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Rupar J, Dobričić V, Brborić J, Čudina O, Aleksić MM. Square wave voltammetric study of interaction between 9-acridinyl amino acid derivatives and DNA. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 149:108323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bunea MC, Diculescu VC, Enculescu M, Iovu H, Enache TA. Redox Mechanism of Azathioprine and Its Interaction with DNA. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136805. [PMID: 34202734 PMCID: PMC8268956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical behavior and the interaction of the immunosuppressive drug azathioprine (AZA) with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were investigated using voltammetric techniques, mass spectrometry (MS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The redox mechanism of AZA on glassy carbon (GC) was investigated using cyclic and differential pulse (DP) voltammetry. It was proven that the electroactive center of AZA is the nitro group and its reduction mechanism is a diffusion-controlled process, which occurs in consecutive steps with formation of electroactive products and involves the transfer of electrons and protons. A redox mechanism was proposed and the interaction of AZA with DNA was also investigated. Morphological characterization of the DNA film on the electrode surface before and after interaction with AZA was performed using scanning electron microscopy. An electrochemical DNA biosensor was employed to study the interactions between AZA and DNA with different concentrations, incubation times, and applied potential values. It was shown that the reduction of AZA molecules bound to the DNA layer induces structural changes of the DNA double strands and oxidative damage, which were recognized through the occurrence of the 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine oxidation peak. Mass spectrometry investigation of the DNA film before and after interaction with AZA also demonstrated the formation of AZA adducts with purine bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela-Cristina Bunea
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials and Structures, National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.-C.B.); (V.-C.D.); (M.E.)
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Victor-Constantin Diculescu
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials and Structures, National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.-C.B.); (V.-C.D.); (M.E.)
| | - Monica Enculescu
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials and Structures, National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.-C.B.); (V.-C.D.); (M.E.)
| | - Horia Iovu
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Teodor Adrian Enache
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials and Structures, National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.-C.B.); (V.-C.D.); (M.E.)
- Correspondence:
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Raja IS, Vedhanayagam M, Preeth DR, Kim C, Lee JH, Han DW. Development of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials Based Electrochemical Biosensors on Enhancing the Analysis of Food Toxicants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3277. [PMID: 33806998 PMCID: PMC8005143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, food safety has become a topic of debate as the foodborne diseases triggered by chemical and biological contaminants affect human health and the food industry's profits. Though conventional analytical instrumentation-based food sensors are available, the consumers did not appreciate them because of the drawbacks of complexity, greater number of analysis steps, expensive enzymes, and lack of portability. Hence, designing easy-to-use tests for the rapid analysis of food contaminants has become essential in the food industry. Under this context, electrochemical biosensors have received attention among researchers as they bear the advantages of operational simplicity, portability, stability, easy miniaturization, and low cost. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have a larger surface area to volume compared to other dimensional nanomaterials. Hence, researchers nowadays are inclined to develop 2D nanomaterials-based electrochemical biosensors to significantly improve the sensor's sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility while measuring the food toxicants. In the present review, we compile the contribution of 2D nanomaterials in electrochemical biosensors to test the food toxicants and discuss the future directions in the field. Further, we describe the types of food toxicity, methodologies quantifying food analytes, how the electrochemical food sensor works, and the general biomedical properties of 2D nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Desingh Raj Preeth
- Chemical Biology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, MIT Campus, Chromepet, Chennai 600 044, India;
| | - Chuntae Kim
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (I.S.R.); (C.K.)
| | - Jong Hun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Han
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (I.S.R.); (C.K.)
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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DNA Electrochemical Biosensors for In Situ Probing of Pharmaceutical Drug Oxidative DNA Damage. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21041125. [PMID: 33562790 PMCID: PMC7915242 DOI: 10.3390/s21041125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) electrochemical biosensors are devices that incorporate immobilized DNA as a molecular recognition element on the electrode surface, and enable probing in situ the oxidative DNA damage. A wide range of DNA electrochemical biosensor analytical and biotechnological applications in pharmacology are foreseen, due to their ability to determine in situ and in real-time the DNA interaction mechanisms with pharmaceutical drugs, as well as with their degradation products, redox reaction products, and metabolites, and due to their capacity to achieve quantitative electroanalytical evaluation of the drugs, with high sensitivity, short time of analysis, and low cost. This review presents the design and applications of label-free DNA electrochemical biosensors that use DNA direct electrochemical oxidation to detect oxidative DNA damage. The DNA electrochemical biosensor development, from the viewpoint of electrochemical and atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization, and the bottom-up immobilization of DNA nanostructures at the electrode surface, are described. Applications of DNA electrochemical biosensors that enable the label-free detection of DNA interactions with pharmaceutical compounds, such as acridine derivatives, alkaloids, alkylating agents, alkylphosphocholines, antibiotics, antimetabolites, kinase inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, metal complexes, nucleoside analogs, and phenolic compounds, which can be used in drug analysis and drug discovery, and may lead to future screening systems, are reviewed.
