1
|
Pooda SH, Hien DFDS, Pagabeleguem S, Heinrich AP, Porciani A, Sagna AB, Zela L, Percoma L, Lefèvre T, Dabiré RK, Koffi AA, Düring RA, Pennetier C, Moiroux N, Mouline K. Impact of blood meals taken on ivermectin-treated livestock on survival and egg production of the malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii under laboratory conditions. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308293. [PMID: 39146278 PMCID: PMC11326554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatment of livestock with endectocides such as ivermectin is viewed as a complementary vector control approach to address residual transmission of malaria. However, efficacy of this treatment may vary between animal species. Hence, our purpose was to investigate the effects of ivermectin treatments of common livestock species on life history traits of the opportunistic malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii. Sheep, goats and pigs were treated using injectable veterinary ivermectin formulation at the species-specific doses (recommended dose for all species and high dose in pig). Mosquito batches were exposed to treated and control (not injected) animals at different days after treatment. Daily mosquito mortality was recorded and fecundity assessed through the count of gravid females and the number of eggs they developed. The recommended dose of ivermectin induced a significant decrease in mosquito survival for up to 7 days after injection (DAI), with a decrease of 89.7%, 66.7%, and 48.4% in treated pigs, goats and sheep, respectively, compared to control animals. In treated pigs, the triple therapeutic dose decreased mosquito survival of 68.97% relatively to controls up to 14 DAI. The average number in gravid females Anopheles that survived after feeding on treated animals were reduced when blood-meals were taken on sheep (2.57% and 42.03% at 2 and 7 DAI), or on goats (decrease of the 28.28% and 73.64% respectively at 2 and 7 DAI). This study shows that ivermectin treatments to animals negatively impacts An. coluzzii life history traits and could reduce vector densities in areas where livestock live near humans. However, due to short-term efficacy of single dose treatments, repeated treatments and potentially increased dosages would be required to span the transmission season. The use of long-acting ivermectin formulations is discussed as a mean for extending efficacy while remaining cost effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sié Hermann Pooda
- Université de Dédougou, Dédougou (UDDG), Dédougou, Burkina Faso
- Insectarium de Bobo-Dioulasso-Campagne d'Eradication de la Mouche Tsé-tsé et de la Tryapnosomose (IBD-CETT), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Soumaïla Pagabeleguem
- Université de Dédougou, Dédougou (UDDG), Dédougou, Burkina Faso
- Insectarium de Bobo-Dioulasso-Campagne d'Eradication de la Mouche Tsé-tsé et de la Tryapnosomose (IBD-CETT), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Andre Patrick Heinrich
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Angélique Porciani
- Unité Mixte sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - André Barembaye Sagna
- Unité Mixte sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Lamidi Zela
- Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Lassane Percoma
- Insectarium de Bobo-Dioulasso-Campagne d'Eradication de la Mouche Tsé-tsé et de la Tryapnosomose (IBD-CETT), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Thierry Lefèvre
- Unité Mixte sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Roch Kounbobr Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Cédric Pennetier
- Unité Mixte sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Moiroux
- Unité Mixte sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Karine Mouline
- Unité Mixte sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hachgenei N, Robinet N, Baduel C, Nord G, Spadini L, Martins JMF, Duwig C. Catchment-scale rapid transfer of livestock pharmaceuticals under Mediterranean climate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:166650. [PMID: 37652379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Various pharmaceuticals are essential for livestock farming, but some are highly toxic to aquatic life if they reach surface water bodies. Mediterranean Climate is characterized by dry summers followed by intense autumn storms. We studied the effect of these climatic conditions on the risk of pharmaceutical residues transfer to streams at the catchment-scale. Pharmaceutical products routinely used in the study area, as well as their application frequency and season, were identified through interviews with farmers. As a proof a concept, three veterinary pharmaceuticals (Fenbendazole (FBZ), Mebendazole (MBZ) and Ivermectin (IVM)) were chosen as model chemicals based on their relatively high usage, their specificity to represent different types of livestock (swine, sheep and cattle), and their ability to be analyzed using the same analytical method. Stream water was analyzed during low flow periods and at high frequency (up to 2 h-1) during flood events. The selected veterinary pharmaceuticals were not detected during low flow, but FBZ and MBZ reached high concentrations for short periods during floods. Due to the event-driven nature of their transfer, a significant load of veterinary pharmaceuticals can reach the river and cause temporary but significant degradation of water quality (e.g. for FBZ, the water concentration reached up to 355 times the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC)). This indicates that special care should be taken to avoid keeping freshly treated livestock on pastures that may become hydrologically connected under wet conditions. In addition, it suggests that low-frequency monitoring is not sufficient to detect those high concentration levels that exist during very short periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Hachgenei
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, Grenoble, France.
