1
|
Meule A. Cut-off scores for the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-short form (BIS-15): sense and nonsense. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:1149-1152. [PMID: 37486098 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2241111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Meule
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rossi AA, Mannarini S, Semonella M, Castelnuovo G, Pietrabissa G. The Association between Grazing and Food Addiction: The Italian Version of the Repetitive Eating Questionnaire (Rep(Eat)-Q) and Its Relationships with Food Addiction Criteria. Nutrients 2024; 16:949. [PMID: 38612983 PMCID: PMC11013059 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the dysfunctional eating behaviors associated with excessive food intake, a construct that is gaining increasing attention is grazing-the constant, continuous, compulsive, and repetitive consumption of small/moderate amounts of food. Furthermore, in some cases, grazing seems to indicate a dependence on food and/or eating. Currently, the Repetitive Eating Questionnaire (Rep(Eat)-Q) appears to be the only questionnaire that comprehensively measures grazing, including its repetitive and compulsive eating component. Therefore, in a sample of individuals with severe obesity, the objective of this study was twofold: (A) to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Rep(Eat)-Q, and (B) to analyze the association between grazing and food addiction (FA). METHOD A cross-sectional research design was used. A total of 402 inpatients with severe obesity (BMI > 35) were recruited. Participants underwent a series of questionnaires to investigate structural validity and convergent validity and association with FA criteria. RESULTS The factorial structure of the Rep(Eat)-Q is robust and showed fit indexes: CFI = 0.973; RMSEA = 0.074; 90%CI [0.056-0.091]; and SRMR = 0.029. Also, it exhibited good internal consistency and convergent validity. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis highlights a specific association between certain FA criteria and grazing. CONCLUSIONS The Rep(Eat)-Q can be considered to be a concise, robust, reliable, and statistically sound tool to assess repetitive eating, specifically grazing. Its strong psychometric properties offer significant advantages for both research and clinical applications. Furthermore, in a sample of individuals with severe obesity, the results suggest that individuals with problematic grazing exhibit a typical behavioral profile of subjects with FA, indicating that FA can manifest through problematic grazing as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Alberto Rossi
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Mannarini
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Michelle Semonella
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel;
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (G.P.)
- Clinical Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (G.P.)
- Clinical Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grosu C, Klauser P, Dwir D, Khadimallah I, Alemán-Gómez Y, Laaboub N, Piras M, Fournier M, Preisig M, Conus P, Draganski B, Eap CB. Associations between antipsychotics-induced weight gain and brain networks of impulsivity. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:162. [PMID: 38531873 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the unpredictable rapid onset and ubiquitous consequences of weight gain induced by antipsychotics, there is a pressing need to get insights into the underlying processes at the brain system level that will allow stratification of "at risk" patients. The pathophysiological hypothesis at hand is focused on brain networks governing impulsivity that are modulated by neuro-inflammatory processes. To this aim, we investigated brain anatomy and functional connectivity in patients with early psychosis (median age: 23 years, IQR = 21-27) using anthropometric data and magnetic resonance imaging acquired one month to one year after initiation of AP medication. Our analyses included 19 patients with high and rapid weight gain (i.e., ≥5% from baseline weight after one month) and 23 patients with low weight gain (i.e., <5% from baseline weight after one month). We replicated our analyses in young (26 years, IQR = 22-33, N = 102) and middle-aged (56 years, IQR = 51-62, N = 875) healthy individuals from the general population. In early psychosis patients, higher weight gain was associated with poor impulse control score (β = 1.35; P = 0.03). Here, the observed brain differences comprised nodes of impulsivity networks - reduced frontal lobe grey matter volume (Pcorrected = 0.007) and higher striatal volume (Pcorrected = 0.048) paralleled by disruption of fronto-striatal functional connectivity (R = -0.32; P = 0.04). Weight gain was associated with the inflammatory biomarker plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (β = 4.9, P = 0.002). There was no significant association between increased BMI or weight gain and brain anatomy characteristics in both cohorts of young and middle-aged healthy individuals. Our findings support the notion of weight gain in treated psychotic patients associated with poor impulse control, impulsivity-related brain networks and chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Grosu
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland.
| | - Paul Klauser
- Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Daniella Dwir
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Ines Khadimallah
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Yasser Alemán-Gómez
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
- Connectomics Lab, Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nermine Laaboub
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Piras
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Margot Fournier
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Centre for Research in Neuroscience - Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurology Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chin B Eap
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Panzeri A, Castelnuovo G, Spoto A. Assessing Discriminant Validity through Structural Equation Modeling: The Case of Eating Compulsivity. Nutrients 2024; 16:550. [PMID: 38398874 PMCID: PMC10892802 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Food addiction (FA) and disordered eating behaviors related to obesity are gaining attention in clinical and research fields. The modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS2.0) is the gold standard questionnaire to measure FA, while another tool is the Measure of Eating Compulsivity 10 (MEC10). Discriminant validity is present when two measures of similar but distinct constructs show a correlation that is low enough for the factors to be regarded as distinct. However, the discriminant validity of these measures has never been tested. Through a cross-sectional study design, 717 inpatients (females: 56.20%, age: 53.681 ± 12.74) with severe obesity completed the MEC10, Binge Eating Scale (BES), and mYFAS2.0. A structural equation model (SEM) was fitted, freely estimating latent correlations with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The results confirmed the scales' excellent psychometric properties. Importantly, latent factor correlations between MEC10 and mYFAS2.0 (est = 0.783, 95% CI [0.76, 0.80]) supported their discriminant validity. In contrast, the latent correlation of MEC10 and BES (est = 0.86, 95% CI [0.84, 0.87]) exceeded the recommended thresholds, indicating the absence of discriminant validity and suggesting a potential overlap, consistent with previous evidence. In conclusion, MEC10 demonstrates excellent psychometric properties but is more a measure of BED and not FA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Panzeri
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Clinical Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Giuseppe Hospital, 28824 Verbania, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Spoto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Téllez-Rodríguez MA, Amaya-Hernández A, Ortega-Luyando M, Serrano-Juárez CA, Yáñez-Téllez G, López-Alonso VE, Mancilla-Diaz JM, Escartín-Pérez RE. Exploratory study of the prevalence of food addiction and its relationship with executive functioning, depression, and reinforcement sensitivity in a sample of Mexican adults. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1277681. [PMID: 38106896 PMCID: PMC10722417 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1277681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study of food addiction (FA) has become relevant due to its high prevalence, the negative impact on quality of life, and its association with neuropsychological and psychiatric symptoms. Several studies have provided scientific support for these associations, however, the results are contradictory. Additionally, studies have unsuccessfully elucidated the true nature of the failures in executive functioning in people with FA symptomatology, particularly when it comes to executive deficits. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to establish whether the presence of executive dysfunction, depressive symptoms and binge eating problems, as well as high reward sensitivity entails a greater severity in FA traits and high body mass index (BMI) in a sample of Mexican adults. Methods The sample consisted of Mexican men and women between 21-59 years (n = 36); who completed self-report questionnaires and performance tests to measure the study variables. Additionally, BMI was estimated with self-reported height and weight. Results Our results showed that a high number of FA symptoms were associated with higher executive dysfunction scores, greater reward sensitivity, and more severe depressive and binge eating problems. Furthermore, factors that are more strongly associated with higher scores of FA include severe executive deficits, greater activation of the punishment avoidance system, and persistence in the search for reward when the depressive symptoms increased. The factors that best explained changes in the estimated BMI of women were a decreased crystallized intellectual capacity and the inability to control food intake as the number of FA symptoms increased. Discussion In summary, the cognitive functioning profile characterized by general failure of the executive functioning, as well as a greater activation of the Punishment Avoidance System and persistence in the search for reward, were associated with greater severity of FA symptoms, especially when the depressive symptomatology was severe. In parallel, the psychopathology in participants associated with FA confirms the contribution of anxious and depressive symptomatology and borderline personality traits which could facilitate the expression of clinically relevant FA symptoms in women. Finally, we found that decreased crystallized intellectual capacity and inability to control food intake were linked to higher BMI when the number of FA symptoms increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marybeth Alejandra Téllez-Rodríguez
- Programa de Maestría en Psicología, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Residencia en Neuropsicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Adriana Amaya-Hernández
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Nutrition Research Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Mayaro Ortega-Luyando
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Nutrition Research Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto Serrano-Juárez
- Programa de Maestría en Psicología, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Residencia en Neuropsicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Guillermina Yáñez-Téllez
- Programa de Maestría en Psicología, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Residencia en Neuropsicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Verónica Elsa López-Alonso
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Nutrition Research Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratory of Neurobiology of Eating, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Mancilla-Diaz
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Nutrition Research Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratory of Neurobiology of Eating, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Erick Escartín-Pérez
