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Naryzny SN, Legina OK. Haptoglobin as a Biomarker. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) SUPPLEMENT. SERIES B, BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 15:184-198. [PMID: 34422226 PMCID: PMC8365284 DOI: 10.1134/s1990750821030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) is a glycoprotein that binds free hemoglobin (Hb) in plasma and plays a critical role in tissue protection and prevention of oxidative damage. Besides, it has some regulatory functions. Haptoglobin is an acute-phase protein, its concentration in plasma changes in pathology, and the test for its concentration is part of normal clinical practice. Haptoglobin is a conservative protein synthesized mainly in the liver and lungs and is the subject of research as a potential biomarker of many diseases, including various forms of malignant neoplasms. Haptoglobin has several unique biophysical characteristics. The human Нр gene is polymorphic, has three structural alleles that control the synthesis of three major phenotypes of haptoglobin: homozygous Нр1-1 and Нр2-2, and heterozygous Нр2-1, determined by a combination of allelic variants that are inherited. Numerous studies indicate that the phenotype of haptoglobin can be used to judge the individual predisposition of a person to various diseases. In addition, Hp undergoes various post-translational modifications (PTMs). These are structural transformations (removal of the signal peptide, cutting off the Pre-Hp precursor molecule into two subunits, α and β, limited proteolysis of α-chains, formation of disulfide bonds, multimerization), as well as chemical modifications of α-chains and glycosylation of the β-chain. Glycosylation of the β-chain of haptoglobin at four Asn sites is the most important variable PTM that regulates the structure and function of the glycoprotein. The study of modified oligosaccharides of the β-chain of Hp has become the main direction in the study of pathological processes, including malignant neoplasms. These characteristics indicate the possibility of the existence of Hp in the form of a multitude of proteoforms, probably performing different functions. This review is devoted to the description of the structural and functional diversity and the potential use of Hp as a biomarker of various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. N. Naryzny
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, ul. Pogodinskaya 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- St-Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI) NRC Kurchatov Institute, Orlova Roshcha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Leningrad oblast Russia
| | - O. K. Legina
- St-Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI) NRC Kurchatov Institute, Orlova Roshcha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Leningrad oblast Russia
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Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) is a blood plasma glycoprotein that binds free hemoglobin (Hb) and plays a critical role in tissue protection and the prevention of oxidative damage. In addition, it has a number of regulatory functions. Haptoglobin is an acute phase protein, its concentration in plasma changes in pathology, and the test for its concentration is part of normal clinical practice. Haptoglobin is a conservative protein synthesized mainly in the liver and lungs and is the subject of research as a potential biomarker of many diseases, including various forms of malignant neoplasms. Haptoglobin has several unique biophysical characteristics. Only in humans, the Hp gene is polymorphic, has three structural alleles that control the synthesis of three major phenotypes of Hp, homozygous Hp1-1 and Hp2-2, and heterozygous Hp2-1, determined by a combination of allelic variants that are inherited. Numerous studies indicate that the phenotype of haptoglobin can be used to judge the individual's predisposition to various diseases. In addition, Hp undergoes various post-translational modifications (PTMs). These are structural transformations (removal of the signal peptide, cutting of the Pre-Hp precursor molecule into two subunits, α and β, limited proteolysis of α-chains, formation of disulfide bonds, multimerization), as well as chemical modifications of α-chains and glycosylation of the β-chain. Glycosylation of the β-chain of haptoglobin at four Asn sites is the most important variable PTM that regulates the structure and function of the glycoprotein. The study of modified oligosaccharides of the Hp β-chain has become the main direction in the study of pathological processes, including malignant neoplasms. Many studies are focused on the identification of PTM and changes in the level of the α2-chain of this protein in pathology. These characteristics of Hp indicate the possibility of the existence of this protein as different proteoforms, probably with different functions. This review is devoted to the description of the structural and functional diversity of Hp and its potential use as a biomarker of various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Naryzhny
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics B.P. Konstantinova National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
| | - O K Legina
- Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics B.P. Konstantinova National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
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Rahim MAA, Rahim ZHA, Ahmad WAWAN, Bakri MM, Ismail MD, Hashim OH. Inverse changes in plasma tetranectin and titin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a potential predictor of acute myocardial infarction? Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1197-1207. [PMID: 29417940 PMCID: PMC6289394 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An early intervention using biomarkers to predict acute myocardial infarction (AMI) will effectively reduce global heart attack incidence, particularly among high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study attempted to identify potential biomarkers by detecting changes in the levels of plasma proteins in T2DM patients following onset of AMI in comparison with those without AMI. Volunteer T2DM patients without AMI (control; n=10) and T2DM patients with AMI (n=10) were recruited. Plasma samples from these patients were evaluated via two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) to screen for proteins with level changes between the two groups. The abundance of spots on gel images was analyzed using Progenesis SameSpots and subjected to false discovery rate (FDR) analysis. Protein spots with statistically significant changes of at least 1.5 fold were selected for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Due to strong cardiac connections, tetranectin and titin were evaluated by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The adjusted P-values and fold changes between the two groups resulted in identification of 34 protein spots with significantly altered abundance. Upon MS analysis, 17 plasma proteins were identified: tetranectin, titin, clusterin, haptoglobin, myosin-13, zinc fnger protein 445, DNA repair protein RAD50, serum albumin, apolipoprotein A-IV, caspase-6, aminoacyl tRNA synthase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 1, serotransferrin, retinol-binding protein 4, transthyretin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, apolipoprotein A-I and serum amyloid A. Comparable patterns of changes in tetranectin and titin between the control and AMI groups were confirmed using ELISA. In summary, tetranectin and titin in plasma appeared to be closely associated with the onset of AMI among T2DM patients and can be used as potential biomarkers for prediction of a cardiac event, though this requires validation in a prospective cohort study.