| | - Nicolas Robinet
- UMR CNRS 5194 Pacte, Université Grenoble Alpes, Cermosem, 1064 chemin du Pradel, 07170 Mirabel, France
| | - Christine Baduel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Nord
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Lorenzo Spadini
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean M F Martins
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Céline Duwig
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Laber L, Jandowsky A, Frölich K, Heinrich AP, Düring RA, Donath TW, Eichberg C. Dose-dependent in vivo effects of formulated moxidectin on seedling emergence of temperate grassland species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167152. [PMID: 37730042 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Sheep function as effective endozoochorous seed vectors in grasslands. Recent laboratory-based studies showed that this important function can be impaired by macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics, which are used to control parasites and enter into the environment mainly via faeces; however, there is a lack of in vivo studies. We conducted a seed-feeding experiment with sheep that included four temperate grassland species from four different families (Achillea ptarmica, Asteraceae; Agrostis capillaris, Poaceae; Dianthus deltoides, Caryophyllaceae; Plantago lanceolata, Plantaginaceae). A series of three feeding trials was carried out after one of two groups of sheep received a single administration of a common oral formulation of the macrocyclic lactone moxidectin. Faeces were collected to determine seedling emergence rate and emergence timing as well as moxidectin concentration via HPLC. Seedling emergence differed significantly between the anthelmintic-treated sheep and the control group. This impact depended on time of seed uptake after anthelmintic administration. Number of emerging seedlings was significantly reduced (27.1 %) when faeces moxidectin concentrations were high (on average 3153 ng g-1; 1 d post treatment) and significantly increased (up to 68.8 %) when moxidectin concentrations were low (≤86 ng g-1; 7, 14 d pt). Mean emergence time was significantly lowered at low moxidectin concentrations. These results demonstrate dose-related effects of deworming on seedling emergence which might affect endozoochory and eventually plant population dynamics in grasslands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Laber
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
| | | | - Kai Frölich
- Arche Warder Center for Old and Rare Breeds, Warder, Germany
| | - Andre P Heinrich
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Tobias W Donath
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carsten Eichberg
- Geobotany, Spatial and Environmental Sciences, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Laber L, Eichberg C, Zimmerbeutel A, Düring RA, Donath TW. Effects of macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics on seed germination of temperate grassland species. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:1046-1057. [PMID: 37703534 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics are widely used to control invertebrate pests in livestock, such as sheep. While anthelmintic effects on non-target animals, such as dung-dwelling insects, are well studied, effects on seed germination are largely unknown. Seeds can come into contact with anthelmintics either during passage through the gastro-intestinal tract of grazing animals or when anthelmintics are excreted with their dung into the environment, which may result in changed germination patterns. We used four commonly applied macrocyclic lactones to assess their effects on germination: moxidectin, ivermectin, abamectin and doramectin as pure substances; moxidectin and ivermectin also in formulated form. We tested these pharmaceuticals on 17 different temperate grassland species from five plant families. Seeds were exposed to three concentrations of macrocyclic lactones (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg·l-1 ) under controlled conditions, and germination was assessed over a 6-week period. From these data, we calculated germination percentage, mean germination time and germination synchrony. Most of the tested species were significantly affected in germination percentage and/or mean germination time by at least one of the tested pharmaceuticals, with formulated moxidectin having the largest impact. In general, the effects found were species- and pharmaceutical-specific. While formulated substances generally reduced germination percentage and increased mean germination time, pure substances increased germination percentage. Synchrony showed less clear patterns in all pharmaceuticals. Although effect size and sign varied between species, our study shows that non-target effects of macrocyclic lactones commonly occur in terrestrial plants. This may impede successful seed exchange between habitats via sheep, and even translate into profound changes to grazed ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Laber
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Eichberg
- Geobotany, Spatial and Environmental Sciences, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| | - A Zimmerbeutel
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - R-A Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - T W Donath
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rakonjac N, van der Zee SEATM, Wipfler L, Roex E, Kros H. Emission estimation and prioritization of veterinary pharmaceuticals in manure slurries applied to soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152938. [PMID: 35016945 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary pharmaceuticals (VPs) are emitted into the environment and transfer to groundwater and surface water is diffuse and complex, whereas actual information on the fate is frequently limited. For 17 VPs of potential concern in the Netherlands, we assessed sources and emission due to animal slurry applications to soil. Hence, we examined the use of VPs in four livestock sectors in the Netherlands for 2015-2018, and quantified animal excretion rates and dissipation during slurry storage. For almost all VPs, administrated quantities to the animals during the period 2015-2018 decreased. VP concentrations during a storage period of six months could decrease between 10 and 98% depending on the compound. Predicted concentrations of VPs in slurries after storage compared well with measured concentrations in the literature. Based on the storage model outcomes, we developed a residue indicator, that quantifies the potential for residues in applied slurry. This indicator agrees well with the most frequently detected VPs in the Dutch slurries, and is therefore useful to prioritize measures aiming at reducing VP emissions into the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Rakonjac
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Louise Wipfler
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin Roex
- Ministry of Defence, Doorn, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Kros
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Diagboya PN, Mtunzi FM, Adebowale KO, Düring RA, Olu-Owolabi BI. Comparative empirical evaluation of the aqueous adsorptive sequestration potential of low-cost feldspar-biochar composites for ivermectin. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
7
|
