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Zhou R, Fu W, Vasylyev D, Waxman SG, Liu CJ. Ion channels in osteoarthritis: emerging roles and potential targets. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:545-564. [PMID: 39122910 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent joint disease that causes substantial disability, yet effective approaches to disease prevention or to the delay of OA progression are lacking. Emerging evidence has pinpointed ion channels as pivotal mediators in OA pathogenesis and as promising targets for disease-modifying treatments. Preclinical studies have assessed the potential of a variety of ion channel modulators to modify disease pathways involved in cartilage degeneration, synovial inflammation, bone hyperplasia and pain, and to provide symptomatic relief in models of OA. Some of these modulators are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. This review explores the structures and functions of ion channels, including transient receptor potential channels, Piezo channels, voltage-gated sodium channels, voltage-dependent calcium channels, potassium channels, acid-sensing ion channels, chloride channels and the ATP-dependent P2XR channels in the osteoarthritic joint. The discussion spans channel-targeting drug discovery and potential clinical applications, emphasizing opportunities for further research, and underscoring the growing clinical impact of ion channel biology in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renpeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wenyu Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dmytro Vasylyev
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chuan-Ju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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2
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Wang X, Wu W, Yang G, Yang XW, Ma X, Zhu DD, Ahmad K, Khan K, Wang YZ, Sui AR, Guo SY, Kong Y, Yuan B, Luo TY, Liu CK, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Li QF, Wang B, Wu Q, Wu XF, Xiao ZC, Ma QH, Li S. Cell-specific Nav1.6 knockdown reduced astrocyte-derived Aβ by reverse Na +-Ca 2+ transporter-mediated autophagy in alzheimer-like mice. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00309-6. [PMID: 39079584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nav1.6 is closely related to the pathology of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and astrocytes have recently been identified as a significant source of β-amyloid (Aβ). However, little is known about the connection between Nav1.6 and astrocyte-derived Aβ. OBJECTIVE This study explored the crucial role of Nav1.6 in mediated astrocyte-derived Aβ in AD and knockdown astrocytic Nav1.6 alleviates AD progression by promoting autophagy and lysosome-APP fusion. METHODS A mouse model for astrocytic Nav1.6 knockdown was constructed to study the effects of astrocytic Nav1.6 on amyloidosis. The role of astrocytic Nav1.6 on autophagy and lysosome-APP(amyloid precursor protein) fusion was used by transmission electron microscope, immunostaining, western blot and patch clamp. Glial cell activation was detected using immunostaining. Neuroplasticity and neural network were assessed using patch-clamp, Golgi stain and EEG recording. Behavioral experiments were performed to evaluate cognitive defects. RESULTS Astrocytic Nav1.6 knockdown reduces amyloidosis, alleviates glial cell activation and morphological complexity, improves neuroplasticity and abnormal neural networks, as well as promotes learning and memory abilities in APP/PS1 mice. Astrocytic Nav1.6 knockdown reduces itself-derived Aβ by promoting lysosome- APP fusion, which is related to attenuating reverse Na+-Ca2+ exchange current thus reducing intracellular Ca2+ to facilitate autophagic through AKT/mTOR/ULK pathway. CONCLUSION Our findings unveil the crucial role of astrocyte-specific Nav1.6 in reducing astrocyte-derived Aβ, highlighting its potential as a cell-specific target for modulating AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Wei Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Kabir Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Khizar Khan
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Ying-Zi Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Ao-Ran Sui
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Song-Yu Guo
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Yue Kong
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Tian-Yuan Luo
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Cheng-Kang Liu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Qi-Fa Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Xue-Fei Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Xiao
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the second affilitated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China.
| | - Shao Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
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3
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Fu W, Vasylyev D, Bi Y, Zhang M, Sun G, Khleborodova A, Huang G, Zhao L, Zhou R, Li Y, Liu S, Cai X, He W, Cui M, Zhao X, Hettinghouse A, Good J, Kim E, Strauss E, Leucht P, Schwarzkopf R, Guo EX, Samuels J, Hu W, Attur M, Waxman SG, Liu CJ. Na v1.7 as a chondrocyte regulator and therapeutic target for osteoarthritis. Nature 2024; 625:557-565. [PMID: 38172636 PMCID: PMC10794151 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease. Currently there are no effective methods that simultaneously prevent joint degeneration and reduce pain1. Although limited evidence suggests the existence of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) in chondrocytes2, their expression and function in chondrocytes and in OA remain essentially unknown. Here we identify Nav1.7 as an OA-associated VGSC and demonstrate that human OA chondrocytes express functional Nav1.7 channels, with a density of 0.1 to 0.15 channels per µm2 and 350 to 525 channels per cell. Serial genetic ablation of Nav1.7 in multiple mouse models demonstrates that Nav1.7 expressed in dorsal root ganglia neurons is involved in pain, whereas Nav1.7 in chondrocytes regulates OA progression. Pharmacological blockade of Nav1.7 with selective or clinically used pan-Nav channel blockers significantly ameliorates the progression of structural joint damage, and reduces OA pain behaviour. Mechanistically, Nav1.7 blockers regulate intracellular Ca2+ signalling and the chondrocyte secretome, which in turn affects chondrocyte biology and OA progression. Identification of Nav1.7 as a novel chondrocyte-expressed, OA-associated channel uncovers a dual target for the development of disease-modifying and non-opioid pain relief treatment for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Fu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dmytro Vasylyev
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yufei Bi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mingshuang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guodong Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Asya Khleborodova
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guiwu Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Renpeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yonggang Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shujun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xianyi Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenjun He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiangli Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aubryanna Hettinghouse
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia Good
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellen Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Strauss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philipp Leucht
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ran Schwarzkopf
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward X Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Samuels
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenhuo Hu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mukundan Attur
