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Xiao Z, Mohamood AS, Uddin S, Gutfreund R, Nakata C, Marshall A, Kimura H, Caturegli P, Womer KL, Huang Y, Jie C, Chakravarti S, Schneck JP, Yagita H, Hamad ARA. Inhibition of Fas ligand in NOD mice unmasks a protective role for IL-10 against insulitis development. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:725-32. [PMID: 21718680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing β cells by autoreactive T cells early in life. Despite daily insulin injections, patients typically develop cardiovascular and other complications; and intensive efforts are being directed toward identifying therapeutic targets to prevent the disease without directly impinging on the host defense. Fas ligand (FasL) is one potential target. Fas-FasL interactions primarily regulate T-cell homeostasis, not activation. Nevertheless, spontaneous gene mutation of Fas (called lpr mutation) or FasL (called the gld mutation) prevents autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, the widely used model for T1D. Furthermore, although homozygous gld mutations cause age-dependent lymphoproliferation, limiting the gld mutation to one allele (NOD-gld/+) or treating NOD-wild-type mice with FasL-neutralizing monoclonal antibody completely prevents the disease development without causing lymphoproliferation or immune suppression. Herein, we show that the heterozygous gld mutation inhibits the accumulation of diabetogenic T cells in the pancreas, without interfering with their proliferation and expansion in the draining pancreatic lymph nodes. Pancreata from NOD-gld/+ mice contained B cells that expressed CD5 and produced IL-10, which was critical for maintenance of the disease resistance because its neutralization with an IL-10 receptor-blocking monoclonal antibody allowed accumulation of CD4 T cells in the pancreas and led to insulitis development. The results provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of T1D that could have important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoxiang Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Racine J, Wang M, Zhang C, Lin CL, Liu H, Todorov I, Atkinson M, Zeng D. Induction of mixed chimerism with MHC-mismatched but not matched bone marrow transplants results in thymic deletion of host-type autoreactive T-cells in NOD mice. Diabetes 2011; 60:555-64. [PMID: 21270266 PMCID: PMC3028355 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Induction of mixed or complete chimerism via hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) from nonautoimmune donors could prevent or reverse type 1 diabetes (T1D). In clinical settings, HLA-matched HCT is preferred to facilitate engraftment and reduce the risk for graft versus host disease (GVHD). Yet autoimmune T1D susceptibility is associated with certain HLA types. Therefore, we tested whether induction of mixed chimerism with major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched donors could reverse autoimmunity in the NOD mouse model of T1D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Prediabetic wild-type or transgenic BDC2.5 NOD mice were conditioned with a radiation-free GVHD preventative anti-CD3/CD8 conditioning regimen and transplanted with bone marrow (BM) from MHC-matched or mismatched donors to induce mixed or complete chimerism. T1D development and thymic deletion of host-type autoreactive T-cells in the chimeric recipients were evaluated. RESULTS Induction of mixed chimerism with MHC-matched nonautoimmune donor BM transplants did not prevent T1D in wild-type NOD mice, although induction of complete chimerism did prevent the disease. However, induction of either mixed or complete chimerism with MHC-mismatched BM transplants prevented T1D in such mice. Furthermore, induction of mixed chimerism in transgenic BDC2.5-NOD mice with MHC-matched or -mismatched MHC II(-/-) BM transplants failed to induce thymic deletion of de novo developed host-type autoreactive T-cells, whereas induction of mixed chimerism with mismatched BM transplants did. CONCLUSIONS Induction of mixed chimerism with MHC-mismatched, but not matched, donor BM transplants re-establishes thymic deletion of host-type autoreactive T-cells and prevents T1D, with donor antigen-presenting cell expression of mismatched MHC II molecules being required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Racine
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California
- Department of Diabetes Research, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Diabetes Research, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Diabetes Research, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Chia-Lei Lin
- Department of Diabetes Research, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department of Diabetes Research, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Ivan Todorov
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California
- Department of Diabetes Research, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Mark Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Defu Zeng
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California
- Department of Diabetes Research, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
- Corresponding author: Defu Zeng,
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Lin M, Stoica-Nazarov C, Surls J, Kehl M, Bona C, Olsen C, Brumeanu TD, Casares S. Reversal of type 1 diabetes by a new MHC II-peptide chimera: “Single-epitope-mediated suppression” to stabilize a polyclonal autoimmune T-cell process. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:2277-88. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.200940094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rigby MR. The role of the physician-scientist in bridging basic and clinical research in type 1 diabetes. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2010; 17:131-42. [PMID: 20160647 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e32833759d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In a relatively short time, advances in both basic science and clinical medicine have revolutionized the way we understand disease processes and suggested novel approaches that may be able to be used to treat or cure some of the most relevant human afflictions. In type 1 diabetes, one unintended consequence of this has been the polarization of the investigational groups (i.e., immunologists and endocrinologists) interested in developing novel therapies for this condition. This review will examine how and why such polarization exists, and why past and current approaches to develop critically needed translational investigators may be falling short. RECENT FINDINGS Despite significant efforts to increase the number of individuals trained in both basic science and clinical medicine, the number of academic physician-scientists is on the decline. Increased demands from academic institutions coupled with severe difficulty in securing extramural funding are probably playing important roles in this concerning trend. SUMMARY Type 1 diabetes will continue to be a significant strain on individuals, their families and society until a cure is found. More than ever, there is a critical need to support appropriately trained translational investigators who can best facilitate bringing the promise of basic research to clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Rigby
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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Radbruch A, Isaacs J. Animal models in infection and inflammation - chance and necessity. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:1991-3. [PMID: 19672889 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In biomedical research, to understand pathogenesis and test innovative therapeutic strategies, animal models of human disease are a bare necessity. We cannot do without them, but could we do better with them? In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology a series of Viewpoints discusses the pros and cons of currently available animal models that address the clinical challenges of immunology in infection and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Radbruch
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.
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