Zhao D, Wimalasinghe RM, Wang L, Rustum AM. Development and Validation of a Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) Method for Identification, Assay and Estimation of Related Substances of Ivermectin in Bulk Drug Batches of Ivermectin Drug Substance. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:620-632. [PMID: 34530453 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the identification and assay of Ivermectin, including the identification and estimation of its process-related impurities and degradation products in bulk drug substance of Ivermectin. Analytes were separated on a HALO C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm I.D., 2.7 μm particle size) maintained at 40 °C (column temperature) with gradient elution. All analytes of interests were adequately separated within 25 min. All degradation products, process-related impurities and assay were monitored by ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. The new HPLC method described here successfully separated an isomer peak of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from the major API peak. This newly separated isomer peak is around 1.2 to 1.5% (peak area) in typical API samples, and coelutes with the major API peak by all current HPLC methods. Quantitation limit of the HPLC method is 0.1% of target analytical concentration (~1.0 μg/mL). This method has been demonstrated to be accurate, robust, significantly higher degree of selectivity compared to the HPLC methods of Ivermectin drug substance reported in the literature and in the compendial HPLC methods prescribed in the current USA and European Pharmacopeia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daoli Zhao
- Global Pharmaceutical Technique Support (GPTS), Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Rasangi M Wimalasinghe
- Global Pharmaceutical Technique Support (GPTS), Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Global Pharmaceutical Technique Support (GPTS), Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Abu M Rustum
- Global Pharmaceutical Technique Support (GPTS), Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Heinrich AP, Zöltzer T, Böhm L, Wohde M, Jaddoudi S, El Maataoui Y, Dahchour A, Düring RA. Sorption of selected antiparasitics in soils and sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2021; 33:77. [PMID: 34249591 PMCID: PMC8253237 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-021-00513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Veterinary pharmaceuticals can enter the environment when excreted after application and burden terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, knowledge about the basic process of sorption in soils and sediments is limited, complicating regulatory decisions. Therefore, batch equilibrium studies were conducted for the widely used antiparasitics abamectin, doramectin, ivermectin, and moxidectin to add to the assessment of their environmental fate. RESULTS We examined 20 soil samples and six sediments from Germany and Morocco. Analysis was based on HPLC-fluorescence detection after derivatization. For soils, this resulted in distribution coefficients K D of 38-642 mL/g for abamectin, doramectin, and ivermectin. Moxidectin displayed K D between 166 and 3123 mL/g. Normalized to soil organic carbon, log K OC coefficients were 3.63, 3.93, 4.12, and 4.74 mL/g, respectively, revealing high affinity to organic matter of soils and sediments. Within sediments, distribution resulted in higher log K OC of 4.03, 4.13, 4.61, and 4.97 mL/g for the four substances. This emphasizes the diverse nature of organic matter in both environmental media. The results also confirm a newly reported log KOW for ivermectin which is higher than longstanding assumptions. Linear sorption models facilitate comparison with other studies and help establish universal distribution coefficients for the environmental risk assessment of veterinary antiparasitics. CONCLUSIONS Since environmental exposure affects soils and sediments, future sorption studies should aim to include both matrices to review these essential pharmaceuticals and mitigate environmental risks from their use. The addition of soils and sediments from the African continent (Morocco) touches upon possible broader applications of ivermectin for human use. Especially for ivermectin and moxidectin, strong sorption further indicates high hydrophobicity and provides initial concern for potential aquatic or terrestrial ecotoxicological effects such as bioaccumulation. Our derived K OW estimates also urge to re-assess this important regulatory parameter with contemporary techniques for all four substances. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12302-021-00513-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre Patrick Heinrich
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Timm Zöltzer
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Leonard Böhm
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Manuel Wohde
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sara Jaddoudi
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment (LMNE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Av Ibn Battouta Agdal, BP1014 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yassine El Maataoui
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment (LMNE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Av Ibn Battouta Agdal, BP1014 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelmalek Dahchour
- Département Des Sciences Fondamentales Et Appliquées, Institut Agronomique Et Véterinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Villada-Bedoya S, Chávez-Ríos JR, Montoya B, Castelán F, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Escobar F, González-Tokman D. Heat shock proteins and antioxidants as mechanisms of response to ivermectin in the dung beetle Euoniticellus intermedius. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128707. [PMID: 33168281 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin is the most common antiparasitic drug used in livestock in many regions of the world. Its residues are excreted in dung, threatening non-target fauna such as dung beetles, fundamental for cleaning dung in pastures. However, it is unclear which are the physiological mechanisms used by dung beetles to cope with ivermectin. Here we evaluated experimentally the physiological responses of the dung beetle Euoniticellus intermedius to ivermectin-induced stress. We measured metabolic rates, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression, antioxidant capacity, and oxidative damage in lipids in both males and females exposed to a sublethal dose. Compared to control beetles, ivermectin-treated males and females had increased metabolic rates. Moreover, ivermectin-treated females increased their expression of Hsp70 whereas males increased their antioxidant capacity. No changes in the levels of oxidative damage to lipids were detected for either sex, suggesting a process of hormesis, such that exposure to a moderate concentration of ivermectin could stimulate the action of a protective mechanism against oxidative stress, that differs between sexes. However, it does not exclude the possibility that damage to other biomolecules might have occurred. Sexual differences in physiological responses can be interpreted as the result of hormonal differences or life-history trade-offs that favor different mechanisms in females and males. Hsps and antioxidants are involved in the physiological response of beetles to ivermectin and may be key in providing resistance to this contaminant in target and non-target species, including dung beetles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús Ramsés Chávez-Ríos
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de La Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Bibiana Montoya
