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Espinosa I, Alfonso-Sánchez MA, Gómez-Pérez L, Peña JA. Neolithic expansion and the 17q21.31 inversion in Iberia: an evolutionary approach to H2 haplotype distribution in the Near East and Europe. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:153-160. [PMID: 36355195 PMCID: PMC9816301 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The chromosomal region 17q21.31 harbors a 900 kb inversion polymorphism named after the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene. Since no recombination occurs, two haplotypes are recognized: a directly oriented variant (H1) and an inverted variant (H2). The H2 haplotype features a distribution pattern with high frequencies in the Near East and Europe, medium levels in South Asia and North Africa, and low levels elsewhere. Studies of this genomic region are relevant owing to its likely association with numerous neurodegenerative diseases. However, the causes underlying the geographic distribution of the haplotype frequencies remain a bone of contention among researchers. With this work, we have intended to outline a plausible hypothesis on the origin of the high European H2 frequencies. To that end, we have analyzed an extensive population database (including three new Iberian populations) to explore potential clinal variations of H2 frequencies. We found a sigmoidal frequency cline with an upward trend from South Asia to Europe. The maximum value was detected in the Basques from Gipuzkoa province (0.494) with the curve's inflection point in the Near East. From our results, we suggest that the most likely scenario for high H2 frequencies in Europe would be a founding event in the Near East during the late Paleolithic or early Neolithic. Subsequently, such H2 overrepresentation would have reached Europe with the arrival of the first Neolithic farmers. The current frequencies and geographic distribution of the 17q21.31 inversion suggest that the founding events mainly affected the H2D subhaplotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibone Espinosa
- Departamento de Genética, Antropología Física y Fisiología Animal, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apartado 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alfonso-Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética, Antropología Física y Fisiología Animal, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apartado 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis Gómez-Pérez
- Departamento de Genética, Antropología Física y Fisiología Animal, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apartado 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jose A Peña
- Departamento de Genética, Antropología Física y Fisiología Animal, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Apartado 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
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Linderholm A, Kılınç GM, Szczepanek A, Włodarczak P, Jarosz P, Belka Z, Dopieralska J, Werens K, Górski J, Mazurek M, Hozer M, Rybicka M, Ostrowski M, Bagińska J, Koman W, Rodríguez-Varela R, Storå J, Götherström A, Krzewińska M. Corded Ware cultural complexity uncovered using genomic and isotopic analysis from south-eastern Poland. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6885. [PMID: 32303690 PMCID: PMC7165176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
During the Final Eneolithic the Corded Ware Complex (CWC) emerges, chiefly identified by its specific burial rites. This complex spanned most of central Europe and exhibits demographic and cultural associations to the Yamnaya culture. To study the genetic structure and kin relations in CWC communities, we sequenced the genomes of 19 individuals located in the heartland of the CWC complex region, south-eastern Poland. Whole genome sequence and strontium isotope data allowed us to investigate genetic ancestry, admixture, kinship and mobility. The analysis showed a unique pattern, not detected in other parts of Poland; maternally the individuals are linked to earlier Neolithic lineages, whereas on the paternal side a Steppe ancestry is clearly visible. We identified three cases of kinship. Of these two were between individuals buried in double graves. Interestingly, we identified kinship between a local and a non-local individual thus discovering a novel, previously unknown burial custom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Linderholm
- The BiG lab (Bioarchaeology and Genomics Laboratory), Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
| | - Gülşah Merve Kılınç
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anita Szczepanek
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Włodarczak
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - Paweł Jarosz
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - Zdzislaw Belka
- Isotope Laboratory, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Werens
- School of Archaeology 34-36 Beaumont Street, Oxford, OX1 2PG, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek Górski
- Department of History and Cultural Heritage, University of Pope Jan Paweł II, Cracow, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wiesław Koman
- Provincial Office for the Protection of Cultural Heritage, Zamość, Poland
| | | | - Jan Storå
- Osteoarchaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Schmidt I, Zimmermann A. Population dynamics and socio-spatial organization of the Aurignacian: Scalable quantitative demographic data for western and central Europe. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211562. [PMID: 30759115 PMCID: PMC6373918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Demographic estimates are presented for the Aurignacian techno-complex (~42,000 to 33,000 y calBP) and discussed in the context of socio-spatial organization of hunter-gatherer populations. Results of the analytical approach applied estimate a mean of 1,500 persons (upper limit: 3,300; lower limit: 800) for western and central Europe. The temporal and spatial analysis indicates an increase of the population during the Aurignacian as well as marked regional differences in population size and density. Demographic increase and patterns of socio-spatial organization continue during the subsequent early Gravettian period. We introduce the concept of Core Areas and Extended Areas as informed analytical spatial scales, which are evaluated against additional chronological and archaeological data. Lithic raw material transport and personal ornaments serve as correlates for human mobility and connectedness in the interpretative framework of this study. Observed regional differences are set in relation with the new demographic data. Our large-scale approach on Aurignacian population dynamics in Europe suggests that past socio-spatial organization followed socially inherent rules to establish and maintain a functioning social network of extremely low population densities. The data suggest that the network was fully established across Europe during the early phase of the Gravettian, when demographic as well as cultural developments peaked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Schmidt
- Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, CRC806, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Andreas Zimmermann
- Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, CRC806, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Fischer CE, Lefort A, Pemonge MH, Couture-Veschambre C, Rottier S, Deguilloux MF. The multiple maternal legacy of the Late Iron Age group of Urville-Nacqueville (France, Normandy) documents a long-standing genetic contact zone in northwestern France. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207459. [PMID: 30521562 PMCID: PMC6283558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The compilation of archaeological and genetic data for ancient European human groups has provided persuasive evidence for a complex series of migrations, population replacements and admixture until the Bronze Age. If the Bronze-to-Iron Age transition has been well documented archaeologically, ancient DNA (aDNA) remains rare for the latter period and does not precisely reflect the genetic diversity of European Celtic groups. In order to document the evolution of European communities, we analysed 45 individuals from the Late Iron Age (La Tène) Urville-Nacqueville necropolis in northwestern France, a region recognized as a major cultural contact zone between groups from both sides of the Channel. The characterization of 37 HVS-I mitochondrial sequences and 40 haplogroups provided the largest maternal gene pool yet recovered for the European Iron Age. First, descriptive analyses allowed us to demonstrate the presence of substantial amounts of steppe-related mitochondrial ancestry in the community, which is consistent with the expansion of Bell Beaker groups bearing an important steppe legacy in northwestern Europe at approximately 2500 BC. Second, maternal genetic affinities highlighted with Bronze Age groups from Great Britain and the Iberian Peninsula regions tends to support the idea that the continuous cultural exchanges documented archaeologically across the Channel and along the Atlantic coast (during and after the Bronze Age period) were accompanied by significant gene flow. Lastly, our results suggest a maternal genetic continuity between Bronze Age and Iron Age groups that would argue in favour of a cultural transition linked to progressive local economic changes rather than to a massive influx of allochthone groups. The palaeogenetic data gathered for the Urville-Nacqueville group constitute an important step in the biological characterization of European Iron age groups. Clearly, more numerous and diachronic aDNA data are needed to fully understand the complex relationship between the cultural and biological evolution of groups from the period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire-Elise Fischer
- De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel, Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie–UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, CS, Pessac Cedex, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Anthony Lefort
- Inrap Grand-Ouest, Boulevard de l’Europe, Bourguébus, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Pemonge
- De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel, Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie–UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, CS, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Christine Couture-Veschambre
- De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel, Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie–UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, CS, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Rottier
- De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel, Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie–UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, CS, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Marie-France Deguilloux
- De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel, Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie–UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, CS, Pessac Cedex, France
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