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Nazareth TDM, Calpe J, Luz C, Mañes J, Meca G. Manufacture of a Potential Antifungal Ingredient Using Lactic Acid Bacteria from Dry-Cured Sausages. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071427. [PMID: 37048247 PMCID: PMC10093346 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in functional foods has fueled the hunt for novel lactic acid bacteria (LAB) found in natural sources such as fermented foods. Thus, the aims of this study were to isolate, identify, characterize, and quantify LAB’s antifungal activity and formulate an ingredient for meat product applications. The overlay method performed a logical initial screening by assessing isolated bacteria’s antifungal activity in vitro. Next, the antifungal activity of the fermented bacteria-free supernatants (BFS) was evaluated by agar diffusion assay against six toxigenic fungi. Subsequently, the antifungal activity of the most antifungal BFS was quantified using the microdilution method in 96-well microplates. The meat broth that showed higher antifungal activity was selected to elaborate on an ingredient to be applied to meat products. Finally, antifungal compounds such as organic acids, phenolic acids, and volatile organic compounds were identified in the chosen-fermented meat broth. The most promising biological candidates belonged to the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus. P. pentosaceus C15 distinguished from other bacteria by the production of antifungal compounds such as nonanoic acid and phenyl ethyl alcohol, as well as the higher production of lactic and acetic acid.
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Semerdjieva I, Zheljazkov VD, Dincheva I, Piperkova N, Maneva V, Cantrell CL, Astatkie T, Stoyanova A, Ivanova T. Essential Oil Composition of Seven Bulgarian Hypericum Species and Its Potential as a Biopesticide. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:923. [PMID: 36840272 PMCID: PMC9962312 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypericum species and especially H. perforatum L. are well known for their therapeutic applications. The present study assessed the essential oil (EO) composition, and antifungal and aphid suppression activity of seven Bulgarian Hypericum species. The EOs were analyzed by GC-MS-FID. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, H. perforatum, H. maculatum, and H. hirsutum were used. Additionally, the EO composition of H. perforatum extracted via hydrodistillation (ClevA) and via commercial steam distillation (Com) were compared. The second experiment compared the EOs of H. perforatum, H. cerastoides, H. rumeliacum, H. montbretii, and H. calycinum (flowers and leaves) extracted via hydrodistillation and collected with n-hexane. Overall, the EO constituents belonged to four classes, namely alkanes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and fatty acids. The main class for compounds in H. maculatum and H. perforatum (section Hypericum) were sesquiterpenes for both experiments except for H. perforatum (Com). Hypericum montbretii (section Drosocarpium) EO had monoterpenes (38.09%) and sesquiterpenes (37.09%) as major groups, while H. hirsutum EO (section Taeniocarpium) contained predominately alkanes (67.19%). Hypericum hirsutum EO contained cedrol (5.04%), found for the first time in Hypericum species. Fatty acids were the main compounds in H. cerastoides (section Campylopus), while monoterpenes were the most abundant class in H. rumeliacum and H. calycinum EOs. α-Pinene and germacrene D were the major EO constituents of all analyzed Hypericum species except for H. hirsutum and H. cerastoides. Hypericum perforatum EO (Com) had significant repellent and insecticidal activity against two aphid species, Rhopalosiphum padi (Bird Cherry-oat aphid) and Sitobion avenae (English grain aphid) at concentrations of 0%, 1%, 2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5%, and 5%. The tested EOs did not show significant activity against selected economically important agricultural fungal pathogens Fusarium spp., Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum spp., Rhizoctonia solani, and Aspergillus sp. The EO of the Hypericum species found in the Bulgarian flora could be utilized for the development of new biopesticides for aphid control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Agricultural University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1013 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Ivayla Dincheva
- Plant Genetic Research Group, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Neshka Piperkova
- Department of Phytopathology, Agricultural University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Vasilina Maneva
- Plant Protection and Technology Department, Institute of Agriculture, Agricultural Academy, 8400 Karnobat, Bulgaria
| | - Charles L. Cantrell
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA-ARS, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Technology of Fats, Essential Oils, Perfumery and Cosmetics, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Ivanova