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Morris MK, Clarke DC, Osimiri LC, Lauffenburger DA. Systematic Analysis of Quantitative Logic Model Ensembles Predicts Drug Combination Effects on Cell Signaling Networks. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2016; 5:544-553. [PMID: 27567007 PMCID: PMC5080650 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in developing anticancer therapies is determining the efficacies of drugs and their combinations in physiologically relevant microenvironments. We describe here our application of "constrained fuzzy logic" (CFL) ensemble modeling of the intracellular signaling network for predicting inhibitor treatments that reduce the phospho-levels of key transcription factors downstream of growth factors and inflammatory cytokines representative of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironments. We observed that the CFL models successfully predicted the effects of several kinase inhibitor combinations. Furthermore, the ensemble predictions revealed ambiguous predictions that could be traced to a specific structural feature of these models, which we resolved with dedicated experiments, finding that IL-1α activates downstream signals through TAK1 and not MEKK1 in HepG2 cells. We conclude that CFL-Q2LM (Querying Quantitative Logic Models) is a promising approach for predicting effective anticancer drug combinations in cancer-relevant microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Morris
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D C Clarke
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - L C Osimiri
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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Wan-Ibrahim WI, Ashrafzadeh A, Singh VA, Hashim OH, Abdul-Rahman PS. Contrasting increased levels of serum amyloid A in patients with three different bone sarcomas: An indicator of tumor malignancy? Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2328-37. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Izlina Wan-Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Ali Ashrafzadeh
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Vivek Ajit Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Onn Haji Hashim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre of Proteomics Research (UMCPR); University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Puteri Shafinaz Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre of Proteomics Research (UMCPR); University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Naryzhny SN, Zgoda VG, Maynskova MA, Novikova SE, Ronzhina NL, Vakhrushev IV, Khryapova EV, Lisitsa AV, Tikhonova OV, Ponomarenko EA, Archakov AI. Combination of virtual and experimental 2DE together with ESI LC-MS/MS gives a clearer view about proteomes of human cells and plasma. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:302-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav N. Naryzhny
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Moscow Russia
- B.P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute; National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute,"; Gatchina, Leningrad district Russia
| | - Victor G. Zgoda
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Maria A. Maynskova
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Svetlana E. Novikova
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Natalia L. Ronzhina
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Igor V. Vakhrushev
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Elena V. Khryapova
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Andrey V. Lisitsa
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Olga V. Tikhonova
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Elena A. Ponomarenko
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Alexander I. Archakov
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Moscow Russia
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Jauchem JR, Cerna CZ, Lim TY, Seaman RL. Exposures of Sus scrofa to a TASER(®) conducted electrical weapon: no effects on 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis patterns of plasma proteins. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2014; 10:526-34. [PMID: 25319243 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-014-9606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In an earlier study, we found significant changes in red-blood-cell, leukocyte, and platelet counts, and in red-blood-cell membrane proteins, following exposures of anesthetized pigs to a conducted electrical weapon. In the current study, we examined potential changes in plasma proteins [analyzed via two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE)] following two 30 s exposures of anesthetized pigs (Sus scrofa) to a TASER (®) C2 conducted electrical weapon. Patterns of proteins, separated by 2-DGE, were consistent and reproducible between animals and between times of sampling. We determined that the blood plasma collection, handling, storage, and processing techniques we used are suitable for swine blood. There were no statistically significant changes in plasma proteins following the conducted-electrical-weapon exposures. Overall gel patterns of fibrinogen were similar to results of other studies of both pigs and humans (in control settings, not exposed to conducted electrical weapons). The lack of significant changes in plasma proteins may be added to the body of evidence regarding relative safety of TASER C2 device exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Jauchem
- Bio-Effects Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, US Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 HPW/RHDR, 4141 Petroleum Road, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA,
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Trifonova O, Larina I, Grigoriev A, Lisitsa A, Moshkovskii S, Archakov A. Application of 2-DE for studying the variation of blood proteome. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 7:431-8. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Subclinical inflammatory status in Rett syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:480980. [PMID: 24511209 PMCID: PMC3913335 DOI: 10.1155/2014/480980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been advocated as a possible common central mechanism for developmental cognitive impairment. Rett syndrome (RTT) is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder, mainly caused by de novo loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding MeCP2. Here, we investigated plasma acute phase response (APR) in stage II (i.e., “pseudo-autistic”) RTT patients by routine haematology/clinical chemistry and proteomic 2-DE/MALDI-TOF analyses as a function of four major MECP2 gene mutation types (R306C, T158M, R168X, and large deletions). Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate values (median 33.0 mm/h versus 8.0 mm/h, P < 0.0001) were detectable in RTT, whereas C-reactive protein levels were unchanged (P = 0.63). The 2-DE analysis identified significant changes for a total of 17 proteins, the majority of which were categorized as APR proteins, either positive (n = 6 spots) or negative (n = 9 spots), and to a lesser extent as proteins involved in the immune system (n = 2 spots), with some proteins having overlapping functions on metabolism (n = 7 spots). The number of protein changes was proportional to the severity of the mutation. Our findings reveal for the first time the presence of a subclinical chronic inflammatory status related to the “pseudo-autistic” phase of RTT, which is related to the severity carried by the MECP2 gene mutation.
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Gangadharan B, Antrobus R, Chittenden D, Rossa J, Bapat M, Klenerman P, Barnes E, Dwek RA, Zitzmann N. New approaches for biomarker discovery: the search for liver fibrosis markers in hepatitis C patients. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:2643-50. [PMID: 21410221 PMCID: PMC3089987 DOI: 10.1021/pr101077c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite many shortcomings, liver biopsy is regarded as the gold standard for assessing liver fibrosis. A less invasive and equally or more reliable approach would constitute a major advancement in the field. Proteomics can aid discovery of novel serological markers and these proteins can be measured in patient blood. A major challenge of discovering biomarkers in serum is the presence of highly abundant serum proteins, which restricts the levels of total protein loaded onto gels and limits the detection of low abundance features. To overcome this problem, we used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) over a narrow pH 3-5.6 range since this lies outside the range of highly abundant albumin, transferrin and immunoglobulins. In addition, we used in-solution isoelectric focusing followed by SDS-PAGE to find biomarkers in hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis. Using the pH 3-5.6 range for 2-DE, we achieved improved representation of low abundance features and enhanced separation. We found in-solution isoelectric focusing to be beneficial for analyzing basic, high molecular weight proteins. Using this method, the beta chains of both complement C3 and C4 were found to decrease in serum from hepatitis C patients with cirrhosis, a change not observed previously by 2-DE. We present two proteomics approaches that can aid in the discovery of clinical biomarkers in various diseases and discuss how these approaches have helped to identify 23 novel biomarkers for hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bevin Gangadharan
- Oxford Antiviral Drug Discovery Unit, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.
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Collection of in vivo-like liver cell secretome with alternative sample enrichment method using a hollow fiber bioreactor culture system combined with tangential flow filtration for secretomics analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 684:72-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Osiri JK, Shadpour H, Witek MA, Soper SA. Integrated multifunctional microfluidics for automated proteome analyses. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011; 304:261-94. [PMID: 21678138 DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics is a challenging field for realizing totally integrated microfluidic systems for complete proteome processing due to several considerations, including the sheer number of different protein types that exist within most proteomes, the large dynamic range associated with these various protein types, and the diverse chemical nature of the proteins comprising a typical proteome. For example, the human proteome is estimated to have >10(6) different components with a dynamic range of >10(10). The typical processing pipeline for proteomics involves the following steps: (1) selection and/or extraction of the particular proteins to be analyzed; (2) multidimensional separation; (3) proteolytic digestion of the protein sample; and (4) mass spectral identification of either intact proteins (top-down proteomics) or peptide fragments generated from proteolytic digestions (bottom-up proteomics). Although a number of intriguing microfluidic devices have been designed, fabricated and evaluated for carrying out the individual processing steps listed above, work toward building fully integrated microfluidic systems for protein analysis has yet to be realized. In this chapter, information will be provided on the nature of proteomic analysis in terms of the challenges associated with the sample type and the microfluidic devices that have been tested to carry out individual processing steps. These include devices such as those for multidimensional electrophoretic separations, solid-phase enzymatic digestions, and solid-phase extractions, all of which have used microfluidics as the functional platform for their implementation. This will be followed by an in-depth review of microfluidic systems, which are defined as units possessing two or more devices assembled into autonomous systems for proteome processing. In addition, information will be provided on the challenges involved in integrating processing steps into a functional system and the approaches adopted for device integration. In this chapter, we will focus exclusively on the front-end processing microfluidic devices and systems for proteome processing, and not on the interface technology of these platforms to mass spectrometry due to the extensive reviews that already exist on these types of interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Osiri
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70817, USA
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Seriramalu R, Pang WW, Jayapalan JJ, Mohamed E, Abdul-Rahman PS, Bustam AZ, Khoo ASB, Hashim OH. Application of champedak mannose-binding lectin in the glycoproteomic profiling of serum samples unmasks reduced expression of alpha-2 macroglobulin and complement factor B in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2388-95. [PMID: 20575108 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of lectin affinity chromatography prior to 2-DE separation forms an alternative method to unmask the expression of targeted glycoproteins of lower abundance in serum samples. Reduced expression of alpha-2 macroglobulin (AMG) and complement factor B (CFB) was detected in sera of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) when pooled serum samples of the patients and those of healthy individuals were subjected to affinity isolation using immobilized champedak mannose-binding lectin and analyzed by 2-DE and densitometry. The AMG and CFB spots were not detected in the 2-DE protein profiles when the same pooled serum samples were subjected to albumin and IgG depletion and neither were they detected when the depleted samples were analyzed by western blotting and lectin detection. Together with other acute-phase response proteins that were previously reported to be altered in expression in NPC patients, AMG and CFB may serve as useful complementary biomarkers for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramarao Seriramalu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Stauffer BL, Kushner EJ, Wulfman T, Zeller T, Sobus R, Westby CM. Transcriptional regulation of beta2-microglobulin demonstrated via a novel genomic and proteomic analysis of percutaneously collected peripheral atheroma. Clin Transl Sci 2010; 1:240-4. [PMID: 20443854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2008.00071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Stauffer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA.
