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Varfaj I, Protti M, Di Michele A, Gonzalez-Rodriguez J, Carotti A, Sardella R, Mercolini L. Chromatographic enantioresolution and stereochemical characterization of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists with Whelk-O®1 chiral stationary phases under mass spectrometry compatible reversed-phase conditions: A study case with seized samples. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1317:342901. [PMID: 39030005 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Varfaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Protti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Michele
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Pascoli 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jose Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, LN6 7DL, UK
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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Fanali C, D’Orazio G, Gentili A, Fanali S. Analysis of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs by using Microfluidic Techniques: A Review. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916666200401124059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this review paper, miniaturized techniques, including both electromigration and liquid
chromatographic techniques, have been discussed considering their main features in the analytical field
for the separation and analysis of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). In Capillary Electrophoresis
(CE) and nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC), separation is performed in capillaries
with Internal Diameter (I.D.) lower than 100 μm and therefore flow rates in the range 100-1000 nL/min
are applied. Therefore, due to the low flow rate, high mass sensitivity can be obtained. Usually, conventional
UV detectors are used on-line; however, these techniques can be coupled with Mass Spectrometry
(MS). CE and nano-LC have also been applied to the separation of NSAIDs using silica stationary
phases (SP) modified with C<sub>18</sub> promoting interaction with analytes mainly based on hydrophobic
interaction. Besides, the use of chiral SP was found to be effective for the chiral resolution of these
compounds. In addition to silica phases, monolithic (both organic and inorganic) material has also been
used. Although most of the presented studies aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of the considered
microfluidic techniques, some applications to real samples have also been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fanali
- Faculty of Science, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome,Italy
| | - Giovanni D’Orazio
- Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km 29,300 - 00015 Monterotondo,Italy
| | - Alessandra Gentili
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza“, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, P.O. Box 34, Posta 62, 00185 Roma,Italy
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- Teaching Committee of Ph.D. School in Natural Science and Engineering, University of Verona, Verona,Italy
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Abstract
Background::
Nano level chiral separation is necessary and demanding in the development
of the drug, genomic, proteomic, and other chemical and the environmental sciences. Few drugs exist
in human body cells for some days at nano level concentrations, that are out of the jurisdiction of the
detection by standard separation techniques. Likewise, the separation and identification of xenobiotics
and other environmental contaminants (at nano or low levels) are necessary for our healthiness.
Discussion:
Conclusion:
This article will be beneficial for chiral chromatographers, academicians, pharmaceutical
industries, environmental researchers and Government regulation authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Arsh Basheer
- State University of New York, Flint Entrance, Amherst, NY 14260, Buffalo, United States
| | - Iqbal Hussain
- Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, Jubail Industrial City, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcus T. Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory - Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraiba-Campus I, 58051-970, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Teaching and Research Management - University Hospital, Cheminformatics Laboratory - Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraiba-Campus I, 58051-970, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medina Al-Munawara - 41477, Saudi Arabia
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Capriotti AL, Antonelli M, Antonioli D, Cavaliere C, Chiarcos R, Gianotti V, Piovesana S, Sparnacci K, Laus M, Laganà A. Effect of shell structure of Ti-immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography core-shell magnetic particles for phosphopeptide enrichment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15782. [PMID: 31673007 PMCID: PMC6823385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic materials in sample preparation for shotgun phosphoproteomics offer several advantages over conventional systems, as the enrichment can be achieved directly in solution, but they still suffer from some drawbacks, due to limited stability and selectivity, which is supposed to be affected by the hydrophilicity of the polymeric supports used for cation immobilization. The paper describes the development of an improved magnetic material with increased stability, thanks to a two-step covering of the magnetic core, for the enrichment of phosphopeptides in biological samples. Four materials were prepared featuring a polymeric shell with tunable hydrophilicity, obtained by "grafting from" polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate with 0-8.3% of polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA), the latter used to modulate the hydrophilicity of the material surface. Finally, the materials were functionalized with iminodiacetic acid for Ti4+ ion immobilization. The materials were analyzed for their composition by a combination of CHN elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis, also hyphenated to gas chromatography and mass spectrometric detection. Surface