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Chuan-Ju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Khananshvili D. Neuronal and astrocyte NCX isoform/splice variants: How do they participate in Na + and Ca 2+ signalling? Cell Calcium 2023; 116:102818. [PMID: 37918135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3 gene isoforms and their splice variants are characteristically expressed in different regions of the brain. The tissue-specific splice variants of NCX1-3 isoforms show specific expression profiles in neurons and astrocytes, whereas the relevant NCX isoform/splice variants exhibit diverse allosteric modes of Na+- and Ca2+-dependent regulation. In general, overexpression of NCX1-3 genes leads to neuroprotective effects, whereas their ablation gains the opposite results. At this end, the partial contributions of NCX isoform/splice variants to neuroprotective effects remain unresolved. The glutamate-dependent Na+ entry generates Na+ transients (in response to neuronal cell activities), whereas the Na+-driven Ca2+ entry (through the reverse NCX mode) raises Ca2+ transients. This special mode of signal coupling translates Na+ transients into the Ca2+ signals while being a part of synaptic neurotransmission. This mechanism is of general interest since disease-related conditions (ischemia, metabolic stress, and stroke among many others) trigger Na+ and Ca2+ overload with deadly outcomes of downstream apoptosis and excitotoxicity. The recently discovered mechanisms of NCX allosteric regulation indicate that some NCX variants might play a critical role in the dynamic coupling of Na+-driven Ca2+ entry. In contrast, the others are less important or even could be dangerous under altered conditions (e.g., metabolic stress). This working hypothesis can be tested by applying advanced experimental approaches and highly focused computational simulations. This may allow the development of structure-based blockers/activators that can selectively modulate predefined NCX variants to lessen the life-threatening outcomes of excitotoxicity, ischemia, apoptosis, metabolic deprivation, brain injury, and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Khananshvili
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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5
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Liu W, Zhang R, Feng H, Luo J, Zhu H. Increased expression of Nav1.6 of reactive astrocytes in the globus pallidus is closely associated with motor deficits in a model of Parkinson's disease. Glia 2023; 71:2850-2865. [PMID: 37572007 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in elderly people, which is characterized by motor disabilities in PD patients. Nav1.6 is the most abundant subtype of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) in the brain of adult mammals and rodents. Here we investigated the role of Nav1.6 in the external globus pallidus (GP) involved in the pathogenesis of motor deficits in unilateral 6-OHDA(6-hydroxydopamine)lesioned rats. The results show that Nav1.6 is dramatically increased in reactive astrocytes of the ipsilateral GP in the middle stage, but not different from the control rats in the later stage of the pathological process in 6-OHDA lesioned rats. Furthermore, the down-regulation of Nav1.6 expression in the ipsilateral GP can significantly improve motor deficits in 6-OHDA lesioned rats in the middle stage of the pathological process. The electrophysiological experiments show that the down-regulation of Nav1.6 expression in the ipsilateral GP significantly decreases the abnormal high synchronization between the ipsilateral M1 (the primary motor cortex) and GP in 6-OHDA lesioned rats. Ca2+ imaging reveals that the down-regulation of Nav1.6 expression reduces the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]i) in primary cultured astrocytes. These findings suggest that the increased Nav1.6 expression of reactive astrocytes in the GP play an important role in the pathogenesis of motor dysfunction in the middle stage in 6-OHDA lesioned rats, which may participate in astrocyte-neuron communication by regulating [Ca2+ ]i of astrocytes, thereby contributing to the formation of abnormal electrical signals of the basal ganglia (BG) in 6-OHDA lesioned rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitang Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renxing Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Feng
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamin Luo
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Remme CA. SCN5A channelopathy: arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, epilepsy and beyond. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220164. [PMID: 37122208 PMCID: PMC10150216 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Influx of sodium ions through voltage-gated sodium channels in cardiomyocytes is essential for proper electrical conduction within the heart. Both acquired conditions associated with sodium channel dysfunction (myocardial ischaemia, heart failure) as well as inherited disorders secondary to mutations in the gene SCN5A encoding for the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 are associated with life-threatening arrhythmias. Research in the last decade has uncovered the complex nature of Nav1.5 distribution, function, in particular within distinct subcellular subdomains of cardiomyocytes. Nav1.5-based channels furthermore display previously unrecognized non-electrogenic actions and may impact on cardiac structural integrity, leading to cardiomyopathy. Moreover, SCN5A and Nav1.5 are expressed in cell types other than cardiomyocytes as well as various extracardiac tissues, where their functional role in, e.g. epilepsy, gastrointestinal motility, cancer and the innate immune response is increasingly investigated and recognized. This review provides an overview of these novel insights and how they deepen our mechanistic knowledge on SCN5A channelopathies and Nav1.5 (dys)function. This article is part of the theme issue 'The heartbeat: its molecular basis and physiological mechanisms'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Barbieri R, Nizzari M, Zanardi I, Pusch M, Gavazzo P. Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Dysfunctions in Neurological Disorders. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051191. [PMID: 37240836 DOI: 10.3390/life13051191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The pore-forming subunits (α subunits) of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) are encoded in humans by a family of nine highly conserved genes. Among them, SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN3A, and SCN8A are primarily expressed in the central nervous system. The encoded proteins Nav1.1, Nav1.2, Nav1.3, and Nav1.6, respectively, are important players in the initiation and propagation of action potentials and in turn of the neural network activity. In the context of neurological diseases, mutations in the genes encoding Nav1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.6 are responsible for many forms of genetic epilepsy and for Nav1.1 also of hemiplegic migraine. Several pharmacological therapeutic approaches targeting these channels are used or are under study. Mutations of genes encoding VGSCs are also involved in autism and in different types of even severe intellectual disability (ID). It is conceivable that in these conditions their dysfunction could indirectly cause a certain level of neurodegenerative processes; however, so far, these mechanisms have not been deeply investigated. Conversely, VGSCs seem to have a modulatory role in the most common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, where SCN8A expression has been shown to be negatively correlated with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Nizzari
- Institute of Biophysics, Via de Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanardi
- Institute of Biophysics, Via de Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Michael Pusch
- Institute of Biophysics, Via de Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Gavazzo
- Institute of Biophysics, Via de Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
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8
