1
|
Ostrom NE, Gandhi H, Trubl G, Murray AE. Chemodenitrification in the cryoecosystem of Lake Vida, Victoria Valley, Antarctica. GEOBIOLOGY 2016; 14:575-587. [PMID: 27418276 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lake Vida, in the Victoria Valley of East Antarctica, is frozen, yet harbors liquid brine (~20% salt, >6 times seawater) intercalated in the ice below 16 m. The brine has been isolated from the surface for several thousand years. The brine conditions (permanently dark, -13.4 °C, lack of O2 , and pH of 6.2) and geochemistry are highly unusual. For example, nitrous oxide (N2 O) is present at a concentration among the highest reported for an aquatic environment. Only a minor 17 O anomaly was observed in N2 O, indicating that this gas was predominantly formed in the lake. In contrast, the 17 O anomaly in nitrate (NO3-) in Lake Vida brine indicates that approximately half or more of the NO3- present is derived from atmospheric deposition. Lake Vida brine was incubated in the presence of 15 N-enriched substrates for 40 days. We did not detect microbial nitrification, dissimilatory reduction of NO3- to ammonium (NH4+), anaerobic ammonium oxidation, or denitrification of N2 O under the conditions tested. In the presence of 15 N-enriched nitrite (NO2-), both N2 and N2 O exhibited substantial 15 N enrichments; however, isotopic enrichment declined with time, which is unexpected. Additions of 15 N-NO2- alone and in the presence of HgCl2 and ZnCl2 to aged brine at -13 °C resulted in linear increases in the δ15 N of N2 O with time. As HgCl2 and ZnCl2 are effective biocides, we interpret N2 O production in the aged brine to be the result of chemodenitrification. With this understanding, we interpret our results from the field incubations as the result of chemodenitrification stimulated by the addition of 15 N-enriched NO2- and ZnCl2 and determined rates of N2 O and N2 production of 4.11-41.18 and 0.55-1.75 nmol L-1 day-1 , respectively. If these rates are representative of natural production, the current concentration of N2 O in Lake Vida could have been reached between 6 and 465 years. Thus, chemodenitrification alone is sufficient to explain the high levels of N2 O present in Lake Vida.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N E Ostrom
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - H Gandhi
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - G Trubl
- Division of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA
| | - A E Murray
- Division of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sakthinathan S, Kubendhiran S, Chen SM, Al-Hemaid FA, Liao WC, Tamizhdurai P, Sivasanker S, Ajmal Ali M, Hatamleh AA. A non-covalent interaction of Schiff base copper alanine complex with green synthesized reduced graphene oxide for highly selective electrochemical detection of nitrite. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20580a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel and selective nitrite sensor based on non-covalent interaction of Schiff base copper complex [Cu(sal-ala)(phen)] with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was developed by simple eco-friendly approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Sakthinathan
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
| | - Subbiramaniyan Kubendhiran
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
| | - Fahad M. A. Al-Hemaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei Cheng Liao
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
| | - P. Tamizhdurai
- National Centre for Catalysis Research
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Chennai-600036
- India
| | - S. Sivasanker
- National Centre for Catalysis Research
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Chennai-600036
- India
| | - M. Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - A. A. Hatamleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li F, Nie M, He X, Fei J, Ding Y, Feng B. Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of hemoglobin on a glassy carbon electrode modified with poly(ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether) and gold nanoparticles on a quaternized cellulose support. A sensor for hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
4
|
Troška P, Chudoba R, Danč L, Bodor R, Horčičiak M, Tesařová E, Masár M. Determination of nitrite and nitrate in cerebrospinal fluid by microchip electrophoresis with microsolid phase extraction pre-treatment. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 930:41-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
5
|
Li J, Tang J, Zhou L, Han X, Liu H. Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of hemoglobin immobilized on polyacrylamide-P123 film modified glassy carbon electrode. Bioelectrochemistry 2012; 86:60-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
6
|
A hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on the direct electron transfer of hemoglobin in the nanosheets of exfoliated HNb3O8. J Solid State Electrochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-012-1649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
7
|
Cui R, Yin F, Zhou L, Pan H. Direct Electrochemistry of Hemoglobin Based on Fe3O4@SiO2 Nanoparticles Modified Electrode. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201180420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
8
|