- Department of Technology of Fats, Essential Oils, Perfumery and Cosmetics, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Seyis F, Yurteri E, Özcan A, Cirak C, Yayla F. Volatile secondary metabolites of Hypericum tetrapterum and Hypericum bithynicum. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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YILMAZOĞLU E, HASDEMİR M, HASDEMİR B. Recent Studies on Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Ethnobotanical Uses of Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae). JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1024791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils of Three Closely Related Hypericum Species Growing Wild on the Island of Crete, Greece. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10082823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The volatile compositions of three closely related Hypericum species growing wild on the island of Crete were studied, all belonging to the section Coridium. Hydro-distillation in a modified Clevenger-type apparatus was performed according to the Hellenic Pharmacopoeia in order to obtain the essential oils, which were analyzed by GC-MS. Identification of the compounds was carried out by comparison of MS spectra and retention indices with literature data, as well as by co-chromatography with authentic samples. In total, 123 different compounds were identified and the main compounds were by order of their abundance as follows: H. empetrifolium: α-pinene, germacrene D, β-pinene, E-caryophyllene; H. amblycalyx: β-elemene, β-selinene, α-pinene, E-caryophyllene, α-selinene; H. jovis: trans-calamenene, α-selinene, β-elemene. The chemical results revealed the differences and similarities (qualitative and quantitative) between the studied oils, supporting the hypothesis that essential oils from Hypericum spp. do not serve as chemotaxonomic markers. Moreover, the essential oils were subjected to antimicrobial screening. According to the given results, the essential oils possessed better antifungal and anticandidal activities than antibacterial activities.
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Balikci N, Sarimahmut M, Ari F, Aztopal N, Zafer Ozel M, Ulukaya E, Celikler S. Toxicity assessment of Hypericum olympicum subsp. olympicum L. on human lymphocytes and breast cancer cell lines. J Appl Biomed 2020; 18:18-25. [PMID: 34907704 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2020.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a limited number of studies about the constituents of Hypericum olympicum subsp. olympicum and its genotoxic and cytotoxic potency. We examined the possible antigenotoxic/genotoxic properties of methanolic extract of H. olympicum subsp. olympicum (HOE) on human lymphocytes by employing sister chromatid exchange, micronucleus and comet assay and analyzed its chemical composition by GCxGC-TOF/MS. The anti-growth activity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines was assessed by using the ATP viability assay. Cell death mode was investigated with fluorescence staining and ELISA assays. The major components of the flower and trunk were determined as eicosane, heptacosane, 2-propen-1-ol, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone and α-muurolene. HOE caused significant DNA damage at selected doses (250-750 µg/ml) while chromosomal damage was observed at higher concentrations (500 and 750 µg/ml). HOE demonstrated anti-growth activity in a dose-dependent manner between 3.13-100 µg/ml. Pyknotic nuclei were observed at 100 µg/ml concentration of HOE in both cell lines. In conclusion, HOE demonstrated cytotoxic effects in a cell type-dependent manner, however its genotoxic effects were observed at relatively higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necmiye Balikci
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sarimahmut
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ferda Ari
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Nazlihan Aztopal
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Bursa, Turkey.,Istinye University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Zafer Ozel
- University of York, Department of Chemistry, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Bursa, Turkey.,Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Celikler
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Bursa, Turkey
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Agapouda A, Booker A, Kiss T, Hohmann J, Heinrich M, Csupor D. Quality control of Hypericum perforatum L. analytical challenges and recent progress. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 71:15-37. [PMID: 28266019 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The most widely applied qualitative and quantitative analytical methods in the quality control of Hypericum perforatum extracts will be reviewed, including routine analytical tools and most modern approaches.
Key findings
Biologically active components of H. perforatum are chemically diverse; therefore, different chromatographic and detection methods are required for the comprehensive analysis of St. John's wort extracts. Naphthodianthrones, phloroglucinols and flavonoids are the most widely analysed metabolites of this plant. For routine quality control, detection of major compounds belonging to these groups seems to be sufficient; however, closer characterization requires the detection of minor compounds as well.