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Rupar J, Aleksić MM, Dobričić V, Brborić J, Čudina O. An electrochemical study of 9-chloroacridine redox behavior and its interaction with double-stranded DNA. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 135:107579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Vogiazi V, de la Cruz A, Mishra S, Shanov V, Heineman WR, Dionysiou DD. A Comprehensive Review: Development of Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Cyanotoxins in Freshwater. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1151-1173. [PMID: 31056912 PMCID: PMC6625642 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms are increasing in frequency and cyanotoxins have become an environmental and public concern in the U.S. and worldwide. In this Review, the majority of reported studies and developments of electrochemical affinity biosensors for cyanotoxins are critically reviewed and discussed. Essential background information about cyanobacterial toxins and electrochemical biosensors is combined with the rapidly moving development of electrochemical biosensors for these toxins. Current issues and future challenges for the development of useful electrochemical biosensors for cyanotoxin detection that meet the demands for applications in field freshwater samples are discussed. The major aspects of the entire review article in a prescribed sequence include (i) the state-of-the-art knowledge of the toxicity of cyanotoxins, (ii) important harmful algal bloom events, (iii) advisories, guidelines, and regulations, (iv) conventional analytical methods for determination of cyanotoxins, (v) electrochemical transduction, (vi) recognition receptors, (vii) reported electrochemical biosensors for cyanotoxins, (viii) summary of analytical performance, and (ix) recent advances and future trends. Discussion includes electrochemical techniques and devices, biomolecules with high affinity, numerous array designs, various detection approaches, and research strategies in tailoring the properties of the transducer-biomolecule interface. Scientific and engineering aspects are presented in depth. This review aims to serve as a valuable source to scientists and engineers entering the interdisciplinary field of electrochemical biosensors for detection of cyanotoxins in freshwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileia Vogiazi
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (ChEE) , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio 45221 , United States
| | - Armah de la Cruz
- Office of Research and Development , US Environmental Protection Agency , Cincinnati , Ohio 45220 , United States
| | - Siddharth Mishra
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati 45221 , Ohio United States
| | - Vesselin Shanov
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (ChEE) , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio 45221 , United States
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati 45221 , Ohio United States
| | - William R Heineman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio 45221 , United States
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (ChEE) , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio 45221 , United States
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Oliveira R, Amaro F, Azevedo M, Vale N, Gonçalves H, Antunes C, Rego R. New voltammetric and spectroscopic studies to quinacrine-DNA-Cdots interaction. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Construction of electrochemical DNA biosensors for investigation of potential risk chemical and physical agents. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-2012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Using fluorescence immunochromatographic test strips based on quantum dots for the rapid and sensitive determination of microcystin-LR. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2213-2220. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Chiorcea-Paquim AM, Oliveira SCB, Diculescu VC, Oliveira-Brett AM. Applications of DNA-Electrochemical Biosensors in Cancer Research. PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE CHALLENGES OF BIOSENSORS AND BIOANALYTICAL TOOLS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY: A TRIBUTE TO PROFESSOR MARCO MASCINI 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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Diculescu VC, Chiorcea-Paquim AM, Oliveira-Brett AM. Applications of a DNA-electrochemical biosensor. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Neto SY, Viégas HDC, Almeida JMS, Cavalheiro ETG, Araújo AS, Marques EP, Marques ALB. Electrode Based on Nickel-containing SBA-15 for the Determination of Copper in Ethanol Biofuel. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tormin TF, Oliveira GKF, Richter EM, Munoz RAA. Voltammetric Determination of Pb, Cu and Hg in Biodiesel Using Gold Screen-printed Electrode: Comparison of Batch-injection Analysis with Conventional Electrochemical Systems. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201501012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ribeiro JA, Pereira CM, Silva F. Electrochemistry of the Interaction between Bioactive Drugs Daunorubicin and Dopamine and DNA at a Water/Oil Interface. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Tomé LI, Marques NV, Diculescu VC, Oliveira-Brett AM. In situ dsDNA-bevacizumab anticancer monoclonal antibody interaction electrochemical evaluation. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 898:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Liu M, Yu J, Ding X, Zhao G. Photoelectrochemical Aptasensor for the Sensitive Detection of Microcystin-LR Based on Graphene Functionalized Vertically-aligned TiO2Nanotubes. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Almeida ES, Richter EM, Munoz RAA. Voltammetric Lead Determination in Aviation Fuel Samples Using a Screen-Printed Gold Electrode and Batch-Injection Analysis. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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McWilliams MA, Bhui R, Taylor DW, Slinker JD. The Electronic Influence of Abasic Sites in DNA. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11150-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. McWilliams
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., PHY 36, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Rita Bhui
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., PHY 36, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - David W. Taylor