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James AD, Unthank KP, Jones I, Sajjaboontawee N, Sizer RE, Chawla S, Evans GJO, Brackenbury WJ. Sodium regulates PLC and IP 3 R-mediated calcium signaling in invasive breast cancer cells. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15663. [PMID: 37017052 PMCID: PMC10074044 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ signaling and Na+ homeostasis are inextricably linked via ion channels and co-transporters, with alterations in the concentration of one ion having profound effects on the other. Evidence indicates that intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+ ]i ) is elevated in breast tumors, and that aberrant Ca2+ signaling regulates numerous key cancer hallmark processes. The present study therefore aimed to determine the effects of Na+ depletion on intracellular Ca2+ handling in metastatic breast cancer cell lines. The relationship between Na+ and Ca2+ was probed using fura-2 and SBFI fluorescence imaging and replacement of extracellular Na+ with equimolar N-methyl-D-glucamine (0Na+ /NMDG) or choline chloride (0Na+ /ChoCl). In triple-negative MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells and Her2+ SKBR3 cells, but not ER+ MCF-7 cells, 0Na+ /NMDG and 0Na+ /ChoCl resulted in a slow, sustained depletion in [Na+ ]i that was accompanied by a rapid and sustained increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]i ). Application of La3+ in nominal Ca2+ -free conditions had no effect on this response, ruling out reverse-mode NCX activity and Ca2+ entry channels. Moreover, the Na+ -linked [Ca2+ ]i increase was independent of membrane potential hyperpolarization (NS-1619), but was inhibited by pharmacological blockade of IP3 receptors (2-APB), phospholipase C (PLC, U73122) or following depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores (cyclopiazonic acid). Thus, Na+ is linked to PLC/IP3 -mediated activation of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release in metastatic breast cancer cells and this may have an important role in breast tumors where [Na+ ]i is perturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. James
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | | | | | - Nattanan Sajjaboontawee
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | | | - Sangeeta Chawla
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Gareth J. O. Evans
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - William J. Brackenbury
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
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9
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Ge X, Ye W, Zhu Y, Cui M, Zhou J, Xiao C, Jiang D, Tang P, Wang J, Wang Z, Ji C, Zhou X, Cao X, Liu W, Cai W. USP1/UAF1-Stabilized METTL3 Promotes Reactive Astrogliosis and Improves Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury through m 6A Modification of YAP1 mRNA. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1456-1474. [PMID: 36653190 PMCID: PMC10008067 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1209-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is involved in diverse biological processes. However, its role in spinal cord injury (SCI) is poorly understood. The m6A level increases in injured spinal cord, and METTL3, which is the core subunit of methyltransferase complex, is upregulated in reactive astrocytes and further stabilized by the USP1/UAF1 complex after SCI. The USP1/UAF1 complex specifically binds to and subsequently removes K48-linked ubiquitination of the METTL3 protein to maintain its stability after SCI. Moreover, conditional knockout of astrocytic METTL3 in both sexes of mice significantly suppressed reactive astrogliosis after SCI, thus resulting in widespread infiltration of inflammatory cells, aggravated neuronal loss, hampered axonal regeneration, and impaired functional recovery. Mechanistically, the YAP1 transcript was identified as a potential target of METTL3 in astrocytes. METTL3 could selectively methylate the 3'-UTR region of the YAP1 transcript, which subsequently maintains its stability in an IGF2BP2-dependent manner. In vivo, YAP1 overexpression by adeno-associated virus injection remarkably contributed to reactive astrogliosis and partly reversed the detrimental effects of METTL3 knockout on functional recovery after SCI. Furthermore, we found that the methyltransferase activity of METTL3 plays an essential role in reactive astrogliosis and motor repair, whereas METTL3 mutant without methyltransferase function failed to promote functional recovery after SCI. Our study reveals the previously unreported role of METTL3-mediated m6A modification in SCI and might provide a potential therapy for SCI.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Spinal cord injury is a devastating trauma of the CNS involving motor and sensory impairments. However, epigenetic modification in spinal cord injury is still unclear. Here, we propose an m6A regulation effect of astrocytic METTL3 following spinal cord injury, and we further characterize its underlying mechanism, which might provide promising strategies for spinal cord injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wu Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yufeng Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jiawen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chenyu Xiao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Dongdong Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China
| | - Pengyu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zhuanghui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Chengyue Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiaojian Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Weihua Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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10
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Riggins TE, Whitsitt QA, Saxena A, Hunter E, Hunt B, Thompson CH, Moore MG, Purcell EK. Gene Expression Changes in Cultured Reactive Rat Astrocyte Models and Comparison to Device-Associated Effects in the Brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.06.522870. [PMID: 36712012 PMCID: PMC9881929 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.06.522870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Implanted microelectrode arrays hold immense therapeutic potential for many neurodegenerative diseases. However, a foreign body response limits long-term device performance. Recent literature supports the role of astrocytes in the response to damage to the central nervous system (CNS) and suggests that reactive astrocytes exist on a spectrum of phenotypes, from beneficial to neurotoxic. The goal of our study was to gain insight into the subtypes of reactive astrocytes responding to electrodes implanted in the brain. In this study, we tested the transcriptomic profile of two reactive astrocyte culture models (cytokine cocktail or lipopolysaccharide, LPS) utilizing RNA sequencing, which we then compared to differential gene expression surrounding devices inserted into rat motor cortex via spatial transcriptomics. We interpreted changes in the genetic expression of the culture models to that of 24 hour, 1 week and 6 week rat tissue samples at multiple distances radiating from the injury site. We found overlapping expression of up to ∼250 genes between in vitro models and in vivo effects, depending on duration of implantation. Cytokine-induced cells shared more genes in common with chronically implanted tissue (≥1 week) in comparison to LPS-exposed cells. We revealed localized expression of a subset of these intersecting genes (e.g., Serping1, Chi3l1, and Cyp7b1) in regions of device-encapsulating, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing astrocytes identified with immunohistochemistry. We applied a factorization approach to assess the strength of the relationship between reactivity markers and the spatial distribution of GFAP-expressing astrocytes in vivo . We also provide lists of hundreds of differentially expressed genes between reactive culture models and untreated controls, and we observed 311 shared genes between the cytokine induced model and the LPS-reaction induced control model. Our results show that comparisons of reactive astrocyte culture models with spatial transcriptomics data can reveal new biomarkers of the foreign body response to implantable neurotechnology. These comparisons also provide a strategy to assess the development of in vitro models of the tissue response to implanted electrodes.