Conclusions
TLC and HPTLC are basic methods in the routine analysis, whereas HPLC-DAD is the most widely applied method for quantitative analysis due to its versatility. LC-MS is gaining importance in pharmacokinetic studies due to its sensitivity. Modern approaches, such as DNA barcoding, NIRS and NMR metabolomics, may offer new possibilities for the more detailed characterization of secondary metabolite profile of H. perforatum extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Agapouda
- Research Cluster “Biodiversity and Medicines”, Research Group “Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy”, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, UK
| | - Anthony Booker
- Research Cluster “Biodiversity and Medicines”, Research Group “Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy”, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, UK
- Division of Herbal and East Asian Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Tivadar Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Natural Products, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Natural Products, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Research Cluster “Biodiversity and Medicines”, Research Group “Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy”, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, UK
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Natural Products, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Marčetić MD, Milenković MT, Lakušić DV, Lakušić BS. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil and Methanol Extract of Hypericum aegypticum subsp. webbii (Spach) N. Robson. Chem Biodivers 2017; 13:427-36. [PMID: 26923468 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hypericum aegypticum subsp. webbii is an evergreen shrub spread in Mediterranean part of central and southeastern Europe. The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and MeOH extract of H. aegypticum subsp. webbii were investigated. The monoterpenes α-pinene (63.4 - 68.5%) and β-pinene (16.9 - 17.0%) were main compounds in the volatile oil from aerial parts. In the cluster analysis, the essential oil of H. aegypticum subsp. webbii was separated and chemically different from the oil of other subspecies of H. aegypticum as well as other Hypericum species from Greece. SIMPER analysis revealed that α-pinene (24.79%) was the component that contributed the most to differences between all oils. Also, there was extremely high overall dissimilarity between three subspecies of H. aegypticum. MeOH extract of aerial parts of H. aegypticum subsp. webbii contained flavonoids rutin (56.4 ± 0.9 mg/g), hyperoside and quercetin, and phenolic acids chlorogenic and caffeic acid, while naphthodianthrones were not detected. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil was moderate (MIC from 100 to >200 μg/ml), while MeOH extract inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Micrococcus luteus (MIC 50 - 100 μg/ml), more pronounced than the extract of H. perforatum (MIC 200 - >200 μg/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana D Marčetić
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, V. Stepe 450, RS-11221, Belgrade
| | - Marina T Milenković
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, V. Stepe 450, RS-11221, Belgrade
| | - Dmitar V Lakušić
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden 'Jevremovac', Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, RS-11000, Belgrade
| | - Branislava S Lakušić
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, V. Stepe 450, RS-11221, Belgrade
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Kantsa A, Sotiropoulou S, Vaitis M, Petanidou T. Plant Volatilome in Greece: a Review on the Properties, Prospects, and Chemogeography. Chem Biodivers 2016; 12:1466-80. [PMID: 26460555 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Knowing plant volatile chemodiversity and its distribution is essential in order to study biological processes, to estimate the plants' value in use, and to establish sustainable exploitation practices. Yet, attempts to collect and assess data on scent diversity and properties in well-defined geographical areas are rare. Here, we developed a geo-referenced database of the plant volatilome in Greece by consolidating the results included in 116 research articles published in the last 25 years. The data set compiled includes 999 volatile organic compounds distributed into 178 plant taxa, 59 genera, and 19 families. Distillation is the acquisition method almost exclusively used, whereas headspace techniques that would allow the study of subtle ecological processes are generally lacking. Sesquiterpenes show the greatest richness of compounds, followed by monoterpenes and aliphatics. We assess the volatility of the compounds using the normal boiling point (nBP) as its reverse indicator, and we present the volatility spectra of the blends of the genera studied. Mean nBPs vary among genera, with maximal differences as wide as 118.4°. Finally, we feature basic chemodiversity maps for three aromatic plants, and discuss their importance and prospects as a special case of natural resources maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aphrodite Kantsa
- Laboratory of Biogeography & Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, GR-81100, Mytilene, (phone: +30-22510-36423; fax: +30-22510-36423).