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., PHY 36, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Jason D. Slinker
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., PHY 36, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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Shishov AY, Nikolaeva LS, Moskvin LN, Bulatov AV. Fully automated spectrophotometric procedure for simultaneous determination of calcium and magnesium in biodiesel. Talanta 2015; 135:133-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Saciloto TR, Cervini P, Cavalheiro ÉTG. Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Zn(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), and Hg(II) in Ethanol Fuel Using an Organofunctionalized Modified Graphite-Polyurethane Composite Disposable Screen-Printed Device. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Silva JJ, Paim LL, Stradiotto NR. Simultaneous Determination of Iron and Copper in Ethanol Fuel Using Nafion/Carbon Nanotubes Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Almeida ES, Richter EM, Munoz RAA. On-site fuel electroanalysis: determination of lead, copper and mercury in fuel bioethanol by anodic stripping voltammetry using screen-printed gold electrodes. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 837:38-43. [PMID: 25000856 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The potential application of commercial screen-printed gold electrodes (SPGEs) for the trace determination of lead, copper, and mercury in fuel bioethanol is demonstrated. Samples were simply diluted in 0.067 mol L(-1) HCl solution prior to square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) measurements recorded with a portable potentiostat. The proposed method presented a low detection limit (<2 μg L(-1)) for a 240 s deposition time, linear range between 5 and 300 μg L(-1), and adequate recovery values (96-104%) for spiked samples. This analytical method shows great promise for on-site trace metal determination in fuel bioethanol once there is no requirement for sample treatment or electrode modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo S Almeida
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Richter
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A A Munoz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Santos AL, Takeuchi RM, Muñoz RAA, Angnes L, Stradiotto NR. Electrochemical Determination of Organic Compounds in Automotive Fuels. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sinha R, Pearson LA, Davis TW, Muenchhoff J, Pratama R, Jex A, Burford MA, Neilan BA. Comparative genomics of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii strains with differential toxicities. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:83. [PMID: 24476316 PMCID: PMC3922686 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is an invasive filamentous freshwater cyanobacterium, some strains of which produce toxins. Sporadic toxicity may be the result of gene deletion events, the horizontal transfer of toxin biosynthesis gene clusters, or other genomic variables, yet the evolutionary drivers for cyanotoxin production remain a mystery. Through examining the genomes of toxic and non-toxic strains of C. raciborskii, we hoped to gain a better understanding of the degree of similarity between these strains of common geographical origin, and what the primary differences between these strains might be. Additionally, we hoped to ascertain why some cyanobacteria possess the cylindrospermopsin biosynthesis (cyr) gene cluster and produce toxin, while others do not. It has been hypothesised that toxicity or lack thereof might confer a selective advantage to cyanobacteria under certain environmental conditions. RESULTS In order to examine the fundamental differences between toxic and non-toxic C. raciborskii strains, we sequenced the genomes of two closely related isolates, CS-506 (CYN+) and CS-509 (CYN-) sourced from different lakes in tropical Queensland, Australia. These genomes were then compared to a third (reference) genome from C. raciborskii CS-505 (CYN+). Genome sizes were similar across all three strains and their G + C contents were almost identical. At least 2,767 genes were shared among all three strains, including the taxonomically important rpoc1, ssuRNA, lsuRNA, cpcA, cpcB, nifB and nifH, which exhibited 99.8-100% nucleotide identity. Strains CS-506 and CS-509 contained at least 176 and 101 strain-specific (or non-homologous) genes, respectively, most of which were associated with DNA repair and modification, nutrient uptake and transport, or adaptive measures such as osmoregulation. However, the only significant genetic difference observed between the two strains was the presence or absence of the cylindrospermopsin biosynthesis gene cluster. Interestingly, we also identified a cryptic secondary metabolite gene cluster in strain CS-509 (CYN-) and a second cryptic cluster common to CS-509 and the reference strain, CS-505 (CYN+). CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that the most important factor contributing to toxicity in C. raciborskii is the presence or absence of the cyr gene cluster. We did not identify any other distally encoded genes or gene clusters that correlate with CYN production. The fact that the additional genomic differences between toxic and non-toxic strains were primarily associated with stress and adaptation genes suggests that CYN production may be linked to these physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rati Sinha
- School of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leanne A Pearson
- School of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy W Davis
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 4111 Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julia Muenchhoff
- School of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryanbi Pratama
- School of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aaron Jex
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 4111 Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brett A Neilan
- School of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, NSW, Australia
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C. Lopes I, Oliveira SCB, Oliveira-Brett AM. In situ electrochemical evaluation of anticancer drug temozolomide and its metabolites–DNA interaction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:3783-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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