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Røtterud R, Malmström PU, Wahlqvist R, Taskén KA. The star chart to Ta bladder cancer: an unsophisticated analysis of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis proteome maps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 44:76-83. [PMID: 20059407 DOI: 10.3109/00365590903510729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) for analysing the proteome of clinically relevant tissue samples such as biopsies from transurethral resections of the bladder (TURB), by generating a Ta proteome map, possibly identifying technical or biological artefacts, and searching for biological subgroups associated with clinical data. MATERIAL AND METHODS Biopsies from 23 patients were homogenized and the protein content was separated by 2DE. The gels were silver stained and scanned, and the resulting pictures were analysed for similarities in the spot pattern. RESULTS A majority of 18 patients displayed a consistent protein expression profile and a Ta proteome map was constructed by averaging the grey value of each pixel in all 18 pictures. Spot detection was performed on a project proteome map (based on all 23 samples) and resulted in 1583 detected spots. 416 of these which were positively detected in all 18 "Ta-map" samples. Three patients displayed a pattern with some marked alterations to the majority profile, possibly artefacts of yet unknown heredity. One patient revealed a protein pattern deemed to constitute a separate group, later revealed as a blinded control from a T4 tumour. Only one sample was sparse in protein spots, probably containing mostly blood owing to inadequate sampling. No biological subgroups associated with clinical data were identified. CONCLUSIONS A Ta proteome map was successfully created from TURB samples. Deviating protein expression profiles were identified, indicating a future potential to reveal biologically relevant subgroups in this or other stages of urothelial cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranveig Røtterud
- Oslo Urological University Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Oslo, Norway.
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Jungblut PR, Schiele F, Zimny-Arndt U, Ackermann R, Schmid M, Lange S, Stein R, Pleissner KP. Helicobacter pylori proteomics by 2-DE/MS, 1-DE-LC/MS and functional data mining. Proteomics 2010; 10:182-93. [PMID: 19941309 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With its predicted proteome of 1550 proteins (data set Etalon) Helicobacter pylori 26695 represents a perfect model system of medium complexity for investigating basic questions in proteomics. We analyzed urea-solubilized proteins by 2-DE/MS (data set 2-DE) and by 1-DE-LC/MS (Supprot); proteins insoluble in 9 M urea but solubilized by SDS (Pellet); proteins precipitating in the Sephadex layer at the application side of IEF (Sephadex) by 1-DE-LC/MS; and proteins precipitating close to the application side within the IEF gel by LC/MS (Startline). The experimental proteomics data of H. pylori comprising 567 proteins (protein coverage: 36.6%) were stored in the Proteome Database System for Microbial Research (http://www.mpiib-berlin.mpg.de/2D-PAGE/), which gives access to raw mass spectra (MALDI-TOF/TOF) in T2D format, as well as to text files of peak lists. For data mining the protein mapping and comparison tool PROMPT (http://webclu.bio.wzw.tum.de/prompt/) was used. The percentage of proteins with transmembrane regions, relative to all proteins detected, was 0, 0.2, 0, 0.5, 3.8 and 6.3% for 2-DE, Supprot, Startline, Sephadex, Pellet, and Etalon, respectively. 2-DE does not separate membrane proteins because they are insoluble in 9 M urea/70 mM DTT and 2% CHAPS. SDS solubilizes a considerable portion of the urea-insoluble proteins and makes them accessible for separation by SDS-PAGE and LC. The 2-DE/MS analysis with urea-solubilized proteins and the 1-DE-LC/MS analysis with the urea-insoluble protein fraction (Pellet) are complementary procedures in the pursuit of a complete proteome analysis. Access to the PROMPT-generated diagrams in the Proteome Database allows the mining of experimental data with respect to other functional aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Jungblut
- Core Facility Protein Analysis, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Lasso G, Matthiesen R. Computational methods for analysis of two-dimensional gels. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 593:231-62. [PMID: 19957153 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-194-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D gels) is an essential quantitative proteomics technique that is frequently used to study differences between samples of clinical relevance. Although considered to have a low throughput, 2D gels can separate thousands of proteins in one gel, making it a good complementary method to MS-based protein quantification. The main drawback of the technique is the tendency of large and hydrophobic proteins such as membrane proteins to precipitate in the isoelectric focusing step. Furthermore, tests using different programs with distinct algorithms for 2D-gel analysis have shown inconsistent ratio values. The aim here is therefore to provide a discussion of algorithms described for the analysis of 2D gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Lasso
- Bioinformatics, Parque Technológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
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Sarrats A, Saldova R, Pla E, Fort E, Harvey DJ, Struwe WB, de Llorens R, Rudd PM, Peracaula R. Glycosylation of liver acute-phase proteins in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2010; 4:432-48. [PMID: 21137062 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200900150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glycosylation of acute-phase proteins (APP), which is partially regulated by cytokines, may be distinct in disease and provide useful tumour markers. Thus, we have examined the glycosylation of major serum APP in pancreatic cancer (PaC), chronic pancreatitis (CP) and control patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using a specific anti-sialyl Lewis X antibody and N-glycan sequencing, we have determined glycosylation changes on α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), haptoglobin (HPT), fetuin (FET), α-1-antitrypsin (AT) and transferrin (TRF). RESULTS Increased levels of sialyl Lewis X (SLe(x) ) were detected on AGP in advanced PaC and CP and on HPT, FET, AT and TRF in CP. An increase in N-glycan branching was detected on AGP and HPT in the advanced stage of PaC and CP and on FET and TRF in the CP. A core fucosylated structure was increased on AGP and HPT only in the advanced PaC patients. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Changes in APP SLe(x) and branching are probably associated with an inflammatory response because they were detected in both advanced PaC and CP patients and these conditions give rise to inflammation. On the contrary, the increase in APP core fucosylation could be cancer associated and the presence of this glycoform may give an advantage to the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Sarrats
- Unitat de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Girona, Spain
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19
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Maurer MH. Proteomics of brain extracellular fluid (ECF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2010; 29:17-28. [PMID: 19116946 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has become the gold standard for the identification of proteins in proteomics. In this review, I will discuss the available literature on proteomic experiments that analyze human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain extracellular fluid (ECF), mostly obtained by cerebral microdialysis. Both materials are of high diagnostic value in clinical neurology, for example, in cerebrovascular disorders like stroke, neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), traumatic brain injury and cerebral infectious and inflammatory disease, such as multiple sclerosis. Moreover, there are standard procedures for sampling. In a number of studies in recent years, biomarkers have been proposed in CSF and ECF for improved diagnosis or to control therapy, based on proteomics and mass spectrometry. I will also discuss the needs for a transition of research-based experimental screening with mass spectrometry to fast and reliable diagnostic instrumentation for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Maurer
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Della Donna L, Ronci M, Sacchetta P, Di Ilio C, Biolatti B, Federici G, Nebbia C, Urbani A. A food safety control low mass-range proteomics platform for the detection of illicit treatments in veal calves by MALDI-TOF-MS serum profiling. Biotechnol J 2009; 4:1596-609. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200900085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Palma AS, De Carvalho M, Grammel N, Pinto S, Barata N, Conradt HS, Costa J. Proteomic analysis of plasma from Portuguese patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 9:339-49. [PMID: 18608108 DOI: 10.1080/17482960801934239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In ALS, the identification of abnormal proteins in biological fluids might be useful for the understanding of the ethiopathogenesis of the disease. Furthermore, it can provide biomarkers useful for diagnosis, to monitor disease progression and to study the effect of drugs. Plasma is a suitable fluid for screening such targets since blood collection is a relatively simple procedure. In this study, proteomic techniques consisting of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) have been used for the analysis of plasma from a group of Portuguese familial ALS (FALS) patients not carrying SOD1 mutations, age-matched healthy controls, sporadic ALS patients and controls with other muscular disorders. Most relevant was the finding in the FALS patients of an isoform of vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) at pI 5.2, identified as GC2 by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-TOF MS. GC2 was absent from the healthy controls. Concomitantly, decrease of more acidic isoforms of DBP was observed for the FALS patients. The results suggested that the GC2 polymorphism of DBP could constitute a risk factor for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina S Palma
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Oeiras, Portugal
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22
