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Jeremias G, Muñiz-González AB, Mendes Gonçalves FJ, Martínez-Guitarte JL, Asselman J, Luísa Pereira J. History of exposure to copper influences transgenerational gene expression responses in Daphnia magna. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2296275. [PMID: 38154067 PMCID: PMC10761054 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2296275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of transgenerational effects following chemical exposure is a powerful phenomenon, capable of modulating ecosystem health beyond exposure periods. This study assessed the transgenerational effects occurring due to copper exposure in the invertebrate D. magna at the transcriptional level, while evaluating the role of exposure history on such responses. Thus, daphnids acclimated for several generations in a copper vs. clean medium were then exposed for one generation (F0) to this metal, and monitored for the following non-exposed generations (F1, F2 and F3). Organisms differing in exposure histories showed remarkably different transcriptional profiles at the F0, with naïve organisms being more profoundly affected. These trends were confirmed for F3 treatments, which presented different transcriptional patterns for genes involved in detoxification, oxidative stress, DNA damage repair, circadian clock functioning and epigenetic regulation. Furthermore, regardless of exposure history, a great number of histone modifier genes were always found transcriptionally altered, thus suggesting the involvement of histone modifications in the response of Daphnia to metal exposure. Lastly, remarkably distinct transgenerational transcriptional responses were found between naïve and non-naïve organisms, thereby highlighting the influence of exposure history on gene expression and confirming the capacity of metals to determine transgenerational transcriptional effects across non-exposed generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Jeremias
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana-Belén Muñiz-González
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Biology & Toxicology Group, Department of Mathematics, Physics, and Fluids, National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
- Biology & Toxicology Group, Department of Mathematics, Physics, and Fluids, National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jana Asselman
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Kumblad L, E Wiklund AK, Rydin E. Long-term evaluation of potential Al toxicity after an Al treatment in a coastal bay. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 264:122242. [PMID: 39154535 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Coastal areas often suffer from eutrophication, causing ecosystem degradation and oxygen deficiencies. In hundreds of lakes, aluminium (Al) treatment has been a successful method to bind phosphorous in the sediments, reducing lake productivity. In this study we follow up a successful Al treatment of the sediment of Björnöfjärden, which was the first full-scale coastal remediation project using a geo-engineering method, that substantially reduced P concentrations in the water column. We evaluate the long-term development of Al in the water and aquatic life using 10 years data from before, during and after the aluminium treatment. Still after ten years, the treatment is successful with low P concentrations in the Bay. After a temporal increase of Al in water and biota (fish and algae) in connection with the Al treatment, the concentration decreased rapidly to pre-treatment levels. A risk assessment for biota and humans consuming fish and water from the bay showed that the risk for negative effects were negligible, also during the treatment year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kumblad
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ann-Kristin E Wiklund
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emil Rydin
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Zink L, Mertens E, Zhou X, Johnston SE, Bogard M, Wiseman S, Pyle GG. Reframing microplastics as a ligand for metals reveals that water quality characteristics govern the association of cadmium to polyethylene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174659. [PMID: 39053540 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Environmental characteristics including water quality and sediment properties alter the hazard that metals pose to aquatic systems by governing the speciation and partitioning of metals between water, sediment, and biotic ligands; however, alternate ligands are being introduced into aquatic systems through anthropogenic activity. Microplastics are a ligand on which metals interact through adsorption to the plastic surface. It remains unknown what factors determine the amount of metal bound to microplastic. Using a combination of laboratory experiments and machine learning, we tested a suite of eighteen environmental parameters (inclusive of both water and sediment) to understand how they influence association of cadmium to a representative microplastic, polyethylene. From this, we developed and tested a predictive model that outlines the characteristics that favour the association of cadmium to microplastic. Alkalinity, humification index of dissolved organic matter, and pH (all of which are water quality characteristics) were the three factors determining the proportion of cadmium adsorbed to plastics. These results align with other predictive models, such as the Biotic Ligand Model in demonstrating the governance of metal behaviour by water quality characteristics. To assess the relationship of the amount of cadmium bound to microplastic and cadmium uptake, an exposure was completed in which fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were acclimated to environments representing each of the potential outcomes of the model. The uptake of cadmium was not significantly different between groups, indicating that the stress of alterations to water quality may be a confounding factor in determining the exposure risk of microplastics and cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Zink
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Emily Mertens
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xingzi Zhou
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Steve Wiseman
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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Adams WJ, Garman ER. Recommended updates to the USEPA Framework for Metals Risk Assessment: Aquatic ecosystems. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:924-951. [PMID: 37578034 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In 2007, the USEPA issued its "Framework for Metals Risk Assessment." The framework provides technical guidance to risk assessors and regulators when performing human health and environmental risk assessments of metals. This article focuses on advances in the science including assessing bioavailability in aquatic ecosystems, short- and long-term fate of metals in aquatic ecosystems, and advances in risk assessment of metals in sediments. Notable advances have occurred in the development of bioavailability models for assessing toxicity as a function of water chemistry in freshwater ecosystems. The biotic ligand model (BLM), the multiple linear regression model, and multimetal BLM now exist for most of the common mono- and divalent metals. Species sensitivity distributions for many metals exist, making it possible for many jurisdictions to develop or update their water quality criteria or guidelines. The understanding of the fate of metals in the environment has undergone significant scrutiny over the past 20 years. Transport and toxicity models have evolved including the Unit World Model allowing for estimation of concentrations of metals in various compartments as a function of loading and time. There has been significant focus on the transformation of metals in sediments into forms that are less bioavailable and on understanding conditions that result in resolubilization or redistribution of metals in and from sediments. Methods for spiking sediments have advanced such that the resulting chemistry in the laboratory mimics that in natural systems. Sediment bioavailability models are emerging including models that allow for prediction of toxicity in sediments for copper and nickel. Biodynamic models have been developed for several organisms and many metals. The models allow for estimates of transport of metals from sediments to organisms via their diet as well as their water exposure. All these advances expand the tool set available to risk assessors. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:924-951. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Yanagihara M, Hiki K, Iwasaki Y. Which distribution to choose for deriving a species sensitivity distribution? Implications from analysis of acute and chronic ecotoxicity data. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 278:116379. [PMID: 38714082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) estimated by fitting a statistical distribution to ecotoxicity data are indispensable tools used to derive the hazardous concentration for 5 % of species (HC5) and thereby a predicted no-effect concentration in environmental risk assessment. Whereas various statistical distributions are available for SSD estimation, the fundamental question of which statistical distribution should be used has received limited systematic analysis. We aimed to address this knowledge gap by applying four frequently used statistical distributions (log-normal, log-logistic, Burr type III, and Weibull distributions) to acute and chronic SSD estimation using aquatic toxicity data for 191 and 31 chemicals, respectively. Based on the differences in the corrected Akaike's information criterion (AICc) as well as visual inspection of the fitting of the lower tails of SSD curves, the log-normal SSD was generally better or equally good for the majority of chemicals examined. Together with the fact that the ratios of HC5 values of other alternative SSDs to those of log-normal SSDs generally fell within the range 0.1-10, our findings indicate that the log-normal distribution can be a reasonable first candidate for SSD derivation, which does not contest the existing widespread use of log-normal SSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miina Yanagihara
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, Nieuwegein 3433 PE, the Netherlands; Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University Bunkyo-cho 3, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Kyoshiro Hiki
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Iwasaki
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
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Soares MP, Silva LM, De Angelis CF, Cardoso IL, Taylor EW, da Costa Souza I, Bendhack F, de Souza Vieira N, Monferrán MV, Wunderlin DA, Fernandes MN, Leite CAC. Effect of acute exposure to settleable atmospheric particulate matter emitted by the steel industry on hematology and innate immunity of fat snook (Centropomus parallelus). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116428. [PMID: 38735170 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The steel industry is a significant worldwide source of atmospheric particulate matter (PM). Part of PM may settle (SePM) and deposit metal/metalloid and metallic nanoparticles in aquatic ecosystems. However, such an air-to-water cross-contamination is not observed by most monitoring agencies. The region of Vitoria City is the main location of iron processing for exports in Brazil, and it has rivers, estuaries, and coastal areas affected by SePM. We have evaluated the effects of SePM on a local representative fish species, the fat snook, Centropomus parallelus. After acclimation, 48 fishes (61.67 ± 27.83 g) were individually exposed for 96 h to diverse levels of SePM (0.0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 g/L-1). The presence of metals in the blood and several blood biomarkers were analyzed to evaluate the impact of SePM on stress signaling, blood oxygen transport capacity, and innate immune activity. Metal bioaccumulation was measured from blood in two separately analyzed compartments: intracellular (erythrocytes plus white blood cells) and extracellular (plasma). The major metals present at all contamination levels in both compartments were Fe and Zn, followed by Al and Cu, plus traces of 'Emerging metals': Ba, Ce, La, Rb, Se, Sr, and Ti. Emerging metals refer to those that have recently been identified in water as contaminants, encompassing rare earth elements and critical technology elements, as documented in previous studies (See REEs and TCEs in Cobelo-García et al., 2015; Batley et al., 2022). Multivariate analysis revealed that SePM had strong, dose-dependent correlations with all biomarker groups and indicated that blood oxygen-carrying capacity had the highest contamination responsiveness. Metal contamination also increased cortisol and blood glucose levels, attesting to increased stress signaling, and had a negative effect on innate immune activity. Knowledge of the risks related to SePM contamination remains rudimentary. However, the fact that there was metal bioaccumulation, causing impairment of fundamental physiological and cellular processes in this ecologically relevant fish species, consumed by the local human population, highlights the pressing need for further monitoring and eventual control of SePM contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelly Pereira Soares
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ludmila Mendes Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Fernandes De Angelis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Israel Luz Cardoso
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Edwin W Taylor
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Iara da Costa Souza
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Bendhack
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná - UFPR, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
| | - Nathan de Souza Vieira
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná - UFPR, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Magdalena V Monferrán
- ICYTAC: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET and Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. Medina Allende s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Daniel A Wunderlin
- ICYTAC: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET and Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. Medina Allende s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cléo Alcantara Costa Leite
