1
|
Singh NK, Mathuriya AS, Mehrotra S, Pandit S, Singh A, Jadhav D. Advances in bioelectrochemical systems for bio-products recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:3853-3876. [PMID: 37491760 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2234676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) have emerged as a sustainable and highly promising technology that has garnered significant attention from researchers worldwide. These systems provide an efficient platform for the removal and recovery of valuable products from wastewater, with minimal or no net energy loss. Among the various types of BES, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a notable example, utilizing microbial biocatalytic activities to generate electrical energy through the degradation of organic matter. Other BES variants include microbial desalination cells (MDCs), microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), microbial electrosynthesis cells (MXCs), microbial solar cells (MSCs), and more. BESs have demonstrated remarkable potential in the recovery of diverse products such as hydrogen, methane, volatile fatty acids, precious nutrients, and metals. Recent advancements in scaling up BESs have facilitated a more realistic assessment of their net energy recovery and resource yield in real-world applications. This comprehensive review focuses on the practical applications of BESs, from laboratory-scale developments to their potential for industrial commercialization. Specifically, it highlights successful examples of value-added product recovery achieved through various BES configurations. Additionally, this review critically evaluates the limitations of BESs and provides suggestions to enhance their performance at a larger scale, enabling effective implementation in real-world scenarios. By providing a thorough analysis of the current state of BES technology, this review aims to emphasize the tremendous potential of these systems for sustainable wastewater treatment and resource recovery. It underscores the significance of bridging the gap between laboratory-scale achievements and industrial implementation, paving the way for a more sustainable and resource-efficient future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar Singh
- Bio-POSITIVE, Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Abhilasha Singh Mathuriya
- Bio-POSITIVE, Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, New Delhi, India
| | - Smriti Mehrotra
- Bio-POSITIVE, Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Soumya Pandit
- Bio-POSITIVE, Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Anoop Singh
- Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Jadhav
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kelly AR, Glover DJ. Information Transmission through Biotic-Abiotic Interfaces to Restore or Enhance Human Function. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3605-3628. [PMID: 38729914 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in reliable information transfer across biotic-abiotic interfaces have enabled the restoration of lost human function. For example, communication between neuronal cells and electrical devices restores the ability to walk to a tetraplegic patient and vision to patients blinded by retinal disease. These impactful medical achievements are aided by tailored biotic-abiotic interfaces that maximize information transfer fidelity by considering the physical properties of the underlying biological and synthetic components. This Review develops a modular framework to define and describe the engineering of biotic and abiotic components as well as the design of interfaces to facilitate biotic-abiotic information transfer using light or electricity. Delineating the properties of the biotic, interface, and abiotic components that enable communication can serve as a guide for future research in this highly interdisciplinary field. Application of synthetic biology to engineer light-sensitive proteins has facilitated the control of neural signaling and the restoration of rudimentary vision after retinal blindness. Electrophysiological methodologies that use brain-computer interfaces and stimulating implants to bypass spinal column injuries have led to the rehabilitation of limb movement and walking ability. Cellular interfacing methodologies and on-chip learning capability have been made possible by organic transistors that mimic the information processing capacity of neurons. The collaboration of molecular biologists, material scientists, and electrical engineers in the emerging field of biotic-abiotic interfacing will lead to the development of prosthetics capable of responding to thought and experiencing touch sensation via direct integration into the human nervous system. Further interdisciplinary research will improve electrical and optical interfacing technologies for the restoration of vision, offering greater visual acuity and potentially color vision in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Kelly
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dominic J Glover
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang X, Zhao Y, Jin L, Liu B. Performance and mechanism of a bioelectrochemical system for reduction of heavy metal cadmium ions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5390-5399. [PMID: 38348294 PMCID: PMC10859695 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07771c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the removal of Cd(ii) from wastewater using a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) to investigate the electrochemical performance and removal kinetics of an anodic polarity reversal biocathode and the mechanism of action of electrochemically active bacteria. Comparative electrochemical methods showed that using an anodic polarity reversal biocathode resulted in greater than 90% removal of different concentrations of Cd(ii) within three days, which may be related to the catalytic effect of anodic electrochemically active bacteria. However, due to the ability of bacteria to regulate, up to nearly 2 mg L-1 of Cd(ii) ions will remain in solution. As shown by the linear fitting relationship between scanning speed and peak current, the removal process was dominated by adsorption control for 20-80 mg L-1 Cd(ii) and diffusion control for 100 mg L-1 Cd(ii). The analysis of raw sludge and sludge containing Cd(ii) showed that Arcobacter and Pseudomonas were the primary cadmium-tolerant bacteria, and that the ability to remove Cd(ii) was the result of a synergistic collaboration between autotrophic and heterotrophic Gram-negative bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- XiaXia Wang
- Institute of Clean Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Clean Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Li'E Jin
- Institute of Clean Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Clean Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kunwar S, Pandey N, Bhatnagar P, Chadha G, Rawat N, Joshi NC, Tomar MS, Eyvaz M, Gururani P. A concise review on wastewater treatment through microbial fuel cell: sustainable and holistic approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:6723-6737. [PMID: 38158529 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Research for alternative sources for producing renewable energy is rising exponentially, and consequently, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can be seen as a promising approach for sustainable energy production and wastewater purification. In recent years, MFC is widely utilized for wastewater treatment in which the removal efficiency of heavy metal ranges from 75-95%. They are considered as green and sustainable technology that contributes to environmental safety by reducing the demand for fossil fuels, diminishes carbon emissions, and reverses the trend of global warming. Moreover, significant reduction potential can be seen for other parameters such as total carbon oxygen demand (TCOD), soluble carbon oxygen demand (SCOD), total suspended solids (TSS), and total nitrogen (TN). Furthermore, certain problems like economic aspects, model and design of MFCs, type of electrode material, electrode cost, and concept of electro-microbiology limit the commercialization of MFC technology. As a result, MFC has never been accepted as an appreciable competitor in the area of treating wastewater or renewable energy. Therefore, more efforts are still required to develop a useful model for generating safe, clean, and CO2 emission-free renewable energy along with wastewater treatment. The purpose of this review is to provide a deep understanding of the working mechanism and design of MFC technology responsible for the removal of different pollutants from wastewater and generate power density. Existing studies related to the implementation of MFC technology in the wastewater treatment process along with the factors affecting its functioning and power outcomes have also been highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Kunwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Neha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Pooja Bhatnagar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science & Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Gurasees Chadha
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Neha Rawat
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Naveen Chandra Joshi
- Division of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Mahipal Singh Tomar
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Murat Eyvaz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Prateek Gururani
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Danaee S, Naghoosi H, Badali Varzaghani N, Vo PHN. Biodegradation of human faecal sludge for photosynthetic bioelectricity generation and seawater desalination in a microbial desalination cell. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37965746 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2283406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTInaccessibility and expensiveness of vital infrastructures are the main problems in some urban and rural areas to supply fresh water, sustainable energy, and wastewater treatment. An effective solution is the integration of several systems in an environmentally friendly technology of the photosynthetic microbial desalination cell (PMDC). The aim of this study is to assess the process characterisation of an algae-based PMDC, which was loaded with a high-strength mixture of human feces and urine (HFS). The PMDC was also able to efficiently remove COD and total nitrogen of HFS by 50% and 94%, respectively. The maximum power density, voltage, and desalination efficiency of 362.5 mW/m², 175.2 mV, and 60% were accomplished. Adequate parameter adjustment led to a remarkable maximum of 2.25 g/L.d in the ion removal rate. In addition, an energy balance was governed showing that zero or positive net energy in PMDC is feasible by replacing the main energy consumers. Based on the results, this type of MDC had a high efficiency for simultaneous saline water desalination and HFS treatment, which makes it attractive for further studies of upscaling and its application in remote areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soroosh Danaee
- Biotechnology Department, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Naghoosi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Badali Varzaghani
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Phong H N Vo