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Codarin E, Renzone G, Poz A, Avellini C, Baccarani U, Lupo F, di Maso V, Crocè SL, Tiribelli C, Arena S, Quadrifoglio F, Scaloni A, Tell G. Differential Proteomic Analysis of Subfractioned Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissues. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:2273-84. [DOI: 10.1021/pr8009275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Codarin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Molinette, 10100 Torino, Italy, and Centro Studi Fegato, AREA Science Park, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Renzone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Molinette, 10100 Torino, Italy, and Centro Studi Fegato, AREA Science Park, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Poz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Molinette, 10100 Torino, Italy, and Centro Studi Fegato, AREA Science Park, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Avellini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Molinette, 10100 Torino, Italy, and Centro Studi Fegato, AREA Science Park, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Umberto Baccarani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Molinette, 10100 Torino, Italy, and Centro Studi Fegato, AREA Science Park, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Lupo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Molinette, 10100 Torino, Italy, and Centro Studi Fegato, AREA Science Park, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Vittorio di Maso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Molinette, 10100 Torino, Italy, and Centro Studi Fegato, AREA Science Park, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Saveria Lory Crocè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Molinette, 10100 Torino, Italy, and Centro Studi Fegato, AREA Science Park, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Molinette, 10100 Torino, Italy, and Centro Studi Fegato, AREA Science Park, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Simona Arena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Molinette, 10100 Torino, Italy, and Centro Studi Fegato, AREA Science Park, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Franco Quadrifoglio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Molinette, 10100 Torino, Italy, and Centro Studi Fegato, AREA Science Park, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Molinette, 10100 Torino, Italy, and Centro Studi Fegato, AREA Science Park, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Molinette, 10100 Torino, Italy, and Centro Studi Fegato, AREA Science Park, 34012 Trieste, Italy
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23
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Lo LH, Huang TL, Shiea J. Acid hydrolysis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for the rapid diagnosis of serum protein biomarkers in patients with major depression. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:589-598. [PMID: 19165777 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a technique combining acid hydrolysis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for the rapid study of the changes in the levels of positive and negative acute phase protein biomarkers in the sera of patients suffering from major depression. The serum proteins were first precipitated using an organic solvent; after separation, they were subjected to hydrochloric acid hydrolysis (6 M HCl) for 10 min. The resulting peptides were characterized using MALDI-TOF MS. Short-term treatment of the serum proteins with HCl efficiently removed interference from the abundant protein - albumin - and produced abundant peptide ion signals in the range of m/z 4000-10 000. This approach allowed us to rapidly detect the peptide ions originating from transferrin (a common negative acute phase protein) and fibrinogen (a common positive acute phase protein). The average ratios and (standard deviations) of the ion signals derived from transferrin/fibrinogen were 3.58 (+/-1.93) for the healthy control subjects and 1.02 (+/-0.52) for the patients suffering from major depression. The differences in transferrin/fibrinogen ratios between healthy controls and patients suggest that major depression will induce internal inflammation and cause either an increase in the level of fibrinogen or a decrease in the level of transferrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Lo
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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24
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Stempfer R, Kubicek M, Lang IM, Christa N, Gerner C. Quantitative assessment of human serum high-abundance protein depletion. Electrophoresis 2009; 29:4316-23. [PMID: 18956433 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to quantify the effectivity of the depletion of human high-abundance serum and plasma proteins for improved protein identification and disease marker candidate discovery and to assess the risk of concomitant removal of relevant marker proteins. 2-DE and bottom-up shotgun MS combining 2-D capillary chromatography with MS/MS were applied in parallel for the analysis of fractions resulting from the depletion procedure. For many proteins the factors of enrichment by the depletion were obvious allowing their enhanced detection and identification upon high-abundance protein depletion. Nano-liquid chromatography linked MS allowed the efficient identification of several low-abundant proteins that were not identified on the 2-DE gels. Resolving the fractions that were eluted from the matrix upon depletion indicated unspecific binding of disease relevant proteins in plasma samples from acute myocardial infarction patients. The unspecific binding to the depletion matrix of inflammatory markers spiked into the serum was found to depend on the type of capturing agent used. Polyclonal avian antibodies (IgY) displayed the least unspecific binding due to the high immunogenicity of mammalian proteins in avian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Stempfer
- Molecular Diagnostics, Life Sciences, Austrian Research Centers GmbH - ARC, Seibersdorf, Austria
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25
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Giusti L, Iacconi P, Ciregia F, Giannaccini G, Donatini GL, Basolo F, Miccoli P, Pinchera A, Lucacchini A. Fine-Needle Aspiration of Thyroid Nodules: Proteomic Analysis To Identify Cancer Biomarkers. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:4079-88. [DOI: 10.1021/pr8000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Giusti
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Department of Surgery, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Environment and Endocrine and Nervous Systems High Technology Center for the Study of the Effects of Harmful Agents, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Iacconi
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Department of Surgery, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Environment and Endocrine and Nervous Systems High Technology Center for the Study of the Effects of Harmful Agents, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Ciregia
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Department of Surgery, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Environment and Endocrine and Nervous Systems High Technology Center for the Study of the Effects of Harmful Agents, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gino Giannaccini
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Department of Surgery, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Environment and Endocrine and Nervous Systems High Technology Center for the Study of the Effects of Harmful Agents, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Donatini
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Department of Surgery, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Environment and Endocrine and Nervous Systems High Technology Center for the Study of the Effects of Harmful Agents, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fulvio Basolo
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Department of Surgery, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Environment and Endocrine and Nervous Systems High Technology Center for the Study of the Effects of Harmful Agents, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Miccoli
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Department of Surgery, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Environment and Endocrine and Nervous Systems High Technology Center for the Study of the Effects of Harmful Agents, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aldo Pinchera
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Department of Surgery, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Environment and Endocrine and Nervous Systems High Technology Center for the Study of the Effects of Harmful Agents, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Lucacchini
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Department of Surgery, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Environment and Endocrine and Nervous Systems High Technology Center for the Study of the Effects of Harmful Agents, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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26
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Chen Y, Lim BK, Peh SC, Abdul-Rahman PS, Hashim OH. Profiling of serum and tissue high abundance acute-phase proteins of patients with epithelial and germ line ovarian carcinoma. Proteome Sci 2008; 6:20. [PMID: 18637207 PMCID: PMC2496906 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-6-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute-phase response involves the simultaneous altered expression of serum proteins in association to inflammation, infection, injury or malignancy. Studies of the acute-phase response usually involve determination of the levels of individual acute-phase serum proteins. In the present study, the acute-phase response of patients with epithelial (EOCa) and germ-line (GOCa) ovarian carcinoma was investigated using the gel-based proteomic approach, a technique which allowed the simultaneous assessment of the levels of the acute-phase serum high abundance proteins. Data obtained were validated using ELISA and immunostaining of biopsy samples. Results Enhanced expression of clusterin (CLU), α1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin and leucine rich glycoprotein was detected in all patients. However, the levels of α1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) was only enhanced in EOCa patients, while patients with GOCa were typically characterized by elevated levels of ceruloplasmin but lower levels of α2-HS glycoprotein. The enhanced expression of CLU in EOCa and GOCa patients and up-regulated expression of ACT specifically in EOCa patients were confirmed by ELISA. Immunohistochemical staining of biopsy samples of EOCa and GOCa patients demonstrated correlation of the acute-phase protein expression. Conclusion Patients with EOCa and GOCa demonstrated distinctive aberrant expression of serum and tissue high abundance acute-phase proteins compared to negative control women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeng Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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27
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Chen CHW. Review of a current role of mass spectrometry for proteome research. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 624:16-36. [PMID: 18706308 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This review is intended to give readers a snapshot of current mass spectrometry for proteomics research. It covers a brief history of mass spectrometry proteomic research, peptidomics and proteomics for biomarker search, quantitative proteomics, proteomics with post-translational modification and future perspective of proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsuan Winston Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC.