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Wang N, Kunz JL, Dorman RA, Cleveland D, Steevens JA, Raimondo S, Augspurger T, Barnhart MC. Evaluation of Chronic Effects of Potassium Chloride and Nickel on Survival, Growth, and Reproduction of a Unionid Mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:1097-1111. [PMID: 38488680 PMCID: PMC11215799 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The ASTM International standard test method for freshwater mussels (E2455-13) recommends 4-week toxicity testing with juveniles to evaluate chronic effects on survival and growth. However, concerns remain that the method may not adequately address the sensitivity of mussels to longer term exposures (>4 weeks), particularly in relation to potential reproductive impairments. No standard method directly evaluates toxicant effects on mussel reproduction. The objectives of the present study were to (1) evaluate toxicity endpoints related to reproduction in fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) using two common reference toxicants, potassium chloride (KCl) and nickel (Ni); (2) evaluate the survival and growth of juvenile fatmucket in standard 4-week and longer term (12-week) KCl and Ni tests following a method refined from the standard method; and (3) compare the sensitivity of the reproductive endpoints with the endpoints obtained from the juvenile mussel tests. Reproductive toxicity tests were conducted by first exposing female fatmucket brooding mature larvae (glochidia) to five test concentrations of KCl and Ni for 6 weeks. Subsamples of the glochidia were then removed from the adults to determine three reproductive endpoints: (1) the viability of brooded glochidia; (2) the viability of free glochidia in a 24-h exposure to the same toxicant concentrations as their mother; and (3) the success of glochidia parasitism on host fish. Mean viability of brooded glochidia was significantly reduced in the high KCl concentration (26 mg K/L) relative to the control, with a 20% effect concentration (EC20) of 14 mg K/L, but there were no significant differences between the control and any Ni treatment (EC20 > 95 µg Ni/L). The EC20s for viability of free glochidia after the additional 24-h exposure and parasitism success were similar to the EC20s of brooded glochidia. The EC20s based on the most sensitive biomass endpoint in the 4-week juvenile tests were 15 mg K/L and 91 µg Ni/L, similar to or greater than the EC20s from the reproductive KCl and Ni tests, respectively. When exposure duration in the juvenile tests was extended from 4 to 12 weeks, the EC20s decreased by more than 50% in the KCl test but by only 8% in the Ni test. Overall, these results indicate that a standard 4-week test with juvenile mussels can prove effective for estimating effects in chronic exposures with different life stages although a longer term 12-week exposure with juvenile mussels may reveal higher sensitivity of mussels to some toxicants, such as KCl. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1097-1111. © 2024 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - James L. Kunz
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Dorman
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Danielle Cleveland
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffery A. Steevens
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Sandy Raimondo
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecosystem Measurement and Modeling Division, Gulf Breeze, Florida, USA
| | - Tom Augspurger
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Qian J, Hu T, Xiong H, Cao X, Liu F, Gosnell KJ, Xie M, Chen R, Tan QG. Turbid Waters and Clearer Standards: Refining Water Quality Criteria for Coastal Environments by Encompassing Metal Bioavailability from Suspended Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5244-5254. [PMID: 38466635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Suspended particulate matter (SPM) carries a major fraction of metals in turbid coastal waters, markedly influencing metal bioaccumulation and posing risks to marine life. However, its effects are often overlooked in current water quality criteria for metals, primarily due to challenges in quantifying SPM's contribution. This contribution depends on the SPM concentration, metal distribution coefficients (Kd), and the bioavailability of SPM-bound metals (assimilation efficiency, AE), which can collectively be integrated as a modifying factor (MF). Accordingly, we developed a new stable isotope method to measure metal AE by individual organisms from SPM, employing the widely distributed filter-feeding clam Ruditapes philippinarum as a representative species. Assessing SPM from 23 coastal sites in China, we found average AEs of 42% for Zn, 26% for Cd, 20% for Cu, 8% for Ni, and 6% for Pb. Moreover, using stable isotope methods, we determined metal Kd of SPM from these sites, which can be well predicted by the total organic carbon and iron content (R2 = 0.977). We calculated MFs using a Monte Carlo method. The calculated MFs are in the range 9.9-43 for Pb, 8.5-37 for Zn, 2.9-9.7 for Cu, 1.4-2.7 for Ni, and 1.1-1.6 for Cd, suggesting that dissolved-metal-based criteria values should be divided by MFs to provide adequate protection to aquatic life. This study provides foundational guidelines to refine water quality criteria in turbid waters and protect coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Tingsheng Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Haiyan Xiong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Fengjie Liu
- Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment and Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | | | - Minwei Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Qiao-Guo Tan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel D-24148, Germany
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Hornberger MI. A biodynamic model predicting copper and cadmium bioaccumulation in caddisflies: Linkages between field studies and laboratory exposures. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297801. [PMID: 38386678 PMCID: PMC10883540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydropsyche and Arctopsyche are filter-feeding caddisflies (Order: Trichoptera; Family: Hydropsychidae) that are commonly used to monitor metal exposures in rivers. While tissue residue concentrations provide important bioaccumulation data regarding metal bioavailability, they do not provide information regarding the mechanisms of uptake and loss, or exposure history. This study examined the physiological processes that control Cu and Cd uptake and loss using a biokinetic bioaccumulation model. Larvae of each taxon were experimentally exposed to either water or food enriched with stable isotopes (65Cu and 106Cd). Dissolved Cu uptake (ku) was similar between species (2.6-3.4 L-1g 1d-1), but Cd uptake was 3-fold higher in Hydropsyche than Arctopsyche (1.85 L-1g 1d-1 and 0.60 L-1g 1d-1, respectively). Cu and Cd efflux rates (ke) were relatively fast (0.14 d-1-0.24 d-1) in both species, and may explain, in part, their metal tolerance to mine-impacted rivers. Food ingestion rates (IR), assimilation efficiency (AE) of 65Cu and 106Cd from laboratory diets were also derived and used in a biodynamic model to quantify the relative contribution of dissolved and dietary exposure routes. Results from the biodynamic model were compared to tissue concentrations observed in a long-term field study and indicated that because dissolved Cu and Cd exposures accounted for less than 20% of body concentrations of either taxon, dietary exposure was the predominant metal pathway. An estimation of exposure history was determined using the model to predict steady state concentrations. Under constant exposure conditions (dissolved plus diet), steady state concentrations were reached in less than 30 days, an outcome largely influenced by rapid efflux (ke).
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Cui L, Li X, Luo Y, Gao X, Wang Y, Lv X, Zhang H, Lei K. A comprehensive review of the effects of salinity, dissolved organic carbon, pH, and temperature on copper biotoxicity: Implications for setting the copper marine water quality criteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169587. [PMID: 38154639 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing concern about the ecological hazards associated with copper, which has sparked increased interest in copper water quality criteria (WQC). The crucial factors affecting the bioavailability of copper in seawater are now acknowledged to be salinity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), pH, and temperature. Research on the influence of these four water quality parameters on copper toxicity is rapidly expanding. However, a comprehensive and clear understanding of the relevant mechanisms is currently lacking, hindering the development of a consistent international method to establish the seawater WQC value for copper. As a response to this knowledge gap, this study presents a comprehensive summary with two key focuses: (1) It meticulously analyzes the effects of salinity, DOC, pH, and temperature on copper toxicity to marine organisms. It takes into account the adaptability of different species to salinity, pH and temperature. (2) Additionally, the study delves into the impact of these four water parameters on the acute toxicity values of copper on marine organisms while also reviewing the methods used in establishing the marine WQC value of copper. The study proposed a two-step process: initially zoning based on the difference of salinity and DOC, followed by the establishment of Cu WQC values for different zones during various seasons, considering the impacts of water quality parameters on copper toxicity. By providing fundamental scientific insights, this research not only enhances our understanding and predictive capabilities concerning water quality parameter-dependent Cu toxicity in marine organisms but also contributes to the development of copper seawater WQC values. Ultimately, this valuable information facilitates more informed decision-making in marine water quality management efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cui
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Ningbo Research Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Ningbo 315012, China
| | - Xiangyun Gao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xubo Lv
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Kun Lei
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Price GAV, Stauber JL, Jolley DF, Koppel DJ, Van Genderen EJ, Ryan AC, Holland A. Development and Validation of Multiple Linear Regression Models for Predicting Chronic Zinc Toxicity to Freshwater Microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2630-2641. [PMID: 37728174 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiple linear regression (MLR) models were developed for predicting chronic zinc toxicity to a freshwater microalga, Chlorella sp., using three toxicity-modifying factors (TMFs): pH, hardness, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The interactive effects between pH and hardness and between pH and DOC were also included. Models were developed at three different effect concentration (EC) levels: EC10, EC20, and EC50. Models were independently validated using six different zinc-spiked Australian natural waters with a range of water chemistries. Stepwise regression found hardness to be an influential TMF in model scenarios and was retained in all final models, while pH, DOC, and interactive terms had variable influence and were only retained in some models. Autovalidation and residual analysis of all models indicated that models generally predicted toxicity and that there was little bias based on individual TMFs. The MLR models, at all effect levels, performed poorly when predicting toxicity in the zinc-spiked natural waters during independent validation, with models consistently overpredicting toxicity. This overprediction may be from another unaccounted for TMF that may be present across all natural waters. Alternatively, this consistent overprediction questions the underlying assumption that models developed from synthetic laboratory test waters can be directly applied to natural water samples. Further research into the suitability of applying synthetic laboratory water-based models to a greater range of natural waters is needed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2630-2641. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwilym A V Price
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney Broadway, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jenny L Stauber
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Environment and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine & Environment, Albury/Wodonga Campus, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- Environment, Community and Sustainability, Wollongong Resources, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darren J Koppel
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Adam C Ryan
- International Zinc Association, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aleicia Holland
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Environment and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine & Environment, Albury/Wodonga Campus, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Mebane CA. Bioavailability and Toxicity Models of Copper to Freshwater Life: The State of Regulatory Science. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2529-2563. [PMID: 37818880 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to incorporate bioavailability adjustments into regulatory water quality criteria in the United States have included four major procedures: hardness-based single-linear regression equations, water-effect ratios (WERs), biotic ligand models (BLMs), and multiple-linear regression models (MLRs) that use dissolved organic carbon, hardness, and pH. The performance of each with copper (Cu) is evaluated, emphasizing the relative performance of hardness-based versus MLR-based criteria equations. The WER approach was shown to be inherently highly biased. The hardness-based model is in widest use, and the MLR approach is the US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) present recommended approach for developing aquatic life criteria for metals. The performance of criteria versions was evaluated with numerous toxicity datasets that were independent of those used to develop the MLR models, including olfactory and behavioral toxicity, and field and ecosystem studies. Within the range of water conditions used to develop the Cu MLR criteria equations, the MLR performed well in terms of predicting toxicity and protecting sensitive species and ecosystems. In soft waters, the MLR outperformed both the BLM and hardness models. In atypical waters with pH <5.5 or >9, neither the MLR nor BLM predictions were reliable, suggesting that site-specific testing would be needed to determine reliable Cu criteria for such settings. The hardness-based criteria performed poorly with all toxicity datasets, showing no or weak ability to predict observed toxicity. In natural waters, MLR and BLM criteria versions were strongly correlated. In contrast, the hardness-criteria version was often out of phase with the MLR and, depending on waterbody and season, could be either strongly overprotective or underprotective. The MLR-based USEPA-style chronic criterion appears to be more generally protective of ecosystems than other models. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2529-2563. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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13