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nandy A, Farkas D, Pepió-Tárrega B, Martinez-Crespiera S, Borràs E, Avignone-Rossa C, Di Lorenzo M. Influence of carbon-based cathodes on biofilm composition and electrochemical performance in soil microbial fuel cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 16:100276. [PMID: 37206316 PMCID: PMC10189395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing energy demands and environmental pollution concerns press for sustainable and environmentally friendly technologies. Soil microbial fuel cell (SMFC) technology has great potential for carbon-neutral bioenergy generation and self-powered electrochemical bioremediation. In this study, an in-depth assessment on the effect of several carbon-based cathode materials on the electrochemical performance of SMFCs is provided for the first time. An innovative carbon nanofibers electrode doped with Fe (CNFFe) is used as cathode material in membrane-less SMFCs, and the performance of the resulting device is compared with SMFCs implementing either Pt-doped carbon cloth (PtC), carbon cloth, or graphite felt (GF) as the cathode. Electrochemical analyses are integrated with microbial analyses to assess the impact on both electrogenesis and microbial composition of the anodic and cathodic biofilm. The results show that CNFFe and PtC generate very stable performances, with a peak power density (with respect to the cathode geometric area) of 25.5 and 30.4 mW m-2, respectively. The best electrochemical performance was obtained with GF, with a peak power density of 87.3 mW m-2. Taxonomic profiling of the microbial communities revealed differences between anodic and cathodic communities. The anodes were predominantly enriched with Geobacter and Pseudomonas species, while cathodic communities were dominated by hydrogen-producing and hydrogenotrophic bacteria, indicating H2 cycling as a possible electron transfer mechanism. The presence of nitrate-reducing bacteria, combined with the results of cyclic voltammograms, suggests microbial nitrate reduction occurred on GF cathodes. The results of this study can contribute to the development of effective SMFC design strategies for field implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Nandy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics & Biodevices (C3Bio), University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Daniel Farkas
- Department of Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Belén Pepió-Tárrega
- LEITAT Technological Center, C/ de la Innovació, 2, 08225, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eduard Borràs
- LEITAT Technological Center, C/ de la Innovació, 2, 08225, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mirella Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics & Biodevices (C3Bio), University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, UK
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Raychaudhuri A, Sahoo RN, Behera M. Sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment of rice mill wastewater and simultaneous power generation in microbial fuel cell. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:3176-3182. [PMID: 35286237 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2053753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have attracted widespread interest due to their capability to generate power while treating wastewater. In the present investigation, rice mill wastewater (RMW) was treated in a dual-chamber MFC with a biological cathode (MFCB), in which anaerobic treatment was provided in the anode compartment, and aerobic treatment was enployed in the cathode compartment. The performance was compared with an identical MFC with an abiotic cathode (MFCA). During continuous operation, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the anode compartments of both MFCs was kept at 12 h. The maximum volumetric power density obtained in MFCB (379.53 mW/m3) was lower than MFCA (791.72 mW/m3). Similarly, the maximum open-circuit voltage (OCV) and operating voltages were 0.519 V and 0.170 V for MFCB, while for the MFCA, they were 0.774 V and 0.251 V, respectively. The internal resistance of MFCA was 372.34 Ω while the MFCB showed a higher internal resistance of 533.89 Ω. The linear sweep voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry also demonstrated high electrochemical activity in MFCA compared to MFCB. However, MFCB has shown a higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency (96.8%) than MFCA (88.4%) under steady-state conditions. Both anaerobic and aerobic degradation of organic substrates significantly reduced the COD of RMW. Furthermore, the absence of an expensive catalyst in the cathode substantially reduces the cost of the system. The electrical performance of the system can be enhanced by employing novel cathode material with surface modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aryama Raychaudhuri
- School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rudra Narayan Sahoo
- School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Manaswini Behera
- School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cano V, Nolasco MA, Kurt H, Long C, Cano J, Nunes SC, Chandran K. Comparative assessment of energy generation from ammonia oxidation by different functional bacterial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161688. [PMID: 36708822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical ammonia oxidation (BEAO) in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a recently discovered process that has the potential to reduce energy consumption in wastewater treatment. However, level of energy and limiting factors of this process in different microbial groups are not fully understood. This study comparatively investigated the BEAO in wastewater treatment by MFCs enriched with different functional groups of bacteria (confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing): electroactive bacteria (EAB), ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and anammox bacteria (AnAOB). Ammonia oxidation rates of 0.066, 0.083 and 0.082 g NH4+-N L-1 d-1 were achieved by biofilms enriched with EAB, AOB, and AnAOB, respectively. With influent 444 ± 65 mg NH4+-N d-1, nitrite accumulation between 84 and 105 mg N d-1 was observed independently of the biofilm type. The AnAOB-enriched biofilm released electrons at higher potential energy levels (anode potential of 0.253 V vs. SHE) but had high internal resistance (Rint) of 299 Ω, which limits its power density (0.2 W m-3). For AnAOB enriched biofilm, accumulation of nitrite was a limiting factor for power output by allowing conventional anammox activity without current generation. AOB enriched biofilm had Rint of 18 ± 1 Ω and yielded power density of up to 1.4 W m-3. The activity of the AOB-enriched biofilm was not dependent on the accumulation of dissolved oxygen and achieved 1.5 fold higher coulombic efficiency when sulfate was not available. The EAB-enriched biofilm adapted to oxidize ammonia without organic carbon, with Rint of 19 ± 1 Ω and achieved the highest power density of 11 W m-3. Based on lab-scale experiments (scaling-up factors not considered) energy savings of up to 7 % (AnAOB), 44 % (AOB) and 475 % (EAB) (positive energy balance), compared to conventional nitrification, are projected from the applications of BEAO in wastewater treatment plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Cano
- University of São Paulo, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Av. Arlindo Béttio, 1000, Sao Paulo, SP 03828-000, Brazil; Columbia University, Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, 500 West 120th Street, Room 1045 Mudd Hall, New York, NY 10027, United States.
| | - Marcelo A Nolasco
- University of São Paulo, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Av. Arlindo Béttio, 1000, Sao Paulo, SP 03828-000, Brazil.
| | - Halil Kurt
- Columbia University, Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, 500 West 120th Street, Room 1045 Mudd Hall, New York, NY 10027, United States.
| | - Chenghua Long
- Columbia University, Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, 500 West 120th Street, Room 1045 Mudd Hall, New York, NY 10027, United States.
| | - Julio Cano
- University of São Paulo, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Av. Arlindo Béttio, 1000, Sao Paulo, SP 03828-000, Brazil.
| | - Sabrina C Nunes
- University of São Paulo, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Av. Arlindo Béttio, 1000, Sao Paulo, SP 03828-000, Brazil.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Columbia University, Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, 500 West 120th Street, Room 1045 Mudd Hall, New York, NY 10027, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Naderi A, Kakavandi B, Giannakis S, Angelidaki I, Rezaei Kalantary R. Putting the electro-bugs to work: A systematic review of 22 years of advances in bio-electrochemical systems and the parameters governing their performance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115843. [PMID: 37068722 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment using bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) can be considered as a technology finding application in versatile areas such as for renewable energy production and simultaneous reducing environmental problems, biosensors, and bioelectrosynthesis. This review paper reports and critically discusses the challenges, and advances in bio-electrochemical studies in the 21st century. To sum and critically analyze the strides of the last 20+ years on the topic, this study first provides a comprehensive analysis on the structure, performance, and application of BESs, which include Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs), Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MECs) and Microbial Desalination Cells (MDCs). We focus on the effect of various parameters, such as electroactive microbial community structure, electrode material, configuration of bioreactors, anode unit volume, membrane type, initial COD, co-substrates and the nature of the input wastewater in treatment process and the amount of energy and fuel production, with the purpose of showcasing the modes of operation as a guide for future studies. The results of this review show that the BES have great potential in reducing environmental pollution, purifying saltwater, and producing energy and fuel. At a larger scale, it aspires to facilitate the path of achieving sustainable development and practical application of BES in real-world scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azra Naderi
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Kakavandi
- Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Stefanos Giannakis
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil: Hidráulica, Energía y Medio Ambiente, Environment, Coast and Ocean Research Laboratory (ECOREL-UPM), C/Profesor Aranguren, s/n, ES-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tahir K, Ali AS, Ghani AA, Hussain M, Kim B, Lim Y, Lee DS. Enhanced bio-electrochemical performance of microbially catalysed anode and cathode in a microbial electrosynthesis system. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 317:137770. [PMID: 36621685 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Most bio-electrochemical systems (BESs) use biotic/abiotic electrode combinations, with platinum-based abiotic electrodes being the most common. However, the non-renewability, cost, and poisonous nature of such electrode systems based on noble metals are major bottlenecks in BES commercialisation. Microbial electrosynthesis (MES), which is a sustainable energy platform that simultaneously treats wastewater and produces chemical commodities, also faces the same problem. In this study, a dual bio-catalysed MES system with a biotic anode and cathode (MES-D) was tested and compared with a biotic cathode/abiotic anode system (MES-S). Different bio-electrochemical tests revealed improved BES performance in MES-D, with a 3.9-fold improvement in current density compared to that of MES-S. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) generation also increased 3.2-, 4.1-, and 1.8-fold in MES-D compared with that in MES-S for acetate, propionate, and butyrate, respectively. The improved performance of MES-D could be attributed to the microbial metabolism at the bioanode, which generated additional electrons, as well as accumulative VFA production by both the bioanode and biocathode chambers. Microbial community analysis revealed the enrichment of electroactive bacteria such as Proteobacteria (60%), Bacteroidetes (67%), and Firmicutes + Proteobacteria + Bacteroidetes (75%) on the MES-S cathode and MES-D cathode and anode, respectively. These results signify the potential of combined bioanode/biocathode BESs such as MES for application in improving energy and chemical commodity production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Tahir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdul Samee Ali