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28
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Candiano G, Santucci L, Petretto A, Pavone B, Del Boccio P, Musante L, Bruschi M, Federici G, Gusmano R, Urbani A, Ghiggeri GM. High-resolution 2-DE for resolving proteins, protein adducts and complexes in plasma. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:682-94. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Abdul-Rahman PS, Lim BK, Hashim OH. Expression of high-abundance proteins in sera of patients with endometrial and cervical cancers: analysis using 2-DE with silver staining and lectin detection methods. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:1989-96. [PMID: 17503403 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The expression of high-abundance serum proteins in newly diagnosed patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma (EACa), squamous cell cervical carcinoma (SCCa) and cervical adenocarcinoma (ACCa), relative to control female subjects, was analyzed by subjecting serum samples to 2-DE followed by image analysis of the silver-stained protein profiles. The three cohorts of cancer patients demonstrated different altered expression of serum high-abundance proteins compared to negative control women. The expression of alpha1-antitrypsin, alpha1-B glycoprotein, cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen (light chain) and antithrombin III were consistently altered in all the patients. However, clusterin was upregulated only in the patients with EACa, while those with SCCa and ACCa were typically characterized by the upregulated expression of zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein. The aberrant expression of selective serum proteins in the various cohorts of cancer patients was validated by competitive ELISA as well as by lectin detection. Analysis by using the champedak galactose binding lectin further highlighted an unidentified protein that may be differently glycosylated in the sera of the EACa patients that were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puteri S Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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30
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Kool J, Reubsaet L, Wesseldijk F, Maravilha RT, Pinkse MW, D'Santos CS, van Hilten JJ, Zijlstra FJ, Heck AJR. Suction blister fluid as potential body fluid for biomarker proteins. Proteomics 2007; 7:3638-50. [PMID: 17890648 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis is important for effective disease management. Measurement of biomarkers present at the local level of the skin could be advantageous in facilitating the diagnostic process. The analysis of the proteome of suction blister fluid, representative for the interstitial fluid of the skin, is therefore a desirable first step in the search for potential biomarkers involved in biological pathways of particular diseases. Here, we describe a global analysis of the suction blister fluid proteome as potential body fluid for biomarker proteins. The suction blister fluid proteome was compared with a serum proteome analyzed using identical protocols. By using stringent criteria allowing less than 1% false positive identifications, we were able to detect, using identical experimental conditions and amount of starting material, 401 proteins in suction blister fluid and 240 proteins in serum. As a major result of our analysis we construct a prejudiced list of 34 proteins, relatively highly and uniquely detected in suction blister fluid as compared to serum, with established and putative characteristics as biomarkers. We conclude that suction blister fluid might potentially serve as a good alternative biomarker body fluid for diseases that involve the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Kool
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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31
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Mitchell GB, Clark ME, Caswell JL. Alterations in the bovine bronchoalveolar lavage proteome induced by dexamethasone. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007; 118:283-93. [PMID: 17604846 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stressors such as transportation, weaning and co-mingling increase susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia in cattle and are associated with elevated levels of endogenous glucocorticoids. To determine the effect of glucocorticoids on the proteins expressed in the fluid lining the respiratory tract, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on cattle treated with dexamethasone or saline and proteins were resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Significant changes in expression were observed for 9 of the 363 detected spots, and the identities of these proteins were determined by mass spectrometry. Consistent with the initiation of an acute phase response, the expression of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) and alpha-1-antitrypsin was increased and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (fetuin) was decreased in the BAL fluid of dexamethasone-treated cattle. In addition, dexamethasone induced the expression of two hydrophobic ligand-binding proteins, adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein and odorant binding protein (OBP), as well as the proteins alpha-enolase, cofilin-1 and immunoglobulin J chain. OBP mRNA expression in bronchial biopsies was quantified by real-time RT-PCR and the 6-fold higher levels of expression observed in dexamethasone- versus saline-treated animals correlated with the changes observed in OBP protein level. These findings demonstrate glucocorticoid-dependent changes in the protein composition of the epithelial lining fluid of the respiratory tract, identifying proteins potentially integral to respiratory disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon B Mitchell
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ont., Canada N1G 2W1.
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32
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Feng Y, Tian ZM, Wan MX, Zheng ZB. Protein profile of human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721: Identification and functional analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:2608-14. [PMID: 17552011 PMCID: PMC4146824 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i18.2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the protein profile of human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721, to analyze the specific functions of abundant expressed proteins in the processes of hepatocarcinoma genesis, growth and metastasis, to identify the hepatocarcinoma-specific biomarkers for the early prediction in diagnosis, and to explore the new drug targets for liver cancer therapy.
METHODS: Total proteins from human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE). The silver-stained gel was analyzed by 2DE software Image Master 2D Elite. Interesting protein spots were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and database searching.
RESULTS: We obtained protein profile of human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721. Among the twenty-one successfully identified proteins, mitofilin, endoplasmic reticulum protein ERp29, ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase complex core protein I, peroxisomal enoyl CoA hydratase, peroxiredoxin-4 and probable 3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1 precursor were the six novel proteins identified in human hepatocarcinoma cells or tissues. Specific functions of the identified heat-shock proteins were analyzed in detail, and the results suggested that these proteins might promote tumorigenesis via inhibiting cell death induced by several cancer-related stresses or via inhibiting apoptosis at multiple points in the apoptotic signal pathway. Other identified chaperones and cancer-related proteins were also analyzed.
