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Bai XF, Cui YM, Cao J, Xu LW. Atropisomers with Axial and Point Chirality: Synthesis and Applications. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2545-2561. [PMID: 36083117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Enantiopure atropisomers have become increasingly important in asymmetric synthesis and catalysis, pharmaceutical science, and material science since the discovery of inherent features of axial chirality originating from rotational restriction. Despite the advances made in this field to date, it remains highly desirable to construct structurally diverse atropisomers with potentially useful functions. We propose superposition to match axial and point chirality as a potentially useful strategy to access structurally complex and diverse building blocks for organic synthesis and pharmaceutical science because merging atropisomeric backbones with one or more extra chiral elements can topologically broaden three-dimensional environments to create complex scaffolds with multiple tunable parameters. Over the past decade, we have successfully implemented a strategic design for the superposition of axial and point chirality to develop a series of enantiopure atropisomers and have utilized the synergistic functions of these molecules to enhance chirality transfer in various catalytic asymmetric transformations.In this Account, we present several novel atropisomers with superposed axial and point chirality developed in our laboratory. In our studies, this superposition strategy was used to design and synthesize both biaryl and non-biaryl atropisomers from commercially available chiral sources. Consequently, these atropisomers were used to demonstrate the importance of the synergetic functions of axial and point chirality in specific enantioselective reactions. For example, aromatic amide-derived atropisomers, simplified as Xing-Phos arrays, were broadly employed in Ag-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition by a series of reactions of aldiminoesters with activated alkenes and imines, as well as being used as chiral solvating agents for the discrimination of optically active mandelic acid derivatives. Considering the powerful potential of non-biaryl atropisomers for asymmetric catalysis, we also explored the transition-metal-catalyzed enantioselective construction of a novel backbone of non-biaryl atropisomers (Ar-alkene, Ar-N axis) bearing both axial and point chirality for the design and synthesis of chiral ligands and functional molecules.The studies presented herein are expected to stimulate further research efforts on the development of functional atropisomers by superposition of matching axial and point chirality. In addition to tunable electron and stereohindrance effects, the synergy between matching chiral elements of axial/point chirality and functional groups is proven to be a special function that cannot be ignored for promoting reactivity and chirality-transfer efficiency in enantioselective synthesis. Consequently, our novel types of scaffolds with superposed axial and point chirality that are capable of versatile coordination with various metal catalysts in asymmetric catalysis highlight the power of the superposition of matching axial and point chirality for the construction of synthetically useful atropisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Feng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Cui
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Jian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
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Chen HC, Wu Y, Yu Y, Wang P. Pd-Catalyzed Isomerization of Alkenes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202109045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dai C, Zhao X, Song C, Schwartz Z, Rainier JD. Biphenyl Cyclobutenone Photoelectrocyclizations. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15164-15176. [PMID: 34586823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate that readily available conjugated bis-aryl cyclobutenones undergo photoelectrocyclization reactions to give the corresponding dihydrophenanthrene cyclobutanones when exposed to 350 nm light, TFA, and TMSCl. We have also found that cyclobutenone electrocyclizations and cycloreversions are in equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhang Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South, 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Xuchen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South, 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Changqing Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South, 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Zach Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South, 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jon D Rainier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South, 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Hosseini R, Ranjbar‐Karimi R, Mohammadiannejad K. Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation of Olefins Using a Novel N,N‐Bidentate TRAM‐Based Ligand: Application in Synthesis of Functionalized Triarylmethanes[]**. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan Rafsanjan 77176, Islamic Republic of Iran Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar‐Karimi
- Department of Chemistry Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan Rafsanjan 77176, Islamic Republic of Iran Iran
| | - Kazem Mohammadiannejad
- NMR Laboratory Faculty of Science Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan Rafsanjan 77176, Islamic Republic of Iran Iran