- Programa de Maestría en Psicología, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Residencia en Neuropsicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Nutrition Research Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratory of Neurobiology of Eating, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schankweiler P, Raddatz D, Ellrott T, Hauck Cirkel C. Correlates of Food Addiction and Eating Behaviours in Patients with Morbid Obesity. Obes Facts 2023; 16:465-474. [PMID: 37544305 PMCID: PMC10601678 DOI: 10.1159/000531528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Food addiction (FA) is a promising construct regarding the multifactorial aetiology of obesity and the search for therapeutic approaches. However, there is an ongoing debate regarding the overlap/differentiation with eating disorders and the classification as a substance- or behaviour-related addiction. Energy-dense foods, especially those combining carbohydrates and fat, are associated with addictive eating and suspected of playing a role in the genesis of FA. This study aims to further understand the clinical significance of FA and to identify possible therapeutic targets. A special focus is set on potentially addictive foods (combination of carbohydrates and fat). METHODS Based on the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, a cohort of 112 German adults with morbid obesity was divided into two sub-samples (patients with and without FA), which were examined for differences in the variables listed below. RESULTS The prevalence of FA was 25%. Patients meeting criteria for FA showed higher degrees of hunger, emotional, binge, and night eating than patients without FA. In addition, hunger and disinhibition were found to be significant predictors of FA. FA was not associated with sex, age, body mass index (BMI), cognitive restraint, rigid and flexible control, prevalence of substance use, age of onset of obesity, stress level, level of social support, reduction of BMI during a weight loss programme, or programme withdrawal rate. There was no significant difference in the consumption of foods rich in both carbohydrates and fat, nor of fat or carbohydrates alone. CONCLUSION FA can be considered as a sub-phenotype of obesity, occurring in approximately 25% of obesity cases. Dysfunctional emotional coping mechanisms associated with low distress tolerance showed to be significantly related to FA and should be targeted therapeutically. Behavioural interventions should include a bio-psycho-social model. Binge eating episodes were found to be characteristic for FA and the already stated overlap between FA and binge eating behaviour can be confirmed. The results do not support a decisive difference due to a substance-related component of FA. Despite this, the existence of FA as a distinct entity cannot be excluded, as not all patients with FA exhibit binges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Schankweiler
- Institute for Nutrition and Psychology at the Georg-August-University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Raddatz
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ellrott
- Institute for Nutrition and Psychology at the Georg-August-University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Hauck Cirkel
- Institute for Nutrition and Psychology at the Georg-August-University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dissociative experiences of compartmentalization are associated with food addiction symptoms: results from a cross-sectional report. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:28. [PMID: 36867281 PMCID: PMC9984353 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have shown significant associations of dissociative symptoms with both eating and addictive disorders; however, the different forms of dissociation have been relatively understudied in relation to food addiction (FA). The main aim of this study was to investigate the association of certain forms of dissociative experiences (i.e., absorption, detachment and compartmentalization) with FA symptoms in a nonclinical sample. METHODS Participants (N = 755; 543 women; age range: 18-65; mean age: 28.22 ± 9.99 years) were evaluated using self-report measures of FA, dissociation, eating disturbances, and general psychopathology. RESULTS Compartmentalization experiences (defined as pathological over-segregation of higher mental functions) were independently associated with FA symptoms (β = 0.174; p = 0.013; CI = [0.008; 0.064]) even when confounding factors were controlled for. CONCLUSION This finding suggests that compartmentalization symptoms can have a role in the conceptualization of FA, with such two phenomena possibly sharing common pathogenic processes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
Collapse
|
8
|
Parnarouskis L, Leventhal AM, Ferguson SG, Gearhardt AN. Withdrawal: A key consideration in evaluating whether highly processed foods are addictive. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13507. [PMID: 36196649 PMCID: PMC9786266 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Researchers are currently debating whether theories of addiction explain compulsive overeating of highly processed (HP) foods (i.e., industrially created foods high in refined carbohydrates and/or fat), which contributes to obesity and diet-related disease. A subset of individuals consumes HP foods with behavioral phenotypes that mirror substance use disorders. Withdrawal, the emergence of aversive physical and psychological symptoms upon reduction or cessation of substance use, is a core component of addiction that was central to historical debates about other substances' addictive potential (e.g., nicotine and cocaine). However, no one has systematically considered evidence for whether HP foods cause withdrawal, which represents a key knowledge gap regarding the utility of addiction models for understanding compulsive overeating. Thus, we reviewed evidence for whether animals and humans exhibit withdrawal when reducing or eliminating HP food intake. Controlled experimental evidence indicates animals experience HP food withdrawal marked by neural reward changes and behaviors consistent with withdrawal from other addictive substances. In humans, preliminary evidence supports subjective withdrawal-like experiences. However, most current human research is limited to retrospective recall. Further experimental research is needed to evaluate this construct. We outline future research directions to investigate HP food withdrawal in humans and consider potential clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stuart G Ferguson
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pape M, Färber T, Seiferth C, Roth T, Schroeder S, Wolstein J, Herpertz S, Steins-Loeber S. A Tailored Gender-Sensitive mHealth Weight Loss Intervention (I-GENDO): Development and Process Evaluation. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e38480. [PMID: 36301614 PMCID: PMC9650578 DOI: 10.2196/38480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity worldwide, the number of digital weight loss interventions has also risen. However, these interventions often lack theoretical background and data on long-term effectiveness. The consideration of individual and gender differences in weight-related psychological parameters might enhance the efficacy and sustainability of mobile-based weight loss interventions. OBJECTIVE This paper presented an introduction to and the process evaluation of a 12-week gender-sensitive mobile health (mHealth) weight loss intervention (I-GENDO) combining computer-based and self-tailoring features. METHODS Between August 2020 and August 2021, individuals with overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m²), those with obesity class I (BMI 30.0-34.9 kg/m²), and those with obesity class II (BMI 35.0-39.9 kg/m²) were recruited to the I-GENDO project, a multicenter study in Germany. The mHealth intervention aimed at targeting individual psychological factors associated with the development and persistence of overweight and obesity (eg, emotional eating) using computer-based tailoring. Moreover, the intervention took a gender-sensitive approach by implementing self-tailoring of gender-targeted module versions. The computer-based assignment of the main modules, self-selection of gender-targeted module versions, and use patterns were evaluated while considering gender. Moreover, gender differences in the usability assessment were analyzed. RESULTS Data from the intervention arm of the study were processed. A total of 116 individuals with overweight and obesity (77/116, 66.4% women; age mean 47.28, SD 11.66 years; BMI mean 33.58, SD 3.79 kg/m2) were included in the analyses. Overall, the compliance (90/109, 82.6%) and satisfaction with the app (mean 86% approval) were high and comparable with those of other mobile weight loss interventions. The usability of the intervention was rated with 71% (5.0/7.0 points) satisfaction. More women obtained the main module that focused on emotion regulation skills. Most men and women selected women-targeted versions of the main modules. Women used the app more frequently and longer than men. However, women and men did not differ in the progress of use patterns throughout the intervention. CONCLUSIONS We developed a tailored gender-sensitive mHealth weight loss intervention. The usability of and engagement with the intervention were satisfactory, and the overall satisfaction with the intervention was also high. Gender differences must be considered in the evaluation of the effectiveness and sustainability of the intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pape
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Färber
- Department of Pathopsychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Seiferth
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Roth
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schroeder
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
- Department of Pathopsychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Joerg Wolstein
- Department of Pathopsychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herpertz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Parnarouskis L, Gearhardt AN. Preliminary Evidence that Tolerance and Withdrawal Occur in Response to Ultra-processed Foods. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
11
|
Laurent J, Martin AR, Tompkins CL. Persistent and Unsuccessful Attempts to Cut Down on Ultra-Processed Foods and the Associated Challenges for Dietary Adherence. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
12
|
Wang D, Huang K, Schulte E, Zhou W, Li H, Hu Y, Fu J. The Association Between Food Addiction and Weight Status in School-Age Children and Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:824234. [PMID: 35615452 PMCID: PMC9125319 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.824234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between food addiction (FA) and weight status in children and adolescents remains poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the association between FA and weight status using the validated Chinese version of the dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 (dYFAS-C 2.0). Methods Participants were enrolled from clinic visitors for regular physical check in a children's hospital. The dYFAS-C 2.0 was translated into Chinese and validated using reliability and validity tests. The participants' body mass index Z score (BMIZ) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were used to characterize weight status. The FA severity was assessed using the translated dYFAS-C 2.0. Results Among the 903 children and adolescents enrolled, 426 (47.2%) completed the survey [277 (65%) females and 149 (35%) males]. The Cronbach α of translated dYFAS-C 2.0 was 0.934, and confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable model fit. FA correlated positively with BMIZ and WHtR in the whole sample after adjusting for the effect of gender (p < 0.001). Further analyses showed that the correlation remained significant in participants with BMIZ > 1 (p = 0.006) but not in those with BMIZ ≤ 1 (p = 0.220). However, the correlations between FA and WHtR were statistically significant in both participants with or without abdominal obesity (p < 0.05). The FA could explain 12.1 and 15.8% of variance in BMIZ and WHtR, respectively. The corresponding cutoff points of FA for excessive weight risk were 0.7 (BMIZ) and 0.4 (WHtR). Conclusion The dYFAS-C 2.0 has good reliability and validity in the Chinese population. FA is associated with weight status characterized by BMIZ and WHtR, especially in participants with BMIZ > 1 and in those with abdominal obesity. Clinical Trial Registration [www.chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR2100052239].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Erica Schulte
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wanying Zhou
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Huiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuzheng Hu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Clinical Considerations of Ultra-processed Food Addiction Across Weight Classes: an Eating Disorder Treatment and Care Perspective. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022; 9:255-267. [PMID: 35531579 PMCID: PMC9058754 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review To examine the prevalence rates of ultra-processed food addiction across different weight classes and offer guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Clinicians are provided with practical considerations in the assessment of ultra-processed food addiction beyond the use of validated instruments. Recent Findings The weighted mean prevalence of ultra-processed food addiction is approximately 20% worldwide and varies widely based on the sample. At first glance, there appears a linear relationship between ultra-processed food addiction and BMI class. Further investigation indicates a J-shaped curve with heightened prevalence among the underweight. These findings highlight the need to assess for additional factors that may increase objective or subjective food addiction symptoms including eating disorders, dietary restraint, and other mental health diagnoses. Summary While clinical considerations across different weight classes vary, overemphasis on weight status may detract from the clinical utility of the ultra-processed food addiction construct. Considering weight status in conjunction with other psychiatric symptoms helps to better understand the various biopsychosocial mechanisms that influence eating behavior and can inform individualized treatment strategies.