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11
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Jackson JG, Krizman E, Takano H, Lee M, Choi GH, Putt ME, Robinson MB. Activation of Glutamate Transport Increases Arteriole Diameter in v ivo: Implications for Neurovascular Coupling. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:831061. [PMID: 35308116 PMCID: PMC8930833 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.831061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to meet the energetic demands of cell-to-cell signaling, increases in local neuronal signaling are matched by a coordinated increase in local blood flow, termed neurovascular coupling. Multiple different signals from neurons, astrocytes, and pericytes contribute to this control of blood flow. Previously, several groups demonstrated that inhibition/ablation of glutamate transporters attenuates the neurovascular response. However, it was not determined if glutamate transporter activation was sufficient to increase blood flow. Here, we used multiphoton imaging to monitor the diameter of fluorescently labeled cortical arterioles in anesthetized C57/B6J mice. We delivered vehicle, glutamate transporter substrates, or a combination of a glutamate transporter substrate with various pharmacologic agents via a glass micropipette while simultaneously visualizing changes in arteriole diameter. We developed a novel image analysis method to automate the measurement of arteriole diameter in these time-lapse analyses. Using this workflow, we first conducted pilot experiments in which we focally applied L-glutamate, D-aspartate, or L-threo-hydroxyaspartate (L-THA) and measured arteriole responses as proof of concept. We subsequently applied the selective glutamate transport substrate L-THA (applied at concentrations that do not activate glutamate receptors). We found that L-THA evoked a significantly larger dilation than that observed with focal saline application. This response was blocked by co-application of the potent glutamate transport inhibitor, L-(2S,3S)-3-[3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzoylamino]benzyloxy]-aspartate (TFB-TBOA). Conversely, we were unable to demonstrate a reduction of this effect through co-application of a cocktail of glutamate and GABA receptor antagonists. These studies provide the first direct evidence that activation of glutamate transport is sufficient to increase arteriole diameter. We explored potential downstream mechanisms mediating this transporter-mediated dilation by using a Ca2+ chelator or inhibitors of reversed-mode Na+/Ca2+ exchange, nitric oxide synthetase, or cyclo-oxygenase. The estimated effects and confidence intervals suggested some form of inhibition for a number of these inhibitors. Limitations to our study design prevented definitive conclusions with respect to these downstream inhibitors; these limitations are discussed along with possible next steps. Understanding the mechanisms that control blood flow are important because changes in blood flow/energy supply are implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders and are used as a surrogate measure of neuronal activity in widely used techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G. Jackson
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Krizman
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hajime Takano
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Meredith Lee
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Grace H. Choi
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mary E. Putt
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael B. Robinson
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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12
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Piccialli I, Ciccone R, Secondo A, Boscia F, Tedeschi V, de Rosa V, Cepparulo P, Annunziato L, Pannaccione A. The Na +/Ca 2+ Exchanger 3 Is Functionally Coupled With the Na V1.6 Voltage-Gated Channel and Promotes an Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+ Refilling in a Transgenic Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:775271. [PMID: 34955845 PMCID: PMC8692738 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.775271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The remodelling of neuronal ionic homeostasis by altered channels and transporters is a critical feature of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Different reports converge on the concept that the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), as one of the main regulators of Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations and signalling, could exert a neuroprotective role in AD. The activity of NCX has been found to be increased in AD brains, where it seemed to correlate with an increased neuronal survival. Moreover, the enhancement of the NCX3 currents (INCX) in primary neurons treated with the neurotoxic amyloid β 1-42 (Aβ1-42) oligomers prevented the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and neuronal death. The present study has been designed to investigate any possible modulation of the INCX, the functional interaction between NCX and the NaV1.6 channel, and their impact on the Ca2+ homeostasis in a transgenic in vitro model of AD, the primary hippocampal neurons from the Tg2576 mouse, which overproduce the Aβ1-42 peptide. Electrophysiological studies, carried in the presence of siRNA and the isoform-selective NCX inhibitor KB-R7943, showed that the activity of a specific NCX isoform, NCX3, was upregulated in its reverse, Ca2+ influx mode of operation in the Tg2576 neurons. The enhanced NCX activity contributed, in turn, to increase the ER Ca2+ content, without affecting the cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations of the Tg2576 neurons. Interestingly, our experiments have also uncovered a functional coupling between NCX3 and the voltage-gated NaV1.6 channels. In particular, the increased NaV1.6 currents appeared to be responsible for the upregulation of the reverse mode of NCX3, since both TTX and the Streptomyces griseolus antibiotic anisomycin, by reducing the NaV1.6 currents, counteracted the increase of the INCX in the Tg2576 neurons. In agreement, our immunofluorescence analyses revealed that the NCX3/NaV1.6 co-expression was increased in the Tg2576 hippocampal neurons in comparison with the WT neurons. Collectively, these findings indicate that NCX3 might intervene in the Ca2+ remodelling occurring in the Tg2576 primary neurons thus emerging as a molecular target with a neuroprotective potential, and provide a new outcome of the NaV1.6 upregulation related to the modulation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in AD neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Piccialli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roselia Ciccone
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Agnese Secondo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Boscia
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Tedeschi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria de Rosa
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Cepparulo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Anna Pannaccione
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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13
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Verkhratsky A, Parpura V, Li B, Scuderi C. Astrocytes: The Housekeepers and Guardians of the CNS. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 26:21-53. [PMID: 34888829 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77375-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Astroglia are a diverse group of cells in the central nervous system. They are of the ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin and vary in morphology and function, yet, they can be collectively defined as cells having principle function to maintain homeostasis of the central nervous system at all levels of organisation, including homeostasis of ions, pH and neurotransmitters; supplying neurones with metabolic substrates; supporting oligodendrocytes and axons; regulating synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, and formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier; contributing to operation of the glymphatic system; and regulation of systemic homeostasis being central chemosensors for oxygen, CO2 and Na+. Their basic physiological features show a lack of electrical excitability (inapt to produce action potentials), but display instead a rather active excitability based on variations in cytosolic concentrations of Ca2+ and Na+. It is expression of neurotransmitter receptors, pumps and transporters at their plasmalemma, along with transports on the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria that exquisitely regulate the cytosolic levels of these ions, the fluctuation of which underlies most, if not all, astroglial homeostatic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Baoman Li
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Caterina Scuderi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", SAPIENZA University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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14