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de La Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Castelán
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de La Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Diagboya PN, Mtunzi FM, Düring RA, Olu-Owolabi BI. Empirical Assessment and Reusability of an Eco-Friendly Amine-Functionalized SBA-15 Adsorbent for Aqueous Ivermectin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul N. Diagboya
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa
| | - Fanyana M. Mtunzi
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35359 Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Olu-Owolabi BI, Diagboya PN, Mtunzi FM, Düring RA. Utilizing eco-friendly kaolinite-biochar composite adsorbent for removal of ivermectin in aqueous media. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111619. [PMID: 33168299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Several emerging contaminants are currently used in an unregulated manner worldwide, resulting in their increasing stringent limits in water by regulatory bodies. Thus, more viable and cheap treatment technologies are required. Recently, synergistic combinations of low-cost adsorbents have shown huge potential for aqueous toxic metals adsorption in water treatment processes. However, there is dearth of data on their potential for emerging contaminant removal. Here, low-cost kaolinite (KAC) clay was synergistically combined with blended Carica papaya or pine cone seeds, and calcined to obtain composites of KAC-Carica papaya seeds (KPA) and KAC-pine cone seeds (KPC). These adsorbents were characterized and evaluated for ivermectin adsorption at varying operating times (15-1440 min), pH (3-11), concentration (100-600 μg/L), and temperature (19.5-39.5 °C), as well as testing adsorbents' reusability. The composites exhibited marked property differences including over 250% cation exchange capacity increases and ≥50% surface area decreases, but unchanged KAC clay primary lattice structure. Ivermectin adsorption data were explained using kinetics and adsorption isotherm models. The rate of adsorption on KAC decreased over time, while rates for KPA and KPC increased until equilibrium at 180 min; the presence of biomaterials in the composites conferred better ivermectin adsorption and retention under continuous agitation. The adsorbents exhibited dual adsorption peaks one each at the acidic and alkaline pH regions as solution pH changed from 3 to 11. The rate data fitted (≥0.9232) the homogeneous fractal Pseudo-Second Order (FPSO) better than any other kinetics model, as well as the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model (≥0.9887); these indicate complex interactions between ivermectin and the adsorption sites of both composites. Ambient temperature increase up to ≈30 °C caused higher ivermectin adsorption but beyond this temperature there was drastic drop in adsorption. The KPA and KPC adsorption capacities are 105.3 and 115.8 μg/g, respectively. The KPC was better at reducing ivermecitn in low-concentration solution (≈75 μg/L) to less than 5.0 μg/L compared with KPA with ≈20.0 μg/L. Though KPC showed better efficiency in adsorption capacity and lowering concentration in low-concentration solutions, KPA exhibited better reusability with 83.5 and 67.5% initial adsorption strengths remaining in the second and third adsorption cycles, respectively, compared to the 73.8 and 58.8% for the KPC. These results indicate that KPA and KPC composites have the economic potential for application in water treatment processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bamidele I Olu-Owolabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Paul N Diagboya
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Fanyana M Mtunzi
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xikhongelo RV, Mtunzi FM, Diagboya PN, Olu-Owolabi BI, Düring RA. Polyamidoamine-Functionalized Graphene Oxide–SBA-15 Mesoporous Composite: Adsorbent for Aqueous Arsenite, Cadmium, Ciprofloxacin, Ivermectin, and Tetracycline. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rikhotso V. Xikhongelo
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa
| | - Fanyana M. Mtunzi
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa
| | - Paul N. Diagboya
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bamidele I. Olu-Owolabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Manning P, Cutler GC. Exposure to low concentrations of pesticide stimulates ecological functioning in the dung beetle Onthophagus nuchicornis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10359. [PMID: 33282556 PMCID: PMC7690291 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Body-size is an important trait for predicting how species contribute to ecosystem functions and respond to environmental stress. Using the dung beetle Onthophagus nuchicornis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), we explored how variation in body-size affected ecosystem functioning (dung burial) and sensitivity to an environmental stressor (exposure to the veterinary anthelmintic ivermectin). We found that large beetles buried nearly 1.5-fold more dung than small beetles, but that mortality from exposure to a range of concentrations of ivermectin did not differ between large and small beetles. Unexpectedly, we found that exposure to low concentrations of ivermectin (0.01–1 mg ivermectin per kg dung) stimulated dung burial in both small and large beetles. Our results provide evidence of ecological functioning hormesis stemming from exposure to low amounts of a chemical stressor that causes mortality at high doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Manning
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - G Christopher Cutler
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Verdú JR, Cortez V, Ortiz AJ, Lumaret JP, Lobo JM, Sánchez-Piñero F. Biomagnification and body distribution of ivermectin in dung beetles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9073. [PMID: 32493927 PMCID: PMC7270108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A terrestrial test system to investigate the biomagnification potential and tissue-specific distribution of ivermectin, a widely used parasiticide, in the non-target dung beetle Thorectes lusitanicus (Jekel) was developed and validated. Biomagnification kinetics of ivermectin in T. lusitanicus was investigated by following uptake, elimination, and distribution of the compound in dung beetles feeding on contaminated faeces. Results showed that ivermectin was biomagnified in adults of T. lusitanicus when exposed to non-lethal doses via food uptake. Ivermectin was quickly transferred from the gut to the haemolymph, generating a biomagnification factor (BMFk) three times higher in the haemolymph than in the gut after an uptake period of 12 days. The fat body appeared to exert a major role on the biomagnification of ivermectin in the insect body, showing a BMFk 1.6 times higher than in the haemolymph. The results of this study highlight that the biomagnification of ivermectin should be investigated from a global dung-based food web perspective and that the use of these antiparasitic substances should be monitored and controlled on a precautionary basis. Thus, we suggest that an additional effort be made in the development of standardised regulatory recommendations to guide biomagnification studies in terrestrial organisms, but also that it is necessary to adapt existing methods to assess the effects of such veterinary medical products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José R Verdú
- I.U.I. CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, E-03690, Spain.
