorashian S, Veliça P, Chua I, McNicol AM, Carpenter B, Holler A, Nicholson E, Ahmadi M, Zech M, Xue SA, Uckert W, Morris E, Chakraverty R, Stauss HJ. CD8 T cell tolerance to a tumor-associated self-antigen is reversed by CD4 T cells engineered to express the same T cell receptor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:1080-9. [PMID: 25539815 PMCID: PMC4298128 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ag receptors used for cancer immunotherapy are often directed against tumor-associated Ags also expressed in normal tissues. Targeting of such Ags can result in unwanted autoimmune attack of normal tissues or induction of tolerance in therapeutic T cells. We used a murine model to study the phenotype and function of T cells redirected against the murine double minute protein 2 (MDM2), a tumor-associated Ag that shows low expression in many normal tissues. Transfer of MDM2-TCR–engineered T cells into bone marrow chimeric mice revealed that Ag recognition in hematopoietic tissues maintained T cell function, whereas presentation of MDM2 in nonhematopoietic tissues caused reduced effector function. TCR-engineered CD8+ T cells underwent rapid turnover, downmodulated CD8 expression, and lost cytotoxic function. We found that MDM2-TCR–engineered CD4+ T cells provided help and restored cytotoxic function of CD8+ T cells bearing the same TCR. Although the introduction of the CD8 coreceptor enhanced the ability of CD4+ T cells to recognize MDM2 in vitro, the improved self-antigen recognition abolished their ability to provide helper function in vivo. The data indicate that the same class I–restricted TCR responsible for Ag recognition and tolerance induction in CD8+ T cells can, in the absence of the CD8 coreceptor, elicit CD4 T cell help and partially reverse tolerance. Thus MHC class I–restricted CD4+ T cells may enhance the efficacy of therapeutic TCR-engineered CD8+ T cells and can be readily generated with the same TCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ghorashian
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; Transplantation Immunology Group, Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer Studies, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Pedro Veliça
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; Transplantation Immunology Group, Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer Studies, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Ignatius Chua
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie McNicol
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Carpenter
- Transplantation Immunology Group, Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer Studies, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Angelika Holler
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Nicholson
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Ahmadi
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Zech
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Shao-An Xue
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Uckert
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emma Morris
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Ronjon Chakraverty
- Transplantation Immunology Group, Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer Studies, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Hans J Stauss
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom;
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14
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Abstract
CD8αβ plays crucial roles in the thymic selection, differentiation, and activation of some, but not all, CD8(+) T cells, whereas CD8αα does not. To investigate these roles, we produced mice that expressed transgene P14 T-cell receptor β (TCRβ) chain and CD8β or did not (WT and KO mice, respectively). The primary CD8(+) T-cell response to acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection was predominantly D(b)/GP33 specific and CD8 independent in KO mice and was mostly CD8 dependent in WT mice. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from KO mice failed to mobilize intracellular Ca(2+) and to kill via perforin/granzyme. Their strong Fas/FasL-mediated cytotoxicity and IFN-γ response were signaled via a Ca(2+)-independent, PI3K-dependent pathway. This was also true for 15-20% of CD8-independent CTL found in WT mice. Conversely, the perforin/granzyme-mediated killing and IFN-γ response of CD8-dependent CTL were signaled via a Ca(2+), p56(lck), and nuclear factor of activated T cells-dependent pathway. Deep sequencing of millions of TCRα chain transcripts revealed that the TCR repertoires of preimmune CD8(+) T cells were highly diverse, but those of LCMV D(b)/GP33-specific CTL, especially from KO mice, were narrow. The immune repertoires exhibited biased use of Vα segments that encoded different complementary-determining region 1α (CDR1α) and CDR2α sequences. We suggest that TCR from WT CD8-independent T cells may engage MHC-peptide complexes in a manner unfavorable for efficient CD8 engagement and Ca(2+) signaling but permissive for Ca(2+)-independent, PI3K-dependent signaling. This duality of the CD8 compartment may provide organisms with broader protective immunity.
