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Tarantino S, Papetti L, Di Stefano A, Messina V, Ursitti F, Ferilli MAN, Sforza G, Moavero R, Vigevano F, Gentile S, Valeriani M. Anxiety, Depression, and Body Weight in Children and Adolescents With Migraine. Front Psychol 2020; 11:530911. [PMID: 33192771 PMCID: PMC7655930 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.530911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a lack of studies that explore the possible association between body weight, psychological symptoms, and migraine severity in pediatric populations. The purpose of the study was to explore: (1) the association between body weight and the frequency of migraine attacks, (2) the possible differences in anxiety and depression symptoms according to the frequency of attacks and body weight, and (3) the possible mediating role of anxiety and/or depression in the association between body weight and frequency of migraine attacks in children. Methods: One hundred and eleven children/adolescents with migraine were included (47 boys and 64 girls; mean age 11.7; ±2.4 years). The patients were classified as: (1) high frequency patients, reporting from weekly to daily episodes and (2) low frequency patients, with ≤3 episodes per month. According to their body mass index percentiles, the patients were divided in “Normal weight” (from ≥5 to <85 percentile), “Overweight” (from ≥85 to <95 percentile), and “Obese” (≥95 percentile). Given the low number of obese patients, the overweight and obese groups were considered together in the “Overweight” group. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed by the Self-Administered Psychiatric Scales for Children and Adolescents (SAFA). Results: Fifty-four patients were normal in weight (49.6%), while 56 patients (50.4%) were overweight. The overweight patients showed a higher frequency of migraine attacks (64.7%; p < 0.05). Patients with a high frequency of attacks reported higher scores in all SAFA-Anxiety subscales (SAFA-A Tot: F = 15.107; p = 0.000). Overweight patients showed a significantly higher score in the “Separation anxiety” subscale (F = 7.855; p = 0.006). We found a mediating role between the overweight and high frequency for total anxiety (z = 2.11 ± 0.03; p < 0.05) and social anxiety (z = 2.04 ± 0.03; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that, among the children suffering from migraine, the overweight status is associated with a higher frequency of attacks and separation anxiety symptoms. In particular, our study provides the first evidence of the role of anxiety in linking overweight and the frequency of migraine attacks in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuela Tarantino
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Papetti
- Headache Center, Division of Neurology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Stefano
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Messina
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Ursitti
- Headache Center, Division of Neurology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Ada Noris Ferilli
- Headache Center, Division of Neurology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Sforza
- Headache Center, Division of Neurology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Moavero
- Headache Center, Division of Neurology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Vigevano
- Headache Center, Division of Neurology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Gentile
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Valeriani
- Headache Center, Division of Neurology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Pietrabissa G, Rossi A, Borrello M, Manzoni GM, Mannarini S, Castelnuovo G, Molinari E. Development and Validation of a Self-Determination Theory-Based Measure of Motivation to Exercise and Diet in Children. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1299. [PMID: 32714231 PMCID: PMC7340182 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To develop and test the factorial structure of a new self-determination theory–based measure of behavioral regulation in children. Methods: Five hundred ninety 590 (F = 51.7%) children aged 7 to 11 years completed the Motivation to Exercise and Diet (MED-C) questionnaire, which comprises 16 items (eight for exercise and eight for diet) grouped into eight factors (five motivations and three needs). Psychometric testing included confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency. Measurement invariance analyses were also performed to evaluate whether the factorial structure of the MED-C was equivalent for gender (male vs. female), age (≤9 vs. ≥10 years), and the perception of having at least one parent with overweight or obesity (yes vs. no). Results: Factorial analysis confirmed an acceptable factors solution for the MED-C and a good fit to the data for both the exercise and the diet subscales assessed independently. The maximal reliability coefficient revealed good reliability for the exercise and the diet subscales. Moreover, the MED-C factor structure was invariant across group comparisons. Discussion: Findings support the construct validity and reliability of the MED-C. Therefore, it represents the first validated instrument simultaneously measuring motivational regulation and psychological need satisfaction in the context of children’s exercise and diet. Considering the goodness of these results, scale percentile ranks of the total score distribution as well as the z score and the T score were provided for clinical and research purposes. Conclusion: The MED-C might support the understanding of motivations and needs of children with weight problems and assist their process of behavioral change in primary and secondary prevention programs. Psychological factors represent, in fact, potential targets for interventions to increase children’s motivation to exercise and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Pietrabissa