| | - Vieyle Cortez
- I.U.I. CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, E-03690, Spain
| | - Antonio J Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Química Orgánica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, E-23071, Spain
| | - Jean-Pierre Lumaret
- Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, CNRS, IRD, CEFE UMR 5175, F34000. Université Paul-Valéry Laboratoire Zoogéographie, route de Mende, 34199, Montpellier, cedex 5, France
| | - Jorge M Lobo
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global. José Abascal 2, Madrid, E-28006, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ishikawa I, Iwasa M. Toxicological effect of ivermectin on the survival, reproduction, and feeding activity of four species of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae) in Japan. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:106-114. [PMID: 31190655 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the antiparasitic drug ivermectin on the dung beetles Copris acutidens Motschulsky, Onthophagus bivertex Heyden, O. lenzii Harold and Phelotrupes auratus auratus Motschulsky in Japan. Ivermectin was detected in cattle dung from 1 to 3 or 7 days post-treatment, with a peak at 3 days post-treatment in two pour-on administrations (500 µg kg-1). In C. acutidens, adult survivals and numbers of brood balls were significantly reduced in dung collected at 3 and 7 days post-treatment, and adult emergence rates were significantly decreased in dung collected at 7 and 14 days post-treatment. Feeding activity of C. acutidens was inhibited in dung collected at 3 days post-treatment, but was not significantly different from that seen in control dung at 7 and 14 days post-treatment. In O. bivertex and O. lenzii, there were no effects of ivermectin on adult survival or feeding activities, but the numbers of brood balls of O. bivertex constructed in dung collected at 3 and 7 days post-treatment were significantly lower than observed with control dung. The adult emergence rates of O. bivertex and O. lenzii were significantly reduced in dung collected at 1 to 3 and 1 to 7 days post-treatment, respectively. In P. auratus, there were no effects of ivermectin on adult survival, oviposition, feeding activity, or larval survival (until the third instar) in dung at 3 days post-treatment. The environmental risks affecting the populations of dung beetles in Japan are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Entomology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - M Iwasa
- Laboratory of Entomology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Villada-Bedoya S, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Escobar F, Martínez-Morales I, González-Tokman D. Dung Beetle Body Condition: A Tool for Disturbance Evaluation in Contaminated Pastures. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2392-2404. [PMID: 31550063 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of veterinary medical products and herbicides is a common practice in intensified livestock systems. These compounds affect nontarget organisms that perform important ecosystem functions, such as dung beetles. The assessment of body condition allows us to determine how individuals respond to changes in the environment. However, assessments of how contamination associated with cattle farming affects coprophagous insects such as dung beetles have not been conducted in natural systems. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of ivermectin (an antiparasitic drug) and herbicides on the body condition of 3 species of dung beetles collected in the field: Copris incertus, Euoniticellus intermedius, and Digitonthophagus gazella. We recorded 3 condition indicators (body size, lipid mass, and muscle mass) of beetles collected from 19 livestock ranches in northeastern Mexico. In general, the use of ivermectin had adverse effects on C. incertus and E. intermedius whereas the effects were positive for D. gazella. Conversely, the use of herbicides had adverse effects on D. gazella and positive effects on C. incertus. The different effects of ivermectin and herbicides found in males and females show that sex can be important in determining individual responses to environmental contamination. Importantly, we provide the first evidence under natural conditions that native and exotic species of dung beetles are highly sensitive to different types of livestock management, with veterinary medications and herbicides having the ability to alter body condition. Changes in dung beetle condition can reduce the ecosystem services that dung beetles provide in livestock systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2392-2404. © 2019 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Federico Escobar
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | | | - Daniel González-Tokman
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ciudad de, México, México
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nieman CC, Floate KD, Düring RA, Heinrich AP, Young DK, Schaefer DM. Eprinomectin from a sustained release formulation adversely affected dung breeding insects. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201074. [PMID: 30080892 PMCID: PMC6078490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The insecticidal activity of parasiticide residues in dung of cattle treated with a sustained release eprinomectin formulation was examined, and an improved eprinomectin dung residue extraction method is presented. Emergent insect abundance and richness were significantly reduced in all post-treatment intervals (7, 14, 28, 56, 84, 112, and 140 d), relative to pre-treatment. Emergent insect diversity was reduced for between 84 and 112 d post-treatment. Collembola were not affected by residues. Chemical analyses subsequently documented residues of eprinomectin in dung of each collection period post-treatment at levels expected based on previously reported excretion profiles for this product. Cattle subcutaneously injected with this product excreted residues that reduced dung-breeding insect emergence for 5 mo post-treatment. The consequences of these long-term non-target effects to pasture ecosystems are not known.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine C. Nieman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kevin D. Floate
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andre P. Heinrich
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel K. Young
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Daniel M. Schaefer