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Porter DE, Morris JM, Trifari MP, Wooller MJ, Westley PAH, Gorman KB, Barst BD. Acute Toxicity of Copper to Three Species of Pacific Salmon Fry in Water with Low Hardness and Low Dissolved Organic Carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2440-2452. [PMID: 37493065 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Proposed development of a mine within Alaska's Bristol Bay watershed (USA) has raised concerns about the potential impact of copper (Cu) on Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). We conducted 96-h flow-through bioassays using low-hardness and low dissolved organic carbon water to determine the acute lethal toxicity of Cu to sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka), Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fry. We aimed to determine Cu toxicity under field-relevant water quality conditions and to assess three methods of calculating ambient Cu criteria: the biotic ligand model (BLM), a multiple linear regression model endorsed by the US Environmental Protection Agency, and the hardness-based model currently used by the State of Alaska. The criteria generated by all models were below 20% lethal Cu concentrations by factors ranging from 2.2 to 54.3, indicating that all criteria would be protective against mortality. The multiple linear regression-based criteria were the most conservative and were comparable to BLM-based criteria. The median lethal concentrations (LC50s) for sockeye, Chinook, and coho were 35.2, 23.9, and 6.3 µg Cu/L, respectively. We also used the BLM to predict LC50s for each species. Model predictions differed from empirical LC50s by factors of 0.7 for sockeye and Chinook salmon, and 1.1 for coho salmon. These differences fell within the acceptable range of ±2, indicating the model's accuracy. We calculated critical lethal Cu accumulation values for each species to account for differing water chemistry in each bioassay; the present study revealed that coho salmon were most sensitive to Cu, followed by sockeye and Chinook salmon. Our findings underscore the importance of considering site- and species-specific factors when modeling Cu toxicity. The empirical data we present may enhance Cu risk assessments for Pacific salmon. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2440-2452. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew E Porter
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
- Water and Environment Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | | | - Michelle P Trifari
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
- Water and Environment Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Matthew J Wooller
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
- Water and Environment Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
- Alaska Stable Isotope Facility, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Peter A H Westley
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Kristen B Gorman
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Benjamin D Barst
- Water and Environment Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
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14
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Wilson I, Peters A, Merrington G, Baken S. Following the evidence and using the appropriate regulatory tools: A European-wide risk assessment of copper in freshwaters. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:1570-1580. [PMID: 36951179 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ecological risks of copper (Cu) in freshwaters have been the focus of regulatory assessments for several decades. Recently, it has been suggested by the European Commission that Cu represents a continent-wide risk to freshwaters. We assessed to what extent this suggestion is supported by the available evidence if Cu bioavailability is considered in the assessment of risk. We used several evidence-driven metrics to assess the continental-wide risks of Cu to European freshwaters. Such an approach is recommended and readily applicable where comprehensive data sets are available. We confirmed the validity of a bioavailability-based Environmental Quality Standard of 1 µg L-1 for Cu and used this to characterize the risks of Cu in 286 185 regulatory monitoring samples from 17 307 sites across 19 European countries between 2006 and 2021. These data show that risks, based on site averages and accounting for bioavailability, were identified in only two countries (Spain and Portugal). Investigation of these risks showed them to be highly localized to a single region in Spain and not reflective of the country-wide risks for either country. The 95th percentile of all the risk quotients for the continent-wide data set is 0.35. The relatively low levels of risk associated with Cu are supported by long-term trend data from sites on two large European rivers (Rhine and Meuse), where highly significant (p < 0.001) decreases in Cu concentrations over the last 40 years can be observed. We conclude that it is critical to consider metal bioavailability in both effects and exposures in assessments of potential risk to ensure ecological relevance. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1570-1580. © 2023 WCA Environment Ltd. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stijn Baken
- International Copper Association, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Chen HY, Tian YX, Cai YX, Liu QY, Ma J, Wei Y, Yang AF. A 50-year systemic review of bioavailability application in Soil environmental criteria and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122272. [PMID: 37506806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Bioavailability has become a critical factor in improving ecological risk assessment and environmental remediation efficiency in contaminated soil research. However, the soil environmental quality standards and risk assessment procedures used in most countries are still based on the total amount of pollutants for lacking sufficient understanding of the exposure pathways and action mechanisms of pollutants. we collected relevant literature from the Web of Science database, spanning the period from 1950 to 2021 by using Citespace to analyze the scientific development of bioavailability. As of January 09, 2022, the database contained 118,813 publications on bioavailability. The review summarizes the progress in bioavailability research and emerging trends, including exploring advanced analytical techniques, advancing modeling approaches, and integrating interdisciplinary approaches to better understand the fate and behavior of pollutants in complex environmental matrices. In particular, the review emphasizes the need for better integration of bioavailability concepts into soil environmental reference, risk assessment procedures, and environmental remediation strategies. Overall, this review emphasized the necessity of incorporating the concept of bioavailability into soil environmental reference, risk assessment procedures, and environmental remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Y X Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Y X Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Q Y Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - J Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Y Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - A F Yang
- Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Haikou, 570100, China.
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16
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Ccanccapa-Cartagena A, Chavez-Gonzales FD, Paredes B, Vera C, Gutierrez G, Valencia R, Lucia Paz Alcázar A, Zyaykina NN, Filley TR, Jafvert CT. Seasonal differences in trace metal concentrations in the major rivers of the hyper-arid southwestern Andes basins of Peru. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118493. [PMID: 37494872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The southern rivers of Peru originate in the Andes Mountains and flow in a southwestern direction to the Pacific Ocean through one of the most hyper-arid regions of the world. During each sub-equatorial summer from December to February, rains and snow melt in the Andes increase the streamflow in these rivers, even as they pass through the 100 km arid zone to the ocean. This study quantified seasonal dynamics of 34 trace metal elements (TM) and other constituent concentrations in four southern river basins of Peru (Chili-Quilca, Tambo, Camana-Majes-Colca, and Ocoña) during 2019-2020. Consistent with previous studies, we observed that: (1) the river water in the southern basins had relatively high concentrations of B, As, Fe, Al, Mn, P, Pb and Ni, with As the most ubiquitous toxic TM in all the basins, often detected at concentrations surpassing Peruvian and USEPA regulated concentrations; and (2) basins with the most to least toxic TM contamination were the Tambo > Chili-Quilca > Camana-Majes-Colca > Ocoña. Seasonal streamflow strongly influenced the concentrations of twenty TM, with 15 TM (Al, Au, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Gd, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, Ti, Yb and Zr) consistently higher in the wet season, and with As, B, Ge, Li, and Pd higher in the dry season. Our results improve the understanding of seasonal variability and vulnerability in western Andes superficial water sources, which are highly influenced by both local geogenic and anthropogenic conditions. A Spanish translation of this paper is available in the online Supplementary Material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ccanccapa-Cartagena
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907 IN, USA; Escuela Profesional de Antropología, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Av. Venezuela S/N, 04000, Arequipa, Peru.
| | - Francisco D Chavez-Gonzales
- Departamento de Química, Independencia Av. S/N, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, 04000, Peru; Autoridad Nacional del Agua del Peru, AAA Caplina-Ocoña, Arequipa, 04000, Peru
| | - Betty Paredes
- Departamento de Química, Independencia Av. S/N, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, 04000, Peru
| | - Corina Vera
- Departamento de Química, Independencia Av. S/N, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, 04000, Peru
| | - Guillermo Gutierrez
- Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú, Dirección Zonal 6, Arequipa, 04000, Peru
| | - Roland Valencia
- Autoridad Nacional del Agua del Peru, AAA Caplina-Ocoña, Arequipa, 04000, Peru
| | | | - Nadezhda N Zyaykina
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907 IN, USA; Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907 IN, USA
| | - Timothy R Filley
- Department of Earth & Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907 IN, USA
| | - Chad T Jafvert
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907 IN, USA; Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907 IN, USA
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17
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Zhang Q, Demeestere K, De Schamphelaere KAC. Water brownness regulates the bioavailability of a fluoroquinolone antibiotic: UV-absorbance as a predictor of ciprofloxacin ecotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122209. [PMID: 37454719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a powerful regulator of the ecotoxicity of ciprofloxacin (CIP), a widely applied fluoroquinolone antibiotic. In this study, we investigated the impact of DOC from a variety of sources on CIP bioavailability, using a cyanobacteria growth inhibition test with Microcystis aeruginosa. We analyzed the impact from two perspectives: (1) DOC concentration, and (2) water brownness, defined in this work as the light absorbance of DOC solutions. The toxicity tests were conducted with (1) unprocessed freshwater DOC in the naturally occurring state, (2) DOC extracted from a freshwater stream (Schwarzbach stream, Küchelscheid, Belgium), and (3) the commercial DOC product Suwannee River organic matter. Across all DOC sources investigated, a strong negative correlation was observed between CIP ecotoxicity and light absorbance at four wavelengths across the ultraviolet-visible range (e.g., A350), whereas CIP ecotoxicity correlated poorly with the DOC concentration. In addition, the interactions between CIP and DOC were modelled as a CIP-DOC binding process to allow the quantification of the inhibitory effects of DOC on CIP toxicity via binding constants (Kd,CIPx, with x being the ionic charge + or +/-, L g-1). Processed DOC sources showed higher binding potency than most of the unprocessed DOC sources, suggesting that toxicity tests employing only processed DOC potentially overestimates the impact of DOC in natural environments. Nonetheless, the light absorption coefficient (i.e., ε350) appeared a reliable predictor of the Kd,CIP+/- (and thus of the potential of the DOC source to reduce ecotoxicity of CIP) of both processed and unprocessed DOC. The relationship can be further incorporated into model simulations to estimate CIP bioavailability in dynamic environments. It is concluded that the brownness of water is a better predictor of the impact of DOC on CIP bioavailability than the DOC concentration itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyun Zhang
- GhEnToxLab, Department of Animal Science and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Research Group EnVOC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Masjedi MR, Arfaeinia H, Dobaradaran S, Keshtkar M, Soleimani F, Novotny TE, Torkshavand Z. Post-consumption waterpipe tobacco waste as an unrecognized source of toxic metal(loid)s leachates into aquatic environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163207. [PMID: 37011674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Waterpipe is a common form of tobacco smoking, and recently, its use has been increasing globally. Therefore, concern arises regarding the large quantity of post-consumption waterpipe tobacco waste produced and released into the environment and which can contain high levels of dangerous pollutants such as toxic meta(loid)s. This study reports the concentrations of meta(loid)s in waste from fruit-flavoured and traditional tobacco smoking as well as the release rate of these pollutants from waterpipe tobacco waste into three types of water. These include distilled water, tap water, and seawater and contact times ranging from 15 min to 70 days. The mean concentration levels of Ʃmetal(loid)s in waste samples of Al-mahmoud, Al-Fakher, Mazaya, Al-Ayan brands and traditional tobacco brands were 212 ± 92.8, 198 ± 94.4, 197 ± 75.7, 214 ± 85.8 and 40.6 ± 16.1 μg/g, respectively. The concentration levels of Ʃmetal(loid)s in fruit-flavoured tobacco samples were significantly higher than for traditional tobacco samples (p < 0.05). It was found that waterpipe tobacco wastes leached toxic metal(loid)s into different water samples with similar trends. In addition distribution coefficients showed that most metal(loid)s are highly likely to enter the liquid phase. The concentration levels of these pollutants (except Ni and As) in deionized water and tap water exceeded the surface fresh water standards for sustaining aquatic life during long contact time (up to 70 days). In seawater, concentration levels of Cu and Zn exceeded the recommended standards for maintaining aquatic life in the sea. Therefore, due to the possibility of contamination by soluble metal(loid)s through disposal of waterpipe tobacco waste in wastewater, there is concern that these toxic chemicals might enter the human food chain. Appropriate regulatory measures for disposal of waterpipe tobacco waste are necessary to prevent environmental pollution due to discarded wastes into aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Masjedi
- Tobacco Control Research Center (TCRC), Iranian Anti-Tobacco Association, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Arfaeinia
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universit¨atsstr. 5, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, Essen 45141, Germany.
