1
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Katsuda T, Sussman JH, Ito K, Katznelson A, Yuan S, Takenaka N, Li J, Merrell AJ, Cure H, Li Q, Rasool RU, Asangani IA, Zaret KS, Stanger BZ. Cellular reprogramming in vivo initiated by SOX4 pioneer factor activity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1761. [PMID: 38409161 PMCID: PMC10897393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage elicits cell fate switching through a process called metaplasia, but how the starting cell fate is silenced and the new cell fate is activated has not been investigated in animals. In cell culture, pioneer transcription factors mediate "reprogramming" by opening new chromatin sites for expression that can attract transcription factors from the starting cell's enhancers. Here we report that SOX4 is sufficient to initiate hepatobiliary metaplasia in the adult mouse liver, closely mimicking metaplasia initiated by toxic damage to the liver. In lineage-traced cells, we assessed the timing of SOX4-mediated opening of enhancer chromatin versus enhancer decommissioning. Initially, SOX4 directly binds to and closes hepatocyte regulatory sequences via an overlapping motif with HNF4A, a hepatocyte master regulatory transcription factor. Subsequently, SOX4 exerts pioneer factor activity to open biliary regulatory sequences. The results delineate a hierarchy by which gene networks become reprogrammed under physiological conditions, providing deeper insight into the basis for cell fate transitions in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Katsuda
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jonathan H Sussman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenji Ito
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Katznelson
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Salina Yuan
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naomi Takenaka
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allyson J Merrell
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hector Cure
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qinglan Li
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Reyaz Ur Rasool
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irfan A Asangani
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth S Zaret
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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2
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Nguyen LT, Zimmermann K, Kowenz-Leutz E, Lim R, Hofstätter M, Mildner A, Leutz A. C/EBPβ-induced lymphoid-to-myeloid transdifferentiation emulates granulocyte-monocyte progenitor biology. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:112-125. [PMID: 38157851 PMCID: PMC10828814 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) induces primary v-Abl immortalized mouse B cells to transdifferentiate (BT, B cell transdifferentiation) into granulocyte-macrophage progenitor-like cells (GMPBTs). GMPBTs maintain cytokine-independent self-renewal, lineage choice, and multilineage differentiation. Single-cell transcriptomics demonstrated that GMPBTs comprise a continuum of myelomonopoietic differentiation states that seamlessly fit into state-to-fate maps of normal granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMPs). Inactivating v-Abl kinase revealed the dependence on activated CSF2-JAK2-STAT5 signaling. Deleting IRF8 diminished monopoiesis and enhanced granulopoiesis while removing C/EBPβ-abrogated self-renewal and granulopoiesis but permitted macrophage differentiation. The GMPBT culture system is easily scalable to explore the basics of GMP biology and lineage commitment and largely reduces ethically and legislatively debatable, labor-intensive, and costly animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Thuy Nguyen
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Integrative Oncology (BSIO), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Zimmermann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kowenz-Leutz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ramonique Lim
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Hofstätter
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Mildner
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biomedicine at University of Turku, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Achim Leutz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Goodlad JR, Xiao W, Amador C, Cook JR, Happ L, Thakkar D, Dave S, Dogan A, Duffield A, Nejati R, Ott G, Wasik M, Czader M. Phenotypic and genotypic infidelity in B-lineage neoplasms, including transdifferentiation following targeted therapy: Report from the 2021 SH/EAHP Workshop. Am J Clin Pathol 2023:7135991. [PMID: 37085149 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Session 2 of the 2021 Society for Hematopathology and European Association for Haematopathology Workshop collected examples of lineage infidelity and transdifferentiation in B-lineage neoplasms, including after targeted therapy. METHODS Twenty cases were submitted. Whole-exome sequencing and genome-wide RNA expression analysis were available on a limited subsample. RESULTS A diagnosis of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) was rendered on at least 1 biopsy from 13 patients. There was 1 case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML); the remaining 6 cases were mature B-cell neoplasms. Targeted therapy was administered in 7 cases of B-ALL and 4 cases of mature B-cell neoplasms. Six cases of B-ALL underwent lineage switch to AML or mixed-phenotype acute leukemia at relapse, 5 of which had rearranged KMT2A. Changes in maturational state without lineage switch were observed in 2 cases. Examples of de novo aberrant T-cell antigen expression (n = 2) were seen among the mature B-cell lymphoma cohort, and their presence correlated with alterations in tumor cell gene expression patterns. CONCLUSIONS This cohort of cases enabled us to illustrate, discuss, and review current concepts of lineage switch and aberrant antigen expression in a variety of B-cell neoplasms and draw attention to the role targeted therapies may have in predisposing neoplasms to transdifferentiation as well as other, less expected changes in maturational status.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Goodlad