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Bagheri S, Haddadi R, Saki S, Kourosh-Arami M, Komaki A. The effect of sodium channels on neurological/neuronal disorders: A systematic review. Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 81:669-685. [PMID: 34687079 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological and neuronal disorders are associated with structural, biochemical, or electrical abnormalities in the nervous system. Many neurological diseases have not yet been discovered. Interventions used for the treatment of these disorders include avoidance measures, lifestyle changes, physiotherapy, neurorehabilitation, pain management, medication, and surgery. In the sodium channelopathies, alterations in the structure, expression, and function of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are considered as the causes of neurological and neuronal diseases. Online databases, including Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed were assessed for studies published between 1977 and 2020 using the keywords of review, sodium channels blocker, neurological diseases, and neuronal diseases. VGSCs consist of one α subunit and two β subunits. These subunits are known to regulate the gating kinetics, functional characteristics, and localization of the ion channel. These channels are involved in cell migration, cellular connections, neuronal pathfinding, and neurite outgrowth. Through the VGSC, the action potential is triggered and propagated in the neurons. Action potentials are physiological functions and passage of impermeable ions. The electrophysiological properties of these channels and their relationship with neurological and neuronal disorders have been identified. Subunit mutations are involved in the development of diseases, such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, autism, and Alzheimer's disease. Accordingly, we conducted a review of the link between VGSCs and neurological and neuronal diseases. Also, novel therapeutic targets were introduced for future drug discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokufeh Bagheri
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rasool Haddadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sahar Saki
- Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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15
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Anzilotti S, Valsecchi V, Brancaccio P, Guida N, Laudati G, Tedeschi V, Petrozziello T, Frecentese F, Magli E, Hassler B, Cuomo O, Formisano L, Secondo A, Annunziato L, Pignataro G. Prolonged NCX activation prevents SOD1 accumulation, reduces neuroinflammation, ameliorates motor behavior and prolongs survival in a ALS mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 159:105480. [PMID: 34411705 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Imbalance in cellular ionic homeostasis is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) is a membrane antiporter that, operating in a bidirectional way, couples the exchange of Ca2+ and Na + ions in neurons and glial cells, thus controlling the intracellular homeostasis of these ions. Among the three NCX genes, NCX1 and NCX2 are widely expressed within the CNS, while NCX3 is present only in skeletal muscles and at lower levels of expression in selected brain regions. ALS mice showed a reduction in the expression and activity of NCX1 and NCX2 consistent with disease progression, therefore we aimed to investigate their role in ALS pathophysiology. Notably, we demonstrated that the pharmacological activation of NCX1 and NCX2 by the prolonged treatment of SOD1G93A mice with the newly synthesized compound neurounina: (1) prevented the reduction in NCX activity observed in spinal cord; (2) preserved motor neurons survival in the ventral spinal horn of SOD1G93A mice; (3) prevented the spinal cord accumulation of misfolded SOD1; (4) reduced astroglia and microglia activation and spared the resident microglia cells in the spinal cord; (5) improved the lifespan and mitigated motor symptoms of ALS mice. The present study highlights the significant role of NCX1 and NCX2 in the pathophysiology of this neurodegenerative disorder and paves the way for the design of a new pharmacological approach for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria Valsecchi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Brancaccio
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giusy Laudati
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Tedeschi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Petrozziello
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Frecentese
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Magli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Brenda Hassler
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ornella Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Agnese Secondo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
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16
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McNeill J, Rudyk C, Hildebrand ME, Salmaso N. Ion Channels and Electrophysiological Properties of Astrocytes: Implications for Emergent Stimulation Technologies. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:644126. [PMID: 34093129 PMCID: PMC8173131 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.644126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes comprise a heterogeneous cell population characterized by distinct morphologies, protein expression and function. Unlike neurons, astrocytes do not generate action potentials, however, they are electrically dynamic cells with extensive electrophysiological heterogeneity and diversity. Astrocytes are hyperpolarized cells with low membrane resistance. They are heavily involved in the modulation of K+ and express an array of different voltage-dependent and voltage-independent channels to help with this ion regulation. In addition to these K+ channels, astrocytes also express several different types of Na+ channels; intracellular Na+ signaling in astrocytes has been linked to some of their functional properties. The physiological hallmark of astrocytes is their extensive intracellular Ca2+ signaling cascades, which vary at the regional, subregional, and cellular levels. In this review article, we highlight the physiological properties of astrocytes and the implications for their function and influence of network and synaptic activity. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of these differences in the context of optogenetic and DREADD experiments and consider whether these tools represent physiologically relevant techniques for the interrogation of astrocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica McNeill
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Natalina Salmaso
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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17
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Guan W, Xia M, Ji M, Chen B, Li S, Zhang M, Liang S, Chen B, Gong W, Dong C, Wen G, Zhan X, Zhang D, Li X, Zhou Y, Guan D, Verkhratsky A, Li B. Iron induces two distinct Ca 2+ signalling cascades in astrocytes. Commun Biol 2021; 4:525. [PMID: 33953326 PMCID: PMC8100120 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is the fundamental element for numerous physiological functions. Plasmalemmal divalent metal ion transporter 1 (DMT1) is responsible for cellular uptake of ferrous (Fe2+), whereas transferrin receptors (TFR) carry transferrin (TF)-bound ferric (Fe3+). In this study we performed detailed analysis of the action of Fe ions on cytoplasmic free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) in astrocytes. Administration of Fe2+ or Fe3+ in μM concentrations evoked [Ca2+]i in astrocytes in vitro and in vivo. Iron ions trigger increase in [Ca2+]i through two distinct molecular cascades. Uptake of Fe2+ by DMT1 inhibits astroglial Na+-K+-ATPase, which leads to elevation in cytoplasmic Na+ concentration, thus reversing Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and thereby generating Ca2+ influx. Uptake of Fe3+ by TF-TFR stimulates phospholipase C to produce inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3), thus triggering InsP3 receptor-mediated Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum. In summary, these findings reveal the mechanisms of iron-induced astrocytic signalling operational in conditions of iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Guan
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
- The First Department of Reproduction, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Maosheng Xia
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ming Ji
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Beina Chen
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Binjie Chen
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenliang Gong
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengyi Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Gehua Wen
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoni Zhan
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dianjun Zhang
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuefei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Dawei Guan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain.
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Baoman Li
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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18
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Ion Transport Modulators Differentially Modulate Inflammatory Responses in THP-1-Derived Macrophages. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:8832586. [PMID: 33928172 PMCID: PMC8049803 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8832586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion transport modulators are most commonly used to treat various noncommunicable diseases including diabetes and hypertension. They are also known to bind to receptors on various immune cells, but the immunomodulatory properties of most ion transport modulators have not been fully elucidated. We assessed the effects of thirteen FDA-approved ion transport modulators, namely, ambroxol HCl, amiloride HCl, diazoxide, digoxin, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, metformin, omeprazole, pantoprazole, phenytoin, verapamil, drug X, and drug Y on superoxide production, nitric oxide production, and cytokine expression by THP-1-derived macrophages that had been stimulated with ethanol-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Ambroxol HCl, diazoxide, digoxin, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, metformin, pantoprazole, phenytoin, verapamil, and drug Y had an inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production, while all the test drugs had an inhibitory effect on superoxide production. Amiloride HCl, diazoxide, digoxin, furosemide, phenytoin, verapamil, drug X, and drug Y enhanced the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α. Unlike most immunomodulatory compounds currently in clinical use, most of the test drugs inhibited some inflammatory processes while promoting others. Ion pumps and ion channels could therefore serve as targets for more selective immunomodulatory agents which do not cause overt immunosuppression.