| | - Mozhgan Keshtkar
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Farshid Soleimani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Thomas E Novotny
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Zahra Torkshavand
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Dos Santos ÍGS, Lira AS, da Silva Montes C, Point D, Médieu A, do Nascimento CWA, Lucena-Frédou F, da Rocha RM. Revealing the environmental pollution of two estuaries through histopathological biomarkers in five fishes from different trophic guilds of northeastern Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115095. [PMID: 37295256 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries in Brazil are mostly anthropically affected due to the discharge of industrial and domestic effluents. In two of them, the Santa Cruz Channel Estuary (ITAP) and Sirinhaém River Estuary (SIR), historically affected by mercury pollution and sugarcane industry in Northeast Brazil, we assessed environmental pollution using liver and gill histopathological biomarkers in fish from different trophic levels. Liver samples exhibited serious damages such as hepatic steatosis, necrosis, and infiltration. The gills showed moderate to severe changes, such as lifting of epithelial cells, lamellar aneurysm, and rupture of lamellar epithelium. Most of the changes in the liver and gills were reported for species Centropomus undecimalis and the Gobionellus stomatus, which were considered as good sentinels of pollution. The combination of biomarker methodologies was efficient in diagnosing the serious damage to the species, reinforcing the need for monitoring the health of the ecosystems evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ítala Gabriela Sobral Dos Santos
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Alex Souza Lira
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Cidade Univ. Prof. José Aloísio de Campos Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jd. Rosa Elze São Cristóvão/SE, CEP 49100-000, Brazil.
| | | | - David Point
- Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, UMR CNRS 5563/IRD 234/Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Anaïs Médieu
- Universite de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (Ifremer), LEMAR, Plouzane F-29280, France.
| | | | - Flávia Lucena-Frédou
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rossineide Martins da Rocha
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure and Immunohistochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Correa n° 01, Guamá, CEP 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil
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20
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Hameed R, Li G, Son Y, Fang H, Kim T, Zhu C, Feng Y, Zhang L, Abbas A, Zhao X, Wang J, Li J, Dai Z, Du D. Structural characteristics of dissolved black carbon and its interactions with organic and inorganic contaminants: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162210. [PMID: 36791863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) is a sustainable and renewable carbonaceous material, and its soluble component, dissolved black carbon (DBC), is the key to understanding BC's geological and environmental processes. Although the relationship between the changes in DBC structure and its properties, functions, and associated environmental risks has been explored, a gap remains in our understanding of DBC's fate and behavior in the natural environment. Thus, in this review, we have highlighted the molecular and chemical compositions and the structural evolution of DBC during pyrolysis, the influence of DBC's physicochemical properties on its fate and transport, DBC's interaction with soil and its contaminants, and DBC stability in soil and water environments along with potential risks. Based on our in-depth assessment of DBC and its biogeochemical roles, we believe that future studies should focus on the following: (1) using advanced techniques to understand the chemical and molecular structure of DBC deeply and concisely and, thus, determine its fundamental role in the natural environment; (2) investigating the multi-functional properties of DBC and its interaction mechanisms; and (3) evaluating the environmental behaviors of and risks associated with DBC after BC application. In future, it is necessary to gain a deeper insight into the fate and transport of DBC with contaminants and study its associated risks under BC application in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashida Hameed
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guanlin Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yowhan Son
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Huajun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Taewan Kim
- Institute of Ecological Phytochemistry, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaodong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanfang Feng
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Adeel Abbas
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiaqian Wang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhicong Dai
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Daolin Du
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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21
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Bawa-Allah KA. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in Nigerian surface freshwaters and sediment: A meta-analysis using ecological and human health risk indices. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2023; 256:104199. [PMID: 37172534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in surface freshwaters is prevalent globally and is an environmental issue of concern. Many studies have described sources, concentrations in selected waterbodies and toxic effects in biological systems. The purpose of the present study was to assess the status of heavy metal pollution in Nigerian surface freshwaters as well as the ecological and public health risks associated with current levels of pollution. A literature review of studies which assessed concentrations of heavy metals in named freshwater bodies around the country was done to gather relevant data. These waterbodies included rivers, lagoons, and creeks. The data gathered was subjected to a meta-analysis using referenced heavy metal pollution indices, sediment quality guidelines, ecological risk indices and non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic human health risk indices. The result obtained showed that concentrations of Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni and Pb in Nigerian surface freshwaters are higher than the maximum recommended levels in drinking water. The heavy metal pollution indices calculated using drinking water quality criteria by the World Health Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency, were also significantly higher than the threshold value of 100 (13,672.74 and 1890.65 respectively). These results indicate that the surface waters are unsafe for drinking purposes. The enrichment factor, contamination factor and ecological risk factor indices for cadmium (684.62, 41.73 and 1251.90 respectively) were all higher than the maximum threshold for each index (40, 6, 320 respectively). These results indicate that cadmium contributes significantly to the ecological risk associated with pollution in Nigerian surface waters. In terms of public health risk, the current levels of heavy metal pollution in Nigerian surface waters pose both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to children and adults who are exposed through ingestion and dermal routes as shown by results from the present study. Nigeria is blessed with abundant surface freshwater resources and many coastal indigenous populations use the water resources for drinking and domestic purposes. Many of them are also commercial fish farmers earning their daily living from fisheries resources. Heavy metal pollution must be regulated to levels below which end users and aquatic life are protected from adverse impacts of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kafilat A Bawa-Allah
- Ecotoxicology and Conservation Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
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22
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Liao W, Zhu Z, Feng C, Yan Z, Hong Y, Liu D, Jin X. Toxicity mechanisms and bioavailability of copper to fish based on an adverse outcome pathway analysis. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 127:495-507. [PMID: 36522080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) exists in a variety of forms in different aquatic environments, and affects their bioavailability. In this study we provide a systematic review on toxicity of Cu which focuses on identifying evidence in the mechanisms of Cu toxicity, and apply an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) analysis to identify multiple potential mechanisms and their interactions of Cu toxicity to fish. This analysis process included the mechanisms of behavior toxicant, oxidative toxicant, ion regulation disruption toxicity, as well as endocrine disruption toxicity. It was found that at low levels of Cu exposure, swimming, avoid predators, locating prey and other sensory functions will be impaired, and the organism will suffer from metabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis following the inhibition of the carbonic anhydrase active. The main pathway of acute toxicity of Cu to fish is the inhibition of the Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme, and lead to reduced intracellular sodium absorption, as well as Cu-induced increased cell permeability, in turn resulting in increased sodium ion loss, leading to cardiovascular collapse and respiratory insufficiency. The endocrine disruption toxicity of Cu to fish caused growth inhibition and reproductive reduction. In addition, there are several key pathways of Cu toxicity that are affected by hardness (e.g., Ca2+) and intracellular DOC concentrations, including inhibiting Cu-induction, improving branchial gas exchange, altering membrane transport functions, decreasing Na+ loss, and increasing Na+ uptake. The results of the AOP analysis will provide a robust framework for future directed research on the mechanisms of Cu toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Wetland Research Center, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330032, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Jiangxi Irrigation Experiment Central Station, Nanchang 330201, China
| | - Ziwei Zhu
- Wetland Research Center, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330032, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Zhenfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yajun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Daqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China.
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23
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da Silva Montes C, Fernandes da Paixão L, Nunes B, Pimentel Nunes ZM, Pantoja Ferreira MA, Martins da Rocha R. Investigating spatial-temporal contamination for two environments of the Amazon estuary: A multivariate approach. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 185:105883. [PMID: 36709654 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An assessment of environmental quality in Amazonian estuaries utilizing histological and immunohistochemical biomarkers concomitantly with analyses of trace metals in the tissues of Sciades herzbergii, also considering physical chemical analyzes of the water. 352 animals were captured from two sites and during two periods (dry and rainy). Site 1: São Marcos Bay - heavy anthropic influence and Site 2: Caeté estuary-preserved estuary. In the laboratory, the fish were weighed (g) and measured (cm). Fragments of gills and liver were analyzed using histology and immunohistochemistry (Caspase 3). The specimens from Site 1 presented a low-value condition factor, with the highest concentrations of Al, Cd, and Hg appearing in the muscle, and most severe damages to gills and liver. In contrast, individuals from Site 2 presented a high-value condition factor and showed low metal concentrations in the muscle with only slight tissue lesions. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that seasonal changes affect metal modulation and pathologies in fish at Site 1. The sentinel species chosen in this study is considered a strong bioindicator of pollution and the combination of different biomarkers was efficient in providing a clear view of the signs of exposure to pollutants, and the risks posed to fish health by the presence of metals in the environment, especially in Site 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline da Silva Montes
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure and Immunohistochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Science and Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Leonardo Fernandes da Paixão
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure and Immunohistochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Zélia Maria Pimentel Nunes
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro S/n Aldeia, Bragança, PA, 68600-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Auxiliadora Pantoja Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure and Immunohistochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Rossineide Martins da Rocha
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure and Immunohistochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
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24
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Price GAV, Stauber JL, Jolley DF, Koppel DJ, Van Genderen EJ, Ryan AC, Holland A. Natural organic matter source, concentration, and pH influences the toxicity of zinc to a freshwater microalga. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120797. [PMID: 36496066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a contaminant of concern in aquatic environments and is a known toxicant to many aquatic organisms. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a toxicity modifying factor for zinc and is an important water chemistry parameter. This study investigated the influence of DOM concentration, source, and water pH on the chronic toxicity of zinc to a freshwater microalga, Chlorella sp. The influence of DOM on zinc toxicity was dependent on both concentration and source. In the absence of DOM, the 72-h EC50 was 112 μg Zn.L-1. In the presence of a DOM high in fulvic-like components, zinc toxicity was either slightly decreased (<4-fold increase in EC10s across 15 mg C.L-1 range) or unchanged (minimal difference in EC50s). In the presence of a DOM high in humic-like (aromatic and high molecular weight) components, zinc toxicity was slightly decreased at the EC10 level and strongly increased at the EC50 level. The influence of pH on zinc toxicity was dependent on the source of DOM present in the water. In the presence of DOM high in humic-like components pH did not influence toxicity. In the presence of DOM high in fulvic-like components, pH had a significant effect on EC50 values. Labile zinc (measured by diffusive gradients in thin-films) followed linear relationships with dissolved zinc but could not explain the changes in observed toxicity, with similar DGT-labile zinc relationships shown for the two DOMs despite each DOM influencing toxicity differently. This indicates changes in toxicity may be unrelated to changes in zinc lability. The results suggest that increased toxicity of zinc in the presence of DOM may be due to direct uptake of Zn-DOM complexes. This study highlights the importance of considering DOM source and characteristics when incorporating DOM into water quality guidelines through bioavailability models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwilym A V Price
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia; CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jenny L Stauber
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia; La Trobe University, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine & Environment, Department of Environment and Genetics, Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, Albury/Wodonga Campus, Vic, Australia
| | | | - Darren J Koppel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Adam C Ryan
- International Zinc Association, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aleicia Holland
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia; La Trobe University, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine & Environment, Department of Environment and Genetics, Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, Albury/Wodonga Campus, Vic, Australia
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25