- Department of Pathology, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Wenbin Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, US
| | - Catalina Amador
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, US
| | - James R Cook
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, US
| | | | | | - Sandeep Dave
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, US
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, US
| | - Amy Duffield
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, US
| | - Reza Nejati
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, US
| | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mariusz Wasik
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, US
| | - Magdalena Czader
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, US
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4
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Katsuda T, Sussman J, Ito K, Katznelson A, Yuan S, Li J, Merrell AJ, Takenaka N, Cure H, Li Q, Rasool RU, Asangani IA, Zaret KS, Stanger BZ. Physiological reprogramming in vivo mediated by Sox4 pioneer factor activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.14.528556. [PMID: 36824858 PMCID: PMC9948957 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.14.528556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Tissue damage elicits cell fate switching through a process called metaplasia, but how the starting cell fate is silenced and the new cell fate is activated has not been investigated in animals. In cell culture, pioneer transcription factors mediate "reprogramming" by opening new chromatin sites for expression that can attract transcription factors from the starting cell's enhancers. Here we report that Sox4 is sufficient to initiate hepatobiliary metaplasia in the adult liver. In lineage-traced cells, we assessed the timing of Sox4-mediated opening of enhancer chromatin versus enhancer decommissioning. Initially, Sox4 directly binds to and closes hepatocyte regulatory sequences via a motif it overlaps with Hnf4a, a hepatocyte master regulator. Subsequently, Sox4 exerts pioneer factor activity to open biliary regulatory sequences. The results delineate a hierarchy by which gene networks become reprogrammed under physiological conditions, providing deeper insight into the basis for cell fate transitions in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Katsuda
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonathan Sussman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kenji Ito
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andrew Katznelson
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
| | - Salina Yuan
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Allyson J. Merrell
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Naomi Takenaka
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hector Cure
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Qinglan Li
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
| | - Reyaz Ur Rasool
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Irfan A. Asangani
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kenneth S. Zaret
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ben Z. Stanger
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- The Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
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5
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Borges Figueira de Mello CD, Noriega LF, Gioia Di Chiacchio N, Ocampo-Garza J, Di Chiacchio N. Onychomatricoma of the Nail Bed. Skin Appendage Disord 2019; 5:165-168. [PMID: 31049340 PMCID: PMC6489368 DOI: 10.1159/000494096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Onychomatricoma is a rare and specific benign tumor of the nail complex, with uncertain etiology. The avulsion of the nail plate reveals cavitations and orifices in its proximal extremity. These are associated with villous tumor formations generating digitiform projections at the nail matrix - typical intraoperative findings. We report a rare case of onychomatricoma in which the nail bed was predominantly affected and show evidence of its clinical, intraoperative, and histopathological presentation. The various descriptions of the disease report that its origin is restricted to the nail matrix, leading to secondary changes in the nail plate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nilton Gioia Di Chiacchio
- Dermatology Clinic, Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Dermatology Clinic, Hospital da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Garza
- Dermatology Clinic, Hospital da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Nilton Di Chiacchio
- Dermatology Clinic, Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Pashov A, Hernandez Puente CV, Ibrahim SM, Monzavi-Karbassi B, Makhoul I, Kieber-Emmons T. Thinking Cancer. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2018; 37:117-125. [PMID: 29939836 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2018.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary theories are necessarily invoked for understanding cancer development at the level of species, at the level of cells and tissues, and for developing effective therapies. It is crucial to view cancer in a Darwinian light, where the differential survival of individual cells is based on heritable variations. In the process of this somatic evolution, multicellularity controls are overridden by cancer cells, which become increasingly autonomous. Ecological epigenetics also helps understand how rogue cells that have basically the same DNA as their normal cell counterpart overcome the tissue homeostasis. As we struggle to wrap our minds around the complexity of these phenomena, we apply often times anthropomorphic terms, such as subversion, hijacking, or hacking, to describe especially the most complex among them-the interaction of tumors with the immune system. In this commentary we highlight examples of the anthropomorphic thinking of cancer and try to put into context the relative meaning of terms and the mechanisms that are oftentimes invoked to justify those terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastas Pashov
- 1 Stephan Angelov Institute of Microbiology , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Behjatolah Monzavi-Karbassi