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahsan Abdul Ghani
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Muzammil Hussain
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bolam Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsu Lim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ghaffar I, Deepanraj B, Sundar LS, Vo DVN, Saikumar A, Hussain A. A review on the sustainable procurement of microalgal biomass from wastewaters for the production of biofuels. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137094. [PMID: 36334745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of microalgal biomass as one of the most promising and renewable sources for the production of biofuels is being studied extensively. Microalgal biomass can be cultivated under photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, photoheterotrophic, and mixotrophic cultivation conditions. Photoautotrophic cultivation is the most common way of microalgal biomass production. Under mixotrophic cultivation, microalgae can utilize both organic carbon and CO2 simultaneously. Mixotrophic cultivation depicts higher biomass productivity as compared to photoautotrophic cultivation. It is evident from the literature that mixotrophic cultivation yields higher quantities of polyunsaturated fatty acids as compared to that photoautotrophic cultivation. In this context, for economical biomass production, the organic carbon of industrial wastewaters can be valorized for the mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae. Following the way, contaminants' load of wastewaters can be reduced while concomitantly producing highly productive microalgal biomass. This review focuses on different aspects covering the sustainable cultivation of different microalgal species in different types of wastewaters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imania Ghaffar
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Balakrishnan Deepanraj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Lingala Syam Sundar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Algam Saikumar
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering, MLR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ali Hussain
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sonawane JM, Mahadevan R, Pandey A, Greener J. Recent progress in microbial fuel cells using substrates from diverse sources. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12353. [PMID: 36582703 PMCID: PMC9792797 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing untreated environmental outputs from industry and the rising human population have increased the burden of wastewater and other waste streams on the environment. The most prevalent wastewater treatment methods include the activated sludge process, which requires aeration and is, therefore, energy and cost-intensive. The current trend towards a circular economy facilitates the recovery of waste materials as a resource. Along with the amount, the complexity of wastewater is increasing day by day. Therefore, wastewater treatment processes must be transformed into cost-effective and sustainable methods. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) use electroactive microbes to extract chemical energy from waste organic molecules to generate electricity via waste treatment. This review focuses use of MFCs as an energy converter using wastewater from various sources. The different substrate sources that are evaluated include industrial, agricultural, domestic, and pharmaceutical types. The article also highlights the effect of operational parameters such as organic load, pH, current, and concentration on the MFC output. The article also covers MFC functioning with respect to the substrate, and the associated performance parameters, such as power generation and wastewater treatment matrices, are given. The review also illustrates the success stories of various MFC configurations. We emphasize the significant measures required to fill in the gaps related to the effect of substrate type on different MFC configurations, identification of microbes for use as biocatalysts, and development of biocathodes for the further improvement of the system. Finally, we shortlisted the best performing substrates based on the maximum current and power, Coulombic efficiency, and chemical oxygen demand removal upon the treatment of substrates in MFCs. This information will guide industries that wish to use MFC technology to treat generated effluent from various processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh M. Sonawane
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto M5S 3E5, Canada
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Corresponding author.
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahadevan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, India
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 029, India
| | - Jesse Greener
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- CHU de Québec, Centre de recherche, Université Laval, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Québec, QC, Canada
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tian Y, Li C, Liang D, Xie T, He W, Li D, Feng Y. Fungus-sourced filament-array anode facilitates Geobacter enrichment and promotes anodic bio-capacitance improvement for efficient power generation in microbial fuel cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155926. [PMID: 35588840 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are emerging as new generation eco-friendly technology for the superiorities of energy harvest and simultaneous wastewater treatment. However, the power generation performance was strongly restricted by the material/biofilm electron transfer rate. In this research, the fungus-sourced electrode with filament-array structure was firstly proposed and prepared by one-step carbonization method. After 2 h pyrolysis, the functional groups containing N and O elements highly remained in the as-prepared material, which was beneficial to the electron transfer for the current generation. The lowest electron transfer resistance was obtained at 2.2 Ω, which showed a great reduction that compared with graphite sheet anode. With filament-array structure, the lowest mass diffusion resistance was obtained at 26.9 Ω for anodic oxidation reaction, which also supported the highest current generation performance. In addition, the relative abundance of typical electrochemical bacterium Geobacter was highly improved to 45.5% with an extraordinary electroactive biofilm loading of about 1203 ± 256 μg cm-2. More importantly, the high biocatalytic activity biofilm supported a remarkably observed bio-capacitance of about 1.14 F in 3DFfv anode, which exhibited the highest power density in 3.5 ± 0.2 W m-2. In addition, the fungus-sourced material was one kind of economical and readily available material. Overall, this work provided one efficient strategy for electrode preparation and higher power generation in MFCs, which would reduce the capital cost and improve the efficiency in further applications of MFCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - DanDan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ting Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Weihua He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Da Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abbas SZ, Wang JY, Wang H, Wang JX, Wang YT, Yong YC. Recent advances in soil microbial fuel cells based self-powered biosensor. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135036. [PMID: 35609665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The soil microbial fuel cell (SMFC) is a new device that was originally designed to generate electricity from organic matter in soil using microorganisms. Currently, SMFC based biosensors are emerging as a new and promising research direction for real-time and rapid monitoring of soil quality or soil pollution. Compared to conventional biosensors, SMFC based biosensors exhibit advantages such as low-cost, simple design, in-situ, and long-term self-powering monitoring, which makes it become attractive devices for in-situ long-term soil quality or soil pollution monitoring. Thus, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of SMFC based biosensors. In this review, different prototypes of SMFC based biosensors developed in recent years are introduced, the biosensing mechanisms and the roles of SMFC are highlighted, and the emerging applications of these SMFC based biosensors are discussed. Since the SMFC based biosensors are applied in open-air conditions, the effects of different environmental factors on the biosensing response are also summarized. Finally, to further expand the understanding and boost the practical application of the SMFC based biosensors, future perspectives including fundamental mechanism exploration and investigation of the full-scale application are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zaghum Abbas
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-Xian Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang-Chun Yong
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Effective salt removal from domestic reverse osmosis reject water in a microbial desalination cell. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:172. [PMID: 35845113 PMCID: PMC9279519 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial desalination cells (MDC) are evaluated as an environmentally friendly approach for purifying saline water by using power generated by the decomposition of organic materials in the wastewater. The present study is to evaluate the ferrocyanide-redox and biocathode approach in treating simulated saline water and subsequently recovering bio-electricity using actual domestic reverse osmosis reject water. For the desalination of simulated saline water and domestic reverse osmosis reject water, a three-chamber microbial desalination cell with graphite electrodes and anion and cation exchange membranes was constructed. When treating simulated saline water, the biocathode technique achieved a 5% improvement in salt removal and a 4.9% increase in current and power density when compared to the ferrocyanide-redox approach. When biocathode MDC was used to treat domestic reverse osmosis reject water, a maximum current and power density of 3.81 μA/cm2 and 0.337 μW/cm2, respectively, were recorded, as well as COD removal of 83.9% at the desalination chamber and ions reduction for Na, K, and Ca of up to 79%, 76.5%, and 72%, respectively, in a batch operation for 31 days with a stable pH (≈ 7). Thus, the study revealed a microbial desalination cell capable of recovering bioenergy and reducing salt from domestic reverse osmosis reject water with a consistent pH range.