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Cao X, Yu ZX, Xie M, Pan K, Tan QG. Higher Risks of Copper Toxicity in Turbid Waters: Quantifying the Bioavailability of Particle-Bound Metals to Set Site-Specific Water Quality Criteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1060-1070. [PMID: 36595456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In coastal waters, particulate metals constitute a substantial fraction of the total metals; however, the prevalent water quality criteria are primarily based on dissolved metals, seemingly neglecting the contribution of particulate metals. Here we developed a method to quantify the toxicity risk of particulate metals, and proposed a way to calculate modifying factors (MFs) for setting site-specific criteria in turbid waters. Specifically, we used a side-by-side experimental design to study copper (Cu) bioaccumulation and toxicity in an estuarine clam, Potamocorbula laevis, under the exposure to "dissolved only" and "dissolved + particulate" 65Cu. A toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic model (TK-TD) was used to quantify the processes of Cu uptake, ingestion, assimilation, egestion, and elimination, and to relate mortality risk to tissue Cu. We find that particulate Cu contributes 40-67% of the Cu bioaccumulation when the suspended particulate matter (SPM) ranges from 12 to 229 mg L-1. The Cu-bearing SPM also increases the sensitivity of organisms to internalized Cu by decreasing the internal threshold concentration (CIT) from 141 to 76.8 μg g-1. MFs were derived based on the TK-TD model to consider the contribution of particulate Cu (in the studied SPM range) for increasing Cu bioaccumulation (MF = 1.3-2.2) and toxicity (MF = 2.3-3.9). Water quality criteria derived from dissolved metal exposure need to be lowered by dividing by an MF to provide adequate protection. Overall, the method we developed provides a scientifically sound framework to manage the risks of metals in turbid waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian361102, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Zhao-Xuan Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian361102, China
- Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900Sepang, Selangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Minwei Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian361102, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Qiao-Guo Tan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian361102, China
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26
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Barnhart B, Flinders C. A review of regulatory modeling frameworks supporting numeric water quality criteria development in the United States. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:191-201. [PMID: 35719109 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has a long history of leveraging environmental models and integrated modeling frameworks to support the regulatory development of numeric ambient water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic life and human health. Primary modeling types include conceptual, mechanistic, and data-driven empirical models; Bayesian and probabilistic models; and risk-based modeling frameworks. These models and modeling frameworks differ in their applicability to and suitability for various water quality criteria objectives. They require varying knowledge of system processes and stressor-response relationships, data availability, and expertise of stakeholders. In addition, models can be distinguished by their ability to characterize variability and uncertainty. In this work, we review USEPA recommendations for model use in existing regulatory frameworks, technical support documents, and peer-reviewed literature. We characterize key attributes, identify knowledge gaps and opportunities for future research, and highlight where renewed USEPA guidance is needed to promote the development and use of models in numeric criteria derivation. These outcomes then inform a decision-based framework for determining model suitability under particular scenarios of available knowledge, data, and access to technical resources. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:191-201. © 2022 SETAC.
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27
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Luo J, Huang Z, Li S, Zheng F, Liu F, Huang Q, Huang X, Xie H. Photodegradation Kinetics and Deep Learning-Based Intelligent Colorimetric Method for Bioavailability-Based Dissolved Iron Speciation. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14801-14809. [PMID: 36239120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Via the photodegradation of dissolved iron (dFe) complexes in the euphotic zone, released free Fe(III) is the most important source of bioavailable iron for eukaryotic phytoplankton. There is an urgent need to establish bioavailability-based dissolved iron speciation (BDIS) methods. Herein, an intelligent system with dFe pretreatment and a colorimetric sensor is developed for real-time monitoring of newly generated Fe(III) ions. According to the photodegradation kinetics of dFe, including kinetic constant and photogenerated time of free Fe(III) ions, 3 sources, 6 kinds, and 12 species of dFe are determined by our photocatalytic-assisted colorimetric sensor and deep learning model within 20.0 min. The algal dFe-uptake for 4 days can be predicted by BDIS with correlation coefficient 0.85, which could be explained by the hard and soft acids and bases theory (HSAB) and density functional theory (DFT). These results successfully demonstrate the proof-of-concept for photodegradation kinetics-based speciation and bioavailability assessments of dissolved metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Luo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environmental Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Zhaojing Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environmental Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Shunxing Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environmental Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China.,Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 3630003, China
| | - Fengying Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environmental Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China.,Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 3630003, China
| | - Fengjiao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environmental Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China.,Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 3630003, China
| | - Qianyan Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environmental Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Xuguang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environmental Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China.,Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 3630003, China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Company of Limited Liability, Hangzhou 310003, China
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28
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Bawa-Allah KA, Bulama H, Hamzat SA, Moiett DM. Predicting Metal Bioavailability and Risk of Toxicity in Nigerian Surface Waters: Are the Existing User-Friendly Bioavailability Tools Applicable? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2537-2547. [PMID: 35815470 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we assessed the use of existing user-friendly bioavailability tools to predict metal bioavailability and the risk of toxicity in a typical Nigerian surface water. The effect of prevailing water chemistry on toxicity of metals was also assessed in laboratory studies. Surface water samples were collected at four locations downstream in the Ogun River in Lagos State, and water chemistry analysis was carried out using standard methods. Relevant parameters were inputted into the Bio-Met software and Metal Bioavailability Assessment Tool (M-Bat), which are run on a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, to obtain the site-specific hazardous concentrations affecting 5% of the population (HC5)/predicted-no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for selected metals and risk characterization ratios (RCRs) at locations downstream in the river. Assessments using the bioavailability tools showed that two locations, Owode-Onirin and Kara, were more sensitive to Zn and Pb inputs compared to the other locations. The RCRs for Cu, Zn, and Pb, respectively, were >1 at all locations, indicating a potential risk of toxicity to aquatic life. Results from laboratory studies conformed with predictions from the bioavailability tools because Zn and Pb were more toxic to aquatic organisms in surface water collected from Owode-Onirin and Kara locations, respectively, compared to toxicity in surface water from other locations. The issue of bioavailability in metal pollution control is widely accepted and has been incorporated into water quality guidelines (WQGs) in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Europe. In the absence of regulations incorporating bioavailability in developing countries including Nigeria, it is essential to assess the applicability of existing methods incorporating bioavailability to surface waters in this region. Findings from such studies will facilitate the development of region-specific WQGs for metals which will be protective of locally relevant aquatic life. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2537-2547. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hauwa Bulama
- Ecotoxicology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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29
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Yanagihara M, Hiki K, Iwasaki Y. Can Chemical Toxicity in Saltwater Be Predicted from Toxicity in Freshwater? A Comprehensive Evaluation Using Species Sensitivity Distributions. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2021-2027. [PMID: 35502940 PMCID: PMC9542858 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) play an important role in ecological risk assessment. Estimating SSDs requires toxicity data for many species, but reports on saltwater species are often limited compared to freshwater species. This limitation can constrain informed management of saltwater quality for the protection of marine ecosystems. We investigated the relationships between the parameters (i.e., mean and standard deviation [SD]) of freshwater and saltwater log-normal SSDs to determine how accurately saltwater toxicity could be estimated from freshwater toxicity test data. We estimated freshwater and saltwater SSDs for 104 chemicals with reported acute toxicity data for five or more species and compared their means, SDs, and hazardous concentrations for 5% of the species (HC5) derived from the acute SSDs. Standard major axis regression analyses generally showed that log-log relationships between freshwater and saltwater SSD means, SDs, and HC5 values were nearly 1:1. In addition, the ratios of freshwater-to-saltwater SSD means and HC5 values for most of the 104 chemicals fell within the range 0.1-10. Although such a strong correlation was not observed for SSD SDs (r2 < 0.5), differences between freshwater and saltwater SSD SDs were relatively small. These results indicate that saltwater acute SSDs can be reasonably estimated using freshwater acute SSDs. Because the differences of the means and SDs between freshwater and saltwater SSDs were larger when the number of test species used for SSD estimation was lower (i.e., five to seven species in the present study), obtaining toxicity data for an adequate number of species will be key to better approximation of a saltwater acute SSD from a freshwater acute SSD for a given chemical. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2021-2027. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miina Yanagihara
- Center for Marine Environmental StudiesEhime UniversityMatsuyamaEhimeJapan
| | - Kyoshiro Hiki
- Health and Environmental Risk Research DivisionNational Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Yuichi Iwasaki
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and SustainabilityNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukubaIbarakiJapan
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30
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López YC, Ortega GA, Reguera E. Hazardous ions decontamination: From the element to the material. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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31
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Custodio M, Espinoza C, Orellana E, Chanamé F, Fow A, Peñaloza R. Assessment of toxic metal contamination, distribution and risk in the sediments from lagoons used for fish farming in the central region of Peru. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1603-1613. [PMID: 36561945 PMCID: PMC9764251 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxic metal contamination, distribution and risk were evaluated in the sediments of three lagoons used for fish farming in the central region of Peru. The distribution of toxic metals in the sediment was in the following descending order of Zn > V > Ni > Cu > Pb > As > Cr > Co > Cd > Sb. Contamination factor (Cf) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) values for Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, V and Zn indicated low contamination and for Cd moderate contamination. The pollution load index (PLI) ranged from 0.3856 to 0.5622; indicating no appreciable contamination and the modified degree of contamination (mCd) corroborated this result. The potential ecological risk (Ri) in the Tranca Grande and Pomacocha lagoons revealed a low potential ecological risk and in Tipicocha a moderate potential ecological risk. HI values < 1 indicated that non-carcinogenic adverse effects were negligible. In adults, the Total carcinogenic risk (TCR) values for As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb were less than 1.00E-04, indicating no significant carcinogenic risk. In children, TCR values showed similar behavior with the exception of As. Therefore, considering that fish production for domestic consumption and export is carried out in these lagoons, it is important to continue monitoring toxic metals to protect the health of these ecosystems and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Custodio
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Av. Mariscal Castilla No 3909-4089, Huancayo, Peru,Correspondence to: Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Av. Mariscal Castilla No 3909, Huancayo, Peru.
| | - Ciro Espinoza
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Av. Mariscal Castilla No 3909-4089, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Edith Orellana
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Av. Mariscal Castilla No 3909-4089, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Fernán Chanamé
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Av. Mariscal Castilla No 3909-4089, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Anthony Fow
- Universidad Nacional del Callao, Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental y de Recursos Naturales, Av. Juan Pablo II 306, Callao, Peru
| | - Richard Peñaloza
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Av. Mariscal Castilla No 3909-4089, Huancayo, Peru
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Kochoni E, Doose C, Gonzalez P, Fortin C. Role of iron in gene expression and in the modulation of copper uptake in a freshwater alga: Insights on Cu and Fe assimilation pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119311. [PMID: 35439593 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal uptake and toxicity can generally be related to its aqueous speciation and to the presence of competitive ions as described by the biotic ligand model. Beyond these simple chemical interactions at the surface of aquatic organisms, several internal biological feedback mechanisms can also modulate metal uptake. This is particularly important for essential elements for which specific transport systems were developed over the course of evolution. Based on the results of short-term Cu2+ uptake experiments and on the analysis of the expression of certain genes involved in Cu and Fe homeostasis, we studied the effects of Fe3+ on Cu2+ uptake by the freshwater green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We observed a significant increase in Cu2+ uptake rate in algal cells acclimated to a low Fe3+ medium up to 4.7 times greater compared to non-acclimated algal cells. The overexpression of the ferroxidase FOX1 and permease FTR1 genes suggests an activation of the high affinity Fe3+ assimilation system, which could constitute a plausible explanation for the increase in Cu2+ uptake rate in acclimatized algae. We show that Fe availability can have a significant impact on Cu uptake. Our observations reinforce the importance of considering physiological factors to better predict metal bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeric Kochoni
- EcotoQ, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Caroline Doose
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et des écosystèmes Aquatiques, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Station Marine Concarneau, 29900, Concarneau, France
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Claude Fortin
- EcotoQ, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.