- Clinical Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Borrello
- Department of Psychology, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Gian Mauro Manzoni
- Clinical Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Stefania Mannarini
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Clinical Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Molinari
- Clinical Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Giovagnoli S, Mandolesi L, Magri S, Gualtieri L, Fabbri D, Tossani E, Benassi M. Internalizing Symptoms in Developmental Dyslexia: A Comparison Between Primary and Secondary School. Front Psychol 2020; 11:461. [PMID: 32265786 PMCID: PMC7105858 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the relationship between developmental dyslexia (DD) and the risk of occurrence of internalizing symptomatology has been widely investigated in the extant literature, different findings have been reported. In this study, two experiments with two general purposes are presented. The first study investigates whether the differences in the severity of internalizing symptoms between DD and controls are greater in students attending secondary school than in those attending primary school. Sixty-five DD and 169 controls attending primary and secondary school took part in the first study. The diagnosis of dyslexia was obtained from standardized reading tests; internalizing symptom severity was assessed with the Self Administrated Psychiatric Scales for Children and Adolescents questionnaire. The results showed that adolescents with dyslexia had an increased level of self-perceived anxiety, depression and somatic symptoms, whereas no significant differences between DD and controls emerged in childhood. In the second study, a cohort of adolescents attending secondary school (DD = 44; controls = 51) was closely analyzed to clarify whether contextual and subjective factors could contribute toward exacerbating the risk of internalizing symptomatology at that age. Internalizing symptom severity was assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self Report questionnaire, decision-making factors were measured with the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire, and student’s quality of life was gaged using the Clipper test. The results showed that high levels of internalizing symptoms in DD were associated with a low level of self-esteem and the tendency to react to problematic situations with hyperactivation. By contrast, positive relationships with peers were associated with low symptom severity. In conclusion, the intensified internalizing symptoms that could emerge in adolescents in association with the presence of dyslexia are predicted by social protective and risk factors that are associated with symptom severity. Accordingly, the results suggest that remediation programs for dyslexia should include implementing motivation strategies, self-esteem enhancement activities and building peers networks that, starting in childhood, can prevent the appearance of internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Giovagnoli
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Mandolesi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Magri
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Gualtieri
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (AUSL) della Romagna, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Daniela Fabbri
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (AUSL) della Romagna, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Eliana Tossani
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Psychopathological and personality traits underlie decision making in recent onset medication naïve anorexia nervosa: a pilot study. Psychiatry Res 2014; 216:89-96. [PMID: 24512735 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) analyzes the ability of participants to sacrifice immediate rewards in view of a long term gain. Anorexia Nervosa (AN) in addition to weight loss and body image disturbances is also characterized by the tendency to make decisions that may result in long-term negative outcomes. Studies that analyzed IGT performance in patients with AN were not consistent with each other. Fifteen adolescents with AN and 15 matched controls carried out IGT after being clinically and neuropsychologically evaluated. An interesting generalized estimating equation approach showed that four independent clinical variables, and not the group, explained IGT performances, such as blocks repetition, anxiety, psychogenic eating disorders and self transcendence. The impairment of decision making is not related to the diagnosis of AN, but it is driven by high levels of anxiety and self transcendence. Instead, some psychogenic eating disorders traits, related to illness severity, positively affected IGT performance in the whole sample. IGT impairment in AN found by prior studies could be related to these clinical features which are not always taken into account.
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