Collapse
|
14
|
Vidmar AP, Yamashita N, Fox DS, Hegedus E, Wee CP, Salvy SJ. Can a Behavioral Weight-Loss Intervention Change Adolescents' Food Addiction Severity? Child Obes 2022; 18:206-212. [PMID: 35006001 PMCID: PMC8982119 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2021.0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study examines changes in the Yale Food Addiction Scale symptom count over a 24-week, weight-loss mobile Health (mHealth) intervention incorporating elements of addiction medicine. Methods: Adolescents (n = 117) with obesity (15.5 ± 1.3 years; 66% Hispanic) were randomized to the following: (1) mHealth intervention (AppAlone), (2) mHealth intervention+coaching (AppCoach), or (3) in-person intervention (Control). A multivariate mixed Poisson regression model was used to evaluate changes in symptom counts across intervention arms after adjusting for sex, age, depressive symptomatology, stress, and executive function. Results: After the intervention, 57% of adolescents showed a decrease in symptom count (median change: -0.3 [0 to -1.5]), with a significant change by intervention arm in the intention-to-treat analysis (p = 0.045). There was a positive linear relationship between change in symptom count and change in depressive symptomatology (p < 0.01) and stress (p < 0.01), with no association with change in weight (p = 0.3). Discussion: Both mHealth and in-person obesity interventions seemed to confer benefits in food addiction symptomatology associated with change in mood and stress. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT035008353.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaina P. Vidmar
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Address correspondence to: Alaina P. Vidmar, MD, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, Mailstop #61, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Nozomi Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D. Steven Fox
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Economics, School of Pharmacy of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hegedus
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Choo Phei Wee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Southern California Clinical and Translational Science Institute (SC-CTSI), Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah J. Salvy
- Cancer Research Center on Health Equity, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Characteristics of individuals seeking addictive eating treatment. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2779-2786. [PMID: 33646515 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is increasing interest in food addiction and its potential treatment. However, little is known about the characteristics of people seeking addictive eating treatment, which is important to develop appropriate treatment and referral pathways. The aim was to describe the characteristics of individuals seeking addictive eating treatment and examine differences between eligible participants who did and did not engage in treatment. METHODS Participants interested in an addictive eating treatment were recruited to an online screening survey. The 55-item survey included demographic questions, body satisfaction; weight-loss attempts; the modified Yale Food Addiction Survey (mYFAS); the Binge Eating Scale and mental health outcomes (DASS-21). RESULTS Individuals seeking addictive eating treatment (n = 309) were predominantly female (61%), from the obese BMI category (67%) and had accessed a range of services for weight loss (97%). Using multiple logistic regression, participants with higher mYFAS scores were more likely to engage in treatment (AOR 1.68; 95% CI 1.12-2.52), while participants with higher DASS total scores were less likely to engage in treatment (AOR 0.97; 95% CI 0.95-0.99). CONCLUSION This study indicates considerable interest from consumers in seeking addictive eating treatment. Individuals who did not engage in treatment displayed higher mental health comorbidity, suggesting that higher mental health symptomatology may be a barrier to treatment. Future qualitative research is needed to provide an in-depth understanding of the reasons for seeking and engaging in addictive eating treatment, as well as to identify the optimal treatments and referral pathways. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
Collapse
|
16
|
Taş Torun Y, İçen S, Gül H, Döğer E. A cross-sectional study on the correlates of food addiction symptoms in adolescents seeking treatment for obesity: eating attitudes and gender differences. J Addict Dis 2021; 40:326-335. [PMID: 34783640 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1990638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Multidisciplinary approach including psychiatric support, have come to the fore in the treatment of obesity. Food addiction and disordered eating behaviors are among major psychiatric problems that have important effects on both clinical manifestation and response to treatment. This study aimed to investigate correlates of food addiction among adolescents who are seeking treatment for obesity. METHOD This study included 126 adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age, 48 patients in the "study group" who are seeking treatment for obesity (BMI for age greater than 95th percentile) and 78 adolescents (BMI for age under 85th percentile) in the "control group" who were reached via online survey. All participants were requested to complete self-report based measurement tools of Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and Eating Attitude Test-40 (EAT-40). RESULTS 47.9% adolescents (n = 23) in the study group met food addiction diagnosis according to diagnostic evaluation of YFAS; which was significantly higher than 5.1% (n = 4) adolescents in the control group (p < 0.001). EAT-40 total scores and the scores in subscales of "anxiety of gaining weight," "dieting," and "thin body preoccupation" were significantly higher in the study group. Gender differences were observed when food addiction symptoms were correlated with eating attitudes among the study group. CONCLUSIONS Comparing to the controls, food addiction and disordered eating behaviors were more common in adolescents seeking treatment for obesity. Gender differences in the correlates of food addiction symptoms imply that different approaches might be needed for psychological interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Taş Torun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sarper İçen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hesna Gül
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gulhane Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Döğer
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinolgy and Metabolism, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Demir D, Bektas M. The Effect of an Obesity Prevention Program on Children's Eating Behaviors, Food Addiction, Physical Activity, and Obesity Status. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 61:355-363. [PMID: 34563806 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was carried out to determine the effect of an obesity prevention program on children's eating behaviors, food addiction, physical activity, and obesity prevalence. DESIGN AND METHODS A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used in the study. The study was conducted with a total of 128 students, including 55 in the intervention and 73 in the control groups. The obesity prevention program was implemented in the intervention group, and a routine curriculum training program was followed in the control group. The study data were collected before the intervention and in the third, sixth, and fifteenth months after the completion of the intervention. The data were evaluated using the chi-square test, McNeamer test, Cochrane Q test, multivariate analysis of variance in repeated measures, the Bonferroni adjusted paired t-test, power analysis, effect size, and regression analysis. RESULTS At the end of the study, it was determined that the body mass index values and food addiction rates of the students in the intervention group were lower than those of the students in the control group (p < .05). There was a significant difference between the mean scores of the students in the intervention and control groups obtained from the eating behavior questionnaire and the physical activity questionnaire in terms of time, group, and group * time interaction (p < .05). Also, the intervention program was found to have a large effect size (0.39) and a strong effect (0.85) on body mass index. CONCLUSION The obesity prevention intervention program was found to be effective in increasing children's positive eating behaviors and mean physical activity score and decreasing food addiction rates and body mass index values. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS We recommend that the intervention program implemented in this study should be used widely in the curriculum of the Ministry of Education. This program shows that the school nurse is effective in preventing obesity in children. For this reason, there should be a school nurse in schools for implementing health-promoting education programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Demir
- Dokuz Eylul University Health Science Institute, Departmant of Pediatric Nursing, Turkey; Dokuz Eylul University Health Science Institute, Departmant of Pediatric Nursing, Inciraltı, Turkey.