CONCLUSION: Based on the protein profile of SMMC-7721 cells, functional analysis suggests that the identified chaperones and cancer-related proteins have their own pathways to contribute to the tumorigenesis, tumor growth and metastasis of liver cancer. Furthermore, proteomic analysis is indicated to be feasible in the cancer study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Magi B, Bargagli E, Bini L, Rottoli P. Proteome analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage in lung diseases. Proteomics 2006; 6:6354-69. [PMID: 17133372 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The proteomic approach is complementary to genomics and enables protein composition to be investigated under various clinical conditions. Its application to the study of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is extremely promising. BAL proteomic studies were initially based on two-dimensional electrophoretic separation of complex protein samples and subsequent identification of proteins by different methods. With the techniques available today it is possible to attain many different research objectives. BAL proteomics can contribute to the identification of proteins in alveolar spaces with possible insights into pathogenesis and clinical application for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Many proteins with different functions have already been identified in BAL. Some could be biomarkers that need to be individually confirmed by correlation with clinical parameters and validation by other methods on larger cohorts of patients. The standardization of BAL sample preparation and processing for proteomic studies is an important goal that would promote and facilitate clinical applications. Here, we review the principal literature on BAL proteomic analysis applied to the study of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Magi
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Yamashita R, Fujiwara Y, Ikari K, Hamada K, Otomo A, Yasuda K, Noda M, Kaburagi Y. Extracellular proteome of human hepatoma cell, HepG2 analyzed using two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 298:83-92. [PMID: 17109077 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Secreted proteins, which may be involved in the regulation of various biological processes, are the potential targets for diagnosis and treatment of diverse diseases. In this study, to identify the human hepatoma HepG2 cells-derived secreted proteins more extensively, we applied the protein sample preparations using the combinations of denaturation methods and molecular-mass cutoff via ultrafiltration to the two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (2D LC-MS/MS) analysis. We were able to identify a total of 86 proteins containing widely known secreted proteins of HepG2 such as alpha-fetoprotein, of which 73 proteins including 27 signal peptide-containing proteins have never been reported to be secreted from HepG2 cells in other proteomic studies. Among the identified signal peptide-containing proteins, ten proteins such as growth differentiation factor 15, osteopontin and stanniocalcin 2 were discovered as new secreted proteins of HepG2 cells. These observations suggest that the combinations of different sample preparation methods and 2D LC-MS/MS analysis are useful for identifying a wider range of low-abundance proteins and that the secreted proteins from HepG2 identified in this study may be useful as liver-specific biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yamashita
- Department of Metabolic Disorder, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
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Hausman GJ, Poulos SP, Richardson RL, Barb CR, Andacht T, Kirk HC, Mynatt RL. Secreted proteins and genes in fetal and neonatal pig adipose tissue and stromal-vascular cells. J Anim Sci 2006; 84:1666-81. [PMID: 16775050 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2005-539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although microarray and proteomic studies have indicated the expression of unique and unexpected genes and their products in human and rodent adipose tissue, similar studies of meat animal adipose tissue have not been reported. Thus, total RNA was isolated from stromal-vascular (S-V) cell cultures (n = 4; 2 arrays; 2 cultures/array) from 90-d (79% of gestation) fetuses and adipose tissue from 105-d (92% of gestation) fetuses (n = 2) and neonatal (5-d-old) pigs (n = 2). Duplicate adipose tissue microarrays (n = 4) represented RNA samples from a pig and a fetus. Dye-labeled cDNA probes were hybridized to custom microarrays (70-mer oligonucleotides) representing more than 600 pig genes involved in growth and reproduction. Microarray studies showed significant expression of 40 genes encoding for known adipose tissue secreted proteins in fetal S-V cell cultures and adipose tissue. Expression of 10 genes encoding secreted proteins not known to be expressed by adipose tissue was also observed in neonatal adipose tissue and fetal S-V cell cultures. Additionally, the agouti gene was detected by reverse transcription-PCR in pig S-V cultures and adipose tissue. Proteomic analysis of adipose tissue and fetal and young pig S-V cell culture-conditioned media identified multiple secreted proteins including heparin-like epidermal growth factor-like growth factor and several apolipoproteins. Another adipose tissue secreted protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, was identified by ELISA in S-V cell culture media. A group of 20 adipose tissue secreted proteins were detected or identified using the gene microarray and the proteomic and protein assay approaches including apolipoprotein-A1, apolipoprotein-E, relaxin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and IGF binding protein-5. These studies demonstrate, for the first time, the expression of several major secreted proteins in pig adipose tissue that may influence local and central metabolism and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Hausman
- USDA-ARS, Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, GA 30604, USA.
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36
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Angelucci S, Ciavardelli D, Di Giuseppe F, Eleuterio E, Sulpizio M, Tiboni GM, Giampietro F, Palumbo P, Di Ilio C. Proteome analysis of human follicular fluid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2006; 1764:1775-85. [PMID: 17067859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We used proteomic approach to analyze the protein profile of human follicular fluid (HFF) obtained from 25 normo-ovulatory women undergoing assisted reproduction techniques due to a male infertility factor. In all HFF samples analyzed we found 695 common spots distributed in the 3 to 10 pH range and in the 10-200 kDa range. Only 625 of these spots were also present in the plasma. We used MALDI-TOF-MS analysis to unequivocally assign 183 HFF/plasma matched spots and 27 HFF/plasma unmatched spots. A large number of acute-phase proteins, including transferrin, ceruloplasmin, afamin, hemopexin, haptoglobin and plasma amyloid protein, were identified in HFF in relatively high concentration supporting the hypothesis that mammalian ovulation can be compared to an inflammatory event. We also identified several important antioxidant enzymes; i.e., catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, paraoxonase, heat shock protein 27 and protein disulfide isomerase. This indicates that during maturation the human follicle is well protected against toxic injury due to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Angelucci
- Department of Biomedical Science, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara Italy and Center of Excellence on Aging-G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
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Fujii K, Kondo T, Yamada M, Iwatsuki K, Hirohashi S. Toward a comprehensive quantitative proteome database: protein expression map of lymphoid neoplasms by 2-D DIGE and MS. Proteomics 2006; 6:4856-76. [PMID: 16888764 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Using 2-D DIGE, we constructed a quantitative 2-D database including 309 proteins corresponding to 389 protein spots across 42 lymphoid neoplasm cell lines. The proteins separated by 2-D PAGE were identified by MS and assigned to the expression data obtained by 2-D DIGE. The cell lines were categorized into four groups: those from Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) (4 cell lines), B cell malignancies (19 cell lines), T cell malignancies (16 cell lines), and natural killer (NK) cell malignancies (3 cell lines). We characterized the proteins in the database by classifying them according to their expression level. We found 28 proteins with more than a 2-fold difference between the cell line groups. We also noted the proteins that allowed multidimensional separation to be achieved (1) between HL cells and other cells, (2) between the cells derived from B cells, T cells and NK cells, and (3) between HL cells and anaplastic large cell lymphoma cells. Decision tree classification identified five proteins that could be used to classify the 42 cell lines according to differentiation. These results suggest that the quantitative 2-D database using 2-D DIGE will be a useful resource for studying the mechanisms underlying the differentiation phenotypes of lymphoid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyasu Fujii
- Proteome Bioinformatics Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Linke T, Ross AC, Harrison EH. Proteomic analysis of rat plasma by two-dimensional liquid chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1123:160-9. [PMID: 16472533 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Revised: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 12/13/2005] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The proteomic analysis of plasma and serum samples represents a formidable challenge due to the presence of a few highly abundant proteins such as albumin and immunoglobulins. Detection of low abundance protein biomarkers therefore requires either the specific depletion of high abundance proteins using immunoaffinity columns and/or optimized protein fractionation methods based on charge, size or hydrophobicity. Here we describe a two-dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography separation method for the fractionation of rat plasma. In the first dimension proteins were separated by chromatofocusing according to their isoelectric point (pI). In the second dimension, proteins were further fractionated by non-porous, reversed-phase chromatography according to their hydrophobicity. The data from both separations was displayed as a 2D protein expression map of pI versus retention time (relative hydrophobicity). Both separations were carried out on the ProteomeLab PF 2D system (Beckman Coulter), an instrument platform that provides a high degree of automation and real-time monitoring of the separation process. The reproducibility of the first-dimension separation was evaluated in terms of pH gradient formation. The second-dimension separation was evaluated in terms of peak retention times on the reversed-phase column. We found in four consecutive chromatofocusing separations that the pH gradient differed by less than 0.2 pH units at any time during the elution step. Second dimension retention times of peaks from identical pI fractions differed by less than 7 s in six consecutive separations. Each 2D separation generated a total of 540 fractions which were analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). We detected approximately 275 peptides and proteins with molecular masses ranging from 3 to 225 kDa. Most fractions were found to contain multiple low and high molecular weight proteins. Differential display of 2D protein expression maps from retinol-sufficient and -deficient rat plasma samples identified a fraction with several proteins that appeared to be down-regulated in the vitamin A-deficient animal. Quantitative proteomic analysis of complex samples such as plasma is still a difficult task. We discuss the potential of this approach for biomarker discovery and address the experimental challenges that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Linke