Feng X, Li R, Hu C, Hou W. Direct electron transfer and electrocatalysis of hemoglobin immobilized on graphene–Pt nanocomposite. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
9
|
Liu C, Xu J, Wu Z. Direct electron transfer and electrochemical study of hemoglobin immobilized in ZnO hollow spheres. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2011; 34:931-8. [PMID: 21505813 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-011-0544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ZnO hollow spheres were firstly prepared. A new type of amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor was fabricated by entrapping Hemoglobin (Hb) through the ZnO hollow spheres (ZHS) nanoparticles. The composition morphology and size were studied by transmission electron microscopy. The surface topography of the prepared films was imaged by atomic force microscope (AFM). Several techniques, including UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry were employed to characterize the performance of the biosensor. The results indicated that the ZHS nanoparticles had enhanced the performance of the hydrogen peroxide sensors. The electrochemical parameters of Hb in the ZHS were calculated by the results of the electron-transfer coefficient (α) and the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant K (s) as 0.5 and 3.1 s(-1), respectively. The resulting biosensors showed a wide linear range from 2.1 × 10(-6) to 5.18 × 10(-3) M, with a low detection limit of 7.0 × 10(-7) M (S/N = 3) under optimized experimental conditions. The results demonstrated that the ZHS matrix may improve the protein loading with the retention of bioactivity and greatly promote the direct electron transfer, which can be attributed to its unique morphology, high specific surface area, and biocompatibility. The biosensor obtained from this study possesses high sensitivity, good reproducibility, and long-term stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Liu
- Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Direct electrochemistry and enhanced electrocatalytic activity of hemoglobin entrapped in graphene and ZnO nanosphere composite film. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Direct electron transfer and electrocatalysis of hemoglobin in ZnO coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes and Nafion composite matrix. Bioelectrochemistry 2010; 78:106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
12
|
Han X, Zhu Y, Yang X, Luan S. In SituPolymerization of Pyrrole in Mesoporous Silica and Application to Electrode Modification. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10236661003669458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
13
|
Xu J, Liu C, Teng Y. Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of hydrogen peroxide using hemoglobin immobilized in hollow zirconium dioxide spheres and sodium alginate films. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
14
|
Qi L, Cui K, Qiao J, Yang G, Chen Y. Use of MEKC for the analysis of reactant and product of Baylis-Hillman reaction. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:1480-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
15
|
Cornelius J, Tran T, Turner N, Piazza A, Mills L, Slack R, Hauser S, Alexander JS, Grisham MB, Feelisch M, Rodriguez J. Isotope tracing enhancement of chemiluminescence assays for nitric oxide research. Biol Chem 2009; 390:181-9. [PMID: 19040352 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2009.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemiluminescence assays are used widely for the detection of nitric oxide (NO)-derived species in biological fluids and tissues. Here, we demonstrate that these assays can be interfaced with mass-sensitive detectors for parallel determination of isotopic abundance. Results obtained with tri-iodide and ascorbic acid-based reductive assays indicate that mass spectrometric detection enables NO isotope-tracing experiments to be carried out to a limit of detectability of a few picomoles, a sensitivity similar to that of standard gas phase chemiluminescence methods. The advantage afforded by mass spectrometric detection is demonstrated using the murine macrophage cell line J774, which is shown here to reduce 15NO3- to 15NO2- under anoxic conditions. The particular combination of an analytical and cellular system described here may hold promise for future characterization of the enzymatic pathways contributing to mammalian nitrate reductase activity, without background interference from 14NO2- derived from other sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Cornelius