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15
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Walker LJ, Marrinan E, Muenchhoff M, Ferguson J, Kloverpris H, Cheroutre H, Barnes E, Goulder P, Klenerman P. CD8αα Expression Marks Terminally Differentiated Human CD8+ T Cells Expanded in Chronic Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2013; 4:223. [PMID: 23964274 PMCID: PMC3734367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The T cell co-receptor CD8αβ enhances T cell sensitivity to antigen, however studies indicate CD8αα has the converse effect and acts as a co-repressor. Using a combination of Thymic Leukemia (TL) antigen tetramer, which directly binds CD8αα, anti-CD161, and anti-Vα7.2 antibodies we have been able for the first time to clearly define CD8αα expression on human CD8 T cells subsets. In healthy controls CD8αα is most highly expressed by CD161 "bright" (CD161++) mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, with CD8αα expression highly restricted to the TCR Vα7.2+ cells of this subset. We also identified CD8αα-expressing populations within the CD161 "mid" (CD161+) and "negative" (CD161-) non-MAIT CD8 T cell subsets and show TL-tetramer binding to correlate with expression of CD8β at low levels in the context of maintained CD8α expression (CD8α+CD8β(low)). In addition, we found CD161-CD8α+CD8β(low) populations to be significantly expanded in the peripheral blood of HIV-1 and hepatitis B (mean of 47 and 40% of CD161- T cells respectively) infected individuals. Such CD8αα expressing T cells are an effector-memory population (CD45RA-, CCR7-, CD62L-) that express markers of activation and maturation (HLA-DR+, CD28-, CD27-, CD57+) and are functionally distinct, expressing greater levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ on stimulation and perforin at rest than their CD8α+CD8β(high) counterparts. Antigen-specific T cells in HLA-B(∗)4201+HIV-1 infected patients are found within both the CD161-CD8α+CD8β(high) and CD161-CD8α+CD8β(low) populations. Overall we have clearly defined CD8αα expressing human T cell subsets using the TL-tetramer, and have demonstrated CD161-CD8α+CD8β(low) populations, highly expanded in disease settings, to co-express CD8αβ and CD8αα. Co-expression of CD8αα on CD8αβ T cells may impact on their overall function in vivo and contribute to the distinctive phenotype of highly differentiated populations in HBV and HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. J. Walker
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - E. Marrinan
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Muenchhoff
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J. Ferguson
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - H. Kloverpris
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, K-RITH, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, UKZN, Durban, South Africa
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H. Cheroutre
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - E. Barnes
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - P. Goulder
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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16
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van Loenen MM, Hagedoorn RS, de Boer R, Falkenburg JHF, Heemskerk MHM. Extracellular domains of CD8α and CD8ß subunits are sufficient for HLA class I restricted helper functions of TCR-engineered CD4(+) T cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65212. [PMID: 23738014 PMCID: PMC3667802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
By gene transfer of HLA-class I restricted T-cell receptors (TCRs) (HLA-I-TCR) into CD8+ as well as CD4+ T-cells, both effector T-cells as well as helper T-cells can be generated. Since most HLA-I-TCRs function best in the presence of the CD8 co-receptor, the CD8αß molecule has to be co-transferred into the CD4+ T-cells to engineer optimal helper T-cells. In this study, we set out to determine the minimal part of CD8αβ needed for optimal co-receptor function in HLA-I-TCR transduced CD4+ T-cells. For this purpose, we transduced human peripheral blood derived CD4+ T-cells with several HLA-class I restricted TCRs either with or without co-transfer of different CD8 subunits. We demonstrate that the co-transduced CD8αβ co-receptor in HLA-I-TCR transduced CD4+ T-cells behaves as an adhesion molecule, since for optimal antigen-specific HLA class I restricted CD4+ T-cell reactivity the extracellular domains of the CD8α and ß subunits are sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen M van Loenen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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17