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Sergeant CJ, Sexton EK, Moore JW, Westwood AR, Nagorski SA, Ebersole JL, Chambers DM, O'Neal SL, Malison RL, Hauer FR, Whited DC, Weitz J, Caldwell J, Capito M, Connor M, Frissell CA, Knox G, Lowery ED, Macnair R, Marlatt V, McIntyre JK, McPhee MV, Skuce N. Risks of mining to salmonid-bearing watersheds. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn0929. [PMID: 35776798 PMCID: PMC10883362 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn0929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mining provides resources for people but can pose risks to ecosystems that support cultural keystone species. Our synthesis reviews relevant aspects of mining operations, describes the ecology of salmonid-bearing watersheds in northwestern North America, and compiles the impacts of metal and coal extraction on salmonids and their habitat. We conservatively estimate that this region encompasses nearly 4000 past producing mines, with present-day operations ranging from small placer sites to massive open-pit projects that annually mine more than 118 million metric tons of earth. Despite impact assessments that are intended to evaluate risk and inform mitigation, mines continue to harm salmonid-bearing watersheds via pathways such as toxic contaminants, stream channel burial, and flow regime alteration. To better maintain watershed processes that benefit salmonids, we highlight key windows during the mining governance life cycle for science to guide policy by more accurately accounting for stressor complexity, cumulative effects, and future environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Sergeant
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK 99801, USA
| | - Erin K Sexton
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA
| | - Jonathan W Moore
- Earth2Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Alana R Westwood
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sonia A Nagorski
- Environmental Science Program, University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, AK 99801, USA
| | | | - David M Chambers
- Center for Science in Public Participation, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Sarah L O'Neal
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Rachel L Malison
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA
| | - F Richard Hauer
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA
| | - Diane C Whited
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA
| | - Jill Weitz
- Salmon Beyond Borders, Juneau, AK 99801, USA
| | - Jackie Caldwell
- Lands, Resources, and Fisheries, Taku River Tlingit First Nation, Atlin, BC V0W 1A0, Canada
| | | | - Mark Connor
- Lands, Resources, and Fisheries, Taku River Tlingit First Nation, Atlin, BC V0W 1A0, Canada
| | - Christopher A Frissell
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA
- Department of Hydrology, Salish Kootenai College, Pablo, MT 59855, USA
| | - Greg Knox
- SkeenaWild Conservation Trust, Terrace, BC V8G 1M9, Canada
| | - Erin D Lowery
- Environment, Land, and Licensing Business Unit, Seattle City Light, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | | | - Vicki Marlatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jenifer K McIntyre
- School of the Environment, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Puyallup, WA 98371, USA
| | - Megan V McPhee
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK 99801, USA
| | - Nikki Skuce
- Northern Confluence Initiative, Smithers, BC V0J 2N0, Canada
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Price GAV, Stauber JL, Holland A, Koppel DJ, Van Genderen EJ, Ryan AC, Jolley DF. The influence of hardness at varying pH on zinc toxicity and lability to a freshwater microalga, Chlorella sp. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:783-793. [PMID: 35442258 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00063f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential element for aquatic organisms, however, activities such as mining and refining, as well as zinc's ubiquitous role in modern society can contribute to elevated environmental concentrations of zinc. Water hardness is widely accepted as an important toxicity modifying factor for metals in aquatic systems, though other factors such as pH are also important. This study investigated the influence of increasing water hardness, at three different pH values (6.7, 7.6 and 8.3), on the chronic toxicity of zinc to the growth rate of a microalgae, Chlorella sp. Zinc toxicity decreased with increasing hardness from 5 to 93 mg CaCO3 L-1 at all three pH values tested. The 72 h growth rate inhibition EC50 values ranged from 6.2 μg Zn L-1 (at 5 mg CaCO3 L-1, pH 8.3) to 184 μg Zn L-1 (at 92 mg CaCO3 L-1, pH 6.7). Increases in hardness from 93 to 402 mg CaCO3 L-1 generally resulted in no significant (p > 0.05) reduction in zinc toxicity. DGT-labile zinc measurements did not correspond with the observed changes in zinc toxicity as hardness was varied within a pH treatment. This suggests that cationic competition from increased hardness is decreasing zinc toxicity, rather than changes in metal lability. This study highlighted that current hardness algorithms used in water quality guidelines may not be sufficiently protective of sensitive species, such as Chlorella sp., in high hardness waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwilym A V Price
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Jenny L Stauber
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
- La Trobe University, School of Life Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, Albury/Wodonga Campus, VIC, Australia
| | - Aleicia Holland
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
- La Trobe University, School of Life Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, Albury/Wodonga Campus, VIC, Australia
| | - Darren J Koppel
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
- Curtin University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Adam C Ryan
- International Zinc Association, Durham, NC, USA
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Kochoni E, Aharchaou I, Ohlund L, Rosabal M, Sleno L, Fortin C. New insights in copper handling strategies in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under low-iron condition. Metallomics 2022; 14:6582230. [PMID: 35524697 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a redox-active transition element critical to various metabolic processes. These functions are accomplished in tandem with Cu binding ligands, mainly proteins. The main goal of this work was to understand the mechanisms that govern the intracellular fate of Cu in the freshwater green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and more specifically to understand the mechanisms underlying Cu detoxification by algal cells in low-Fe conditions. We show that Cu accumulation was up to 51-fold greater for algae exposed to Cu in low-Fe medium as compared to the replete-Fe growth medium. Using the stable isotope 65Cu as a tracer, we studied the subcellular distribution of Cu within the various cell compartments of C. reinhardtii. These data were coupled with metallomic and proteomic approaches to identify potential Cu-binding ligands in the heat-stable protein and peptide fractions of the cytosol. Cu was mostly found in the organelles (78%), and in the heat-stable proteins and peptides (21%) fractions. The organelle fraction appeared to also be the main target compartment of Cu accumulation in Fe-depleted cells. As Fe levels in the medium were shown to influence Cu homeostasis, we found that C. reinhardtii can cope with this additional stress by utilizing different Cu-binding ligands. Indeed, in addition to expected Cu-binding ligands such as glutathione and phytochelatins, 25 proteins were detected that may also play a role in the Cu detoxification processes in C. reinhardtii. Our results shed new light on the coping mechanisms of C. reinhardtii when exposed to environmental conditions that induce high rates of Cu accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeric Kochoni
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.,EcotoQ, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Imad Aharchaou
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.,EcotoQ, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Leanne Ohlund
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 2101, rue Jeanne-Mance, Montréal, QC, H2×2J6, Canada
| | - Maikel Rosabal
- EcotoQ, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.,Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 141 Avenue du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC, H2×1Y4, Canada
| | - Lekha Sleno
- EcotoQ, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.,Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 2101, rue Jeanne-Mance, Montréal, QC, H2×2J6, Canada
| | - Claude Fortin
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.,EcotoQ, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
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Iwasaki Y, Cadmus P, Ranville J, Clements WH. Stream Mesocosm Experiments Show no Protective Effects of Calcium on Copper Toxicity to Macroinvertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1304-1310. [PMID: 35156224 PMCID: PMC9311704 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the concept and modeling of metal bioavailability and toxicity have been well developed based largely on laboratory experiments with standard test species, additional evidence is required to demonstrate their applicability for macroinvertebrates typically found in natural lotic ecosystems. We conducted 10-day stream mesocosm experiments to test the hypothesis that increased water hardness (in the present study, the calcium [Ca] concentration was increased by adding CaCl2 ) would mitigate the effects of copper (Cu) on natural benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Exposure of macroinvertebrate communities to 25 μg/L Cu for 10 days in stream mesocosm experiments resulted in significant decreases in total abundance, in number of taxa, and in abundance of many macroinvertebrate taxa. However, the addition of Ca to stream mesocosms and the associated increase in water hardness up to 250 mg/L CaCO3 did not mitigate these effects of Cu on macroinvertebrate communities. The results showed that the hardness-based water quality criteria for Cu of the US Environmental Protection Agency were not protective under the conditions of relatively high hardness, low alkalinity, and circumneutral pH. In contrast, the water quality criteria based on the biotic ligand model predicted little protective effects of Ca on Cu toxicity, which is consistent with our results. Additional experiments are required to understand the influence of modifying factors on the toxicity of metals to macroinvertebrate communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1304-1310. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Iwasaki
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation BiologyColorado State UniversityColoradoFort CollinsUSA
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and SustainabilityNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyIbarakiTsukubaJapan
| | - Pete Cadmus
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation BiologyColorado State UniversityColoradoFort CollinsUSA
- Colorado Parks and WildlifeColoradoFort CollinsUSA
| | - James Ranville
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry Colorado School of MinesColoradoGoldenUSA
| | - William H. Clements
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation BiologyColorado State UniversityColoradoFort CollinsUSA
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Balzani P, Kouba A, Tricarico E, Kourantidou M, Haubrock PJ. Metal accumulation in relation to size and body condition in an all-alien species community. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:25848-25857. [PMID: 34851482 PMCID: PMC8986740 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal pollution is one of the main environmental threats in freshwater ecosystems. Aquatic animals can accumulate these substances and transfer them across the food web, posing risks for both predators and humans. Accumulation patterns strongly vary depending on the location, species, and size (which in fish and crayfish is related to age) of individuals. Moreover, high metal concentrations can negatively affect animals' health. To assess the intraspecific relationship between metal accumulation and size and health (proxied by the body condition) of individuals, the concentration of 14 metals (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn) was analyzed in six alien species from the highly anthropogenically altered Arno River (Central Italy): five fish (Alburnus alburnus, Pseudorasbora parva, Lepomis gibbosus, Ictalurus punctatus, and Silurus glanis) and one crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). We found that in P. clarkii, Cu was negatively related to size, as well as Al in L. gibbosus and Mg for adult I. punctatus. Positive size-dependent relationships were found for Hg in L. gibbosus, Fe in S. glanis, and Cr in juvenile I. punctatus. Only Co and Mg in S. glanis were found to negatively correlate with individual health. Since metal concentrations in animal tissue depend on trade-offs between uptake and excretion, the few significant results suggest different types of trade-offs across different species and age classes. However, only predatory fish species (L. gibbosus, I. punctatus, and S. glanis) presented significant relationships, suggesting that feeding habits are one of the primary drivers of metal accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paride Balzani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Kouba
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Tricarico
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Melina Kourantidou
- Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 164 52, Athens, Greece
- Department of Sociology, Environmental and Business Economics, University of Southern Denmark, Degnevej 14, 6705, Esbjerg Ø, Denmark
| | - Phillip J Haubrock
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
- Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Clamecystrasse 12, 63571, Gelnhausen, Germany.