- Department of Physics, Centenary College of Louisiana, Shreveport, LA 71134, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu Y, Zhang J, Hou W, Zhu JJ. A Pd/SBA-15 composite: synthesis, characterization and protein biosensing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:135707. [PMID: 19636161 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/13/135707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, palladium (Pd) nanoparticles have been successfully encapsulated into the channels of modified SBA-15 in situ via a facile, ethylene glycol (EG)-assisted sonochemical method. The products were confirmed by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nitrogen adsorption analysis. The Pd/SBA-15 composite was used for the realization of direct electron transfer of hemoglobin (Hb). Electrochemical results showed that the Pd nanoparticles in the channels of SBA-15 could enhance the direct electron transfer between Hb and the electrode surface. The composite modified electrode displayed excellent electrochemical behavior. The sensor fabricated by the composite showed an excellent response to the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and the linear range for the determination of H(2)O(2) was from 1.8 to 119.3 microM with a detection limit of 0.8 microM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu Y, Lu C, Hou W, Zhu JJ. Direct electron transfer of hemoglobin in layered α-zirconium phosphate with a high thermal stability. Anal Biochem 2008; 375:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Revised: 12/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
18
|
Characterization and electrochemical study of hemoglobin–carbon nanoparticles–polyvinyl alcohol nanoporous hybrid film. J Solid State Electrochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-007-0467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
19
|
Yu J, Ma J, Zhao F, Zeng B. Direct electron-transfer and electrochemical catalysis of hemoglobin immobilized on mesoporous Al2O3. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
20
|
Boudko DY. Bioanalytical profile of the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway and its evaluation by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 851:186-210. [PMID: 17329176 PMCID: PMC2040328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review briefly summarizes recent progress in fundamental understanding and analytical profiling of the L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway. It focuses on key analytical references of NO actions and the experimental acquisition of these references in vivo, with capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) comprising one of the most flexible and technologically promising analytical platform for comprehensive high-resolution profiling of NO-related metabolites. Another aim of this review is to express demands and bridge efforts of experimental biologists, medical professionals and chemical analysis-oriented scientists who strive to understand evolution and physiological roles of NO and to develop analytical methods for use in biology and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Y Boudko
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd., St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Y, Xu Q, Feng X, Zhu JJ, Hou W. Immobilization of hemoglobin on SBA-15 applied to the electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:1553-9. [PMID: 17200851 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-1064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Revised: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 11/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The direct electron transfer between hemoglobin (Hb) and an electrode was realized by first immobilizing the protein onto SBA-15. The results of the immobilization showed that the adsorption was pH-dependent with a maximum adsorption near the isoelectric point of the protein, and SBA-15 with a larger pore diameter showed greater adsorption capacity for Hb. UV-vis spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption analysis indicated that Hb was adsorbed within the channel of SBA-15 and no significant denaturation occurred to the protein. The Hb/SBA-15 composite obtained was used for the fabrication of a Hb biosensor to detect hydrogen peroxide. A pair of well-defined redox peaks at -0.337 and -0.370 V on the Hb/SBA-15 composite modified glassy carbon electrode was observed, and the electrode reactions showed a surface-controlled process with a single proton transfer at a scan rate range from 20 to 1,000 mV/s. The sensor showed a fast amperometric response, a low detection limit (2.3 x 10(-9) M) and good stability for the detection of H(2)O(2). The electrochemical results indicated that the immobilized Hb still retained its biological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rubio-Retama J, Hernando J, López-Ruiz B, Härtl A, Steinmüller D, Stutzmann M, López-Cabarcos E, Garrido JA. Synthetic nanocrystalline diamond as a third-generation biosensor support. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:5837-42. [PMID: 16768516 DOI: 10.1021/la060167r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been immobilized on the surface of functionalized nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) thin films. The structure of the modified NCD surface as well as the electrochemical behavior of the whole system was characterized by impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The proximity of HRP heme groups to the NCD surface allowed direct electron transfer between them, resulting in two separated one-electron-transfer peaks at 0.05 V and 0.29 V vs Ag/AgCl, corresponding to the cathodic and anodic process, respectively. The heterogeneous electron-transfer constant for both processes was calculated to be 0.066 s(-1), the charge-transfer coefficient alpha = 0.49, and the immobilized enzymatic layer about 2.10(-10) mol/cm2. The modified NCD electrode was used as a third-generation biosensor for hydrogen peroxide determination showing a linear response in the 0.1-45 mM H2O2 range, at +0.05 V vs Ag/AgCl.