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19
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Cojocaru A, Burada E, Bălșeanu AT, Deftu AF, Cătălin B, Popa-Wagner A, Osiac E. Roles of Microglial Ion Channel in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061239. [PMID: 33802786 PMCID: PMC8002406 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the average age and life expectancy increases, the incidence of both acute and chronic central nervous system (CNS) pathologies will increase. Understanding mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation as the common feature of any neurodegenerative pathology, we can exploit the pharmacology of cell specific ion channels to improve the outcome of many CNS diseases. As the main cellular player of neuroinflammation, microglia play a central role in this process. Although microglia are considered non-excitable cells, they express a variety of ion channels under both physiological and pathological conditions that seem to be involved in a plethora of cellular processes. Here, we discuss the impact of modulating microglia voltage-gated, potential transient receptor, chloride and proton channels on microglial proliferation, migration, and phagocytosis in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Cojocaru
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.C.); (E.B.); (A.-T.B.)
- Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Emilia Burada
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.C.); (E.B.); (A.-T.B.)
| | - Adrian-Tudor Bălșeanu
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.C.); (E.B.); (A.-T.B.)
- Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alexandru-Florian Deftu
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine (FBM), University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Cătălin
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.C.); (E.B.); (A.-T.B.)
- Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (A.P.-W.)
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing Research, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (A.P.-W.)
| | - Eugen Osiac
- Department of Biophysics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
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20
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Voltage-gated sodium channel Na v1.5 promotes tumor progression and enhances chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 500:119-131. [PMID: 33338532 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nav1.5, encoded by SCN5A, has been associated with metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we investigated the mechanism by which Nav1.5 regulates tumor progression and whether Nav1.5 influences chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in CRCs. CRC cases were evaluated for Nav1.5 expression. Elevated Nav1.5 expression was associated with poor prognosis in CRCs, whereas stage II/III patients with upregulated SCN5A expression could have better survival after receiving 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. In CRC cells, SCN5A knockdown reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion. According to RNA sequencing, SCN5A knockdown inhibited both the cell cycle and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In addition, Nav1.5 stabilized the KRas-calmodulin complex to modulate Ras signaling, promoting Ca2+ influx through the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger and Ca2+ release-activated calcium channel. Meanwhile, SCN5A knockdown increased the 50% inhibitory concentration to 5-FU by upregulating 5-FU-stimulated apoptosis in CRCs. In conclusion, Nav1.5 could progress to proliferation and metastasis through Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent Ras signaling in CRC, and it could also enhance 5-FU-stimulated apoptosis. Clinically, patients with stage II/III CRCs with elevated SCN5A expression demonstrated poor prognosis, yet those patients could benefit more from 5-FU-based chemotherapy than patients with lower SCN5A expression.
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21
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Verhoog QP, Holtman L, Aronica E, van Vliet EA. Astrocytes as Guardians of Neuronal Excitability: Mechanisms Underlying Epileptogenesis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:591690. [PMID: 33324329 PMCID: PMC7726323 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.591690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are key homeostatic regulators in the central nervous system and play important roles in physiology. After brain damage caused by e.g., status epilepticus, traumatic brain injury, or stroke, astrocytes may adopt a reactive phenotype. This process of reactive astrogliosis is important to restore brain homeostasis. However, persistent reactive astrogliosis can be detrimental for the brain and contributes to the development of epilepsy. In this review, we will focus on physiological functions of astrocytes in the normal brain as well as pathophysiological functions in the epileptogenic brain, with a focus on acquired epilepsy. We will discuss the role of astrocyte-related processes in epileptogenesis, including reactive astrogliosis, disturbances in energy supply and metabolism, gliotransmission, and extracellular ion concentrations, as well as blood-brain barrier dysfunction and dysregulation of blood flow. Since dysfunction of astrocytes can contribute to epilepsy, we will also discuss their role as potential targets for new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quirijn P. Verhoog
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Neuropathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Linda Holtman
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of Neuropathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, Netherlands
| | - Erwin A. van Vliet
- Department of Neuropathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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22
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Verkhratsky A, Semyanov A, Zorec R. Physiology of Astroglial Excitability. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2020; 1:zqaa016. [PMID: 35330636 PMCID: PMC8788756 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Classic physiology divides all neural cells into excitable neurons and nonexcitable neuroglia. Neuroglial cells, chiefly responsible for homeostasis and defense of the nervous tissue, coordinate their complex homeostatic responses with neuronal activity. This coordination reflects a specific form of glial excitability mediated by complex changes in intracellular concentration of ions and second messengers organized in both space and time. Astrocytes are equipped with multiple molecular cascades, which are central for regulating homeostasis of neurotransmitters, ionostasis, synaptic connectivity, and metabolic support of the central nervous system. Astrocytes are further provisioned with multiple receptors for neurotransmitters and neurohormones, which upon activation trigger intracellular signals mediated by Ca2+, Na+, and cyclic AMP. Calcium signals have distinct organization and underlying mechanisms in different astrocytic compartments thus allowing complex spatiotemporal signaling. Signals mediated by fluctuations in cytosolic Na+ are instrumental for coordination of Na+ dependent astrocytic transporters with tissue state and homeostatic demands. Astroglial ionic excitability may also involve K+, H+, and Cl-. The cyclic AMP signalling system is, in comparison to ions, much slower in targeting astroglial effector mechanisms. This evidence review summarizes the concept of astroglial intracellular excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK,Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, Ikerbasque, 48011 Bilbao, Spain,Address correspondence to A.V. (e-mail: )
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia,Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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23
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Endocytic regulation of cellular ion homeostasis controls lysosome biogenesis. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:815-827. [PMID: 32601373 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes serve as cellular degradation and signalling centres that coordinate metabolism in response to intracellular cues and extracellular signals. Lysosomal capacity is adapted to cellular needs by transcription factors, such as TFEB and TFE3, which activate the expression of lysosomal and autophagy genes. Nuclear translocation and activation of TFEB are induced by a variety of conditions such as starvation, lysosome stress and lysosomal storage disorders. How these various cues are integrated remains incompletely understood. Here, we describe a pathway initiated at the plasma membrane that controls lysosome biogenesis via the endocytic regulation of intracellular ion homeostasis. This pathway is based on the exo-endocytosis of NHE7, a Na+/H+ exchanger mutated in X-linked intellectual disability, and serves to control intracellular ion homeostasis and thereby Ca2+/calcineurin-mediated activation of TFEB and downstream lysosome biogenesis in response to osmotic stress to promote the turnover of toxic proteins and cell survival.