Collapse
|
16
|
Han CS, Kaur U, Bai H, Roqueto dos Reis B, White R, Nawrocki RA, Voyles RM, Kang MG, Priya S. Invited review: Sensor technologies for real-time monitoring of the rumen environment. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:6379-6404. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
17
|
P A, Naina Mohamed S, Singaravelu DL, Brindhadevi K, Pugazhendhi A. A review on graphene / graphene oxide supported electrodes for microbial fuel cell applications: Challenges and prospects. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133983. [PMID: 35181417 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) has gained great interest as an alternative green technology for bioenergy generation along with reduced sludge production, nutrient recovery, removal of COD and color, etc. during wastewater treatment. However, the MFC has several challenges for real-time applications due to less power output and high ohmic resistance and fabrication (electrode and membrane) cost. Several kinds of research have been carried out to increase energy production by reducing various losses associated with electrodes in the MFC. Though, carbonaceous electrodes (carbon and graphite) are the key materials for the anode and cathode side, since these have a higher surface area, good biocompatibility, low cost, and good mechanical strength. Graphene or graphene oxide-based nanocomposite can be an ideal substitute for electrode modifications and an alternative for an expensive anode and cathode catalyst in MFC. Graphene oxide synthesis from waste material such as waste biomass, agricultural, plastic waste, etc. is added advantages of minimizing the cost of the electrodes. But, the synthesis of graphene is quite expensive and has limitations in economic feasibility for bioelectricity production in MFC. Hence, the present review deals with the anode and cathode electrode modification with graphene-based nanocomposites, synthesis of graphene/graphene oxide from various raw materials, and its application in MFC. The current challenges and future outlook on graphene-based composites on MFC performance are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiswaria P
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-15, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samsudeen Naina Mohamed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-15, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - D Lenin Singaravelu
- Department of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-15, India
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas stutzeri S116 owning bifunctional catalysis provides insights into affecting performance of microbial fuel cells. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:137. [PMID: 35590268 PMCID: PMC9118636 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas stutzeri S116 is a sulfur-oxidizing bacteria isolated from marine sludge. It exhibited excellent electricity generation as bioanode and biocathode applied in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Complete genome sequencing of P. stutzeri and cyclic voltammetry method were performed to reveal its mechanism in microbial fuel cells system. Results This study indicated that the MFCs generated a maximum output voltage of 254.2 mV and 226.0 mV, and maximum power density of 765 mW/m2 and 656.6 mW/m2 respectively. Complete genome sequencing of P. stutzeri S116 was performed to indicate that most function genes showed high similarities with P. stutzeri, and its primary annotations were associated with energy production and conversion (6.84%), amino acid transport and metabolism (6.82%) and inorganic ion transport and metabolism (6.77%). Homology of 36 genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation was detected, which suggests the strain S116 possesses an integrated electron transport chain. Additionally, many genes encoding pilus-assembly proteins and redox mediators (riboflavin and phenazine) were detected in the databases. Thiosulfate oxidization and dissimilatory nitrate reduction were annotated in the sulfur metabolism pathway and nitrogen metabolism pathway, respectively. Gene function analysis and cyclic voltammetry indicated that P. stutzeri probably possesses cellular machinery such as cytochrome c and redox mediators and can perform extracellular electron transfer and produce electricity in MFCs. Conclusion The redox mediators secreted by P. stutzeri S116 were probably responsible for performance of MFCs. The critical genes and metabolic pathways involved in thiosulfate oxide and nitrate reduction were detected, which indicated that the strain can treat wastewater containing sulfide and nitrite efficiently. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02552-8.
Collapse
|
19
|
Li C, Feng Y, Liang D, Zhang L, Tian Y, Yadav RS, He W. Spatial-type skeleton induced Geobacter enrichment and tailored bio-capacitance of electroactive bioanode for efficient electron transfer in microbial fuel cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153123. [PMID: 35051486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a promising alternative to energy-intensive conventional wastewater technology. However, poor electron transfer efficiency, low coulombic recovery (CR), and high capital cost highly restricted its practical application. In this work, spatial electroactive biofilm is successfully developed on the carbonaceous skeleton derived from phenolic foam, which highly improved the bio-capacitance and Geobacter abundance of bioanode. Compared with carbon cloth (CC) anode, the optimal spatial electroactive biofilm (3DP_900) enriched the Geobacter abundance up to 56.8% from 17.2%, and obtained an extraordinary electroactive biomass loading of about 339 ± 63 μg cm-2 and a remarkable bio-capacitance of about 3.4 F. In general, spatial biofilm highly reduces the barriers to electron transfer (Rct) and mass transfer (Rd) in anodic substrate oxidation reaction and obtains the lowest Rct of 2.0 ± 0.2 Ω and Rd of 35 ± 3.3 Ω in 3DP_900, which also supports the highest power density at 0.347 ± 0.027 W m-2 and the highest CR at 69.2%. More importantly, due to its mature preparation technology, carbonized phenolic foam (2 cm thick pieces) reduces the capital cost of electrode preparation by three orders of magnitude from 1157.3 USD m-2 of CC to 5.2 USD m-2. Overall, this work offers an effective and scalable electrode to achieve high substrate utilization rate and energy recovery efficiency, and considers the economic cost of electrode fabrication for the further construction of pilot-scale MFCs equipment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ravi Shankar Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Weihua He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
de Fouchécour F, Larzillière V, Bouchez T, Moscoviz R. Systematic and quantitative analysis of two decades of anodic wastewater treatment in bioelectrochemical reactors. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 214:118142. [PMID: 35217490 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment is generally performed using energy-intensive processes, such as activated sludge. Improving energy efficiency has become one of the main challenges for next-generation wastewater treatment plants. Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) have been attracting attention because they take advantage of the chemical energy contained in wastewater while enabling the valorization of effluents: either with electrical energy (microbial fuel cells) or with useful chemicals (microbial electrolysis cells). Bioelectrochemical wastewater treatment has been under investigation since the early 2000s and is now the subject of an abundant literature, which is most frequently focused on anodic COD removal. Comparing results obtained in different studies is particularly difficult with BES, because many different parameters (effluent characteristics, inoculation, design, and operation) may interact and because using real effluents results in high variability. To address this issue, data were retrieved from 1,073 articles that were selected objectively and with transparency. This systematic review evaluates the potential of anodic wastewater treatment, based on 4,579 experimental observations. Overall, BES has already shown satisfactory treatment capacity, with a median chemical oxygen demand removal of 72%. However, the median coulombic efficiency was only 18%, increasing this parameter offers the greatest opportunity for BES improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentin Larzillière
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, PROSE, 92160, Antony, France; SUEZ, Centre International de Recherche Sur l'Eau et l'Environnement (CIRSEE), 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | | | - Roman Moscoviz
- SUEZ, Centre International de Recherche Sur l'Eau et l'Environnement (CIRSEE), 78230, Le Pecq, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ji B, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Tang C, Dai Y, Zhang X, Tai Y, Tao R, Ruan W. Insight into the performance discrepancy of GAC and CAC as air-cathode materials in constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152078. [PMID: 34863746 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) has exhibited the performance discrepancy between using granular activated carbon (GAC) and columnar activated carbon (CAC) as air-cathode materials. No doubt, this is linked with electrochemical performance and decontaminants characteristics in the CW-MFC system. To provide insight into this performance discrepancy, three CW-MFCs were designed with different carbon-material to construct varied shapes of air-cathodes. The results showed that the ring-shaped cathode filled with GAC yielded a highest voltage of 458 mV with maximum power density of 13.71 mW m-2 and >90% COD removal in the CW-MFC system. The electrochemical characteristics and the electron transport system activity (ETSA) are the driven force to bring the GAC a better electron transportation and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This will help elucidating underlying mechanisms of different activated carbon for air-cathode and thus promote its large application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China; Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Cheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China; Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Yunyu Dai
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yiping Tai
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weifeng Ruan
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kugarajah V, Solomon J, Rajendran K, Dharmalingam S. Enhancement of nitrate removal and electricity generation in microbial fuel cell using eggshell supported biocathode. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
23
|
Li C, He W, Liang D, Tian Y, Li J, Li Z, Feng Y. Microbial separator allied biocathode supports simultaneous nitrification and denitrification for nitrogen removal in microbial electrochemical system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126537. [PMID: 34896532 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial separator (MS) allied biocathode was considered as one promising construction mode for pilot-scale microbial electrochemical system (MES). Instead of traditional ion exchange membrane, the microbial separator provided more potential for nitrogen metabolism due to its hydraulic permeable performance. In microbial separator installed biocathode MES, nitrogen removal efficiency, functional bacteria composition, and nitrogen metabolism routes were systemically investigated. Nitrogen removal tests suggested that the nitrogen removal was restricted by the ammonia oxidation reaction in cathode chamber. The PICRUSt2 functional genes prediction proved that simultaneous nitrification and denitrification reaction (SNDR) was dominant pathway for the nitrogen metabolism. The microbial composition analysis provided direct evidences that microbial separator compensated the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Weihua He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Prathiba S, Kumar PS, Vo DVN. Recent advancements in microbial fuel cells: A review on its electron transfer mechanisms, microbial community, types of substrates and design for bio-electrochemical treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131856. [PMID: 34399268 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development in urbanization, growth in industrialization and deficiency in crude oil wealth has made to focus more for the renewable and also sustainable spotless energy resources. In the past two decades, the concepts of microbial fuel cell have caught more considerations among the scientific societies for the probability of converting, organic waste materials into bio-energy using microorganisms catalyzed anode, and enzymatic/microbial/abiotic/biotic cathode electro-chemical reactions. The added benefit with MFCs technology for waste water treatment is numerous bio-centered processes are available such as sulfate removal, denitrification, nitrification, removal of chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand and heavy metals removal can be performed in the same MFC designed systems. The various factors intricate in MFC concepts in the direction of bioenergy production consists of maximum coulombic efficiency, power density and also the rate of removal of chemical oxygen demand which calculates the efficacy of the MFC unit. Even though the efficacy of MFCs in bioenergy production was initially quietly low, therefore to overcome these issues few modifications are incorporated in design and components of the MFC units, thereby functioning of the MFC unit have improvised the rate of bioenergy production to a substantial level by this means empowering application of MFC technology in numerous sectors including carbon capture, bio-hydrogen production, bioremediation, biosensors, desalination, and wastewater treatment. The present article reviews about the microbial community, types of substrates and information about the several designs of MFCs in an endeavor to get the better of practical difficulties of the MFC technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Prathiba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India.