| | - Murat Bektas
- Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing, Inciraltı, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Benítez Brito N, Pinto Robayna B, Ramallo Fariña Y, Moreno Redondo F, León Salas B, Díaz Romero C. Validación transcultural de la escala Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C) al idioma español para evaluar la adicción a la comida en población pediátrica (S-YFAS-c. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
19
|
de Almeida VBP, Filgueiras AR, Nogueira PCK, Sesso RC, Sawaya AL, Domene SMÁ. The impact of food addiction behaviours on the treatment of overweight students. Br J Nutr 2021; 129:1-8. [PMID: 34657642 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the association of food addiction (FA), the change of the BMI/age z-score and the consumption of ultra-processed foods in overweight students undergoing a 16-month, multicomponent intervention in the school environment. FA was investigated using the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children, and the dietary assessment was estimated using the semi-quantitative FFQ in overweight 9-11-year-old students (BMI/age z-score ≥ 1) of both sexes at their baseline and after the intervention (n 120). Among the schoolchildren, 33·4 % had FA in at least one of the two assessments. The analysis of mixed-effects models to assess the effect of the intervention and the change of the BMI/age z-score between evaluations showed that the occurrence of FA influenced the maintenance of weight (time#FA, β = 0·30, 95 % CI 0·05, 0·54, P = 0·016). Weight loss was observed only in individuals who did not present FA (BMI/age z-score = -0·3). When evaluating the effect of the intervention and the dietary variables, we verified a reduction in the consumption of sugary milk-based drinks -71·13 kJ (-17 kcal), P = 0·04 only in non-FA students at the end of the study. FA has been identified as an underlying factor with therapeutic relevance, and an enhanced understanding of FA can open new paths for the prevention and management of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ricardo Cintra Sesso
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lydia Sawaya
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pape M, Herpertz S, Schroeder S, Seiferth C, Färber T, Wolstein J, Steins-Loeber S. Food Addiction and Its Relationship to Weight- and Addiction-Related Psychological Parameters in Individuals With Overweight and Obesity. Front Psychol 2021; 12:736454. [PMID: 34621227 PMCID: PMC8491654 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.736454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: It is assumed that a relevant subgroup of individuals experiences an addiction-like eating behaviour (Food Addiction), characterized by an impaired control over eating behaviour, emotional eating and food craving. Individuals experiencing Food Addiction partially share common symptomatology with Binge-Eating-Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Food Addiction, general psychopathology, and associations with weight- and addiction-related constructs in individuals with overweight and obesity, who did not suffer from Binge-Eating-Disorder or Bulimia Nervosa. Methods:N=213 (67.1% female; MBMI=33.35kg/m2, SDBMI=3.79kg/m2) participants who were included in a weight loss program (I-GENDO project) reported BMI and completed questionnaires before the start of the treatment. Food Addiction severity, depressive symptoms, alcohol use disorder, internet use disorder, psychological distress, impulsivity personality trait, impulsive and emotional eating behaviour, food related inhibitory control, weight bias internalization, and self-efficacy were assessed. Results: The prevalence of Food Addiction was 15% with higher, although not statistically significant, prevalence in female (18.2%) compared to male (8.6%) participants. Food Addiction was associated with higher BMI at baseline assessment, low self-esteem, impulsive and emotional eating behaviour, weight bias internalization, and deficits in food-related inhibitory control. In addition, correlations were found between Food Addiction and severity of depressive symptoms, internet use disorder, and psychological distress. Conclusion: A relevant subgroup of participants experiences Food Addiction even when controlling for Binge-Eating-Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa. Future studies are warranted that investigate whether Food Addiction affects treatment success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pape
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herpertz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schroeder
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany.,Department of Pathopsychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Seiferth
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Färber
- Department of Pathopsychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Wolstein
- Department of Pathopsychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kidd C, Loxton NJ. A narrative review of reward sensitivity, rash impulsivity, and food addiction in adolescents. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110265. [PMID: 33545225 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence represents a neurodevelopmental period characterised by heightened reward drive and weaker inhibitory control that may increase vulnerability to compulsive overconsumption of highly-palatable foods and food addiction. This narrative review aimed to summarise research investigating the presence of food addiction in adolescents and establish the role that impulsivity traits (i.e., reward sensitivity and rash impulsivity), previously linked to substance and behavioural addictions, play in contributing to food addiction in this cohort. It was found that the prevalence of food addiction was typically higher in studies that recruited adolescents who were overweight/obese or from clinical populations. Overall, impulsivity was found to be more consistently associated with food addiction, while the relationships between measures of reward sensitivity and food addiction were mixed. Findings of this review suggest trait impulsivity may contribute to food addiction in adolescents, however, further longitudinal and prospective research is recommended to confirm these findings and to investigate the potential interactive effects of reward sensitivity and rash impulsivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Kidd
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalie J Loxton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Skinner J, Jebeile H, Burrows T. Food addiction and mental health in adolescents: a systematic review. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2021; 5:751-766. [PMID: 34174201 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(21)00126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The intersection between eating behaviours and mental health has garnered substantial attention in recent years. For this Review, we systematically reviewed the available research to find out the prevalence of food addiction as measured by the Yale Food Addiction Scale, and to investigate its association with mental health-related outcomes in adolescents. Eight databases were searched using keywords from Jan 1, 2009, to Aug 5, 2020, to identify studies reporting a Yale Food Addiction Scale diagnosis or symptom score, or both. In total, 27 studies were included. The prevalence of a food addiction diagnosis ranged from 2·6% to 49·9% in non-clinical and clinical populations, and prevalence was higher in women and adolescents with a higher weight status. Food addiction was associated with disordered eating, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and a poorer quality of life and self-esteem. These associations have important implications for the assessment and management of eating behaviours and mental health in adolescents. Transdiagnostic prevention and management intervention strategies could be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Skinner
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Hiba Jebeile
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Tracy Burrows
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The food craving inventory in an Iranian population: post-hoc validation and individual differences. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:1529-1539. [PMID: 32749572 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was performed to develop the Persian version of food craving inventory (FCI) (FCI-P) and to assess food craving in Iranian adult population. In addition, individual differences, including sex and body mass index (BMI) in food craving were assessed. METHODS Eight hundred and twenty subjects who participated in the same study Hill (Proc Nutr Soc 66: 277-285, 2007) were studied (540 women and 280 men). The FCI-P, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), and a questionnaire pertaining to demographic characteristics were completed for all participants. RESULTS Good content, construct, and convergent validity was observed for the FCI-P. A good reliability was found for both aggregate scores of the FCI-P and scores of its five factors. Exploratory factor analysis showed a five-factor model including "sweets," "high-fat foods," "fast food fats," "carbohydrates/starches" and "high-fat meats". These five factors accounted for 47.31% of the total variance. The scores of "uncontrolled eating" and "emotional eating" of the TFEQ were significantly correlated with the scores of the FCI-P factors and its total score. A significant correlation was found between BMI and the FCI-P score (r = 0.199). Significant differences were observed in the mean age and physical activity score among normal weight, overweight, and obese participants. Normal weight and overweight groups were more active than obese group. Obese participants had higher FCI-P score (P < 0.001) than the normal and overweight groups. FCI-P score was significantly higher in women than men. CONCLUSIONS FCI-P can be used as a valid and reliable measure to assess food craving in Iranian populations. Obese individuals experienced food craving more than normal weight subjects. Similarly, women may experience food craving more than men. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross sectional study.
Collapse
|
24
|
Converging vulnerability factors for compulsive food and drug use. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108556. [PMID: 33862029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Highly palatable foods and substance of abuse have intersecting neurobiological, metabolic and behavioral effects relevant for understanding vulnerability to conditions related to food (e.g., obesity, binge eating disorder) and drug (e.g., substance use disorder) misuse. Here, we review data from animal models, clinical populations and epidemiological evidence in behavioral, genetic, pathophysiologic and therapeutic domains. Results suggest that consumption of highly palatable food and drugs of abuse both impact and conversely are regulated by metabolic hormones and metabolic status. Palatable foods high in fat and/or sugar can elicit adaptation in brain reward and withdrawal circuitry akin to substances of abuse. Intake of or withdrawal from palatable food can impact behavioral sensitivity to drugs of abuse and vice versa. A robust literature suggests common substrates and roles for negative reinforcement, negative affect, negative urgency, and impulse control deficits, with both highly palatable foods and substances of abuse. Candidate genetic risk loci shared by obesity and alcohol use disorders have been identified in molecules classically associated with both metabolic and motivational functions. Finally, certain drugs may have overlapping therapeutic potential to treat obesity, diabetes, binge-related eating disorders and substance use disorders. Taken together, data are consistent with the hypotheses that compulsive food and substance use share overlapping, interacting substrates at neurobiological and metabolic levels and that motivated behavior associated with feeding or substance use might constitute vulnerability factors for one another. This article is part of the special issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse'.
Collapse
|
25
|
Vidmar AP, Wee CP, Salvy SJ. Food addiction, executive function and mood in adolescents with obesity seeking treatment. Appetite 2021; 159:105049. [PMID: 33227386 PMCID: PMC8086816 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between food addiction, executive functions and mood in adolescence are not well-understood. This study examines differences in executive functioning, depression symptoms and perceived stress among adolescents with obesity with- and without food addiction. METHODS A total of 110 adolescents with obesity (74 females; age = 15.59 ± 1.3 y; 67% Hispanic; 74% public insurance) completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-2 (BRIEF-2), the Yale Food Addiction Scale for children (YFAS-c), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-DC). Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate differences in BRIEF-2, CES-DC and PSS scores between participants with and without food addiction. A logistic regression model assessed the associations between executive dysfunction, depression and stress on food addiction individually. Multiple logistic regression was utilized to further examine the association between executive dysfunction and food addiction when accounting for depression and stress. RESULTS More than a third of participants (34.5%) met the criteria for food addiction. Females were 2.89 times more likely than males to have food addiction (95th%CI = 1.12-7.46, p = 0.03). Participants with FA had significantly higher BRIEF-2 T-scores (all p < 0.05) and higher PSS and CES-DC scores (all p < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed depression was strongly correlated with FA when controlling for executive dysfunction and stress (p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS Among obesity treatment-seeking adolescents, youths with food addiction displayed greater impairments in executive functioning and higher levels of stress and depressive symptoms than adolescents without food addiction. Prospective studies are needed to determine how this behavioral phenotype helps predict intervention outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaina P Vidmar
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, USA.