Collapse
|
23
|
Dai Z, Liu S, Ju H, Chen H. Direct electron transfer and enzymatic activity of hemoglobin in a hexagonal mesoporous silica matrix. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 19:861-7. [PMID: 15128105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2003.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin (Hb) immobilized on a hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS)-modified glassy carbon electrode was described. The interaction between Hb and the HMS was investigated using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, and electrochemical methods. The direct electron transfer of the immobilized Hb exhibited two couples of redox peaks with the formal potentials of -0.037 and -0.232 V in 0.1 M (pH 7.0) PBS, respectively, which corresponded to its two immobilized states. The electrode reactions showed a surface-controlled process with a single proton transfer at the scan rate range from 20 to 200 mV/s. The immobilized Hb retained its biological activity well and displayed an excellent response to the reduction of both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitrate (NO2-). Its apparent Michaelis-Menten constants for H2O2 and NO2- were 12.3 and 49.3 microM, respectively, showing a good affinity. Based on the immobilization of Hb on the HMS and its direct electrochemistry, two novel biosensors for H2O2 and NO2- were presented. Under optimal conditions, the sensors could be used for the determination of H2O2 ranging from 0.4 to 6.0 microM and NO2- ranging from 0.2 to 3.8 microM. The detection limits were 1.86 x 10(-9) M and 6.11 x 10(-7) M at 3sigma, respectively. HMS provided a good matrix for protein immobilization and biosensor preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Despite the availability of commercial capillary electrophoresis systems for over ten years, where quantitative analysis is required, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) has often failed to replace ion chromatography as the method of choice for a large number of analytes, not least inorganic anions. To investigate the reasons for this apparent failing, a review is presented of work that has been carried out to-date involving the quantitative application of CZE to the determination of inorganic anions in industrial and environmental samples. This review summarizes work both investigating and improving the quantitative aspects of the CZE of inorganic anions. A complete survey of how CZE has been applied to the determination of inorganic anions in real samples is given, including what, if any, analytical performance parameters were investigated and quoted, and if quality assurance data and validation methods were briefly considered, thoroughly investigated or simply ignored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett Paull
- National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xu X, Liu S, Li B, Ju H. Disposable Nitrite Sensor Based on Hemoglobin-Colloidal Gold Nanoparticle Modified Screen-Printed Electrode. ANAL LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120024333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
26
|
Kikura-Hanajiri R, Martin RS, Lunte SM. Indirect measurement of nitric oxide production by monitoring nitrate and nitrite using microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. Anal Chem 2002; 74:6370-7. [PMID: 12510761 DOI: 10.1021/ac0204000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An indirect method for monitoring nitric oxide (NO) by determining nitrate and nitrite using microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrochemical (EC) detection has been developed. This method combines determination of nitrite by direct amperometric detection following a microchip-based CE separation and conversion of nitrate to nitrite by chemical reduction using Cu-coated Cd granules. The amount of nitrate is quantified by calculating the difference in the amount of nitrite in the sample before and after the reduction of nitrate. Optimization of the separation, injection, detection, and reduction reaction conditions, as well as studies involving integration of the reduction reaction onto the microchip, are described. It was found that nitrite can be separated and detected in approximately 45 s by microchip CEEC. The reduction reaction was successfully integrated on-chip and carried out in approximately 1 min following activation of the Cd granules. The usefulness of this device was demonstrated by monitoring the amount of nitrate and nitrite produced from 3-morpholinosydnonimine, a NO-releasing compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Carr A, Dickson J, Dickson M, Milofsky R. Post-column ultra-fast co-catalyzed peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography. Chromatographia 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
28
|
Abstract
Nitrite and nitrate have been widely used as markers for nitric oxide (NO) formation in vivo and represent the major NO oxidation products in biological fluids. In the present study, the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) in the measurement of nitrite and nitrate in human urine is described. Urine samples were electrophoresed in an extended light path fused-silica capillary (104 cm; 75 microm ID) at an applied negative potential of 30 kV, and UV detection at 214 nm. Using electrokinetic sample injection (-6 kV x 20 s), we found that urine concentration, pH, sodium and chloride interfered with nitrite and nitrate detection. The detection of nitrite and nitrate was decreased when hydrodynamic sample injection was used (30 mbar x 60 s). However, basal levels of urinary nitrite (0.25 +/- 0.05 microM) and nitrate (591 +/- 115 microM) were detected and no interference by variations in urine concentration and pH was noted when hydrodynamic sample injection was used. Thus, hydrodynamic sample injection is convenient for the measurement of urinary nitrite and nitrate and avoids the effect of variations in urine matrices and pH on nitrite and nitrate detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Morcos