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mohamed A, Ha PT, Beyenal H. Kinetics and scale up of oxygen reducing cathodic biofilms. Biofilm 2021; 3:100053. [PMID: 34308331 PMCID: PMC8283157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2021.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The goals of this work were to study the kinetics and investigate the factors controlling the scale up of oxygen reducing mixed culture cathodic biofilms. Cathodic biofilms were enriched on different electrode sizes (14.5 cm2, 40.3 cm2, 131 cm2 and 466 cm2). Biofilm enrichment shifted the oxygen reduction onset potential from -0.1 VAg/AgCl to 0.3 VAg/AgCl, indicating the biofilm catalyzed oxygen reduction. The kinetics of oxygen reduction were studied by varying the bulk dissolved oxygen concentration. Oxygen reduction followed a Michaelis-Menten kinetics on all electrode sizes. The maximum current density decreased with increasing electrode surface area (-97.0 ± 10.6 μA/cm2, -76.0 ± 8.2 μA/cm2, -66.3 ± 3.0 μA/cm2 and -43.5 ± 10.5 μA/cm2, respectively). Cyclic voltammograms suggest that scale up was limited by ohmic resistance, likely due to the low ionic conductivity in the wastewater medium. Mathematical modeling using combined Michaelis-Menten and Butler-Volmer model supports that the decrease in current density with increasing electrode surface area is caused by ohmic losses. Analysis of the microbial community structure in different size electrodes and in multiple regions on the same electrode showed low variability, suggesting that the microbial community does not control the scale up of cathodic biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrhman Mohamed
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Phuc T. Ha
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ramanaiah S, Cordas CM, Matias SC, Reddy M, Leitão JH, Fonseca LP. Bioelectricity generation using long-term operated biocathode: RFLP based microbial diversity analysis. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 32:e00693. [PMID: 34917493 PMCID: PMC8666517 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, power generation and substrate removal efficiencies of long-term operated microbial fuel cells, containing abiotic cathodes and biocathodes, were evaluated for 220 days. Among the two microbial fuel cell (MFC) types, the one containing biocathode showed higher power density (54 mW/m2), current density (122 mA/m2) coulombic efficiency (33%), and substrate removal efficiency (94%) than the abiotic cathode containing MFC. Voltammetric analysis also witnessed higher and sustainable electron discharge for the MFC with biocathode, when compared with the abiotic cathode MFC. Over the tested period, both MFC have shown a cell voltage drop, after 150 and 165, days, for the MFC with biocathode and abiotic cathodes, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis identified 281 clones. Bacteria belonging to Acinetobacter, Acidovorax, Pseudomonas and Burkholderia were observed in the abiotic cathode MFC. Bacteria belonging to Geobacter, Cupriavidus and Acidobacteria were observed in the biocathode MFC. Almost similar types of archaea (Methanosarcinales, Methanolinea, Nitrososphaera and Methanomicrobiales) were observed in both MFCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S.V. Ramanaiah
- iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, 1049-001 Portugal
- Food and Biotechnology Research Lab, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76, Lenin prospekt, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation
| | - Cristina M. Cordas
- LAQV- REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Sara C. Matias
- iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, 1049-001 Portugal
| | - M.Venkateswar Reddy
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Jorge Humberto Leitão
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, 1049-001 Portugal
| | - Luis P. Fonseca
- iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, 1049-001 Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Arkatkar A, Mungray AK, Sharma P. Biological modification in air-cathode microbial fuel cell: Effect on oxygen diffusion, current generation and wastewater degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131243. [PMID: 34186222 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen diffusion in the anodic chamber is the major limitation of air-cathode microbial fuel cell (MFC) design. To address this drawback, the application of microbial (Escherichia coli EC) patch on cathode was tested. Pseudomonas aeruginosa BR was used as exoelectrogen during the study. The MFC reactor with a patch had a better electron transfer rate, degraded 94.64% of synthetic wastewater (BRSyW) and its current generation was increased by 95.66%. The maximum power density recorded for BRSyW was 259.34 ± 7.28 mW/m2. Application of patch in real wastewater (BR + Sludge) condition registered 63.18% of wastewater degradation, increment in current generation (59.71%) and decreased the charge transfer and ohmic resistances by 97.95% and 97.01% respectively. Apart from hindering oxygen diffusion and better current generation, this simple design also worked as a two-step degradation system. Thus, such MFC reactor is a potential candidate for wastewater management and green energy generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Arkatkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, 395007, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Mungray
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, India.
| | - Preeti Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, 395007, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pillot G, Amin Ali O, Davidson S, Shintu L, Combet-Blanc Y, Godfroy A, Bonin P, Liebgott PP. Evolution of Thermophilic Microbial Communities from a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Chimney under Electrolithoautotrophic Conditions with Nitrate. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122475. [PMID: 34946077 PMCID: PMC8705573 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown the presence of an abiotic electrical current across the walls of deep-sea hydrothermal chimneys, allowing the growth of electroautotrophic microbial communities. To understand the role of the different phylogenetic groups and metabolisms involved, this study focused on electrotrophic enrichment with nitrate as electron acceptor. The biofilm density, community composition, production of organic compounds, and electrical consumption were monitored by FISH confocal microscopy, qPCR, metabarcoding, NMR, and potentiostat measurements. A statistical analysis by PCA showed the correlation between the different parameters (qPCR, organic compounds, and electron acceptors) in three distinct temporal phases. In our conditions, the Archaeoglobales have been shown to play a key role in the development of the community as the first colonizers on the cathode and the first producers of organic compounds, which are then used as an organic source by heterotrophs. Finally, through subcultures of the community, we showed the development of a greater biodiversity over time. This observed phenomenon could explain the biodiversity development in hydrothermal contexts, where energy sources are transient and unstable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Pillot
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (O.A.A.); (S.D.); (Y.C.-B.); (P.B.)
| | - Oulfat Amin Ali
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (O.A.A.); (S.D.); (Y.C.-B.); (P.B.)
| | - Sylvain Davidson
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (O.A.A.); (S.D.); (Y.C.-B.); (P.B.)
| | - Laetitia Shintu
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13284 Marseille, France;
| | - Yannick Combet-Blanc
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (O.A.A.); (S.D.); (Y.C.-B.); (P.B.)
| | - Anne Godfroy
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CNRS, IFREMER, 29280 Plouzané, France;
| | - Patricia Bonin
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (O.A.A.); (S.D.); (Y.C.-B.); (P.B.)