| | - Choo Phei Wee
- CTSI Biostatics Core, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah J Salvy
- Research Center for Health Equity Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bach P, Grosshans M, Koopmann A, Pfeifer AM, Vollstädt-Klein S, Otto M, Kienle P, Bumb JM, Kiefer F. Predictors of weight loss in participants with obesity following bariatric surgery - A prospective longitudinal fMRI study. Appetite 2021; 163:105237. [PMID: 33794259 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence rates of overweight and obesity are increasing worldwide and are amongst the leading causes of death. Participants with obesity also suffer from poorer mental health with a concomitant reduced quality of life. Bariatric surgery outperforms other existing weight optimization approaches. However, hitherto, it was not possible to identify factors predicting weight loss following surgery. Therefore, we aimed at investigating neural and behavioral predictors of weight loss, as well as the neurological underpinnings of food cue-induced craving before and after bariatric surgery. The total sample consisted of 26 participants with obesity (17 females and 9 males, mean age 41 ± 12 years, mean BMI 46 ± 6 kg/m2, 21 received Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and 5 sleeve gastrectomy). Participants with obesity were prospectively assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging two weeks before, as well as eight and 24 weeks after surgery. Imaging data were available for 11 individuals; 10 received Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and one sleeve gastrectomy. Subjective cue-induced food craving correlated positively with brain activation in the amygdala, the parahippocampal gyrus, and hippocampus, and negatively with brain activation in frontal brain regions. In the total sample (N = 26), perceived feeling of hunger and YFAS sum score explained 50.6% of the variance (R2 = 0.506, F(1,23) = 10.759, p < 0.001) and in the imaging sample, cue-induced food craving at baseline before surgery explained 49.6% of the variance (R2 = 0.496, F(1,23) = 7.862, p = 0.023) of % total weight loss (%TWL). In other words, with respect to %TWL, bariatric surgery was most efficient in candidates characterized by high cue-induced food craving, high-perceived feeling of hunger and a low YFAS sum score.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Grosshans
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Anne Koopmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Pfeifer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Otto
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Kienle
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J Malte Bumb
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Germany; Feuerlein Center on Translational Addiction Medicine (FCTS), University of Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Segura-Garcia C, Rania M, Carbone EA, de Filippis R, Aloi M, Caroleo M, Grasso G, Calabrò G, Fazia G, Staltari FA, Falvo A, Pugliese V, Gaetano R, Steardo L, De Fazio P. Naturalistic and Uncontrolled Pilot Study on the Efficacy of Vortioxetine in Binge Eating Disorder With Comorbid Depression. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:635502. [PMID: 33815170 PMCID: PMC8010002 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.635502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Binge eating disorder (BED) is clinically relevant by virtue of the global impairment, poor quality of life, and increased overall medical morbidity. The high comorbidity with psychiatric disorders, particularly depression, has received attention as a possible mediator of the poor outcome. Further, BED and depression share cognitive dysfunctions. This naturalistic and uncontrolled pilot study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of vortioxetine (VTX) on depressive symptoms in patients with BED, secondly the efficacy in improving a broad array of executive functions, and third to explore the effect on eating behavior and body weight. Methods: This pilot study involved 30 patients with BED and comorbid MDD, treated with VTX for 24 weeks. Assessments were run at baseline (t 0), 4 (t 1), 8 (t 2), 12 (t 3), and 24 (t 4) weeks. Changes in depressive symptoms (HDRS and BDI), executive functions, eating behaviors (binge frequency and severity, night eating, food addiction), and body weight were estimated after treatment with VTX through GLM. Results: Significant improvements emerged after treatment with VTX in: depression (HDRS p < 0.001; BDI p = 0.002) regardless the dose of VTX and first diagnosis (BED/MDD), working memory (RAVLT acquisition p = 0.01, delay recall p < 0.001, RCFT percentage of recall p = 0.01, and Attentional Matrices p = 0.05), binge days frequency (p < 0.001), binge eating severity (BES p < 0.001), night eating (p = 0.001), food addiction (YFAS 2.0 p = 0.039), and body weight (p = 0.039). The improvement in depressive symptoms was associated with the concurrent improvement in night eating as assessed by the I-NEQ. Conclusions: VTX can be a valid therapeutic choice for patients with BED with comorbid depression in controlling the depressive symptoms, working memory, and eating behavior. Indeed, by acting on affective symptoms, neurocognitive functioning, and eating behaviors, it confirms the results already obtained with VTX in other disorders, expanding them to BED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Segura-Garcia
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
- Outpatient Service for Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marianna Rania
- Outpatient Service for Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elvira Anna Carbone
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
- Outpatient Service for Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Renato de Filippis
- Outpatient Service for Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Matteo Aloi
- Outpatient Service for Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariarita Caroleo
- Outpatient Service for Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gloria Grasso
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
- Outpatient Service for Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Calabrò
- Outpatient Service for Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gilda Fazia
- Outpatient Service for Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Filippo Antonio Staltari
- Outpatient Service for Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Falvo
- Outpatient Service for Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Pugliese
- Outpatient Service for Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaele Gaetano
- Outpatient Service for Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Steardo
- Outpatient Service for Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Fazio
- Outpatient Service for Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Schiestl ET, Rios JM, Parnarouskis L, Cummings JR, Gearhardt AN. A narrative review of highly processed food addiction across the lifespan. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110152. [PMID: 33127423 PMCID: PMC7750273 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is growing that highly processed (HP) foods (i.e., foods high in refined carbohydrates and fat) are highly effective in activating reward systems and may even be capable of triggering addictive processes. Unlike traditional drugs of abuse, exposure to HP foods is common very early in development. HP food addiction has been associated with negative outcomes, including higher body mass index (BMI), more frequent binge eating, greater failure in weight loss treatment trials, and poorer mental and physical health. Although most research on HP food addiction has been conducted using adult samples, research on this topic now spans across the life span beginning in utero and extending through older adulthood. HP food addiction and related reward-based changes are associated with negative outcomes at every life stage, which has important implications for developmentally tailored prevention and treatment efforts. Using a developmentally informed approach, the current study comprehensively reviews the existing research on HP food addiction across the lifespan and highlights important areas of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia M Rios
- University of Michigan, United States of America
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Haghighinejad H, Tarakemehzadeh M, Jafari P, Jafari M, Ramzi M, Hedayati A. Persian Version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0: Psychometric Analysis and Setting Cutoff Point for the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait-Reduced. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:179-186. [PMID: 33735551 PMCID: PMC8016689 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to evaluate the psychometric properties of Persian translation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) as a widely accepted questionnaire for the first time and to establish a cut off score for Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait-reduced (FCQ-T-r). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 330 visitors of family physician clinics in Shiraz, a city located in south of Iran, were selected. The English version of YFAS 2.0 was translated into Persian and used in this study as well as the Persian version of FCQ-T-r. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis of YFAS-2 confirmed one dimensional structure and factor loading in all eleven symptoms was above 0.4. Internal consistency for eleven symptoms was 0.813. Prevalence of food addiction in participants was 6.7% (22 participants). BMI and FCQ-T-r questionnaire score both were positively correlated with the number of food addiction symptoms but age was negatively correlated with the number of the symptoms. The ROC curve analysis showed the best suggested cut-off point for FCQ-T-r questionnaire to detect food addiction was 32.5. CONCLUSION The present study confirmed validity and reliability of Persian version of YFAS-2. It is suggested that food addiction occurs in different level of food craving behavior in different food cultures or genetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peyman Jafari
- Department of Biostatistics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mani Ramzi
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arvin Hedayati
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Manzoni GM, Rossi A, Pietrabissa G, Mannarini S, Fabbricatore M, Imperatori C, Innamorati M, Gearhardt AN, Castelnuovo G. Structural validity, measurement invariance, reliability and diagnostic accuracy of the Italian version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 in patients with severe obesity and the general population. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:345-366. [PMID: 32026378 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the structural validity, measurement invariance, reliability, and some other psychometrical properties of the Italian version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2 (I-YFAS 2.0) in patients with severe obesity and the general population. METHODS 704 participants-400 inpatients with severe obesity and 304 participants enrolled from the general population-completed the I-YFAS 2.0 and questionnaires measuring eating disorder symptoms. A first confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested a hierarchical structure in which each item of the I-YFAS 2.0 loaded onto one of the twelve latent symptoms/criteria which loaded onto a general dimension of Food Addiction (FA). The second CFA tested a first-order structure in which symptoms/criteria of FA simply loaded onto a latent dimension. Measurement invariance (MI) between the group of inpatients with severe obesity and the sample from the general population was also tested. Finally, convergent validity, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and prevalence analyses were performed. RESULTS CFAs confirmed the structure for the I-YFAS 2.0 for both the hierarchical structure and the first-order structure. Configural MI and strong MI were reached for hierarchical and the first-order structure, respectively. Internal consistencies were shown to be acceptable. Prevalence of FA was 24% in the group of inpatients with severe obesity and 3.6% in the sample from the general population. CONCLUSIONS The I-YFAS 2.0 represents a valid and reliable questionnaire for the assessment of FA in both Italian adult inpatients with severe obesity and the general population, and is a psychometrically sound tool for clinical as well as research purposes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gian Mauro Manzoni
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, Italy
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Como, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 12, Padua, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Mannarini
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 12, Padua, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Innamorati
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Aliasghari F, Nazm SA, Yasari S, Mahdavi R, Bonyadi M. Associations of the ANKK1 and DRD2 gene polymorphisms with overweight, obesity and hedonic hunger among women from the Northwest of Iran. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:305-312. [PMID: 32020513 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleasure from palatable foods can stimulate hedonic eating and, therefore, might be a major culprit for obesity. Dopamine receptor polymorphisms, especially variants in the genes regulating the D2 receptor, including ANKK1 and DRD2, are the prime candidates for assessing the individual differences in hedonic eating. This study was carried out to investigate the possible associations of the T (rs1800497) and Del (rs1799732) alleles with body mass index (BMI) and hedonic hunger among Iranian Azeri women. METHODS A total of 372 healthy overweight/obese subjects (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and 159 normal weight individuals (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) were genotyped for the polymorphisms of ANNK1 and DRD2 genes using PCR-RFLP. BMI and hedonic hunger were also evaluated. RESULTS Three hundred and sixty-three (68.36%), 152 (28.63%), and 16 (3.01%) of the participants had CC, CT, and TT genotypes for ANNK1 gene, respectively. Of 515 samples genotyped for DRD2 gene, 315 (60.51%), 173 (33.59%), and 27 (5.24%) had Ins/Ins, Ins/Del, and Del/Del genotypes, respectively. The genotype and genotype frequencies were significantly different between the groups (p = 0.04). Significant differences were observed between the T+ genotype (TT + TC) and the T- genotype (CC) regarding the BMI and hedonic hunger scores (p < 0.05). In addition, Del+ group (Del/Del + Ins/Del) had higher BMI and hedonic hunger scores compared to Del- group (Ins/Ins) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that the frequencies of T and Del alleles were greater in the overweight/obese individuals. Also, the polymorphism of ANKK1 (rs1800497) and polymorphism of the DRD2 gene (rs1799732) showed significant associations with BMI and hedonic hunger. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Aliasghari
- Nutrition Research Center, Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saba A Nazm
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Yasari
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Morteza Bonyadi
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Food Addiction and Cognitive Functioning: What Happens in Adolescents? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123633. [PMID: 33255973 PMCID: PMC7760275 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine cognitive factors associated to food addiction (FA) symptoms in a non-clinical sample of adolescents. A group of 25 adolescents (12–18 years; Mean age = 15.2 years) with a high level of FA symptoms (two and more) were compared to a control group without FA symptoms (n = 25), matched on sex and age, on four Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) neuropsychological tasks (MT: Multitasking Test; OTS: One Touch Stockings of Cambridge; SST: Stop Signal Task; RVP: Rapid Visual Information Processing). They were also compared on self-reported questionnaires assessing binge eating, depressive and anxiety symptoms, impulsivity levels, as well as executive functioning difficulties. Group comparisons did not show significant differences on neuropsychological tasks’ performances. However, effect sizes’ estimates showed small to medium effect sizes on three scores: adolescents with a high level of FA symptoms showed a higher probability of an error following an incorrect answer (OTS), a higher probability of false alarm, and a poorer target sensitivity (RVP). When referring to self-reported measurements, they reported significantly more executive functioning difficulties, more binge eating, depressive symptoms and higher impulsivity levels. Overall, results suggested that cognitive difficulties related to FA symptoms seem to manifest themselves more clearly when assessing daily activities with a self-reported questionnaire, which in turn are strongly related to overeating behaviors and psychological symptoms. Future longitudinal research is needed to examine the evolution of those variables, their relationships, and contribution in obesity onset. More precisely, the present findings highlighted the importance of affective difficulties related to this condition, as well as the need to take them into account in its assessment.