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Mano H, Shinohara N, Peters A, Garman E, Middleton E, Schlekat C, Naito W. Variation in chronic nickel toxicity to Daphnia magna among Japanese river waters and performance evaluation of bioavailability models in predicting the toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27664-27676. [PMID: 34984608 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) ecotoxicity is dictated by water chemistry characteristics such as pH, water hardness, and amount of dissolved organic carbon. Bioavailability models have been developed to predict Ni toxicity and validated for European, Australian, and US natural waters. In this study, chronic toxicity tests in Ni-spiked Japanese river waters were conducted on a strain of Daphnia magna to test whether the chronic toxicity differs among Japanese natural waters with different water chemistries. Based on the results of chronic Ni toxicity tests, we assessed the performance of existing D. magna bioavailability models, which were developed in artificial waters (Model 1) and calibrated in European natural waters (Model 2), in terms of the accuracy and the bias of model predictions. Furthermore, we also calibrated the two models by using toxicity test results to develop a bioavailability model for Ni chronic toxicity to the strain of D. magna in Japanese river waters. The 10%, 20%, and 50% effect concentrations (EC10, EC20, and EC50) of dissolved Ni on reproduction of the D. magna strain were within ranges from 8.1 to 44.9 μg/L, 9.0 to 57.1 μg/L, and 10.9 to 86.1 μg/L, respectively. Results indicate that differences in water chemistry among Japanese river waters influenced chronic Ni toxicity to the model organism. Model 1predicted 43% of the observed EC10, EC20, and EC50 values within a factor of 2 and 100%, 100%, and 43% within a factor of 3, respectively. Model 2 predicted 14%, 14%, and 29% of the observed EC10, EC20, and EC50 values within a factor of 2 and 43% within a factor of 3. The values of model bias based on the geometric mean of ratios of EC10, EC20 and EC50 values predicted by each of the two models and observed EC10, EC20, and EC50 values were 0.71, 0.65, and 0.62 for Model 1 and 0.27, 0.26, and 0.29 for Model 2, respectively. After calibrating two models using the results of toxicity tests, refined Model 1 predicted 71%, 57%, and 57% of observed EC10, EC20, and EC50 values within a factor of 2 and 100%, 86%, and 100% within a factor of 3; refined Model 2 predicted 71% of observed EC10, EC20, and EC50 values within a factor 2 and 100%, 86%, and 86% within a factor of 3, respectively. Our results indicate that calibrating the Ni bioavailability models in Japanese natural waters increased their predictive capacity by a factor of up to approximately five.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mano
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Naohide Shinohara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Wataru Naito
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan
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Sun T, Wang S, Ji C, Li F, Wu H. Microplastics aggravate the bioaccumulation and toxicity of coexisting contaminants in aquatic organisms: A synergistic health hazard. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127533. [PMID: 34879523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There are ongoing controversies regarding the effects of microplastics (MPs) on the bioaccumulation and toxicity of coexisting contaminants in aquatic organisms. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate this issue based on 870 endpoints from 40 publications. It was shown that the presence of MPs significantly increased the bioaccumulation of co-contaminants by 31%, with high statistical power and without obvious publication bias. The aggravated bioaccumulation was also revealed by the strongly positive correlation between bioconcentration factors in the presence and the absence of MPs. Furthermore, the subgroup/regression analyses indicated that the vector effect of MPs on other chemicals was affected by multiple factors and their interactions, such as particle size and exposure time. In addition, a relatively comprehensive biomarker profile was recompiled from included studies to assess the changes in toxicity caused by combined exposure. Results confirmed that the presence of MPs obviously exacerbated the toxicity of co-contaminants by 18%, manifested by the potentiated cytotoxicity, endocrine disruption, immunotoxicity and oxidative stress, implying a synergistic health hazard. Ultimately, the mismatches between laboratory and field conditions were discussed, and the recommendations for future research were offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shuang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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40
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Parker SP, Wilkes AE, Long GR, Goulding NWE, Ghosh RS. Development of Fluoride Protective Values for Aquatic Life Using Empirical Bioavailability Models. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:396-409. [PMID: 34813674 PMCID: PMC9303462 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The derivation of protective values for aquatic life can be enhanced by the development and use of bioavailability models. Recent advances to metals bioavailability modeling are applicable to other analyte groups and should be widely considered. We conducted a meta-analysis of the available aquatic toxicity literature for fluoride to evaluate the utility of hardness, alkalinity, and chloride as toxicity-modifying factors (TMFs) in empirical bioavailability models of freshwater taxa. The resulting optimal multiple linear regression model predicting acute fluoride toxicity to the invertebrate Hyalella azteca included all three TMFs (observed vs. predicted 50% lethal concentrations, R2 = 0.88) and the optimal model predicting toxicity to the fish Oncorhynchus mykiss included alkalinity and hardness (R2 = 0.37). At >20 mg/L chloride, the preliminary final acute values for fluoride were within 1 order of magnitude and ranged from approximately 18.1 to 56.3 mg/L, depending on water chemistry. Sensitivity of H. azteca to low-chloride conditions increased model uncertainty when chloride was <20 mg/L. Because of limited toxicity data, chronic bioavailability models were not developed, and final chronic values were derived using an acute-to-chronic ratio (ACR) approach. Accounting for TMFs, the geometric mean ACR was 5.4 for fish and invertebrate taxa (n = 6). The present assessment highlights the need to expand bioavailability modeling to include inorganic anions, particularly fluoride, and demonstrates that existing promulgated protective values for fluoride are likely overly conservative. More toxicological studies are recommended to further refine multivariate empirical bioavailability models for inorganic anions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:396-409. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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da Silva Montes C, Ferreira MAP, Giarrizzo T, Amado LL, Rocha RM. The legacy of artisanal gold mining and its impact on fish health from Tapajós Amazonian region: A multi-biomarker approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132263. [PMID: 34826937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tapajós Region, is an area with intense historical artisanal and small-scale gold mining. Therefore, the core objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental status of different rivers located in this region, using biomarker endpoints in Serrasalmus rhombeus as a tool. Fish and sediment were collected from two rivers, Tropas and Crepori, affluent of Tapajós River, located inside a Federal Protection Area and in a Reference site. Mercury concentration in sediment and fish were traced, and biomarkers in gills and liver were analyzed. Results showed a clear difference between these two rivers compared to the Reference site. Fish tissues presented biomarker responses according to the site of collection. Catalase (CAT) activity was statistically higher in fish gills from Crepori, confirming the capacity of mercury interference with redox equilibrium. High levels of lipid peroxidation were also noted to contribute greatly in incidence of morphological changes in the liver and gills, suggesting that mercury bioaccumulation during continuous exposure promote biological responses in a cumulative manner, from molecules to tissues. This study also indicates adaptation in fish defense mechanisms given the conditions in the Tropas River, as well as a variation in biomarker responses to that of the Crepori river. In summary, Tapajós affluents presented high mercury levels in fish tissues leading to biomarker responses, demonstrating a hazardous signal of a long history of mercury pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline da Silva Montes
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure and Immunohistochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Maria Auxiliadora Pantoja Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure and Immunohistochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Giarrizzo
- Laboratory of Fisheries Biology - Aquatic Resource Management, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Lílian Lund Amado
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Laboratory of Marine Environmental Monitoring Research (LAPMAR) Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rossineide Martins Rocha
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure and Immunohistochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
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42
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Demir T, Mutlu E, Aydın S, Gültepe N. Physicochemical water quality of Karabel, Çaltı, and Tohma brooks and blood biochemical parameters of Barbus plebejus fish: assessment of heavy metal concentrations for potential health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:755. [PMID: 34716518 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to comparatively examine the physical quality parameters of water samples taken from Karabel, Çaltı, and Tohma brooks in Sivas province and the blood biochemical parameters of blood samples of Barbus plebejus fish obtained from these waters. In periods when chemical pollution in water increased and decreased, it was determined that GLU and UA among blood biochemical parameters were significantly affected. Moreover, the potential risk levels of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and ferrous (Fe) for human health were compared to the international standards. Metal (Fe, Pb, Cu, and Cd) concentrations in the water were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The highest HQingestion values of Cd were found in Brook Çaltı, which were 0.0018 for adults and 0.1980 for children. THQ upper limit set by the United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA) is < 1. It was determined that HQingestion, HQdermal, and THQ values of all the heavy metals were much lower than this limit. It was concluded that water quality parameters of samples taken from Karabel, Çaltı, and Tohma brooks on monthly basis for 12 months were not higher than the limits and the water qualities of brooks were determined to be "good".