- Phytonutrients Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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39
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Choe LH, Werner BG, Lee KH. Two-dimensional protein electrophoresis: from molecular pathway discovery to biomarker discovery in neurological disorders. NeuroRx 2006; 3:327-35. [PMID: 16815216 PMCID: PMC3593383 DOI: 10.1016/j.nurx.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional protein electrophoresis (2-DE) has undergone many technical improvements in the past 30 years, resulting in an analytical method that is unparalleled in the resolution of complex protein mixtures and capable of quantifying changes in protein expression from a wide variety of tissues and samples. The technique has been applied in many studies of neurologic disease to identify changes in spot patterns that correlate with disease. The true power of the technique emerges when it is coupled to state-of-the-art methods in mass spectrometry, which enable identification of the protein or proteins contained within a spot of interest on a 2-DE map. Investigators have successfully applied the technique to gain improved understanding of neurologic disease mechanisms in humans and in animal models and to discover biomarkers that are useful in the clinical setting. An important extension to these efforts that has not been realized thus far is the desire to profile changes in protein expression that result from therapy to help relate disease-modifying effects at the molecular level with clinical outcomes. Here we review the major advances in 2-DE methods and discuss specific examples of its application in the study of neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila H. Choe
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, 14853-5201 Ithaca, NY
| | - Brenda G. Werner
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, 14853-5201 Ithaca, NY
| | - Kelvin H. Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, 14853-5201 Ithaca, NY
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40
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Two-dimensional protein electrophoresis: From molecular pathway discovery to biomarker discovery in neurological disorders. Neurotherapeutics 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03206656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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41
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Huang SY, Lin JH, Chen YH, Chuang CK, Chiu YF, Chen MY, Chen HH, Lee WC. Analysis of chicken serum proteome and differential protein expression during development in single-comb White Leghorn hens. Proteomics 2006; 6:2217-24. [PMID: 16475231 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Serum is believed to harbor thousands of distinct proteins that are either actively secreted or leak from various blood cells or tissues. Exploring protein composition in serum may accelerate the discovery of novel protein biomarkers for specific economic traits in livestock species. This study analyzed serum protein composition to establish a 2-DE reference map, and monitored protein dynamics of single-comb White Leghorn hens at 8, 19 and 23 weeks after hatching. A total of 119 CBB-stained and 315 silver-stained serum protein spots were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Of these, 98 CBB-stained and 94 silver-stained protein spots were significantly matched to existing chicken proteins. The identified spots represented 30 distinctive proteins in the serum of laying hens. To compare protein expression during development, expression levels of 47 protein spots were quantified by relative spot volume with Melanie 3 software. Ten protein spots increased and 3 protein spots decreased as hen age increased. Previous research has suggested that some of these proteins play critical roles in egg production. The differentially expressed proteins with unknown identities will be valuable candidates for further explorations of their roles in egg production of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Yuan Huang
- Division of Biotechnology, Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, Taiwan, R. O. C [corrected]
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42
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Raghav SK, Gupta B, Agrawal C, Saroha A, Das RH, Chaturvedi VP, Das HR. Altered expression and glycosylation of plasma proteins in rheumatoid arthritis. Glycoconj J 2006; 23:167-73. [PMID: 16691500 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-006-7922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Altered glycosylation of plasma proteins has been directly implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The present study investigated the changes in the Concanavalin-A (Con-A)-bound plasma proteins in the RA patients in comparison to that of the healthy controls. Two proteins (MW approximately 32 kDa and approximately 62 kDa) showed an alteration in expression while an altered monosaccharide profile (high mannose) was observed in the approximately 62 kDa protein in the samples collected from RA patients. The 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the Con-A-bound plasma samples showed a large number of protein spots, a few of which were differentially expressed in the RA patients. Some unidentified proteins were detected in the RA patients which were absent in the control samples. The present study, therefore, enunciates the role of carbohydrates as well as that of the acute phase response in the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Raghav
- Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India
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43
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D'Andrea G, Lizzi AR, Venditti S, Di Francesco L, Giorgi A, Mignogna G, Oratore A, Bozzi A. Proteins pattern alteration in AZT-treated K562 cells detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting. Proteome Sci 2006; 4:4. [PMID: 16571109 PMCID: PMC1435870 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-4-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we report the effect of AZT on the whole protein expression profile both in the control and the AZT-treated K562 cells, evidenced by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting analysis. Two-dimensional gels computer digital image analysis showed two spots that appeared up-regulated in AZT-treated cells and one spot present only in the drug exposed samples. Upon extraction and analysis by peptide mass fingerprinting, the first two spots were identified as PDI-A3 and stathmin, while the third one was proved to be NDPK-A. Conversely, two protein spots were present only in the untreated K562 cells, and were identified as SOD1 and HSP-60, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele D'Andrea
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Technologies, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Anna R Lizzi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Technologies, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sara Venditti
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Technologies, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Laura Di Francesco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Giorgi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mignogna
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Arduino Oratore
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Technologies, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Argante Bozzi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Technologies, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Abstract
During early stages of embryo development, the brain cavity is filled with embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (E-CSF), a complex fluid containing different protein fractions that contributes to the regulation of the survival, proliferation and neurogenesis of the neuroectodermal stem cells. Using 2-DE, protein sequencing and database searches, we identified and analyzed the proteome of the E-CSF from chick embryos (Gallus gallus). We identified 26 different gene products, including proteins related to the extracellular matrix, proteins associated with the regulation of osmotic pressure and metal transport, proteins related to cell survival, MAP kinase activators, proteins involved in the transport of retinol and vitamin D, antioxidant and antimicrobial proteins, intracellular proteins and some unknown proteins. Most of these gene products are involved in the regulation of developmental processes during embryogenesis in systems other than E-CSF. Interestingly, 14 of them are also present in adult human CSF proteome, and it has been reported that they are altered in the CSF of patients suffering neurodegenerative diseases and/or neurological disorders. Understanding these molecules and the mechanisms they control during embryonic neurogenesis is a key contribution to the general understanding of CNS development, and may also contribute to greater knowledge of these human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Parada
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Ferrero S, Gillott DJ, Anserini P, Remorgida V, Price KM, Ragni N, Grudzinskas JG. Vitamin D binding protein in endometriosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:272-7. [PMID: 15866120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2005.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a powerful method for identifying post-translationally modified molecules in biological fluids. We examined the presence and expression of vitamin D binding protein (DBP) in the peritoneal fluid (PF) and plasma (PL) of women with endometriosis. METHODS PL and PF samples were obtained from 36 women with untreated mild endometriosis (revised classification of the American Fertility Society [rAFS] stage I-II), 52 women with untreated severe endometriosis (rAFS stage III-IV), 17 women with endometriosis treated with the oral contraceptive (OC), and 40 controls (infertility, n = 23; tubal sterilization, n = 12; pelvic pain, n = 5). PF and PL samples were analyzed by quantitative, high-resolution 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. RESULTS The expression of one DBP isoform (DBPE) in the PF of patients with untreated endometriosis was significantly lower than in the control group (P <.05). The levels of PF DBPE in patients with endometriosis using OC were significantly higher than in women with untreated endometriosis (P <.05). No significant difference was observed in PL DBPE expression between women with and without endometriosis, while it was significantly increased in patients with endometriosis using OC (P <.05). DBP expression was not correlated with the stage of endometriosis (rAFS classification) or the phase of the menstrual cycle. CONCLUSION The decreased level of DBPE in the PF but not in PL of women with untreated endometriosis suggests that this molecule may be relevant in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ferrero
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, St Bartholomew's School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMW College, London, United Kingdom.