| | - Pierre-Pol Liebgott
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (O.A.A.); (S.D.); (Y.C.-B.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ratheesh A, Elias L, Aboobakar Shibli SM. Tuning of Electrode Surface for Enhanced Bacterial Adhesion and Reactions: A Review on Recent Approaches. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5809-5838. [PMID: 35006924 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The study of bacterial adhesion and its consequences has great significance in different fields such as marine science, renewable energy sectors, soil and plant ecology, food industry, and the biomedical field. Generally, the adverse effects of microbial surface interactions have attained wide visibility. However, herein, we present distinct approaches to highlight the beneficial aspects of microbial surface interactions for various applications rather than deal with the conventional negative aspects or prevention strategies. The surface microbial reactions can be tuned for useful biochemical or bio-electrochemical applications, which are otherwise unattainable through conventional routes. In this context, the present review is a comprehensive approach to highlight the basic principles and signature parameters that are responsible for the useful microbial-electrode interactions. It also proposes various surface tuning strategies, which are useful for tuning the electrode characteristics particularly suitable for the enhanced bacterial adhesion and reactions. The tuning of surface characteristics of electrodes is discussed with a special reference to the Microbial Fuel Cell as an example.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Ratheesh
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 581, India
| | - Liju Elias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 581, India
| | - Sheik Muhammadhu Aboobakar Shibli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 581, India.,Centre for Renewable Energy and Materials, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 581, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Barahoei M, Hatamipour MS, Khosravi M, Afsharzadeh S, Feghhipour SE. Salinity reduction of brackish water using a chemical photosynthesis desalination cell. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146473. [PMID: 34030243 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a chemical photosynthesis desalination cell (CPDC) was investigated for saltwater desalination. The cell consisted of three main parts: (1) an anodic compartment where the oxidation reaction occurs, releasing electrons, (2) a cathode compartment where the required soluble oxygen is provided by microalgae photosynthesis, and (3) an electrodialysis desalination cell installed between the cathode and anode. In the anode, a novel idea was adopted to shorten the desalination duration and increase the salinity rate using a chemical oxidation reaction in combination with the biocathode. The CPDC contributed to the carbon dioxide biological sequestration (reducing air pollution), produced microalgae biomass as a source of renewable energy and generated electricity. In the investigated CPDC, microalgae were used to supply the required oxygen solution as an electron acceptor. The metal anode-microalgae biocathode battery could provide the required energy for electrodialysis. In addition, some extra electricity was generated with a maximum excess power density of 32.4 W/m3 per volume of the net anodic compartment, 16.2 W/m3 per volume of the net cathodic compartment, and 3.07 W/m2 of membrane surface area. This study confirms the benefits of microalgae as a sustainable biocathode in microbial desalination cells (MDCs) to supply electron acceptors in an environmental-friendly manner. Compared to photosynthetic microbial desalination cells (PMDCs), the CPDC decreased the desalination time by a factor of about 4. Besides, the NaCl removal was about 69% for 12 g/L NaCl concentration in the CPDC, higher than other MDCs. In addition, as a new operational factor, the internal resistance variations were determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in different case studies. The results demonstrated for the first time the possibility of applying a new desalination cell (i.e. CPDC) for water desalination and power generation which only uses a source of chemical reaction and microalgae photosynthesis without the need for an external power source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Barahoei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Khosravi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeed Afsharzadeh
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Feghhipour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Microbial Fuel Cell: Recent Developments in Organic Substrate Use and Bacterial Electrode Interaction. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/4570388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new bioelectrochemical approach based on metabolic activities inoculated bacteria, and the microbial fuel cell (MFC) acts as biocatalysts for the natural conversion to energy of organic substrates. Among several factors, the organic substrate is the most critical challenge in MFC, which requires long-term stability. The utilization of unstable organic substrate directly affects the MFC performance, such as low energy generation. Similarly, the interaction and effect of the electrode with organic substrate are well discussed. The electrode-bacterial interaction is also another aspect after organic substrate in order to ensure the MFC performance. The conclusion is based on this literature view; the electrode content is also a significant challenge for MFCs with organic substrates in realistic applications. The current review discusses several commercial aspects of MFCs and their potential prospects. A durable organic substrate with an efficient electron transfer medium (anode electrode) is the modern necessity for this approach.
Collapse
|
32
|
Bamgboje D, Christoulakis I, Smanis I, Chavan G, Shah R, Malekzadeh M, Violaris I, Giannakeas N, Tsipouras M, Kalafatakis K, Tzallas A. Continuous Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring via Contact Lenses: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:189. [PMID: 34207533 PMCID: PMC8226956 DOI: 10.3390/bios11060189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that must be carefully managed to prevent serious complications such as cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Self-monitoring of blood glucose is a crucial tool for managing diabetes and, at present, all relevant procedures are invasive while they only provide periodic measurements. The pain and measurement intermittency associated with invasive techniques resulted in the exploration of painless, continuous, and non-invasive techniques of glucose measurement that would facilitate intensive management. The focus of this review paper is the existing solutions for continuous non-invasive glucose monitoring via contact lenses (CLs) and to carry out a detailed, qualitative, and comparative analysis to inform prospective researchers on viable pathways. Direct glucose monitoring via CLs is contingent on the detection of biomarkers present in the lacrimal fluid. In this review, emphasis is given on two types of sensors: a graphene-AgNW hybrid sensor and an amperometric sensor. Both sensors can detect the presence of glucose in the lacrimal fluid by using the enzyme, glucose oxidase. Additionally, this review covers fabrication procedures for CL biosensors. Ever since Google published the first glucose monitoring embedded system on a CL, CL biosensors have been considered state-of-the-art in the medical device research and development industry. The CL not only has to have a sensory system, it must also have an embedded integrated circuit (IC) for readout and wireless communication. Moreover, to retain mobility and ease of use of the CLs used for continuous glucose monitoring, the power supply to the solid-state IC on such CLs must be wireless. Currently, there are four methods of powering CLs: utilizing solar energy, via a biofuel cell, or by inductive or radiofrequency (RF) power. Although, there are many limitations associated with each method, the limitations common to all, are safety restrictions and CL size limitations. Bearing this in mind, RF power has received most of the attention in reported literature, whereas solar power has received the least attention in the literature. CLs seem a very promising target for cutting edge biotechnological applications of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Bamgboje
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (D.B.); (I.S.); (G.C.); (R.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Iasonas Christoulakis
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, School of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 471 00 Arta, Greece; (I.C.); (N.G.); (K.K.)
| | - Ioannis Smanis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (D.B.); (I.S.); (G.C.); (R.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Gaurav Chavan
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (D.B.); (I.S.); (G.C.); (R.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Rinkal Shah
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (D.B.); (I.S.); (G.C.); (R.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Masoud Malekzadeh
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (D.B.); (I.S.); (G.C.); (R.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Ioannis Violaris
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 501 31 Kozani, Greece; (I.V.); (M.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Giannakeas
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, School of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 471 00 Arta, Greece; (I.C.); (N.G.); (K.K.)
| | - Markos Tsipouras
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 501 31 Kozani, Greece; (I.V.); (M.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Kalafatakis
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, School of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 471 00 Arta, Greece; (I.C.); (N.G.); (K.K.)
| | - Alexandros Tzallas
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, School of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 471 00 Arta, Greece; (I.C.); (N.G.); (K.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gambino E, Chandrasekhar K, Nastro RA. SMFC as a tool for the removal of hydrocarbons and metals in the marine environment: a concise research update. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:30436-30451. [PMID: 33891239 PMCID: PMC8238742 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine pollution is becoming more and more serious, especially in coastal areas. Because of the sequestration and consequent accumulation of pollutants in sediments (mainly organic compounds and heavy metals), marine environment restoration cannot exempt from effective remediation of sediments themselves. It has been well proven that, after entering into the seawater, these pollutants are biotransformed into their metabolites, which may be more toxic than their parent molecules. Based on their bioavailability and toxic nature, these compounds may accumulate into the living cells of marine organisms. Pollutants bioaccumulation and biomagnification along the marine food chain lead to seafood contamination and human health hazards. Nowadays, different technologies are available for sediment remediation, such as physicochemical, biological, and bioelectrochemical processes. This paper gives an overview of the most recent techniques for marine sediment remediation while presenting sediment-based microbial fuel cells (SMFCs). We discuss the issues, the progress, and future perspectives of SMFC application to the removal of hydrocarbons and metals in the marine environment with concurrent energy production. We give an insight into the possible mechanisms leading to sediment remediation, SMFC energy balance, and future exploitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edvige Gambino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Kuppam Chandrasekhar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India.