- 3 Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
- 4 Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Issam Makhoul
- 4 Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
- 5 Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Thomas Kieber-Emmons
- 3 Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
- 4 Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
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7
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Khan M, Siddiqi R, Naqvi K. An update on classification, genetics, and clinical approach to mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL). Ann Hematol 2018; 97:945-953. [PMID: 29546454 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-018-3297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is an uncommon diagnosis, representing only about 2-5% of acute leukemia cases. The blast cells of MPAL express multilineage immunophenotypic markers and may have a shared B/T/myeloid phenotype. Due to historical ambiguity in the diagnosis of MPAL, the genetics and clinical features of this disease remain poorly characterized. Based on the 2008 and 2016 World Health Organization classifications, myeloid lineage is best determined by presence of myeloperoxidase, while B and T lymphoid lineages are demonstrated by CD19 and cytoplasmic CD3 expression. MPAL typically carries a worse prognosis than either acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). Given the rarity of MPAL, there is a lack of prospective trial data to guide therapy; treatment generally relies on ALL-like regimens followed by consolidation chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Here, we review the updated classification, biology, clinical features, and treatment approach to MPAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Khan
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 402, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rabbia Siddiqi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Naqvi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 402, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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8
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Minacapelli CD, Bajpai M, Geng X, Cheng CL, Chouthai AA, Souza R, Spechler SJ, Das KM. Barrett's metaplasia develops from cellular reprograming of esophageal squamous epithelium due to gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G615-G622. [PMID: 28336546 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00268.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) clinically predisposes to columnar Barrett's metaplasia (BM) in the distal esophagus. We demonstrate evidence supporting the cellular origin of BM from reprograming or transcommitment of resident normal esophageal squamous (NES) epithelial cells in response to acid and bile (A + B) exposure using an in vitro cell culture model. The hTERT-immortalized NES cell line NES-B10T was exposed 5 min/day to an A + B mixture for 30 wk. Morphological changes, mRNA, and protein expression levels for the inflammatory marker cyclooxygenase-2; the lineage-determining transcription factors TAp63 (squamous), CDX2, and SOX9 (both columnar); and the columnar lineage markers Villin, Muc-2, CK8, and mAb Das-1 (incomplete phenotype of intestinal metaplasia) were assessed every 10 wk. Markers of columnar lineage and inflammation increased progressively, while squamous lineage-determining transcriptional factors were significantly decreased both at the mRNA and/or protein level in the NES-B10T cells at/after A + B treatment for 30 wk. Distinct modifications in morphological features were only observed at/after 30 wk of A + B exposure. These changes acquired by the NES-B10T 30-wk cells were retained even after cessation of A + B exposure for at least 3 wk. This study provides evidence that chronic exposure to the physiological components of gastric refluxate leads to repression of the discernable squamous transcriptional factors and activation of latent columnar transcriptional factors. This reflects the alteration in lineage commitment of the precursor-like biphenotypic, NES-B10T cells in response to A + B exposure as the possible origin of BM from the resident NES cells.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides evidence of the origins of Barrett's metaplasia from lineage transcommitment of resident esophageal cells after chronic exposure to gastroesophageal refluxate. The preterminal progenitor-like squamous cells alter their differentiation and develop biphenotypic characteristics, expressing markers of incomplete-type columnar metaplasia. Development of these biphenotypic precursors in vitro is a unique model to study pathogenesis of Barrett's metaplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Minacapelli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Manisha Bajpai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Xin Geng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Christina L Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Abhishek A Chouthai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Rhonda Souza
- Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System-Dallas and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Stuart J Spechler
- Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System-Dallas and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kiron M Das
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
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9