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Thakral D, Coman MM, Bandyopadhyay A, Martin S, Riley JL, Kavathas PB. The human CD8β M-4 isoform dominant in effector memory T cells has distinct cytoplasmic motifs that confer unique properties. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59374. [PMID: 23533620 PMCID: PMC3606432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD8 co-receptor influences T cell recognition and responses in both anti-tumor and anti-viral immunity. During evolution in the ancestor of humans and chimpanzees, the CD8B gene acquired two additional exons. As a result, in humans, there are four CD8β splice variants (M1 to M4) that differ in their cytoplasmic tails. The M-1 isoform which is the equivalent of murine CD8β, is predominantly expressed in naïve T cells, whereas, the M-4 isoform is predominantly expressed in effector memory T cells. The characteristics of the M-4 isoform conferred by its unique 36 amino acid cytoplasmic tail are not known. In this study, we identified a dihydrophobic leucine-based receptor internalization motif in the cytoplasmic tail of M-4 that regulated its cell surface expression and downregulation after activation. Further the M-4 cytoplasmic tail was able to associate with ubiquitinated targets in 293T cells and mutations in the amino acids NPW, a potential EH domain binding site, either enhanced or inhibited the interaction. In addition, the M-4 tail was itself mono-ubiquitinated on a lysine residue in both 293T cells and a human T cell line. When peripheral blood human T cells expressed CD8αβ M-4, the frequency of MIP-1β secreting cells responding to antigen presenting cells was two-fold higher as compared to CD8αβ M-1 expressing T cells. Thus, the cytoplasmic tail of the CD8β M-4 isoform has unique characteristics, which likely contributed to its selective expression and function in human effector memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshi Thakral
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Maria M. Coman
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Arunima Bandyopadhyay
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sunil Martin
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James L. Riley
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Paula B. Kavathas
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Moysey RK, Li Y, Paston SJ, Baston EE, Sami MS, Cameron BJ, Gavarret J, Todorov P, Vuidepot A, Dunn SM, Pumphrey NJ, Adams KJ, Yuan F, Dennis RE, Sutton DH, Johnson AD, Brewer JE, Ashfield R, Lissin NM, Jakobsen BK. High affinity soluble ILT2 receptor: a potent inhibitor of CD8(+) T cell activation. Protein Cell 2011; 1:1118-27. [PMID: 21213105 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-010-0144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using directed mutagenesis and phage display on a soluble fragment of the human immunoglobulin super-family receptor ILT2 (synonyms: LIR1, MIR7, CD85j), we have selected a range of mutants with binding affinities enhanced by up to 168,000-fold towards the conserved region of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Produced in a dimeric form, either by chemical cross-linking with bivalent polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives or as a genetic fusion with human IgG Fc-fragment, the mutants exhibited a further increase in ligand-binding strength due to the avidity effect, with resident half-times (t(1/2)) on the surface of MHC I-positive cells of many hours. The novel compounds antagonized the interaction of CD8 co-receptor with MHC I in vitro without affecting the peptide-specific binding of T-cell receptors (TCRs). In both cytokine-release assays and cell-killing experiments the engineered receptors inhibited the activation of CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the presence of their target cells, with subnanomolar potency and in a dose-dependent manner. As a selective inhibitor of CD8(+) CTL responses, the engineered high affinity ILT2 receptor presents a new tool for studying the activation mechanism of different subsets of CTLs and could have potential for the development of novel autoimmunity therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth K Moysey
- Immunocore Limited, 57c Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RX, UK
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19
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Wang R, Natarajan K, Margulies DH. Structural basis of the CD8 alpha beta/MHC class I interaction: focused recognition orients CD8 beta to a T cell proximal position. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2009; 183:2554-64. [PMID: 19625641 PMCID: PMC2782705 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the immune system, B cells, dendritic cells, NK cells, and T lymphocytes all respond to signals received via ligand binding to receptors and coreceptors. Although the specificity of T cell recognition is determined by the interaction of T cell receptors with MHC/peptide complexes, the development of T cells in the thymus and their sensitivity to Ag are also dependent on coreceptor molecules CD8 (for MHC class I (MHCI)) and CD4 (for MHCII). The CD8alphabeta heterodimer is a potent coreceptor for T cell activation, but efforts to understand its function fully have been hampered by ignorance of the structural details of its interactions with MHCI. In this study we describe the structure of CD8alphabeta in complex with the murine MHCI molecule H-2D(d) at 2.6 A resolution. The focus of the CD8alphabeta interaction is the acidic loop (residues 222-228) of the alpha3 domain of H-2D(d). The beta subunit occupies a T cell membrane proximal position, defining the relative positions of the CD8alpha and CD8beta subunits. Unlike the CD8alphaalpha homodimer, CD8alphabeta does not contact the MHCI alpha(2)- or beta(2)-microglobulin domains. Movements of the CD8alpha CDR2 and CD8beta CDR1 and CDR2 loops as well as the flexibility of the H-2D(d) CD loop facilitate the monovalent interaction. The structure resolves inconclusive data on the topology of the CD8alphabeta/MHCI interaction, indicates that CD8beta is crucial in orienting the CD8alphabeta heterodimer, provides a framework for understanding the mechanistic role of CD8alphabeta in lymphoid cell signaling, and offers a tangible context for design of structurally altered coreceptors for tumor and viral immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892