Collapse
|
33
|
Carriedo A, Cecchini JA, Fernández-Río J, Méndez-Giménez A. Resilience and physical activity in people under home isolation due to COVID-19: A preliminary evaluation. Ment Health Phys Act 2020; 19:100361. [PMID: 33024452 PMCID: PMC7530639 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2020.100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent shelter-in-place order issued by the Spanish government (due to the outbreak of the COVID-19) forced the Spanish population to self-isolate at home. The psychological and social effects of this new situation are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the impact of such scenario on citizens' resilience, as well as the connections between resilience, physical activity (PA), gender, weight and body mass index (BMI) before and after confinement, and COVID-19-related information. METHODS A total of 1795 people answered an online questionnaire conducted on March 21st, , 2020, seven days after the mandatory shelter-in-place health order was issued. RESULTS Results showed that individuals who regularly engaged in Vigorous PA during the first week of confinement reported higher resilience in terms of higher locus of control, higher self-efficacy, and higher optimism. Moreover, inter-personal resilience differences were observed based on gender, age groups, BMI, weight, and people living with dependent persons or under health risk conditions. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, these findings are the first quantitative evidence pointing towards a link between engagement in Vigorous PA and resilience within the COVID-19 restrictions in Spain. These findings may have important implications for general population during the course of this pandemic, or future ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Carriedo
- Department of Education Sciences, University of Oviedo, C/ Aniceto Sela, s/n, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José A Cecchini
- Department of Education Sciences, University of Oviedo, C/ Aniceto Sela, s/n, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Río
- Department of Education Sciences, University of Oviedo, C/ Aniceto Sela, s/n, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antonio Méndez-Giménez
- Department of Education Sciences, University of Oviedo, C/ Aniceto Sela, s/n, Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nicolau J, Romerosa JM, Rodríguez I, Sanchís P, Bonet A, Arteaga M, Fortuny R, Masmiquel L. Associations of food addiction with metabolic control, medical complications and depression among patients with type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:1093-1100. [PMID: 32277296 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Food addiction (FA) is conceptualized as a behavioral pattern that is similar in some ways to addictions to alcohol and other substances. This disorder has not been well studied among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We aimed to analyze if there is any relationship between FA and clinical or psychological variables among patients with T2DM. METHODS Three hundred patients with T2DM were analyzed cross-sectionally. Participants were evaluated for the presence of FA by completing the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 questionnaire. RESULTS 29.3% of patients screened positive for FA. Patients with FA had a greater BMI (33.41 ± 7.5 vs. 31.6 ± 5.9 kg/m2; p = 0.04). HbA1c was higher among individuals with FA (7.9 ± 4.4 vs. 7.6 ± 1.4%, p = 0.008). The proportion of subjects with diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy was greater among patients with criteria for FA compared with patients without this condition (25% vs. 13.2%, 29.5% vs. 21.8% and 32% vs. 22.3%; p = 0.03, p = 0.05 and p = 0.05, respectively). The percentage of patients with FA with significant depressive symptoms was also greater (36.4% vs. 18.5%; p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The presence of FA among T2DM patients implied a worse glycaemic control. Microvascular complications and depressive symptoms were higher among these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Nicolau
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Son Llàtzer, University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBA), Ctra Manacor km 4, 07198, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain.
| | - Juan Manuel Romerosa
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Son Llàtzer, University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBA), Ctra Manacor km 4, 07198, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Irene Rodríguez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Son Llàtzer, University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBA), Ctra Manacor km 4, 07198, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Pilar Sanchís
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Son Llàtzer, University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBA), Ctra Manacor km 4, 07198, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Aina Bonet
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Son Llàtzer, University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBA), Ctra Manacor km 4, 07198, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Magdalena Arteaga
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Son Llàtzer, University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBA), Ctra Manacor km 4, 07198, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Regina Fortuny
- Hormonal Laboratory, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Ctra Manacor km 4, 07198, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Lluís Masmiquel
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Son Llàtzer, University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS) and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBA), Ctra Manacor km 4, 07198, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cinelli G, Criscuolo M, Bifone C, Chianello I, Castiglioni MC, De Lorenzo A, Di Renzo L, Tozzi AE, Vicari S, Zanna V. Food Addiction in a Group of Italian Adolescents Diagnosed for Eating Disorder. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051524. [PMID: 32456233 PMCID: PMC7285060 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in patients with Eating Disorders (EDs) showed high rates of Food Addiction (FA) even in restrictive subtypes. The majority of studies were conducted on adult population. The present work aimed to describe and compared FA in adolescents diagnosed for different EDs and to evaluate its association with patients' psychopathology. Patients aged 12-18 y were included in the analysis. FA was assessed using the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. The rate of FA was of 49.4% in the whole sample (n = 87, F = 90.8%) and of 53.7% in patients diagnosed with restrictive anorexia nervosa. No difference in FA frequency was detected between EDs. A worse psychopathological picture was found in patients diagnosed with FA. Higher age, higher score to the Eating Attitudes Test-26 and to the Eating Disorder Inventory-3's Interoceptive Deficits scale have been detected as the major predictors of FA in our sample. FA may be considered a transnosographic construct, not linked to the subtype of ED but to patients' personal characteristics and, in particular, to age and interoceptive deficits. A worse psychopathology might be considered a risk factor for the presence of FA in EDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cinelli
- Predictive and Preventive Medicine Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.E.T.)
- School of Specialization in Food Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Criscuolo
- Demetra, Association for Eating Disorders’ Prevention and Care, 00198 Rome, Italy;
| | - Costanza Bifone
- Anorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Unit, Child Neuropsychiatry, Dept. of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Ilenia Chianello
- Anorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Unit, Child Neuropsychiatry, Dept. of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Maria Chiara Castiglioni
- Anorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Unit, Child Neuropsychiatry, Dept. of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic Section, Biomedicine and Prevention Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.L.); (L.D.R.)
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic Section, Biomedicine and Prevention Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.L.); (L.D.R.)
| | - Alberto Eugenio Tozzi
- Predictive and Preventive Medicine Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.E.T.)