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Baena-Díaz F, Martínez-M I, Gil-Pérez Y, González-Tokman D. Trans-generational effects of ivermectin exposure in dung beetles. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:637-643. [PMID: 29597181 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin is a powerful antiparasitic drug commonly used in cattle. Ivermectin residues are excreted in dung, threatening non-target coprophagous fauna such as dung beetles. This can have severe ecological and economic consequences for dung degradation and soil fertility. Even though the negative effects of direct ivermectin exposure on dung-degrading organisms are well known, effects could extend across generations. Here, we tested the effects of paternal or maternal exposure to ivermectin on offspring in the dung beetle Euoniticellus intermedius. This species is a classic study subject in ecotoxicology and sexual selection because males have a cephalic horn that is under intense selection via male-male competition. After confirming a negative effect of ivermectin on the number of emerged beetles, we found trans-generational effects of ivermectin exposure on the horn size of male offspring. Surprisingly however, this trans-generational effect only occurred when only the father was exposed. We detected no trans-generational effects of ivermectin exposure on offspring number, sex ratio or body size. Our results confirm that ivermectin not only has a strong effect on exposed individuals but also in their progeny. Our study opens new questions about the mechanisms responsible for parental effects and their long-term fitness consequences in contaminated habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Baena-Díaz
- Instituto de Ecología A. C. Antigua carretera a Coatepec 351. El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, Mexico
| | - Imelda Martínez-M
- Instituto de Ecología A. C. Antigua carretera a Coatepec 351. El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, Mexico
| | - Yorleny Gil-Pérez
- Instituto de Ecología A. C. Antigua carretera a Coatepec 351. El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, Mexico
| | - Daniel González-Tokman
- Instituto de Ecología A. C. Antigua carretera a Coatepec 351. El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, Mexico; CONACYT, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Iglesias LE, Saumell C, Sagüés F, Sallovitz JM, Lifschitz AL. Ivermectin dissipation and movement from feces to soil under field conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:42-48. [PMID: 28949805 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1371554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the fate of ivermectin (IVM) at two concentrations in cattle feces and its movement to the nearby soil and plants. Feces were spiked with IVM at two levels: 3000 ng g-1 (high group, HG) and 300 ng g-1 (low group, LG). Artificial dung pats were prepared and deposited in an experimental field area. Feces and underlying soil were sampled up to 60 days post-deposition (dpd). As an additional analysis, grasses growing around the pats were sampled at 30 and 60 dpd. Ivermectin concentrations in all matrices were determined by HPLC. Mean IVM fecal concentrations were in the range between 3901.9 ng g-1 and 2419.2 ng g-1 (high group) and 375.3 ng g-1 and 177.49 ng g-1 (low group). Mean times for 50% and 90% dissipation were 88.23 and 293.03 days (HG) and 39.1 and 129.9 days (LG). Soil concentrations ranged from 26.1 ng g-1 to 71.1 ng g-1 (HG) and 3.4 to 5.9 ng g-1 (LG); in plants, concentrations were between 71.4 and 380.8 ng g-1 and 5.40 and 51.8 ng g-1 in HG and LG, respectively. These results confirm that IVM moves from feces to the underlying soil as well as to nearby plants. The potential risk of detrimental effects on soil organisms and the impact on herbivorous animals should be further evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Emilia Iglesias
- a Área Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Dpto. Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, CIVETAN (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias , UNCPBA, Campus Universitario , Tandil , Argentina
| | - Carlos Saumell
- a Área Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Dpto. Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, CIVETAN (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias , UNCPBA, Campus Universitario , Tandil , Argentina
| | - Federica Sagüés
- a Área Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Dpto. Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, CIVETAN (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias , UNCPBA, Campus Universitario , Tandil , Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Sallovitz
- b Laboratorio de Farmacología, Dpto. Fisiopatología, CIVETAN (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias , UNCPBA, Campus Universitario , Tandil , Argentina
| | - Adrián Luis Lifschitz
- b Laboratorio de Farmacología, Dpto. Fisiopatología, CIVETAN (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias , UNCPBA, Campus Universitario , Tandil , Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
González-Tokman D, Martínez M I, Villalobos-Ávalos Y, Munguía-Steyer R, Ortiz-Zayas MDR, Cruz-Rosales M, Lumaret JP. Ivermectin alters reproductive success, body condition and sexual trait expression in dung beetles. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 178:129-135. [PMID: 28324834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin is a very common parasiticide used in livestock. It is excreted in the dung and has negative effects on survival and reproduction of dung-degrading organisms, including dung beetles. Here we exposed the dung beetle Euoniticellus intermedius to different concentrations of ivermectin in the food and evaluated reproductive success and the expression of traits associated with survival and reproduction under laboratory conditions. It is the first time the effects of ivermectin were evaluated on offspring physiological condition and the expression of a secondary sexual trait. We also registered the number of emerged beetles, sex ratio and body size of emerged adult beetles. Besides reducing the number of emerged beetles and body size, as found in the same and other insects, ivermectin at high doses reduced muscle mass while at intermediate doses it increased lipid mass. Ivermectin changed offspring sex ratio and at high doses increased the size of male horn, which is an important trait defining the male mating success. Our results highlight the importance of regulating parasiticide usage in livestock in order to maintain ecosystem services provided by dung beetles and confirm that contaminants impose new environmental conditions that not only impact on wild animal survival, but also on evolutionary processes such as sexual selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Tokman
- CONACYT, Mexico; Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, Mexico.