| | - Kannan Natarajan
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892,Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Kannan Natarajan, or Dr. David H. Margulies, Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 11N311; 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892. and
| | - David H. Margulies
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892,Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Kannan Natarajan, or Dr. David H. Margulies, Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 11N311; 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892. and
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20
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Collins EJ, Riddle DS. TCR-MHC docking orientation: natural selection, or thymic selection? Immunol Res 2009; 41:267-94. [PMID: 18726714 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-008-8040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T cell receptors (TCR) dock on their peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) targets in a conserved orientation. Since amino acid sidechains are the foundation of specific protein-protein interactions, a simple explanation for the conserved docking orientation is that key amino acids encoded by the TCR and MHC genes have been selected and maintained through evolution in order to preserve TCR/pMHC binding. Expectations that follow from the hypothesis that TCR and MHC evolved to interact are discussed in light of the data that both support and refute them. Finally, an alternative and equally simple explanation for the driving force behind the conserved docking orientation is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 804 Mary Ellen Jones Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27510, USA.
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21
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Angelov GS, Guillaume P, Luescher IF. CD8β knockout mice mount normal anti-viral CD8+ T cell responses—but why? Int Immunol 2008; 21:123-35. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxn130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Shore DA, Issafras H, Landais E, Teyton L, Wilson IA. The crystal structure of CD8 in complex with YTS156.7.7 Fab and interaction with other CD8 antibodies define the binding mode of CD8 alphabeta to MHC class I. J Mol Biol 2008; 384:1190-202. [PMID: 18929574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The CD8alphabeta heterodimer interacts with class I pMHC on antigen-presenting cells as a co-receptor for TCR-mediated activation of cytotoxic T cells. To characterize this immunologically important interaction, we used monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to either CD8alpha or CD8beta to probe the mechanism of CD8alphabeta binding to pMHCI. The YTS156.7 mAb inhibits this interaction and blocks T cell activation. To elucidate the molecular basis for this inhibition, the crystal structure of the CD8alphabeta immunoglobulin-like ectodomains were determined in complex with mAb YTS156.7 Fab at 2.7 A resolution. The YTS156.7 epitope on CD8beta was identified and implies that residues in the CDR1 and CDR2-equivalent loops of CD8beta are occluded upon binding to class I pMHC. To further characterize the pMHCI/CD8alphabeta interaction, binding of class I tetramers to CD8alphabeta on the surface of T cells was assessed in the presence of anti-CD8 mAbs. In contrast to YTS156.7, mAb YTS105.18, which is specific for CD8alpha, does not inhibit binding of CD8alphabeta to class I tetramers, indicating the YTS105.18 epitope is not occluded in the pMHCI/CD8alphabeta complex. Together, these data indicate a model for the pMHCI/CD8alphabeta interaction similar to that observed for CD8alphaalpha in the CD8alphaalpha/pMHCI complex, but in which CD8alpha occupies the lower orientation (membrane proximal to the antigen presenting cell), and CD8beta occupies the upper position (membrane distal). The implication of this molecular assembly for the function of CD8alphabeta in T cell activation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Shore
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Abstract
"The beginning of wisdom is found in doubting; by doubting we come to question, and by seeking we may come upon the truth." -Pierre Abélard. CD8 is a glycoprotein expressed on hematopoietic cells. Two isoforms of CD8, CD8alphabeta and CD8alphaalpha, have been identified that are distinct in their expression and function. Whereas CD8alphabeta serves as a T cell receptor (TCR) coreceptor to enhance the functional avidity and is constitutively expressed on MHC class I-restricted T cells, CD8alphaalpha marks T cells that are distinct from the conventional thymus-selected and MHC-restricted CD4(+) or CD8alphabeta(+) T cells. Inconsistent with a coreceptor function, CD8alphaalpha decreases antigen sensitivity of the TCR, and it can be transiently or permanently expressed on T cells, regardless of the MHC restriction of the TCR or the presence of conventional coreceptors. Together, these observations indicate that CD8alphaalpha on T cells marks a differentiation stage and that it likely functions as a TCR corepressor to negatively regulate T cell activation.