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valeria Zanna
- Anorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Unit, Child Neuropsychiatry, Dept. of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (M.C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0668592936
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ivezaj V, Wiedemann AA, Lawson JL, Grilo CM. Food Addiction in Sleeve Gastrectomy Patients with Loss-of-Control Eating. Obes Surg 2020; 29:2071-2077. [PMID: 30847764 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-03805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food addiction and binge eating share overlapping and non-overlapping features; the presence of both may represent a more severe obesity subgroup among treatment-seeking samples. Loss-of-control (LOC) eating, a key marker of binge eating, is one of the few consistent predictors of suboptimal weight outcomes post-bariatric surgery. This study examined whether co-occurring LOC eating and food addiction represent a more severe variant post-bariatric surgery. METHODS One hundred thirty-one adults sought treatment for weight/eating concerns approximately 6 months post-sleeve gastrectomy surgery. The Eating Disorder Examination-Bariatric Surgery Version assessed LOC eating, picking/nibbling, and eating disorder psychopathology. Participants completed the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II), and the Short-Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36). RESULTS 17.6% met food addiction criteria on the YFAS. Compared to those without food addiction, the LOC group with food addiction reported significantly greater eating disorder and depression scores, more frequent nibbling/picking and LOC eating, and lower SF-36 functioning. CONCLUSION Nearly 18% of post-operative patients with LOC eating met food addiction criteria on the YFAS. Co-occurrence of LOC and food addiction following sleeve gastrectomy signals a more severe subgroup with elevated eating disorder psychopathology, problematic eating behaviors, greater depressive symptoms, and diminished functioning. Future research should examine whether this combination impacts long-term bariatric surgery outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ivezaj
- Yale School of Medicine, 301 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
| | | | - Jessica L Lawson
- Yale School of Medicine, 301 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Carlos M Grilo
- Yale School of Medicine, 301 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.,Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tobore TO. Towards a comprehensive theory of obesity and a healthy diet: The causal role of oxidative stress in food addiction and obesity. Behav Brain Res 2020; 384:112560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
38
|
Maxwell AL, Gardiner E, Loxton NJ. Investigating the relationship between reward sensitivity, impulsivity, and food addiction: A systematic review. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2020; 28:368-384. [PMID: 32142199 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the current research was to identify the extent to which reward sensitivity and impulsivity were related to food addiction. METHOD Forty-five studies, published from 2009 to June 2019, investigating reward sensitivity and/or impulsivity with food addiction as measured by the Yale Food Addiction Scale were reviewed. RESULTS Reward sensitivity, as measured by the Sensitivity to Reward (SR) scale, was positively associated with food addiction in two studies, but failed to yield consistent results in other studies when measured with the Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation Scales. Self-report impulsivity, as measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), was consistently associated with food addiction, with attentional impulsivity and motor impulsivity the most consistent subscales. Similarly, food addiction was also consistently associated with Negative Urgency, Positive Urgency, and Lack of Perseverance as measured by the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale. Food addiction was inconsistently associated with disinhibition, as measured by behavioral tasks, indicating food addiction appears more aligned with self-report measures of impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS Research in this field is dominated by university student, overweight and obese samples. Additional research is required to further tease out these relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L Maxwell
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elliroma Gardiner
- School of Management, QUT Gardens Point, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalie J Loxton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Parnarouskis L, Schulte EM, Lumeng JC, Gearhardt AN. Development of the Highly Processed Food Withdrawal Scale for Children. Appetite 2019; 147:104553. [PMID: 31836494 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Highly processed foods (with added fats and/or refined carbohydrates) may trigger an addictive-like process, including withdrawal when these foods are reduced. Withdrawal is marked by affective, cognitive, and physical symptoms that may hinder dietary change. A recently developed scale of highly processed food withdrawal in adults (ProWS) provides evidence for this construct. Children commonly consume highly processed foods, but no measures currently exist to examine highly processed food withdrawal in children. The purpose of this study was to develop a measure (ProWS-C) to assess for signs of highly processed food withdrawal in children. METHODS Parents who had recently attempted to reduce their child's highly processed food consumption were recruited through an online crowdsourcing platform. 304 parents (56.9% mothers) reported on their 3-11-year-old children (63.8% male). The ProWS-C was designed to reflect parents' observations of child behavior. Internal consistency and validity were evaluated using the Dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0 for Children (dYFAS-C 2.0.), Children's Food Neophobia Scale-Modified (CFNS), and body mass index (BMI) silhouettes. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis revealed a one-factor structure with 21 items (α = 0.94). The ProWS-C demonstrated convergent validity with more child food addiction symptoms (r = 0.55, p < 0.001) and higher child BMI (r = 0.24, p < 0.001) and discriminant validity with child food neophobia (r = -0.10, p = 0.08). The ProWS-C was associated with less success in reducing child highly processed food intake independent of child addictive-like eating and BMI (p = 0.001). DISCUSSION The ProWS-C provides preliminary evidence for highly processed food withdrawal in children and appears to be a psychometrically sound tool for assessing parent-reported withdrawal symptoms in children. Illuminating specific challenges families face when reducing highly processed foods may improve parents' ability to help their children make sustainable dietary changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica M Schulte
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Şengör G, Gezer C. Food addiction and its relationship with disordered eating behaviours and obesity. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:1031-1039. [PMID: 30850958 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Food addiction, eating disorders and obesity are all mutually reinforcing factors, or factors that can trigger each other. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between food addiction, disordered eating behaviours and obesity. METHODS The study was conducted with 370 university students. Food addiction was assessed using the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and disordered eating behaviours were assessed with the Eating Attitude Test (EAT)-26. A digital scale was used to measure weight, while for the measurement of height, waist and hip circumferences a non-stretching tape measure was used according to standard techniques. RESULTS Among the participants, 35.7% scored high on the EAT-26, while 21.1% scored high on the YFAS. Females constituted a higher ratio of those who had high scores on the YFAS and EAT-26 (p < 0.05). Overall, the ratio of YFAS high scorers was higher in the case of EAT-26 high scorers (32.6%) than that of low scorers (14.7%) (p < 0.001). A positive weak relationship existed between YFAS and EAT-26 scores (r = 0.165, p = 0.001) and the same between YFAS scores, weight, and body mass index (r = 0.263, p < 0.001; r = 0.319, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION In summary, a positive relation was found between food addiction, disordered eating behaviours and body mass index. Females were shown to have a higher risk of food addiction and eating disorders than that of males. Further studies can be carried out to analyze these correlations using a wider range of controlling factors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gülhan Şengör
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Ceren Gezer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Moghaddam SAP, Amiri P, Saidpour A, Hosseinzadeh N, Abolhasani M, Ghorbani A. The prevalence of food addiction and its associations with plasma oxytocin level and anthropometric and dietary measurements in Iranian women with obesity. Peptides 2019; 122:170151. [PMID: 31505221 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a prevalent public health problem, and food addiction (FA) is one of the most controversial factors in its management. Therefore, this study was designed to validate an FA questionnaire for Iranian women with obesity and to determine the prevalence of FA and its associations with plasma oxytocin (OT) levels as well as anthropometric and dietary measurements. In this descriptive-analytical study, 450 adult women with obesity were included. The prevalence of FA was determined with a valid Yale food addiction scale (YFAS). Macronutrient intakes were measured by a valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In addition, plasma OT was measured after eight hours of fasting. In this study, the prevalence of FA was 26.2% in women with obesity. In comparison with class I obesity, the odds ratios (95% CI) of FA for class II and class III obesity were 2.5 (CI: 1.29-5.09) and 3.3 (CI: 1.69-6.4) respectively. Dietary intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and cholesterol were significantly higher in food-addicted (FAD) women compared to non-food-addicted (NFA) ones (p < 0.001). Moreover, plasma OT level was lower in FAD women with obesity than in NFA subjects (p = 0.02). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that FA is prevalent in Iranian women with obesity. In addition, FA is related to obesity severity, dietary intakes of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, cholesterol, and plasma OT level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Atefeh Panahi Moghaddam
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 46, West Arghavan St., Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Qods, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Endocrine Health & Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak St., Shahid Chamran Highway, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Atoosa Saidpour
- National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 46, West Arghavan St., Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Qods, Tehran, P.O. Box: 19395-4741, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Nima Hosseinzadeh
- Faculty of Biostatistics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Arman Ghorbani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zorrilla EP, Koob GF. Impulsivity Derived From the Dark Side: Neurocircuits That Contribute to Negative Urgency. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:136. [PMID: 31293401 PMCID: PMC6603097 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative urgency is a unique dimension of impulsivity that involves acting rashly when in extreme distress and impairments in inhibitory control. It has been hypothesized to derive from stress that is related to negative emotional states that are experienced during the withdrawal/negative affect stage of the addiction cycle. Classically, a transition to compulsive drug use prevents or relieves negative emotional states that result from abstinence or stressful environmental circumstances. Recent work suggests that this shift to the "dark side" is also implicated in impulsive use that derives from negative urgency. Stress and anxious, depressed, and irritable mood have high comorbidity with addiction. They may trigger bouts of drug seeking in humans via both negative reinforcement and negative urgency. The neurocircuitry that has been identified in the "dark side" of addiction involves key neuropeptides in the central extended amygdala, including corticotropin-releasing factor. The present review article summarizes empirical and conceptual advances in the field to understand the role of the "dark side" in driving the risky and detrimental substance use that is associated with negative urgency in addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric P. Zorrilla
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - George F. Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rodrigue C, Gearhardt AN, Bégin C. Food Addiction in Adolescents: Exploration of psychological symptoms and executive functioning difficulties in a non-clinical sample. Appetite 2019; 141:104303. [PMID: 31145945 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on food addiction (FA) provided a better understanding of this condition in various populations. Indeed, authors have shown that FA was nearly as prevalent in adolescents as in adults, and similar correlates were observed in both populations (disordered eating behaviors, depressive and anxiety symptoms, impulsivity). The aim of the present study was to characterize FA in adolescents, according to psychological symptoms and executive functioning difficulties. A sample of 969 adolescents, aged between 12 and 18 years old, was recruited in the Quebec City area. They completed a series of questionnaires, including the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 to measure FA symptoms, the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function to measure executive functioning difficulties, as well as other self-reported questionnaires assessing psychological symptoms (depressive and anxiety symptoms, impulsivity). Group comparisons showed that adolescents with a high level of FA symptoms reported significantly more psychological symptoms (binge eating, depression, anxiety, impulsivity), and more executive functioning difficulties. Finally, the relationship between FA symptoms and executive functioning difficulties was moderated by age and sex. More precisely, the previously mentioned relationship was stronger in young teen girls. The present work provides a preliminary framework in the developmental study of FA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Rodrigue
- School of Psychology, Laval University Félix-Antoine-Savard Pavilion, Laval University, 2325 Bibliotheques' Street, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 1004 East Hall 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1043, USA.
| | - Catherine Bégin
- School of Psychology, Laval University Félix-Antoine-Savard Pavilion, Laval University, 2325 Bibliotheques' Street, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Validation of the Japanese Version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (J-YFAS 2.0). Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030687. [PMID: 30909486 PMCID: PMC6471687 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) is used for assessing food addiction (FA). Our study aimed at validating its Japanese version (J-YFAS 2.0). The subjects included 731 undergraduate students. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the root-mean-square error of approximation, comparative fit index, Tucker⁻Lewis index, and standardized root-mean-square residual were 0.065, 0.904, 0.880, and 0.048, respectively, for a one-factor structure model. Kuder⁻Richardson α was 0.78. Prevalence of the J-YFAS 2.0-diagnosed mild, moderate, and severe FA was 1.1%, 1.2%, and 1.0%, respectively. High uncontrolled eating and emotional eating scores of the 18-item Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ R-18) (p < 0.001), a high Kessler Psychological Distress Scale score (p < 0.001), frequent desire to overeat (p = 0.007), and frequent snacking (p = 0.003) were associated with the J-YFAS 2.0-diagnosed FA presence. The scores demonstrated significant correlations with the J-YFAS 2.0-diagnosed FA symptom count (p < 0.01). The highest attained body mass index was associated with the J-YFAS 2.0-diagnosed FA symptom count (p = 0.026). The TFEQ R-18 cognitive restraint score was associated with the J-YFAS 2.0-diagnosed FA presence (p < 0.05) and symptom count (p < 0.001), but not with the J-YFAS 2.0-diagnosed FA severity. Like the YFAS 2.0 in other languages, the J-YFAS 2.0 has a one-factor structure and adequate convergent validity and reliability.