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24
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Yang M, James AD, Suman R, Kasprowicz R, Nelson M, O'Toole PJ, Brackenbury WJ. Voltage-dependent activation of Rac1 by Na v 1.5 channels promotes cell migration. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:3950-3972. [PMID: 31612502 PMCID: PMC6973152 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels can regulate the plasma membrane potential (Vm ) and cell migration as a result of altered ion flux. However, the mechanism by which Vm regulates motility remains unclear. Here, we show that the Nav 1.5 sodium channel carries persistent inward Na+ current which depolarizes the resting Vm at the timescale of minutes. This Nav 1.5-dependent Vm depolarization increases Rac1 colocalization with phosphatidylserine, to which it is anchored at the leading edge of migrating cells, promoting Rac1 activation. A genetically encoded FRET biosensor of Rac1 activation shows that depolarization-induced Rac1 activation results in acquisition of a motile phenotype. By identifying Nav 1.5-mediated Vm depolarization as a regulator of Rac1 activation, we link ionic and electrical signaling at the plasma membrane to small GTPase-dependent cytoskeletal reorganization and cellular migration. We uncover a novel and unexpected mechanism for Rac1 activation, which fine tunes cell migration in response to ionic and/or electric field changes in the local microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Andrew D. James
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Rakesh Suman
- Phase Focus Ltd, Electric WorksSheffield Digital CampusSheffieldUK
| | | | - Michaela Nelson
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Peter J. O'Toole
- Bioscience Technology Facility, Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - William J. Brackenbury
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
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25
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Deletion of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Astrocytes during Demyelination Reduces Brain Inflammation and Promotes Myelin Regeneration in Mice. J Neurosci 2020; 40:3332-3347. [PMID: 32169969 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1644-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether Cav1.2 voltage-gated Ca2+ channels contribute to astrocyte activation, we generated an inducible conditional knock-out mouse in which the Cav1.2 α subunit was deleted in GFAP-positive astrocytes. This astrocytic Cav1.2 knock-out mouse was tested in the cuprizone model of myelin injury and repair which causes astrocyte and microglia activation in the absence of a lymphocytic response. Deletion of Cav1.2 channels in GFAP-positive astrocytes during cuprizone-induced demyelination leads to a significant reduction in the degree of astrocyte and microglia activation and proliferation in mice of either sex. Concomitantly, the production of proinflammatory factors such as TNFα, IL1β and TGFβ1 was significantly decreased in the corpus callosum and cortex of Cav1.2 knock-out mice through demyelination. Furthermore, this mild inflammatory environment promotes oligodendrocyte progenitor cells maturation and myelin regeneration across the remyelination phase of the cuprizone model. Similar results were found in animals treated with nimodipine, a Cav1.2 Ca2+ channel inhibitor with high affinity to the CNS. Mice of either sex injected with nimodipine during the demyelination stage of the cuprizone treatment displayed a reduced number of reactive astrocytes and showed a faster and more efficient brain remyelination. Together, these results indicate that Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels play a crucial role in the induction and proliferation of reactive astrocytes during demyelination; and that attenuation of astrocytic voltage-gated Ca2+ influx may be an effective therapy to reduce brain inflammation and promote myelin recovery in demyelinating diseases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Reducing voltage-gated Ca2+ influx in astrocytes during brain demyelination significantly attenuates brain inflammation and astrocyte reactivity. Furthermore, these changes promote myelin restoration and oligodendrocyte maturation throughout remyelination.
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26
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Pignataro G, Brancaccio P, Laudati G, Valsecchi V, Anzilotti S, Casamassa A, Cuomo O, Vinciguerra A. Sodium/calcium exchanger as main effector of endogenous neuroprotection elicited by ischemic tolerance. Cell Calcium 2020; 87:102183. [PMID: 32120196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ischemic tolerance (IT) paradigm represents a fundamental cell response to certain types or injury able to render an organ more "tolerant" to a subsequent, stronger, insult. During the 16th century, the toxicologist Paracelsus described for the first time the possibility that a noxious event might determine a state of tolerance. This finding was summarized in one of his most important mentions: "The dose makes the poison". In more recent years, ischemic tolerance in the brain was first described in 1991, when it was demonstrated by Kirino and collaborators that two minutes of subthreshold brain ischemia in gerbils produced tolerance against global brain ischemia. Based on the time in which the conditioning stimulus is applied, it is possible to define preconditioning, perconditioning and postconditioning, when the subthreshold insult is applied before, during or after the ischemic event, respectively. Furthermore, depending on the temporal delay from the ischemic event, two different modalities are distinguished: rapid or delayed preconditioning and postconditioning. Finally, the circumstance in which the conditioning stimulus is applied on an organ distant from the brain is referred as remote conditioning. Over the years the "conditioning" paradigm has been applied to several brain disorders and a number of molecular mechanisms taking part to these protective processes have been described. The mechanisms are usually classified in three distinct categories identified as triggers, mediators and effectors. As concerns the putative effectors, it has been hypothesized that brain cells appear to have the ability to adapt to hypoxia by reducing their energy demand through modulation of ion channels and transporters, which delays anoxic depolarization. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the role played by plasmamembrane proteins able to control ionic homeostasis in mediating protection elicited by brain conditioning, particular attention will be deserved to the role played by Na+/Ca2+ exchanger.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - P Brancaccio
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - G Laudati
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - V Valsecchi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - A Casamassa
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - O Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - A Vinciguerra
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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27
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Rose CR, Ziemens D, Verkhratsky A. On the special role of NCX in astrocytes: Translating Na +-transients into intracellular Ca 2+ signals. Cell Calcium 2019; 86:102154. [PMID: 31901681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