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Xue SA, Bendle GM, Holler A, Stauss HJ. Generation and characterization of transgenic mice expressing a T-cell receptor specific for the tumour-associated antigen MDM2. Immunology 2008; 124:315-21. [PMID: 18217949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02793.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell-based antigen-specific immunotherapy targeting tumour-associated antigens offers the potential for cancer immunotherapy. However, the majority of identified tumour-associated antigens are also expressed at low levels in normal tissues and mechanisms of tolerance induction are likely to affect the quality of T-cell responses to such antigens. In this study a T-cell receptor transgenic model was developed to determine the magnitude of T-cell tolerance to the tumour-associated antigen murine double minute-2 (MDM2), a widely expressed protein that is found at elevated levels in many tumours. The analysis of transgenic mice showed that thymic deletion was responsible for purging large numbers of MDM2-specific T cells from the repertoire. However, some T cells with specificity for MDM2 were able to escape thymic deletion and persisted in the peripheral T-cell pool. Functional analysis revealed that these T cells displayed defects in antigen-driven expansion. This functional impairment of the MDM2-specific T cells was maintained following adoptive transfer of the T cells into hosts that were unable to present the T-cell-receptor-recognized antigen. This study demonstrates that thymic deletion and the functional impairment of T cells present in the periphery both operate to establish T-cell tolerance to the tumour-associated antigen MDM2. Furthermore, the tolerant phenotype was stable and did not require continuous MDM2 peptide presentation in normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-An Xue
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Pathology, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Thomas S, Xue SA, Cesco-Gaspere M, San José E, Hart DP, Wong V, Debets R, Alarcon B, Morris E, Stauss HJ. Targeting the Wilms Tumor Antigen 1 by TCR Gene Transfer: TCR Variants Improve Tetramer Binding but Not the Function of Gene Modified Human T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:5803-10. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.9.5803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Stauss HJ, Cesco-Gaspere M, Thomas S, Hart DP, Xue SA, Holler A, Wright G, Perro M, Little AM, Pospori C, King J, Morris EC. Monoclonal T-cell receptors: new reagents for cancer therapy. Mol Ther 2007; 15:1744-50. [PMID: 17637721 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T lymphocytes is an effective form of immunotherapy for persistent virus infections and cancer. A major limitation of adoptive therapy is the inability to isolate antigen-specific T lymphocytes reproducibly. The demonstration that cloned T-cell receptor (TCR) genes can be used to produce T lymphocyte populations of desired specificity offers new opportunities for antigen-specific T-cell therapy. TCR gene-modified lymphocytes display antigen-specific function in vitro, and were shown to protect against virus infection and tumor growth in animal models. A recent trial in humans demonstrated that TCR gene-modified T cells persisted in all and reduced melanoma burden in 2/15 patients. In future trials, it may be possible to use TCR gene transfer to equip helper and cytotoxic T cells with new antigen-specificity, allowing both T-cell subsets to cooperate in achieving improved clinical responses. Sequence modifications of TCR genes are being explored to enhance TCR surface expression, while minimizing the risk of pairing between introduced and endogenous TCR chains. Current T-cell transduction protocols that trigger T-cell differentiation need to be modified to generate "undifferentiated" T cells, which, upon adoptive transfer, display improved in vivo expansion and survival. Both, expression of only the introduced TCR chains and the production of naïve T cells may be possible in the future by TCR gene transfer into stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans J Stauss
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, University College London, Hampstead Campus, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
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