- Department of Urology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kuyper C, Milofsky R. Recent developments in chemiluminescence and photochemical reaction detection for capillary electrophoresis. Trends Analyt Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-9936(01)00066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
30
|
Timerbaev AR. Element speciation analysis by capillary electrophoresis: what are the hints on becoming a standard analytical methodology? Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)00788-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
31
|
Tunçel M, Dogrukol-Ak D, Erkasap N. Modified method for the determination of capillary electrophoresis nitric oxide-correlated nitrate in tissue homogenates. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 751:257-63. [PMID: 11236081 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A modified capillary electrophoretic method for the determination of nitric oxide correlated nitrate in several tissue homogenates is described in this study. The method was developed using a running buffer consisting of 200 mM lithium chloride and 10 mM borate buffer at pH 8.5, in a fused-silica column total 82 cm, effective 43 cm length and 75 microm I.D. The signal was measured at 214 nm and controlled current of 200 microA (equivalent to 12.7 kV) was applied in the reversed polarity direction. The sample was injected by vacuum pressure 50 ms (25 nl). In these conditions, bromide as internal standard and nitrate appeared at 7.2 and 8.9 min, respectively. Whole validation procedures were applied and satisfactory results were obtained. The nitrate levels of the tissue homogenates of control and L-NAME applied (heart, brain, kidney, stomach, lung, testis and liver) were monitored by the present method and it was decided that the method is precise and accurate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Tunçel
- University of Anadolu, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Moriel P, Pereira IR, Bertolami MC, Abdalla DS. Is ceruloplasmin an important catalyst for S-nitrosothiol generation in hypercholesterolemia? Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 30:318-26. [PMID: 11165878 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) reacts with thiol-containing biomolecules to form S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs). RSNOs are considered as NO reservoirs as they generate NO by homolytic cleavage. Ceruloplasmin has recently been suggested to have a potent catalytic activity towards RSNO production. Considering that NO activity is impaired in hypercholesterolemia and that RSNOs may act as important NO donors, we investigated the relation between concentrations of ceruloplasmin and RSNOs in plasma of hypercholesterolemic (HC) patients compared to normolipidemic (N) controls. Concentrations of ceruloplasmin (0.36 +/- 0.07 x 0.49 +/- 0.11 mg/dl, N x HC), nitrate (19.10 +/- 12.03 x 40.19 +/- 18.70 microM, N x HC), RSNOs (0.25 +/- 0.20 x 0.54 +/- 0.26 microM, N x HC), nitrated LDL (19.51 +/- 6.98 x 35.29 +/- 17.57 nM nitro-BSA equivalents, N x HC), and cholesteryl ester-derived hydroxy/hydroperoxides (CEOOH, 0.19 +/- 0.06 x 1.46 +/- 0.97 microM) were increased in plasma of HC as compared to N. No difference was found for nitrite levels between the two groups (1.01 +/- 0.53 x 1.02 +/- 0.33 microM, N x HC). The concentrations of RSNOs, nitrate, and nitrated LDL were positively correlated to those of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apoB. Ceruloplasmin levels were directly correlated to apoB and apoE concentrations. Data suggest that: (i) ceruloplasmin may have a role in the enhancement of RSNOs found in hypercholesterolemia; (ii) the lower NO bioactivity associated with hypercholesterolemia is not related to a RSNOs paucity or a defective NO release from RSNOs; and (iii) the increased nitrotyrosine levels found in hypercholesterolemia indicate that superoxide radicals contribute to inactivation of NO, directly generated by NO synthase or originated by RSNO decomposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Moriel
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Cidade Universitária-Butantã, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Timerbaev AR, Fukushi K, Miyado T, Ishio N, Saito K, Motomizu S. Analysis of highly saline samples by capillary zone electrophoresis: enhanced direct UV detection of inorganic anions using on-capillary preconcentration and clean-up techniques. J Chromatogr A 2000; 888:309-19. [PMID: 10949497 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability to analyze samples with disparate levels of analyte and matrix ions is among the important benefits defining the practical utility of modern capillary electrophoresis. To compensate for the sensitivity limitations regarding trace-level inorganic anions, a number of on-line approaches that should offer an improved S/N ratio in direct UV detection were examined. The novel use of reversed pre-electrophoresis (at the applied voltage opposite to the separation voltage) made it possible to efficiently remove the most part of high chloride levels from the sample and hence to lower the background signal and to inject increased quantities of fast analyte anions. Specifically, by taking these advantages the sensitivity response of iodide was improved by a factor of 5 over normal CE mode. Using isotachophoretic sample stacking, a two-fold increase in detectability was obtained for moderately mobile anions, nitrate and nitrite, that corresponds to the minimum detectable concentrations close to their natural occurrences in seawater. Furthermore, field-amplified sample injection at increased electrolyte-to-sample matrix concentration ratios enabled the maximum S/N enhancement, with detection limits at the level of 10(-6) M and lower in the presence of > or = 5 x 10(4)-fold molar excess of chloride.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Timerbaev