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Parada C, Gato A, Bueno D. Mammalian embryonic cerebrospinal fluid proteome has greater apolipoprotein and enzyme pattern complexity than the avian proteome. J Proteome Res 2006; 4:2420-8. [PMID: 16335996 DOI: 10.1021/pr050213t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During early stages of embryo development, the brain cavity is filled with Embryonic Cerebro-Spinal Fluid, which has an essential role in the survival, proliferation and neurogenesis of the neuroectodermal stem cells. We identified and analyzed the proteome of Embryonic Cerebro-Spinal Fluid from rat embryos (Rattus norvegicus), which includes proteins involved in the regulation of Central Nervous System development. The comparison between mammalian and avian Embryonic Cerebro-Spinal Fluid proteomes reveals great similarity, but also greater complexity in some protein groups. The pattern of apolipoproteins and enzymes in CSF is more complex in the mammals than in birds. This difference may underlie the greater neural complexity and synaptic plasticity found in mammals. Fourteen Embryonic Cerebro-Spinal Fluid gene products were previously identified in adult human Cerebro-Spinal Fluid proteome, and interestingly they are altered in patients with neurodegenerative diseases and/or neurological disorders. Understanding these molecules and the mechanisms they control during embryonic neurogenesis may contribute to our understanding of Central Nervous System development and evolution, and these human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Parada
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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47
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Yong PH, Junit SM, Harun F, Hashim OH. Patients with congenital hypothyroidism demonstrate different altered expression of plasma fibrinogen and haptoglobin polypeptide chains. Clin Biochem 2006; 39:126-32. [PMID: 16412408 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the plasma protein profiles of treated and untreated congenital hypothyroidism (CH) patients with those of normal control infants. DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma samples were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and silver staining or lectin detection. Resolved protein spots were analyzed by using computerized densitometry software. RESULTS The significant enhanced expression of the fibrinogen gamma-chain and reduced expression of haptoglobin beta-chain were demonstrated in the profiles of untreated CH patients using both silver staining and lectin detection methods. Lectin detection resolved only a single cluster of the haptoglobin beta-chain for the untreated patients, in contrast to five isoform clusters detected in the controls' and treated CH patients' profiles. CONCLUSIONS Plasma from untreated CH patients demonstrated different altered expression of fibrinogen and haptoglobin polypeptide chains, which was normalized when patients were treated. Our data also suggest differences in structures of the N-glycans of haptoglobin beta-chain of the untreated CH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaik-Har Yong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zwickl H, Traxler E, Staettner S, Parzefall W, Grasl-Kraupp B, Karner J, Schulte-Hermann R, Gerner C. A novel technique to specifically analyze the secretome of cells and tissues. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:2779-85. [PMID: 15966010 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200410387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The secretome of cells and tissues may reflect a broad variety of pathological conditions and thus represents a rich source of biomarkers. The identity of secreted proteins, usually isolated from cell supernatants or body fluids, is hardly accessible by direct proteome analysis, because these proteins are often masked by high amounts of proteins actually not secreted by the investigated cells. Here, we present a novel method for the specific detection of proteins secreted by human tissue specimen as well as cultured cells and chose liver as a model. The method is based on the metabolic labelling of proteins synthesized during a limited incubation period. Then, the cell supernatant is filtered, precipitated, and subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Whereas fluorography detected a large number of proteins derived from residual plasma and dead cells, the autoradiographs selectively displayed genuinely secreted proteins. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by means of the secretomes of the hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cell line HepG2 and human liver slices. The selective identification of cell- and tissue-specific protein secretion profiles may help to identify novel sets of biomarkers for wide clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Zwickl
- Department of Internal Medicine Clinic I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Systems biology along with what is now classified as cytomics provides an excellent opportunity for cytometry to become integrated into studies where identification of functional proteins in complex cellular mixtures is desired. The combination of cell sorting with rapid protein-profiling platforms offers an automated and rapid technique for greater clarity, accuracy, and efficiency in identification of protein expression differences in mixed cell populations. The integration of cell sorting to purify cell populations opens up a new area for proteomic analysis. This article outlines an approach in which well defined cell analysis and separation tools are integrated into the proteomic programs within a core laboratory. In addition we introduce the concepts of flow cytometry sorting to demonstrate the importance of being able to use flow cytometry as a cell separation technology to identify and collect purified cell populations. Data demonstrating the speed and versatility of this combination of flow cytometry-based cell separation and protein separation and subsequent analysis, examples of protein maps from purified sorted cells, and an analysis of the overall procedure will be shown. It is clear that the power of cell sorting to separate heterogeneous populations of cells using specific phenotypic characteristics increases the power of rapid automated protein separation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tytus Bernas
- Cytometry Laboratories, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2064, USA
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Fujimura K, Segami N, Yoshitake Y, Tsuruoka N, Kaneyama K, Sato J, Kobayashi S. Electrophoretic separation of the synovial fluid proteins in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 101:463-8. [PMID: 16545710 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2004] [Revised: 02/23/2005] [Accepted: 02/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was performed to characterize the patterns of protein expression in the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) by electrophoretic fractionation. STUDY DESIGN Samples of the SF of 26 consecutive patients consisting of 16 with closed locking (CL group) and 10 with osteoarthritis (OA group), as well as 7 asymptomatic control subjects (AS group), were analyzed in the present study. SF samples were obtained from the upper compartment of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and equal quantities of SF protein were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). RESULTS The mean total protein concentrations in the SF from both of the TMD groups were higher than that in the AS group (1353 microg/mL in the CL group and 2485 microg/mL in the OA group vs 615 microg/mL in the AS group; P < .01). Moreover, the mean total SF protein concentration was higher in the OA group than in the CL group (P < .01). There was a correlation between the total protein concentration in the SF from both patient groups and the degree of expanded joint effusion (P = .003, r = 0.685). Approximately 22 different protein bands with molecular weights ranging from 14 to 700 kd were clearly discernible on electrophoresis. The relative amounts of specific proteins in the SF of the TMD group were also different from those in the AS group (P < .05). The major difference in total protein concentration appeared to be due to the increased abundance of relatively high molecular weight proteins (>140 kd) in the TMD patients as compared to the AS group. CONCLUSIONS The SF of patients with TMD showed significant quantitative differences in total protein abundance as compared to healthy subjects. Moreover, this protein abundance was correlated strongly with the degree of expanded joint effusion. The major difference in total protein concentration appeared to be due to the increased abundance of relatively high molecular weight polypeptides in the TMD patients as compared to the healthy control subjects. These observations of changes in the pattern of protein expression may help in understanding the etiological factors involved in the pathophysiology of TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Fujimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan.
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