characteristics were evaluated by water contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. These materials were applied to the enrichment of phosphopeptides from yeast protein digests. Peptides were identified by proteomics techniques using nano-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and bioinformatics. Qualitatively the peptides identified by the four systems were comparable, with 1606-1693 phosphopeptide identifications and a selectivity of 47-54% for all materials. The physico-chemical features of the identified peptides were also the same for the four materials. In particular, the grand average of hydropathy index values indicated that the enriched phosphopeptides were hydrophilic (ca. 90%), and only some co-enriched non-phosphorylated peptides were hydrophobic (21-28%), regardless of the material used for enrichment. Peptides had a pI ≤ 7, which indicated a well-known bias for acidic peptides binding, attributed to the interaction with the metal center itself. The results indicated that the enrichment of phosphopeptides and the co-enrichment of non-phosphorylated peptides is mainly driven by interactions with Ti4+ and does not depend on the amount of PEGMA chains in the polymer shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Antonelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Antonioli
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
- INSTM, UdR Alessandria, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Chiarcos
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Valentina Gianotti
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
- INSTM, UdR Alessandria, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Katia Sparnacci
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
- INSTM, UdR Alessandria, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Michele Laus
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
- INSTM, UdR Alessandria, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, Cavazzini A, Gasparrini F, Pierri G, Piovesana S, Laganà A. A multidimensional liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry platform to improve protein identification in high-throughput shotgun proteomics. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1498:176-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Carraro ML, Palmeira A, Tiritan ME, Fernandes C, Pinto MMM. Resolution, determination of enantiomeric purity and chiral recognition mechanism of new xanthone derivatives on (S,S)-whelk-O1 stationary phase. Chirality 2017; 29:247-256. [PMID: 28439971 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The enantioresolution and determination of the enantiomeric purity of 32 new xanthone derivatives, synthesized in enantiomerically pure form, were investigated on (S,S)-Whelk-O1 chiral stationary phase (CSP). Enantioselectivity and resolution (α and RS ) with values ranging from 1.41-6.25 and from 1.29-17.20, respectively, were achieved. The elution was in polar organic mode with acetonitrile/methanol (50:50 v/v) as mobile phase and, generally, the (R)-enantiomer was the first to elute. The enantiomeric excess (ee) for all synthesized xanthone derivatives was higher than 99%. All the enantiomeric pairs were enantioseparated, even those without an aromatic moiety linked to the stereogenic center. Computational studies for molecular docking were carried out to perform a qualitative analysis of the enantioresolution and to explore the chiral recognition mechanisms. The in silico results were consistent with the chromatographic parameters and elution orders. The interactions between the CSP and the xanthone derivatives involved in the chromatographic enantioseparation were elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Carraro
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Maria E Tiritan
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), Gandra, Portugal
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
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Fanali S. An overview to nano-scale analytical techniques: Nano-liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1822-1829. [PMID: 28256745 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC) and CEC are microfluidic techniques mainly used for analytical purposes. They have been applied to the separation and analysis of a large number of compounds, e.g., peptides, proteins, drugs, enantiomers, antibiotics, pesticides, nutraceutical, etc. Analytes separation is carried out into capillaries containing selected stationary phase. The mobile phase is moved either by a pump (nano-LC) or by an EOF, respectively. The two tools can offer some advantages over conventional techniques, e.g., high selectivity, separation efficiency, resolution, short analysis time and consumption of low volumes of mobile phase. Flow rates in the range 50-800 nL/min are usually applied. The low flow rate reduces the chromatographic dilution increasing the mass sensitivity. Special attention must be paid in avoiding peak dispersion selecting the appropriate detector, injector and tube connection. Finally due to the low flow rate these microfluidic techniques can be easily coupled with mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Fanali
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies, Italian National Research Council, Monterotondo, Italy
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Fanali S. Nano-liquid chromatography applied to enantiomers separation. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1486:20-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rocchi S, Fanali C, Fanali S. Use of a Novel Sub-2 µm Silica Hydride Vancomycin Stationary Phase in Nano-Liquid Chromatography. II. Separation of Derivatized Amino Acid Enantiomers. Chirality 2015; 27:767-72. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rocchi
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies; Italian National Research Council (C.N.R.); Rome Italy
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | - Chiara Fanali
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca; Campus Bio-Medico University; Monterotondo Italy
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies; Italian National Research Council (C.N.R.); Rome Italy
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