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Trushina EV, Oda RP, McMurray CT, Landers JP. Effective and reproducible capillary electrophoretic separation of thiols under conditions where exceptionally high current is generated. Anal Chem 1999; 71:5569-73. [PMID: 10624160 DOI: 10.1021/ac990505b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an escalating interest in the role of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in biological systems and how this chemical regulates physiology in normal and disease states. In biological systems, the cellular concentration can be estimated, in the simplest form, by accounting for NO and its common metabolites, nitrate and nitrite. However, since NO is also known to interact with other chemical entities, such as thiols, it would be valuable to have a rapid qualitative assay that could account for thiol binding and S-N bond cleavage in the presence of different reducing agents. A separation buffer consisting of 10 mM phosphate, 10 mM HCl, and 250 mM KCl is shown to be adequate for the separation of glutathione, nitrosylated glutathione, and glutathione disulfide solubilized in 2 M HCl. The current observed under these separation conditions (249 microA at 11 kV) is extremely high by capillary electrophoresis (CE) standards, with a total power (current x voltage/capillary length) calculated to be in excess of 7 W/m. While this exceeds the approximately 1.0 W/m recommended by previous studies as a maximum for CE-based separations, we demonstrate that effective CE separation of thiols can, in fact, be accomplished under these conditions with acceptable reproducibility, provided that buffer depletion issues are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E V Trushina
- Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Davies CA, Perrett D, Zhang Z, Nielsen BR, Blake DR, Winyard PG. Simultaneous analysis of nitrite, nitrate and the nicotinamide nucleotides by capillary electrophoresis: application to biochemical studies and human extracellular fluids. Electrophoresis 1999; 20:2111-7. [PMID: 10451123 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2683(19990701)20:10<2111::aid-elps2111>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A simple but rapid capillary electrophoresis method was developed for the measurement of nitrite and nitrate in human extracellular fluids and other aqueous solutions. The capabilities of the method were demonstrated by the measurement of endogenous nitrite and nitrate in plasma and serum samples from healthy volunteers, and serum and synovial fluid samples from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Furthermore, this method was used to simultaneously measure nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced (NADH), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), nitrite, and nitrate, when studying the nitrite reductase activity of xanthine oxidase. The stability of nitrite was also investigated and it was found that when whole blood was spiked with nitrite and then processed, the nitrite was more stable in the plasma than in the serum. Our findings may help to explain the variations in basal nitrite concentrations reported in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Davies
- Bone and Joint Research Unit and the Medical Unit, St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Whitechapel, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
This review deals with the separation mechanisms applied to the separation of inorganic anions by capillary electrophoresis (CE) techniques. It covers various CE techniques that are suitable for the separation and/or determination of inorganic anions in various matrices, including capillary zone electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, electrochromatography and capillary isotachophoresis. Detection and sample preparation techniques used in CE separations are also reviewed. An extensive part of this review deals with applications of CE techniques in various fields (environmental, food and plant materials, biological and biomedical, technical materials and industrial processes). Attention is paid to speciations of anions of arsenic, selenium, chromium, phosphorus, sulfur and halogen elements by CE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Kaniansky
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen X, Ruan C, Kong J, Deng J. Amperometric determination of nitrite based on reaction with 3-mercaptopropanoic acid. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
38
|
Bories PN, Scherman E, Dziedzic L. Analysis of nitrite and nitrate in biological fluids by capillary electrophoresis. Clin Biochem 1999; 32:9-14. [PMID: 10074886 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(98)00090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We report a method for determining nitrite and nitrate in biological fluids by capillary electrophoresis. METHODS A Waters capillary electrophoresis system was used with a filter for detection at 214 nm. After dilution with distilled water, the sample was loaded hydrostatically onto a 60 cm x 100 microm capillary and electrophoresed at 15 kV in 15 mmol/L sulfate buffer, pH 8.0, containing 2.5% electroosmotic flow modifier. RESULTS The retention times for nitrite and nitrate were 3.9 +/- 0.8 and 4.0 +/- 0.8 min, respectively. The detection limit was 10 micromol/L for serum nitrate. The recovery was 93-115% for nitrite and 92-106% for nitrate. The within-day and between-day coefficients of variation were lower than 3.3% and 5.0%, respectively, for two pools with normal (28 micromol/L) and high (87 micromol/L) nitrate concentration. A comparison with the nitrate reductase method gave a correlation coefficient of 0.982. CONCLUSION Capillary electrophoresis provides many advantages, namely low cost, small sample and buffer requirements, rapidity, which makes its use particularly suitable for clinical laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P N Bories
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|