| | - Rosa Anna Nastro
- Department of Science and Technology, University Parthenope of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Guette-Marquet S, Roques C, Bergel A. Catalysis of the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by animal and human cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251273. [PMID: 33951096 PMCID: PMC8099096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal cells from the Vero lineage and MRC5 human cells were checked for their capacity to catalyse the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The Vero cells needed 72 hours’ incubation to induce ORR catalysis. The cyclic voltammetry curves were clearly modified by the presence of the cells with a shift of ORR of 50 mV towards positive potentials and the appearance of a limiting current (59 μA.cm-2). The MRC5 cells induced considerable ORR catalysis after only 4 h of incubation with a potential shift of 110 mV but with large experimental deviation. A longer incubation time, of 24 h, made the results more reproducible with a potential shift of 90 mV. The presence of carbon nanotubes on the electrode surface or pre-treatment with foetal bovine serum or poly-D-lysine did not change the results. These data are the first demonstrations of the capability of animal and human cells to catalyse electrochemical ORR. The discussion of the possible mechanisms suggests that these pioneering observations could pave the way for electrochemical biosensors able to characterize the protective system of cells against oxidative stress and its sensitivity to external agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Guette-Marquet
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Fac. Sci. Pharmaceutique, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Roques
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Fac. Sci. Pharmaceutique, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Bergel
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31432, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Vishwanathan AS. Microbial fuel cells: a comprehensive review for beginners. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:248. [PMID: 33968591 PMCID: PMC8088421 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have shown immense potential as a one-stop solution for three major sustainability issues confronting the world today-energy security, global warming and wastewater management. MFCs represent a cross-disciplinary platform for research at the confluence of the natural and engineering sciences. The diversity of variables influencing performance of MFCs has garnered research interest across varied scientific disciplines since the beginning of this century. The increasing number of research publications has made it necessary to keep track of work being carried out by research groups across the globe and consolidate significant findings on a regular basis. Review articles are often the nodal points for beginners who are required to undertake an exploratory survey of literature to identify a suitable research problem. This 'review of reviews' is a ready-reckoner that directs readers to relevant reviews and research articles reporting significant developments in MFC research in the last two decades. The article also highlights the areas needing research attention which when addressed could take this technology a few more steps closer to practical implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Vishwanathan
- WATER Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Puttaparthi, 515134 Andhra Pradesh India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rahman S, Al-Mamun A, Jafary T, Alhimali H, Baawain MS. Effect of internal and external resistances on desalination in microbial desalination cell. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:2389-2403. [PMID: 34032617 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The green and cost-effective nature of the microbial desalination cell (MDC) make it a promising alternative for future sustainable desalination. However, MDC suffers from a low desalination rate that inhibits it being commercialized. External resistance (Rext) is one of the factors that significantly affect the desalination rate in MDCs, which is still under debate. This research, for the first time, investigated the impact of Rext on MDCs with different internal resistance (Rint) of the system to discover the optimal range of Rext for efficient MDC performance. The results showed that the effect of Rext on desalination rate (2.52 mg/h) was quite low when the Rint of MDC was high (200 Ω). However, operating the MDC with a low Rint (67 Ω) significantly improved the desalination rate (9.85 mg/h) and current generation. When MDC was operated with a low Rint the effect of variable Rext on desalination and current generation was noticeable. Therefore, low Rint (67 Ω) MDC was used to select the optimum Rext when the optimal range was found to be Rext ≪ Rint, Rext < Rint, Rext ≈ Rint (ranging from 1-69 Ω) to achieve the highest desalination rates (10.41-8.59 mg/h). The results showed the superior effect of Rint on desalination rate before selecting the optimal range of Rext in the outer circuit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadik Rahman
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman E-mail: ;
| | - Abdullah Al-Mamun
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman E-mail: ;
| | - Tahereh Jafary
- Process Engineering Department, International Maritime College, Sohar, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Halima Alhimali
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman E-mail: ;
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hwang JH, Ryu H, Rodriguez KL, Fahad S, Domingo JS, Kushima A, Lee WH. A strategy for power generation from bilgewater using a photosynthetic microalgal fuel cell (MAFC). JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES 2021; 484:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229222. [PMID: 33627935 PMCID: PMC7898120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have recently been applied to generate electricity from oily wastewater. Although MFCs that utilize microalgae to provide a self-supporting oxygen (O2) supply at the cathode have been well discussed, those with microalgae at the anode as an active biomass for treating wastewater and producing electrons are still poorly studied and understood. Here, we demonstrated a bilgewater treatment using single- and double-chamber microalgal fuel cells (SMAFC and DMAFC) capable of generating energy with a novel microalgal strain (Chlorella sorokiniana) that was initially isolated from oily wastewater. Compared to previous MFC studies using green algae, relatively high voltage output (151.3-160.1 mV, 71.3-83.4 mV m-2 of power density) was observed in the SMAFC under O2 controlled systems (i.e., acetate addition or light/dark cycle). It was assumed that, under the O2 depletion, alternative electron acceptors such as bicarbonate may be utilized for power generation. A DMAFC showed better power density (up to 23.9%) compared to the SMAFC due to the separated cathode chamber which fully utilizes O2 as an electron acceptor. Both SMAFC and DMAFC removed 67.2-77.4% of soluble chemical oxygen demands (SCOD) from the synthetic bilgewater. This study demonstrates that the application of algae-based MFCs is a feasible strategy to treat oil-in-water emulsion while generating electricity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Hwang
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Hodon Ryu
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Kelsey L. Rodriguez
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Saisaban Fahad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Jorge Santo Domingo
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Akihiro Kushima
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Woo Hyoung Lee
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yang K, Ji M, Liang B, Zhao Y, Zhai S, Ma Z, Yang Z. Bioelectrochemical degradation of monoaromatic compounds: Current advances and challenges. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122892. [PMID: 32768818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monoaromatic compounds (MACs) are typical refractory organic pollutants which are existing widely in various environments. Biodegradation strategies are benign while the key issue is the sustainable supply of electron acceptors/donors. Bioelectrochemical system (BES) shows great potential in this field for providing continuous electrons for MACs degradation. Phenol and BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes) can utilize anode to enhance oxidative degradation, while chlorophenols, nitrobenzene and antibiotic chloramphenicol (CAP) can be efficiently reduced to less-toxic products by the cathode. However, there still have several aspects need to be improved including the scale, electricity output and MACs degradation efficiency of BES. This review provides a comprehensive summary on the BES degradation of MACs, and discusses the advantages, future challenges and perspectives for BES development. Instead of traditional expensive dual-chamber configurations for MACs degradation, new single-chamber membrane-less reactors are cost-effective and the hydrogen generated from cathodes may promote the anode degradation. Electrode materials are the key to improve BES performance, approaches to increase the biofilm enrichment and conductivity of materials have been discussed, including surface modification as well as composition of carbon and metal-based materials. Besides, the development and introduction of functional microbes and redox mediators, participation of sulfur/hydrogen cycling may further enhance the BES versatility. Some critical parameters, such as the applied voltage and conductivity, can also affect the BES performance, which shouldn't be overlooked. Moreover, sequential cathode-anode cascaded mode is a promising strategy for MACs complete mineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaichao Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Min Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Bin Liang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Siyuan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zehao Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhifan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kabutey FT, Ding J, Zhao Q, Antwi P, Quashie FK. Electrical current generation from a continuous flow macrophyte biocathode sediment microbial fuel cell (mSMFC) during the degradation of pollutants in urban river sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:35364-35380. [PMID: 32594445 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new type of sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) with floating macrophyte Limnobium laevigatum, Pistia stratiotes, or Lemna minor L. biocathode was constructed and assessed in three phases at different hydraulic retention time (HRT) for electrical current generation during the degradation of urban river sediment. The results showed a highest voltage output of 0.88 ± 0.1 V, maximum power density of 80.22 mW m-3, highest columbic efficiency of 15.3%, normalized energy recovery of 0.030 kWh m-3, and normalized energy production of 0.005 kWh m-3 in the Lemna minor L. SMFC during phase 3 at HRT of 48 h, respectively. Highest removal efficiencies of total chemical oxygen demand of 80%, nitrite of 99%, ammonia of 93%, and phosphorus of 94% were achieved in Lemna minor L. system, and 99% of nitrate removal and 99% of sulfate removal were achieved in Pistia stratiotes and Limnobium laevigatum system during the SMFC operation, respectively. Pistia stratiotes exhibited the highest growth in terms of biomass and tap root system of 29.35 g and 12.2 cm to produce the maximum dissolved oxygen of 16.85 ± 0.2 mg L-1 compared with other macrophytes. The predominant bacterial phylum Proteobacteria of 62.86% and genus Exiguobacterium of 17.48% were identified in Limnobium laevigatum system, while the class Gammaproteobacteria of 28.77% was observed in the control SMFC. The integration of technologies with the continuous flow operation shows promising prospect in the remediation of polluted urban river sediments along with the generation of electrical current.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Tetteh Kabutey
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments (SKLURE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute for Scientific and Technological Information (CSIR-INSTI), P. O. Box M-32, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments (SKLURE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments (SKLURE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Philip Antwi
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Frank Koblah Quashie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments (SKLURE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kaushik A, Singh A. Metal removal and recovery using bioelectrochemical technology: The major determinants and opportunities for synchronic wastewater treatment and energy production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 270:110826. [PMID: 32721300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology has emerged as a new and attractive bioelectrochemical approach in the last one and a half decade that offers an alternative to conventional treatment methods to remove and recover heavy metals and organics from wastewaters with simultaneous energy production. This technique has advantage over the conventional wastewater treatment techniques, which are energy intensive, sludge producing and with little effectivity at high concentrations. Significant work has been done in the recent years on MFC principle, electrode configuration, biofilm composition, application of MFC in wastewater treatment, metal removal or recovery and energy production. Basically, metal in the cathode chamber acts as acceptor of the electrons released from the oxidation of organic matter in the anode chamber by electrogenic microbes. Literature shows that efficacy of MFCs in removal and recovery of metals and power production is significantly influenced by redox potential of the metal, initial concentration, mix metal systems, carbon source in substrate, pH, biocathode, biofilm composition, gaseous environment in cathode, electrode modification and external resistance, which have been critically reviewed for the first time in the present paper to understand the role of the determinant factors that may be explored for improvement of the MFC performance. The paper provides further insights into the techno-economic aspects of MFC technology and suggests research needs for enhanced performance and reduced costs to increase its feasibility for application at commercial level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kaushik
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University New Delhi, 110078, India.