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Cirovic B, Schönheit J, Kowenz-Leutz E, Ivanovska J, Klement C, Pronina N, Bégay V, Leutz A. C/EBP-Induced Transdifferentiation Reveals Granulocyte-Macrophage Precursor-like Plasticity of B Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:346-359. [PMID: 28111277 PMCID: PMC5312250 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphoid-myeloid transdifferentiation potentials of members of the C/EBP family (C/EBPα, β, δ, and ε) were compared in v-Abl-immortalized primary B cells. Conversion of B cells to macrophages was readily induced by the ectopic expression of any C/EBP, and enhanced by endogenous C/EBPα and β activation. High transgene expression of C/EBPβ or C/EBPε, but not of C/EBPα or C/EBPδ, also induced the formation of granulocytes. Granulocytes and macrophages emerged in a mutually exclusive manner. C/EBPβ-expressing B cells produced granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (GMP)-like progenitors when subjected to selective pressure to eliminate lymphoid cells. The GMP-like progenitors remained self-renewing and cytokine-independent, and continuously produced macrophages and granulocytes. In addition to their suitability to study myelomonocytic lineage bifurcation, lineage-switched GMP-like progenitors could reflect the features of the lympho-myeloid lineage switch observed in leukemic progression. Transactivating C/EBP family members transdifferentiate B cells to myeloid cells C/EBPβ or C/EBPε transdifferentiate B cells to macrophages and granulocytes Transgene dosage determines granulocyte versus macrophage cell-type outcome C/EBP-mediated B cell conversion elicits GMP-like potential
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Cirovic
- Department of Tumorigenesis and Cell Differentiation, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Straße10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-University of Berlin, Institute of Biology, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Schönheit
- Department of Tumorigenesis and Cell Differentiation, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Straße10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kowenz-Leutz
- Department of Tumorigenesis and Cell Differentiation, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Straße10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jelena Ivanovska
- Department of Tumorigenesis and Cell Differentiation, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Straße10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Klement
- Department of Tumorigenesis and Cell Differentiation, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Straße10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Pronina
- Department of Tumorigenesis and Cell Differentiation, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Straße10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Valérie Bégay
- Department of Tumorigenesis and Cell Differentiation, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Straße10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Leutz
- Department of Tumorigenesis and Cell Differentiation, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Straße10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-University of Berlin, Institute of Biology, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Espinoza JA, Bizama C, García P, Ferreccio C, Javle M, Miquel JF, Koshiol J, Roa JC. The inflammatory inception of gallbladder cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1865:245-54. [PMID: 26980625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is a lethal disease with notable geographical variations worldwide and a predilection towards women. Its main risk factor is prolonged exposure to gallstones, although bacterial infections and other inflammatory conditions are also associated. The recurrent cycles of gallbladder epithelium damage and repair enable a chronic inflammatory environment that promotes progressive morphological impairment through a metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma, along with cumulative genome instability. Inactivation of TP53, which is mutated in over 50% of GBC cases, seems to be the earliest and one of the most important carcinogenic pathways involved. Increased cell turnover and oxidative stress promote early alteration of TP53, cell cycle deregulation, apoptosis and replicative senescence. In this review, we will discuss evidence for the role of inflammation in gallbladder carcinogenesis obtained through epidemiological studies, genome-wide association studies, experimental carcinogenesis, morphogenetic studies and comparative studies with other inflammation-driven malignancies. The evidence strongly supports chronic, unresolved inflammation as the main carcinogenic mechanism of gallbladder cancer, regardless of the initial etiologic trigger. Given this central role of inflammation, evaluation of the potential for GBC prevention removing causes of inflammation or using anti-inflammatory drugs in high-risk populations may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Espinoza
- SciLifeLab, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm SE171 76, Sweden
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Department of Pathology, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Patricia García
- Department of Pathology, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Catterina Ferreccio
- Department of Public Health, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Milind Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Juan F Miquel
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda 20850, MD, USA
| | - Juan C Roa
- Department of Pathology, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
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Abstract
Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) encompasses a heterogeneous group of rare leukemias in which assigning a single lineage of origin is not possible. A variety of different terms and classification systems have been used historically to describe this entity. MPAL is currently defined by a limited set of lineage-specific markers proposed in the 2008 World Health Organization monograph on classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. In adult patients, MPAL is characterized by relative therapeutic resistance that may be attributed in part to the high proportion of patients with adverse cytogenetic abnormalities. No prospective, controlled trials exist to guide therapy. The limited available data suggest that an "acute lymphoblastic leukemia-like" regimen followed by allogeneic stem-cell transplant may be advisable; addition of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor in patients with t(9;22) translocation is recommended. The role of immunophenotypic and genetic markers in guiding chemotherapy choice and postremission strategy, as well as the utility of targeted therapies in non-Ph-positive MPALs is unknown.
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