| | - Imelda Martínez M
- Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, Mexico
| | - Yesenia Villalobos-Ávalos
- Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, Mexico
| | - Roberto Munguía-Steyer
- Unidad de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes de Iztacala, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | | | - Magdalena Cruz-Rosales
- Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, Mexico
| | - Jean-Pierre Lumaret
- UMR 5175 CEFE, CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Zoogéographie, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, Route de Mende, 34199 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wohde M, Bartz JO, Böhm L, Hartwig C, Keil BM, Martin K, Düring RA. Automated thin-film microextraction coupled to a flow-through cell: somewhere in between passive and active sampling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:1975-1984. [PMID: 28012111 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A prototype for the automated thin-film microextraction of pharmaceuticals from aqueous solutions has been developed and is presented here for the first time. With a software-controlled setup, extraction methods for ivermectin and iohexol have been developed. The widely used antiparasitic agent ivermectin is non-polar and has a high tendency to sorb to surfaces. In contrast to this, the nonionic but polar iodinated X-ray contrast agent iohexol is freely water soluble. With these two substances, a wide range of polarity is covered. Sorption kinetics and thermodynamics of ivermectin and iohexol were studied. With the presented passive sampling approach, it was possible to extract up to 96.2% ivermectin with a C18-phase within 1 h and up to 74.6% of iohexol with a PS-DVB phase within 36 h out of water. Using abamectin as internal standard, it was possible to quantitatively follow dissipation of ivermectin in a simulated surface water experiment. Predominantly, the newly developed prototype can be used for automated and time-resolved extraction of xenobiotics from waterbodies under field conditions, for the extraction of substances under laboratory conditions as an alternative to the elaborate solid-phase extraction, and for the automated control of chemical reaction kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Wohde
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University Giessen, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Jens-Ole Bartz
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Leonard Böhm
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University Giessen, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Hartwig
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University Giessen, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Martin Keil
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University Giessen, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katharina Martin
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University Giessen, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University Giessen, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jochmann R, Lipkow E, Blanckenhorn WU. A field test of the effect of spiked ivermectin concentrations on the biodiversity of coprophagous dung insects in Switzerland. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1947-1952. [PMID: 26013817 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary medical product residues can cause severe damage in the dung ecosystem. Depending on the manner of application and the time after treatment, the excreted concentration of a given pharmaceutical varies. The popular anthelmintic drug ivermectin can be applied to livestock in several different ways and is fecally excreted over a period of days to months after application. In a field experiment replicated in summer and autumn, the authors mixed 6 ivermectin concentrations plus a null control into fresh cow dung to assess the reaction of the dung insect community. Taxon richness of the insect dung fauna emerging from the dung, but not Hill diversity ((1) D) or the total number of individuals (abundance), decreased as ivermectin concentration increased. Corresponding declines in the number of emerging insects were found for most larger brachyceran flies and hymenopteran parasitoids, but not for most smaller nematoceran flies or beetles (except Hydrophilidae). Parallel pitfall traps recovered all major dung organism groups that emerged from the experimental dung, although at times in vastly different numbers. Ivermectin generally did not change the attractiveness of dung: differences in emergence therefore reflect differences in survival of coprophagous offspring of colonizing insects. Because sample size was limited to 6 replicates, the authors generally recommend more than 10 (seasonal) replicates and also testing higher concentrations than used in the present study as positive controls in future studies. Results accord with parallel experiments in which the substance was applied and passed through the cow's digestive system. In principle, therefore, the authors' experimental design is suitable for such higher-tier field tests of the response of the entire dung community to pharmaceutical residues, at least for ivermectin. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1947-1952. © 2015 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Jochmann
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich-Irchel, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Wolf U Blanckenhorn
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich-Irchel, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Scheffczyk A, Floate KD, Blanckenhorn WU, Düring RA, Klockner A, Lahr J, Lumaret JP, Salamon JA, Tixier T, Wohde M, Römbke J. Nontarget effects of ivermectin residues on earthworms and springtails dwelling beneath dung of treated cattle in four countries. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1959-1969. [PMID: 26565894 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The authorization of veterinary medicinal products requires that they be assessed for nontarget effects in the environment. Numerous field studies have assessed these effects on dung organisms. However, few studies have examined effects on soil-dwelling organisms, which might be exposed to veterinary medicinal product residues released during dung degradation. The authors compared the abundance of earthworms and springtails in soil beneath dung from untreated cattle and from cattle treated 0 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, and 28 d previously with ivermectin. Study sites were located in different ecoregions in Switzerland (Continental), The Netherlands (Atlantic), France (Mediterranean), and Canada (Northern Mixed Grassland). Samples were collected using standard methods from 1 mo to 12 mo after pat deposition. Ivermectin concentrations in soil beneath dung pats ranged from 0.02 mg/kg dry weight (3 mo) to typically <0.006 mg/kg dry weight (5-7 mo). Earthworms were abundant and species-rich at the Swiss and Dutch sites, less common with fewer species at the French site, and essentially absent at the Canadian site. Diverse but highly variable communities of springtails were present at all sites. Overall, results showed little effect of residues on either earthworms or springtails. The authors recommend that inclusion of soil organisms in field studies to assess the nontarget effects of veterinary medicinal products be required only if earthworms or springtails exhibit sensitivity to the product in laboratory tests. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1959-1969. © 2015 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin D Floate
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wolf U Blanckenhorn
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University Giessen, IFZ, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrea Klockner
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University Giessen, IFZ, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joost Lahr
- Alterra, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre Lumaret
- Laboratoire de Zoogéographie UPVM, CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS-Université de Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier-EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Jörg-Alfred Salamon
- Ecology & Evolution, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, ITZ, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Tixier
- Laboratoire de Zoogéographie UPVM, CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS-Université de Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier-EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Manuel Wohde