Collapse
|
45
|
Vidmar AP, Pretlow R, Borzutzky C, Wee CP, Fox DS, Fink C, Mittelman SD. An addiction model-based mobile health weight loss intervention in adolescents with obesity. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12464. [PMID: 30117309 PMCID: PMC6338524 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical approaches to treating childhood obesity can be expensive and poorly reimbursed, and often produce suboptimal results. It has been theorized that overeating may have addictive qualities, and a sizable number of adolescents with obesity endorse addictive habits. Interestingly, few weight management interventions have tested techniques founded in addiction medicine principles. We therefore performed a pilot study of an addiction model based mHealth weight loss intervention in adolescents. METHODS Adolescents with obesity were recruited from an multidisciplinary weight management clinic (EMPOWER). Adolescents without significant obesity comorbidities, who exhibited signs of addictive eating, based on the Yale Food Addiction Scale, were enrolled in a pilot study of an interactive, addiction-based, weight loss smartphone app with coaching (http://clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02689154). The app was designed to help subjects omit problem foods, avoid snacking and reduce meal size. A contemporary cohort of adolescents who completed the EMPOWER program were evaluated. Feasibility of recruitment, adherence, retention rates, BMI change and cost of intervention were examined. RESULTS Eighteen participants were recruited to app intervention. App participants had higher retention (100% vs. 37%) and lower total cost per patient ($855.15 vs. $1428.00) than the EMPOWER clinic participants. App participants exhibited a significant decrease in zBMI and %BMIp95 over the 6 months (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001), which was comparable to the age-matched EMPOWER program completers (p = 0.31 and p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS An addiction medicine-based mHealth intervention targeted for adolescents was feasible to implement, resulted in high retention and adherence rates, and reduced zBMI and %BMIp95 in a more cost-effective manner than an in-clinic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Vidmar
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - C. Borzutzky
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult MedicineChildren's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - C. P. Wee
- CTSI Biostatics CoreSaban Research InstituteLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - D. S. Fox
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health EconomicsSchool of Pharmacy of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - C. Fink
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - S. D. Mittelman
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Present address:
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology at the UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wei NL, Quan ZF, Zhao T, Yu XD, Xie Q, Zeng J, Ma FK, Wang F, Tang QS, Wu H, Zhu JH. Chronic stress increases susceptibility to food addiction by increasing the levels of DR2 and MOR in the nucleus accumbens. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:1211-1229. [PMID: 31190828 PMCID: PMC6512647 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s204818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stress-related obesity might be related to the suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenocortical axis and dysregulation of the metabolic system. Chronic stress also induces the dysregulation of the reward system and increases the risk of food addiction, according to recent clinical findings. However, few studies have tested the effect of chronic stress on food addiction in animal models. Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify whether chronic stress promotes food addiction or not and explore the possible mechanisms. Method: We applied adaily 2 hrsflashing LED irradiation stress to mice fed chow or palatable food to mimic the effect of chronic stress on feeding. After 1 month of chronic stress exposure, we tested their binge eating behaviors, cravings for palatable food, responses for palatable food, and compulsive eating behaviors to evaluate the effect of chronic stress on food addiction-like behaviors. We detected changes in the levels of various genes and proteins in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), ventral tegmental area (VTA) and lateral hypothalamus using qPCR and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Results: Behaviors results indicated chronic stress obviously increased food addiction score (FAS) in the palatable food feeding mice. Moreover, the FAS had astrong relationship with the extent of the increase in body weight. Chronic stress increased the expression of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1(CRFR1) was increased in the NAc shell and core but decreased in the VTA of the mice fed with palatable food. Chronic stress also increased expression of both dopamine receptor 2 (DR2) and mu-opioid receptor (MOR) in the NAc. Conclusion: Chronic stress aggravates the FAS and contributed to the development of stress-related obesity. Chronic stress drives the dysregulation of the CRF signaling pathway in the reward system and increases the expression of DR2 and MOR in the nucleus accumbens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Li Wei
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu China, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Fang Quan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dong Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Kai Ma
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Sheng Tang
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, 20040, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Borisenkov MF, Tserne TA, Bakutova LA. Food addiction in Russian adolescents: Associations with age, sex, weight, and depression. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 26:671-676. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail F. Borisenkov
- Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Syktyvkar Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Tserne
- Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Syktyvkar Russia
| | - Larisa A. Bakutova
- Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Syktyvkar Russia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Imperatori C, Innamorati M, Lamis DA, Farina B, Fabbricatore M, Contardi A. Body uneasiness is associated with food addiction symptoms: A cross-sectional study. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 26:638-644. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Innamorati
- Department of Human Sciences; European University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Dorian A. Lamis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Benedetto Farina
- Department of Human Sciences; European University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | | | - Anna Contardi
- Department of Human Sciences; European University of Rome; Rome Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Feldstein Ewing SW, Claus ED, Hudson KA, Filbey FM, Yakes Jimenez E, Lisdahl KM, Kong AS. Overweight adolescents' brain response to sweetened beverages mirrors addiction pathways. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:925-935. [PMID: 27392791 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many adolescents struggle with overweight/obesity, which exponentially increases in the transition to adulthood. Overweight/obesity places youth at risk for serious health conditions, including type 2 diabetes. In adults, neural substrates implicated in addiction (e.g., orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), striatum, amygdala, and ventral tegmental area) have been found to be relevant to risk for overweight/obesity. In this study, we examined three hypotheses to disentangle the potential overlap between addiction and overweight/obesity processing by examining (1) brain response to high vs. low calorie beverages, (2) the strength of correspondence between biometrics, including body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance, and brain response and (3) the relationship between a measure of food addiction and brain response using an established fMRI gustatory cue exposure task with a sample of overweight/obese youth (M age = 16.46; M BMI = 33.1). Greater BOLD response was observed across the OFC, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), nucleus accumbens, right amygdala, and additional frontoparietal and temporal regions in neural processing of high vs. low calorie beverages. Further, BMI scores positively correlated with BOLD activation in the high calorie > low calorie contrast in the right postcentral gyrus and central operculum. Insulin resistance positively correlated with BOLD activation across the bilateral middle/superior temporal gyrus, left OFC, and superior parietal lobe. No relationships were observed between measures of food addiction and brain response. These findings support the activation of parallel addiction-related neural pathways in adolescents' high calorie processing, while also suggesting the importance of refining conceptual and neurocognitive models to fit this developmental period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W Feldstein Ewing
- Oregon Health & Science University, Mail code: DC7P, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA.
| | - Eric D Claus
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Karen A Hudson
- Oregon Health & Science University, Mail code: DC7P, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Francesca M Filbey
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Elizabeth Yakes Jimenez
- Departments of Individual, Family and Community Education and Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87112, USA
| | - Krista M Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Alberta S Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine and Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC 10 5590, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Masheb RM, Ruser CB, Min KM, Bullock AJ, Dorflinger LM. Does food addiction contribute to excess weight among clinic patients seeking weight reduction? Examination of the Modified Yale Food Addiction Survey. Compr Psychiatry 2018; 84:1-6. [PMID: 29654930 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite controversy surrounding the construct of food addiction, its relationship with obesity and the validity of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), have become emerging fields of study. No prior research has examined the prevalence and correlates of food addiction, and validation of the Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (mYFAS), in a non-research based weight management clinic setting. OBJECTIVE The current study sought to examine the validity of a brief version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale in weight loss seeking patients, and to determine whether food addiction contributes to excess weight in this patient population. PARTICIPANTS The sample consisted of 126 Veterans with overweight/obesity who attended an orientation session for a weight management program. Participants (mean age = 61.8 years, mean BMI = 38.0, male = 89.7%, Caucasian = 76.0%) completed questionnaires related to food addiction, weight and eating, and mental health and behavior. RESULTS Ten percent of the sample met diagnostic threshold for food addiction. Correlational analysis revealed that food addiction was significantly and highly correlated with BMI, emotional eating, night eating and screens for depression and insomnia (p's < 0.001); significantly correlated with eating pathology, and screening for PTSD (p's < 0.05); and inversely correlated with screening for alcohol use disorders (p < 0.01). The prevalence of food addiction was significantly higher in participants with Binge Eating Disorder (75%) compared to participants without (5.4%; p < 0.001). Food addiction uniquely accounted for 15% of the variance of BMI, almost three times more than general eating disorder pathology. DISCUSSION This study provides further evidence for the validity of the mYFAS, and clinical significance of the food addiction construct among weight loss seeking patients in non-research based weight management settings. Findings confirm that food addiction contributes to excess weight among clinic patients seeking weight reduction above and beyond the effects of disordered eating. It is recommended that clinicians and researchers consider an addiction framework for addressing comorbid overweight and food addiction among afflicted individuals seeking weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Masheb
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States; Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Christopher B Ruser
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States; Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kathryn M Min
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|