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Demir
- Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Ekrem Mutlu
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Seyit Aydın
- Vocational School Veterinary Department, Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nejdet Gültepe
- Fisheries Faculty, Department of Fisheries Fundamental Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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43
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Chen X, Liu H, Huang H, Liber K, Jiang T, Yang J. Cadmium bioaccumulation and distribution in the freshwater bivalve Anodonta woodiana exposed to environmentally relevant Cd levels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148289. [PMID: 34126494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anodonta woodiana is a globally distributed freshwater bivalve, which is a unique bioindicator in the "Freshwater Mussel Watch" project. Numerous countries have used A. woodiana for biomonitoring the aqueous cadmium (Cd) contamination. However, the bioaccumulation and distribution characteristics of environmentally relevant Cd concentrations in the bivalve were unknown. In this study, A. woodiana was exposed to aqueous Cd concentrations (1.1, 2.6, and 5.5 μg/L) for 30 days. The concentrations of Cd in the whole soft tissues were linearly and positively correlated with the aqueous Cd concentrations and exposure time (P < 0.05). Analysis of the organic bioaccumulation and distribution showed that Cd concentrations and proportions in the gills and mantle were linearly and positively correlated with aqueous Cd concentrations and with the Cd concentrations in the whole soft tissues (P < 0.05). Analyses of the subcellular fractions showed that Cd concentrations and proportions in the metal-rich granule (MRG) were linearly and positively correlated with aqueous Cd concentrations and with the Cd concentrations in the whole soft tissues (P < 0.05). This suggests that the gills and mantle could be the main target organs for Cd bioaccumulation, and that the MRG could be the major site for Cd bioaccumulation and distribution. These results improve our understanding of the bioaccumulation and distribution mechanisms of Cd in bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiubao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-Environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-Environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Honghui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Karsten Liber
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-Environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-Environment Assessment and Resource Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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Koppel DJ, Bishop J, Kopalová K, Price GAV, Brown KE, Adams MS, King CK, Jolley DF. Metal lability and environmental risk in anthropogenically disturbed Antarctic melt streams. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117627. [PMID: 34426394 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antarctic melt streams are important ecosystems that increasingly face contaminant pressures from anthropogenic sources. Metal contaminants are often reported in the limno-terrestrial environment but their speciation is not well characterised, making environmental risk assessments difficult. This paper characterises labile metal concentrations in five melt streams and three shallow lakes around the Casey and Wilkes research stations in East Antarctica using chemical extracts and field deployments of diffusive gradients in thin-film (DGT) samplers. An acute toxicity test with field-collected Ceratadon purpeus and taxonomic identification of diatoms in melt streams were used to infer environmental risk. Copper and zinc were the most labile metals in the melt streams. DGT-labile copper concentrations were up to 3 μg Cu L-1 in melt-stream waters but not labile below the sediment-water interface. DGT-labile zinc concentrations were consistent above and below the sediment-water interface at concentrations up to 14 μg Zn L-1 in four streams, but one stream showed evidence of zinc mineralisation in the sediment with a flux to overlying and pore waters attributed to the reductive dissolution of iron and manganese oxides. Other metals, such as chromium, nickel, and lead were acid-extractable from the sediments, but not labile in pore waters or overlying waters. All streams had unique compositions of freshwater diatoms, but one had particularly reduced diversity and richness, which correlated to metal contamination and sediment physico-chemical properties such as a finer particle size. In laboratory bioassays with field-collected samples of the Antarctic moss C. purpeus, there was no change in photosynthetic efficiency following 28-d exposure to 700, 900, 1060, or 530 μg L-1 of cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc, respectively. This study shows that microorganisms such as diatoms may be at greater risk from contaminants than mosses, and highlights the importance of geochemical factors controlling metal lability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren J Koppel
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jordan Bishop
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kopalová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gwilym A V Price
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn E Brown
- Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
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Price GAV, Stauber JL, Holland A, Koppel DJ, Van Genderen EJ, Ryan AC, Jolley DF. The Influence of pH on Zinc Lability and Toxicity to a Tropical Freshwater Microalga. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2836-2845. [PMID: 34297855 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increased focus on the development and application of bioavailability-based metal water quality guideline values requires increased understanding of the influence of water chemistry on metal bioavailability and toxicity. Development of empirical models, such as multiple linear regression models, requires the assessment of the influence of individual water quality parameters as toxicity-modifying factors. The present study investigated the effect of pH on the lability and toxicity of zinc (Zn) to a tropical green microalga (Chlorella sp.). Zinc speciation and lability were explored using the Windermere Humic Aqueous Model (WHAM7), ultrafiltration, and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT). Zinc toxicity increased significantly with increasing pH from 6.7 to 8.3, with 50% growth inhibition effect concentrations decreasing from 185 to 53 µg l-1 across the pH range. Linear relationships between DGT-labile Zn and dissolved Zn did not vary across the tested pH range, nor did the linear relationship between dissolved (<0.45 µm) and ultrafiltered (<3 kDa) Zn. Our findings show that Zn toxicity to this freshwater alga is altered as a function of pH across environmentally realistic pH ranges and that these toxicity changes could not be explained by Zn speciation and lability as measured by DGT and WHAM7. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2836-2845. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwilym A V Price
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jenny L Stauber
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aleicia Holland
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, La Trobe University, Albury/Wodonga Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darren J Koppel
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Adam C Ryan
- International Zinc Association, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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Flipkens G, Blust R, Town RM. Deriving Nickel (Ni(II)) and Chromium (Cr(III)) Based Environmentally Safe Olivine Guidelines for Coastal Enhanced Silicate Weathering. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:12362-12371. [PMID: 34464125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced silicate weathering (ESW) by spreading finely ground silicate rock along the coastal zone to remove atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is a proposed climate change mitigation technique. The abundant and fast-dissolving mineral olivine has received the most attention for this application. However, olivine contains nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr), which may pose a risk to marine biota during a gigaton-scale ESW application. Herein we derive a first guideline for coastal olivine dispersal based on existing marine environmental quality standards (EQS) for Ni and Cr. Results show that benthic biota are at the highest risk when olivine and its associated trace metals are mixed in the surface sediment. Specifically, depending on local sedimentary Ni concentrations, 0.059-1.4 kg of olivine m-2 of seabed could be supplied without posing risks for benthic biota. Accordingly, globally coastal ESW could safely sequester only 0.51-37 Gt of CO2 in the 21st century. On the basis of current EQS, we conclude that adverse environmental impacts from Ni and Cr release could reduce the applicability of olivine in coastal ESW. Our findings call for more in-depth studies on the potential toxicity of olivine toward benthic marine biota, especially in regard to bioavailability and metal mixture toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunter Flipkens
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Raewyn M Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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Barnhart B, Flinders C, Ragsdale R, Johnson G, Wiegand P. Deriving Human Health and Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria in the United States for Bioaccumulative Substances: A Historical Review and Future Perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2394-2405. [PMID: 34062012 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Methods used to derive water quality regulations for persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances (PBTs) in the United States have evolved substantially over the past 50 yr, leveraging current understandings and assumptions about the nature and magnitude of partitioning and accumulation of substances in water, sediments, and organisms. In the United States and across the world, environmental regulations continue to evolve into more refined water quality criteria protective of aquatic life and human health. The present review provides historical context on the establishment of aquatic life and human health water quality criteria in the United States by compiling information from regulatory agencies and peer-reviewed literature on methods used to characterize and quantify bioaccumulation of substances in aquatic organisms and humans. Primary data needs and assumptions for various methods, as well as their application in setting criteria by the US Environmental Protection Agency over the past half century, are highlighted. Our review offers an important retrospective on the data and methods used to derive water quality criteria for PBTs and provides commentary on the future of US criteria development. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2394-2405. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Barnhart
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Camille Flinders
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Anacortes, Washington, USA
| | - Renee Ragsdale
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Anacortes, Washington, USA
| | - Giffe Johnson
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Sarasota, Florida, USA
| | - Paul Wiegand
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Laderriere V, Le Faucheur S, Fortin C. Exploring the role of water chemistry on metal accumulation in biofilms from streams in mining areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:146986. [PMID: 33894602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms play a key role in aquatic ecosystems. They are ubiquitous, even in the most contaminated ecosystems, and have great potential as biomonitors of exposure to contaminants such as metals. Freshwater biofilms and surface waters were sampled in two active mining areas of Canada: in the northern part of Nunavik (Quebec) and in the Greater Sudbury area (Ontario). Significant linear relationships were found between both total dissolved and free metal ion concentrations with biofilm metal contents for Cu and Ni, but not for Cd. When pH was below 6, biofilms accumulated less metals than at higher pHs. These results confirm that protons have a protective effect, leading to lower internalized metal concentrations. When considering only the sites where pH was above 6, the linear relationships between metal concentrations in water and in biofilms were improved for all three studied metals. The presence of metal ions could also modify the internalization of a given metal. To further study the role of cations as competitors to Cu, Ni and Cd uptake, relationships between the ratio of biofilm metal contents (Cu, Ni and Cd) on the ambient free metal ion concentrations were built as a function of potential cation competitors, such as major cations and metals. Surprisingly, our data suggest that calcium plays a minor role in preventing metal accumulation as compared to magnesium and possibly other metals. At a global scale, metal accumulation remained highly consistent between the two studied regions and over the sampling period, despite differences in ambient physicochemical water characteristics, climate or types of ecosystems. Metal bioaccumulation is thus a promising biomarker to assess metal bioavailability in a mining context. Nevertheless, more data are still required to further highlight the contribution of each competitor in metal accumulation by biofilms and to be able to build a unifying predictive model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Laderriere
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, Canada
| | - Séverine Le Faucheur
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, e2s-UPPA, IPREM, 2 avenue Pierre Angot, Pau, France
| | - Claude Fortin
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, Canada.
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Ecological Risk Due to Heavy Metal Contamination in Sediment and Water of Natural Wetlands with Tourist Influence in the Central Region of Peru. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13162256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the quality of sediment and surface water in two natural wetlands, Paca and Tragadero, in the central region of Peru was evaluated using pollution indices, including the geoaccumulation index, pollutant load index, modified pollution degree, potential ecological risk index, and site rank index, for four heavy metals. Principal component analysis was used to identify potential metal contaminant sources. The determination of Fe, Zn, Pb, and As was performed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The average concentrations of metals in the sediments of both lagoons decreased in the order Fe > Zn > Pb > As. The analysis of the contamination indices determined that As and Pb are the elements that contribute the most to environmental degradation in both wetlands. There is a strong correlation between the values of potential ecological risk and the modified degree of contamination, revealing that the Paca wetland has a moderate degree of contamination and potential ecological risk, while Tragadero presents a high degree of contamination and considerable potential ecological risk. The application of the site rank index showed that more than 50% of the sampling sites have between high and severe contamination. The principal component analysis presented 79.2% of the total variance. Finally, the results of this study are essential in order to carry out preventive actions for environmental protection in these lake ecosystems of great importance for many activities, such as bird watching.
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Santore RC, Croteau K, Ryan AC, Schlekat C, Middleton E, Garman E, Hoang T. A Review of Water Quality Factors that Affect Nickel Bioavailability to Aquatic Organisms: Refinement of the Biotic Ligand Model for Nickel in Acute and Chronic Exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2121-2134. [PMID: 33945644 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A review of nickel (Ni) toxicity to aquatic organisms was conducted to determine the primary water quality factors that affect Ni toxicity and to provide information for the development and testing of a biotic ligand model (BLM) for Ni. Acute and chronic data for 66 aquatic species were compiled for the present review. The present review found that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and hardness act as toxicity-modifying factors (TMFs) because they reduced Ni toxicity to fish and aquatic invertebrates, and these effects were consistent in acute and chronic exposures. The effects of pH on Ni toxicity were inconsistent, and for most organisms there was either no effect of pH or, in some cases, a reduction in toxicity at low pH. There appears to be a unique pH effect on Ceriodaphnia dubia that results in increased toxicity at pHs above 8, but otherwise the effects of TMFs were consistent enough across all organisms and endpoints that a single set of parameters in the Ni BLM worked well with all acute and chronic toxicity data for fish, amphibians, aquatic invertebrates, and aquatic plants and algae. The unique effects of pH on C. dubia may be due to mixture toxicity involving both Ni and bicarbonate. The implications of this mixture effect on BLM modeling and a proposed set of BLM parameters for C. dubia are addressed in the review. Other than this exception, the Ni BLM with a single set of parameters could successfully predict toxicity to all acute and chronic data compiled in the present review. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2121-2134. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam C Ryan
- International Zinc Association, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tham Hoang
- School of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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