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University Giessen, IFZ, Giessen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Adler N, Bachmann J, Blanckenhorn WU, Floate KD, Jensen J, Römbke J. Effects of ivermectin application on the diversity and function of dung and soil fauna: Regulatory and scientific background information. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1914-1923. [PMID: 26573955 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The application of veterinary medical products to livestock can impact soil organisms in manure-amended fields or adversely affect organisms that colonize dung pats of treated animals and potentially retard the degradation of dung on pastures. For this reason, the authorization process for veterinary medicinal products in the European Union includes a requirement for higher-tier tests when adverse effects on dung organisms are observed in single-species toxicity tests. However, no guidance documents for the performance of higher-tier tests are available. Hence, an international research project was undertaken to develop and validate a proposed test method under varying field conditions of climate, soil, and endemic coprophilous fauna at Lethbridge (Canada), Montpellier (France), Zurich (Switzerland), and Wageningen (The Netherlands). The specific objectives were to determine if fecal residues of an anthelmintic with known insecticidal activity (ivermectin) showed similar effects across sites on 1) insects breeding in dung of treated animals, 2) coprophilous organisms in the soil beneath the dung, and 3) rates of dung degradation. By evaluating the effects of parasiticides on communities of dung-breeding insects and soil fauna under field conditions, the test method meets the requirements of a higher-tier test as mandated by the European Union. The present study provides contextual information on authorization requirements for veterinary medicinal products and on the structure and function of dung and soil organism communities. It also provides a summary of the main findings. Subsequent studies on this issue provide detailed information on different aspects of this overall project. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1914-1923. © 2015 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Adler
- Federal Environment Agency, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | | | - Wolf U Blanckenhorn
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kevin D Floate
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - John Jensen
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Floate KD, Düring RA, Hanafi J, Jud P, Lahr J, Lumaret JP, Scheffczyk A, Tixier T, Wohde M, Römbke J, Sautot L, Blanckenhorn WU. Validation of a standard field test method in four countries to assess the toxicity of residues in dung of cattle treated with veterinary medical products. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1934-1946. [PMID: 26174741 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Registration of veterinary medical products includes the provision that field tests may be required to assess potential nontarget effects associated with the excretion of product residues in dung of treated livestock (phase II, tier B testing). However, regulatory agencies provide no guidance on the format of these tests. In the present study, the authors report on the development of a standardized field test method designed to serve as a tier B test. Dung was collected from cattle before and up to 2 mo after treatment with a topical application of a test compound (ivermectin). Pats formed of dung from the different treatments were placed concurrently in the field to be colonized by insects. The abundance, richness, and diversity of insects developing from egg to adult in these pats were compared across treatments using analysis of variance tests. Regression analyses were used to regress abundance, richness, and diversity against residue concentrations in each treatment. Results of the regression were used to estimate mean lethal concentration (LC50) values. The robustness of the method and the repeatability of its findings were assessed concurrently in 4 countries (Canada, France, Switzerland, and The Netherlands) in climatically diverse ecoregions. Results were generally consistent across countries, and support the method's formal adoption by the European Union to assess the effects of veterinary medical product residues on the composition and diversity of insects in dung of treated livestock. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1934-1946. © 2015 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc., on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Floate
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - Jamal Hanafi
- Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Priska Jud
- Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joost Lahr
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre Lumaret
- Center for Evolutionary and Functional Ecology, French National Center for Scientific Research; École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paul Valéry University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Thomas Tixier
- Center for Evolutionary and Functional Ecology, French National Center for Scientific Research; École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paul Valéry University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Manuel Wohde
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Lucille Sautot
- Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolf U Blanckenhorn
- Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tixier T, Blanckenhorn WU, Lahr J, Floate K, Scheffczyk A, Düring RA, Wohde M, Römbke J, Lumaret JP. A four-country ring test of nontarget effects of ivermectin residues on the function of coprophilous communities of arthropods in breaking down livestock dung. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1953-1958. [PMID: 26363179 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
By degrading the dung of livestock that graze on pastures, coprophilous arthropods accelerate the cycling of nutrients to maintain pasture quality. Many veterinary medicinal products, such as ivermectin, are excreted unchanged in the dung of treated livestock. These residues can be insecticidal and may reduce the function (i.e., dung-degradation) of the coprophilous community. In the present study, we used a standard method to monitor the degradation of dung from cattle treated with ivermectin. The present study was performed during a 1-yr period on pastures in Canada, France, The Netherlands, and Switzerland. Large effects of residue were detected on the coprophilous community, but degradation of dung was not significantly hampered. The results emphasize that failure to detect an effect of veterinary medicinal product residues on dung-degradation does not mean that the residues do not affect the coprophilous community. Rather, insect activity is only one of many factors that affect degradation, and these other factors may mask the nontarget effect of residues. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1953-1958. © 2015 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tixier
- Functional and Evolutionary Ecology Center UMR 5175, Zoogéographie, Université Paul-Valéry-Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Wolf U Blanckenhorn
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Kevin Floate
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Institut für Bodenkunde und Bodenerhaltung, Giessen, Germany
| | - Manuel Wohde
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Institut für Bodenkunde und Bodenerhaltung, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Lumaret
- Functional and Evolutionary Ecology Center UMR 5175, Zoogéographie, Université Paul-Valéry-Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Blanckenhorn WU, Rohner PT, Bernasconi MV, Haugstetter J, Buser A. Is qualitative and quantitative metabarcoding of dung fauna biodiversity feasible? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1970-1977. [PMID: 26450644 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In biodiversity assessments, especially of small-bodied organisms for which taxonomic expertise is lacking, identification by genetic barcoding may be a cost-effective and efficient alternative to traditional identification of species by morphology, ecology, and behavior. The authors tested the feasibility and accuracy of such an approach using dung insects of practical relevance in ecotoxicological assessments of veterinary pharmaceutical residues in the environment. They produced 8 known mixtures that varied in absolute and relative composition of small-bodied and large-bodied species to see whether mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 barcoding picks up all species qualitatively and quantitatively. As demonstrated before in other contexts, such metabarcoding of large numbers of dung insect specimens is principally possible using next-generation sequencing. The authors recovered most species in a sample (low type I error), at minimum permitting analysis of species richness. They obtained even quantitative responses reflecting the body size of the species, although the number of specimens was not well detected. The latter is problematic when calculating diversity indices. Nevertheless, the method yielded too many closely related false positives (type II error), thus generally overestimating species diversity and richness. These errors can be reduced by refining methods and data filtering, although this requires bioinformatics expertise often unavailable where such research is carried out. Identification by barcoding foremost hinges on a good reference database, which does not yet exist for dung organisms but would be worth developing for practical applications. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1970-1977. © 2015 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolf U Blanckenhorn
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick T Rohner
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marco V Bernasconi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Zürich, Switzerland
- Natur-Museum Luzern, Luzern, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|