| | - Stavroula Sotiropoulou
- Laboratory of Biogeography & Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, GR-81100, Mytilene, (phone: +30-22510-36423; fax: +30-22510-36423)
| | - Michail Vaitis
- Laboratory of Cartography & Geoinformatics, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, GR-81100, Mytilene
| | - Theodora Petanidou
- Laboratory of Biogeography & Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, GR-81100, Mytilene, (phone: +30-22510-36423; fax: +30-22510-36423)
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Cirak C, Bertoli A. Aromatic profiling of wild and rare species growing in Turkey:Hypericum aviculariifoliumJaub. and Spach subsp. depilatum(Freyn and Bornm.) Robson var.depilatumandHypericum pruinatumBoiss. and Bal. Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:100-7. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.660633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Radulović NS, Blagojević PD. Chemical Composition ofHypericum rumeliacumBoiss. Essential Oil. A New Chemotype of This Pharmacologically Valuable Species? Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:2324-41. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chauhan RS, Vashistha RK, Nautiyal MC, Tava A, Cecotti R. Essential Oil Composition ofHypericum perforatumL. from Cultivated Source. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2011.9700452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Helmja K, Vaher M, Püssa T, Orav A, Viitak A, Levandi T, Kaljurand M. Variation in the composition of the essential oils, phenolic compounds and mineral elements ofHypericum perforatumL. growing in Estonia. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:496-510. [DOI: 10.1080/14786411003792165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hosni K, Msaada K, Ben Taârit M, Marzouk B. Phenological variations of secondary metabolites from Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
The flowering plant genus Hypericum (Hypericaceae) contains the well-known medicinally valuable species Hypericum perforatum (common St. John's wort). Species of Hypericum contain many bioactive constituents, including proanthocyanins, flavonoids, biflavonoids, xanthones, phenylpropanes and naphthodianthrones that are characterized by their relative hydrophilicity, as well as acylphloroglucinols and essential oil components that are more hydrophobic in nature. A concise review of the scientific literature pertaining to constituents of Hypericum essential oils and volatile fractions is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. Crockett
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Cirak C, Bertoli A, Pistelli L, Seyis F. Essential oil composition and variability of Hypericum perforatum from wild populations of northern Turkey. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2010; 48:906-914. [PMID: 20673178 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903311136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypericum perforatum L. (Guttiferae) contains many bioactive secondary metabolites including hypericins, hyperforins, and essential oil. OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to determine the variation in composition of essential oil in H. perforatum accessions from Turkey. MATERIAL AND METHODS At full flowering, aerial parts of 30 plants were collected from 10 sites of northern Turkey and assayed for essential oil components by GC-FID and GC-MS. RESULTS The chemical analysis revealed that the main constituents of the all analyzed samples were hydrocarbon and oxygenated sesquiterpenes such as beta-caryophyllene (4.08-5.93%), gamma-muurolene (5.00-9.56%), beta-selinene (5.08-19.63%), alpha-selinene (4.12-10.42%), d-cadinene (3.02-4.94%), spathulenol (2.34-5.14%), and caryophyllene oxide (6.01-12.18%). Monoterpenes, both hydrocarbon and oxygenated, were represented by scarce amounts of alpha- and beta-pinene, myrcene, linalool, cis- and trans-linalool oxide, and alpha-terpineol. Principal component analysis was also carried out and, according to the results, the first nine principal components were found to represent 100% of the observed variation. DISCUSSION The chemical variation among the populations is discussed as the possible result of different genetic and environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS The wild populations examined here are potentially important sources for breeding and improvement of the cultivated varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cüneyt Cirak
- The Vocational High School of Bafra, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey.
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Radulović N, Ðorðević A, Palić R. The Intrasectional Chemotaxonomic Placement ofHypericum elegansStephan ex Willd. Inferred from the Essential-Oil Chemical Composition. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:943-52. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Özkan AMG, Demirci B, Başer KHC. Essential Oil Composition ofHypericum thymopsisBoiss. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2009.9700136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Maggi F, Ferretti G. Essential Oil Comparison ofHypericum perforatumL. subsp.perforatumand subsp.veronense(Schrank) Ces. from Central Italy. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2008.9700067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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