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Yoshimura R, Shibata Y, Yamada T, Tanaka K. Aerobic Oxidative Olefination of Benzamides with Styrenes Catalyzed by a Moderately Electron-Deficient CpRh(III) Complex with a Pendant Amide. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2501-2511. [PMID: 30663878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been established that a newly developed moderately electron-deficient cyclopentadienyl (Cp)-Rh(III) complex, bearing ester and pendant amide moieties on the Cp ring [CpARh(III)], is able to catalyze the aerobic oxidative olefination of benzamides, bearing nonspecial carbamoyl groups, with styrenes including disubstituted ones at relatively low temperature (60-80 °C). The presence of both the ester and pendant acidic N-phenylcarbamoyl moieties on the CpA ligand play important roles in facilitation of the catalysis without sacrificing thermal stability of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yoshimura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Yu Shibata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
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Huang JB, Bai XF, Li L, Zheng ZJ, Xu Z, Cui YM, Cao J, Xu LW. Transition-Metal-Free Oxidative C(sp 2 )-H Hydroxylation of Terpyridines: A HOMO-Raising Strategy for the Construction of a New Super-Stable Terpyridine Chromophores. Chemistry 2017; 23:4055-4059. [PMID: 28181312 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Direct functionalization of terpyridines is an increasingly important topic in the field of dyes and catalysis as well as supramolecular chemistry, but its synthesis and transformation is usually challenging. Herein, a HOMO-raising strategy is reported for the construction of a super-stable novel terpyridine chromophores, in which the selective oxidation of terpyridines at its 3-position was determined successfully to the synthesis of phenol-functionalization of terpyridines (TPyOHs) bearing a hydrogen bonding group. The corresponding TPyOHs displayed strong aggregation-induced emission and exhibited highly selective and visual detection of ZnII cation with a record green terpyridine-based luminophore with nanomolar sensitivity (125 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Bo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Feng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Jiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Cui
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, P. R. China
| | - Jian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, P. R. China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China
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Manvar A, Fleming P, O'Shea DF. General Ambient Temperature Benzylic Metalations Using Mixed-Metal Li/K-TMP Amide. J Org Chem 2015; 80:8727-38. [PMID: 26280940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Highly regioselective benzylic metalations in hydrocarbon solvent have been achieved at rt and 0 °C using a mixed-metal Li/K-TMP amide comprised of KOtBu, BuLi, and 2,2,6,6,-tetramethylpiperidine (TMP(H)). Mixing of KOtBu, BuLi, and TMP(H) in heptane gave a solution of the base mixture which when used in deuterium labeling experiments confirmed the requirement of the three reagent components for both reactivity and selectivity. The reaction protocol is operationally straightforward and found to be applicable to a broad range of substrates. Upon generation of the metalated products, they are reacted in heptane at ambient temperature in a variety of synthetically useful ways. Illustrated examples include generation of the benzyltrimethylsilanes and α,α-bis(trimethylsilyl)toluenes reagents, which are bench-stable surrogates of benzyl anions and α-silyl carbanions utilized for nucleophilic addition and Peterson olefination reactions. Direct C-C couplings mediated by 1,2-dibromoethane provided entries into bibenzyls and [2.2]metacyclophanes. Comparison of reaction outcomes with the same reactions carried out in THF at -78 °C showed no negative effects for conducting the reactions under these milder more user-friendly conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Manvar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Patricia Fleming
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Donal F O'Shea
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin 2, Ireland.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Bai XF, Song T, Xu Z, Xia CG, Huang WS, Xu LW. Aromatic Amide-Derived Non-Biaryl Atropisomers as Highly Efficient Ligands in Silver-Catalyzed Asymmetric Cycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bai XF, Song T, Xu Z, Xia CG, Huang WS, Xu LW. Aromatic Amide-Derived Non-Biaryl Atropisomers as Highly Efficient Ligands in Silver-Catalyzed Asymmetric Cycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5255-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bai XF, Deng WH, Xu Z, Li FW, Deng Y, Xia CG, Xu LW. Silicon-Based Bulky Group-Induced Remote Control and Conformational Preference in the Synthesis and Application of Isolable Atropisomeric Amides with Secondary Alcohol or Amine Moieties. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:1108-15. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wang H, Yang KF, Li L, Bai Y, Zheng ZJ, Zhang WQ, Gao ZW, Xu LW. Modulation of Silver-Titania Nanoparticles on Polymethylhydrosiloxane-based Semi-Interpenetrating Networks for Catalytic Alkynylation of Trifluoromethyl Ketones and Aromatic Aldehydes in Water. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lu X, Li L, Yang W, Jiang K, Yang KF, Zheng ZJ, Xu LW. Catalytic Synthesis of Functional Silicon-Stereogenic Silanes throughCandida antarcticaLipase B Catalyzed Remote Desymmetrization of Silicon-Centered Diols. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wang D, Denux D, Ruiz J, Astruc D. The Clicked Pyridyl-Triazole Ligand: From Homogeneous to Robust, Recyclable Heterogeneous Mono- and Polymetallic Palladium Catalysts for Efficient Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira, and Heck Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bai XF, Xu LW, Zheng LS, Jiang JX, Lai GQ, Shang JY. Aromatic-Amide-Derived Olefins as a Springboard: Isomerization-Initiated Palladium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Olefins and Reductive Decarbonylation of Acyl Chlorides with Hydrosilane. Chemistry 2012; 18:8174-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wan JP, Wang C, Zhou R, Liu Y. Sustainable H2O/ethyl lactate system for ligand-free Suzuki–Miyaura reaction. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21632a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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