| | - Aradhana Singh
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University New Delhi, 110078, India.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang G, Su F, Jiao Y, Chen Q, Lee DJ. Biocathodic performance of bioelectrochemical systems operated at low temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123463. [PMID: 32387978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of operational temperature on cathodic performances of five bioelectrochemical reactors operated in parallel at 25-7 °C, and on the biofilm microbial community at the end of tests. Compared with the anodic biofilm, the cathodic biofilm has high stability subjected to temperature shift in the aspect of cathode potentials, redox activities, and internal resistances. The maximum power density was reduced linearly with temperature at a rate of 1.1 W/m3 °C. The bacterial community at 7 °C cathodic biofilm was dominated by four phyla including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes with percentages of 81.7%, 8.9%, 3.3% and 1.3%, and the predominant genera were affiliated with Azoarcus sp. (56.45%), Acidovorax sp. (7.32%), Rhodococcus sp. (5.02%), Halomonas sp. (2.6%). The most vigorous metabolism of cathodic biofilm at low temperature was proposed to be biosynthesis and energy generation. The cathodic biofilm has resilient microbial community to temperature challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Feng Su
- School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; College of Technology and Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cao L, Ma Y, Deng D, Jiang H, Wang J, Liu Y. Electricity production of microbial fuel cells by degrading cellulose coupling with Cr(VI) removal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 391:122184. [PMID: 32092674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A facultative exoelectrogen strain Lsc-8 belonging to the Cellulomonas genus with the ability to degrade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) coupled with the reduction of Cr(VI), was successfully isolated from rumen content. The maximum output power density of the microbial fuel cells (MFCs) inoculated strain Lsc-8 was 9.56 ± 0.37 mW·m-2 with CMC as the sole carbon source. From the biomass analysis it can be seen that the electricity generation of the MFCs was primarily attributed to the planktonic cells of strain Lsc-8 rather than the biofilm attached on the electrode, which was different from Geobacter sulfurreducens. Especially, during electricity generation of the MFCs using CMC as carbon source in the anode chamber, the Cr(VI) reduction were simultaneously realized. And it is also found that the Cr(VI) reduction ratio by strain Lsc-8 is directly related to the initial Cr(VI) concentration, and it increased with the increase of initial Cr(VI) concentration at first, then started to decrease when the Cr(VI) concentration was above 21 mg ·L-1. Meanwhile, the highest output power density of 3.47 ± 0.28 mW·m-2 was observed coupling with 95.22 ± 2.72 % of Cr(VI) reduction. These data suggested that the strain Lsc-8 could reduce high toxicity Cr(VI) to low toxicity Cr(III) coupled with electricity generation in MFCs with CMC as the carbon source. Our results also suggested that this study will provide a possibility to simultaneously degrade Cr(VI) and generate electricity by using cellulose as the carbon source via MFCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianbin Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Yamei Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Dandan Deng
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, No. 55 Pingyuan Road, Shangqiu, Henan Province, 476000, PR China
| | - Huichun Jiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Xiang LJ, Dai L, Guo KX, Wen ZH, Ci SQ, Li JH. Microbial electrolysis cells for hydrogen production. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2005075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-juan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Ling Dai
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Ke-xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Zhen-hai Wen
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Su-qin Ci
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jing-hong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Su S, Zhang Y, Hu W, Zhang X, Ju D, Jia C, Liu J. Efficient and synergistic decolourization and nitrate removal using a single-chamber with a coupled biocathode-photoanode system. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 132:107439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
45
|
Hao S, Sun X, Zhang H, Zhai J, Dong S. Recent development of biofuel cell based self-powered biosensors. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:3393-3407. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02428j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BFC-based SPBs have been used as power sources for other devices and as sensors for detecting toxicity and BOM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Xiaoxuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Junfeng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Shaojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Electron transfer mechanisms, characteristics and applications of biological cathode microbial fuel cells – A mini review. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
47
|
Gul MM, Ahmad KS. Bioelectrochemical systems: Sustainable bio-energy powerhouses. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
48
|
Zhang T, Hu L, Zhang M, Jiang M, Fiedler H, Bai W, Wang X, Zhang D, Li Z. Cr(VI) removal from soils and groundwater using an integrated adsorption and microbial fuel cell (A-MFC) technology. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1399-1405. [PMID: 31260939 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] has been widely studied for its high mobility and toxicity. As Cr(VI) migrates in natural environment, both soils and groundwater are contaminated simultaneously. In the present study, a novel reactor combining adsorption and microbial fuel cell (A-MFC) using Platanus acerifolia leaves was developed for removing Cr(VI) from groundwater and soils. When initial Cr(VI) concentration was 50 mg/L, the adsorption efficiency of A-MFC achieved 98% after 16 h. Afterwards, the leaves were used for fabricating an MFC-integrated leaching reactor. The A-MFC significantly improved the overall Cr(VI) removal efficiency through leaching and 40% of Cr(VI) in the soil column was removed. The electrical voltage and current of A-MFC reactor achieved averagely 343 mV and 141 μA to maintain the system operation without extra energy supply. This novel A-MFC reactor is an environmentally friendly technology which achieved efficient Cr(VI) removal from groundwater and soils using natural materials, proving the concept that integrated self-remediation of Cr(VI) in contaminated soil and groundwater with natural material and energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyang Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Minglu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyun Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Heidelore Fiedler
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Orebro University, Orebro, SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Wenrong Bai
- Beijing North Canal Management Division, Beijing, 101100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zetang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Noori MT, Ghangrekar MM, Mukherjee CK, Min B. Biofouling effects on the performance of microbial fuel cells and recent advances in biotechnological and chemical strategies for mitigation. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107420. [PMID: 31344446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of biofouling in MFC can cause severe problems such as hindering proton transfer and increasing the ohmic and charge transfer resistance of cathodes, which results in a rapid decline in performance of MFC. This is one of the main reasons why scaling-up of MFCs has not yet been successfully accomplished. The present review article is a wide-ranging attempt to provide insights to the biofouling mechanisms on surfaces of MFC, mainly on proton exchange membranes and cathodes, and their effects on performance of MFC based on theoretical and practical evidence. Various biofouling mitigation techniques for membranes are discussed, including preparation of antifouling composite membranes, modification of the physical and chemical properties of existing membranes, and coating with antifouling agents. For cathodes of MFC, use of Ag nanoparticles, Ag-based composite nanoparticles, and antifouling chemicals is outlined in considerable detail. Finally, prospective techniques for mitigation of biofouling are discussed, which have not been given much previous attention in the field of MFC research. This article will help to enhance understanding of the severity of biofouling issues in MFCs and provides up-to-date solutions. It will be beneficial for scientific communities for further strengthening MFC research and will also help in progressing this cutting-edge technology to scale-up, using the most efficient methods as described here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md T Noori
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - M M Ghangrekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - C K Mukherjee
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kakarla R, Min B. Sustainable electricity generation and ammonium removal by microbial fuel cell with a microalgae assisted cathode at various environmental conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 284:161-167. [PMID: 30933824 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Power generation and nutrient removal by a microbial fuel cell assisted with an algae growth in cathode chamber were evaluated along with continuous measurements of dissolved oxygen (DO) at various light and temperature conditions. Under light/dark regime of 18/6 hrs, a sustainable voltage of 0.31 V was observed with sufficient DO in the dark period. However, maximum NH4+-N removal rate (22.7 mg/L.d) and removal percentage (95.5%) was observed with 12/12 light/dark regime. Voltage and nitrogen removal increased with higher photon flux density up to 92 µE m-2 s-1, and the highest 0.35 V voltage and NH4+-N removal rate of 26.5 mg/L.d were obtained. A higher temperature condition was favorable to improve the performance of algae cathode MFCs, but no substantial influence was observed relatively (19-35 °C). This study suggests that algae-cathode MFCs could continuously generate sustainable power with nutrient removal at optimum light and temperature conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kakarla
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-dong, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-dong, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|