As a solute carrier electrogenic transporter, the sodium/calcium exchanger (NCX1-3/SLC8A1-A3) links the trans-plasmalemmal gradients of sodium and calcium ions (Na+, Ca2+) to the membrane potential of astrocytes. Classically, NCX is considered to serve the export of Ca2+ at the expense of the Na+ gradient, defined as a "forward mode" operation. Forward mode NCX activity contributes to Ca2+ extrusion and thus to the recovery from intracellular Ca2+ signals in astrocytes. The reversal potential of the NCX, owing to its transport stoichiometry of 3 Na+ to 1 Ca2+, is, however, close to the astrocytes' membrane potential and hence even small elevations in the astrocytic Na+ concentration or minor depolarisations switch it into the "reverse mode" (Ca2+ import/Na+ export). Notably, transient Na+ elevations in the millimolar range are induced by uptake of glutamate or GABA into astrocytes and/or by the opening of Na+-permeable ion channels in response to neuronal activity. Activity-related Na+ transients result in NCX reversal, which mediates Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space, thereby generating astrocyte Ca2+ signalling independent from InsP3-mediated release from intracellular stores. Under pathological conditions, reverse NCX promotes cytosolic Ca2+ overload, while dampening Na+ elevations of astrocytes. This review provides an overview on our current knowledge about this fascinating transporter and its special functional role in astrocytes. We shall delineate that Na+-driven, reverse NCX-mediated astrocyte Ca2+ signals are involved neurone-glia interaction. Na+ transients, translated by the NCX into Ca2+ elevations, thereby emerge as a new signalling pathway in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Rose
- Institute of Neurobiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Daniel Ziemens
- Institute of Neurobiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK; Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain
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28
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Verkhratsky A, Rose CR. Na +-dependent transporters: The backbone of astroglial homeostatic function. Cell Calcium 2019; 85:102136. [PMID: 31835178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the principal homeostatic cells of the central nerves system (CNS) that support the CNS function at all levels of organisation, from molecular to organ. Several fundamental homeostatic functions of astrocytes are mediated through plasmalemmal pumps and transporters; most of which are also regulated by the transplasmalemmal gradient of Na+ ions. Neuronal activity as well as mechanical or chemical stimulation of astrocytes trigger plasmalemmal Na+ fluxes, which in turn generate spatio-temporally organised transient changes in the cytosolic Na+ concentration, which represent the substrate of astroglial Na+ signalling. Astroglial Na+ signals link and coordinate neuronal activity and CNS homeostatic demands with the astroglial homeostatic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK; Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Christine R Rose
- Institute of Neurobiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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29
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Leslie TK, James AD, Zaccagna F, Grist JT, Deen S, Kennerley A, Riemer F, Kaggie JD, Gallagher FA, Gilbert FJ, Brackenbury WJ. Sodium homeostasis in the tumour microenvironment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:188304. [PMID: 31348974 PMCID: PMC7115894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The concentration of sodium ions (Na+) is raised in solid tumours and can be measured at the cellular, tissue and patient levels. At the cellular level, the Na+ gradient across the membrane powers the transport of H+ ions and essential nutrients for normal activity. The maintenance of the Na+ gradient requires a large proportion of the cell's ATP. Na+ is a major contributor to the osmolarity of the tumour microenvironment, which affects cell volume and metabolism as well as immune function. Here, we review evidence indicating that Na+ handling is altered in tumours, explore our current understanding of the mechanisms that may underlie these alterations and consider the potential consequences for cancer progression. Dysregulated Na+ balance in tumours may open opportunities for new imaging biomarkers and re-purposing of drugs for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa K Leslie
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Andrew D James
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Fulvio Zaccagna
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James T Grist
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Surrin Deen
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Aneurin Kennerley
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Frank Riemer
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Joshua D Kaggie
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fiona J Gilbert
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - William J Brackenbury
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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30
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Gerkau NJ, Rakers C, Durry S, Petzold GC, Rose CR. Reverse NCX Attenuates Cellular Sodium Loading in Metabolically Compromised Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:4264-4280. [PMID: 29136153 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In core regions of ischemic stroke, disruption of blood flow causes breakdown of ionic gradients and, ultimately, calcium overload and cell death. In the surrounding penumbra, cells may recover upon reperfusion, but recovery is hampered by additional metabolic demands imposed by peri-infarct depolarizations (PIDs). There is evidence that sodium influx drives PIDs, but no data exist on PID-related sodium accumulations in vivo. Here, we found that PIDs in mouse neocortex are associated with propagating sodium elevations in neurons and astrocytes. Similar transient sodium elevations were induced in acute tissue slices by brief chemical ischemia. Blocking NMDA-receptors dampened sodium and accompanying calcium loads of neurons in tissue slices, while inhibiting glutamate transport diminished sodium influx into astrocytes, but amplified neuronal sodium loads. In both cell types, inhibition of sodium/calcium exchange (NCX) increased sodium transients. Blocking NCX also significantly reduced calcium transients, a result confirmed in vivo. Our study provides the first quantitative data on sodium elevations in peri-infarct regions in vivo. They suggest that sodium influx drives reversal of NCX, triggering a massive secondary calcium elevation while promoting export of sodium. Reported neuroprotective effects of NCX activity in stroke models might thus be related to its dampening of ischemia-induced sodium loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas J Gerkau
- Institute of Neurobiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Cordula Rakers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simone Durry
- Institute of Neurobiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Gabor C Petzold
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine R Rose
- Institute of Neurobiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Verkhratsky A, Parpura V, Vardjan N, Zorec R. Physiology of Astroglia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1175:45-91. [PMID: 31583584 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9913-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are principal cells responsible for maintaining the brain homeostasis. Additionally, these glial cells are also involved in homocellular (astrocyte-astrocyte) and heterocellular (astrocyte-other cell types) signalling and metabolism. These astroglial functions require an expression of the assortment of molecules, be that transporters or pumps, to maintain ion concentration gradients across the plasmalemma and the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Astrocytes sense and balance their neurochemical environment via variety of transmitter receptors and transporters. As they are electrically non-excitable, astrocytes display intracellular calcium and sodium fluctuations, which are not only used for operative signalling but can also affect metabolism. In this chapter we discuss the molecules that achieve ionic gradients and underlie astrocyte signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. .,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Sodium Channel Nav1.3 Is Expressed by Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils during Mouse Heart and Kidney Ischemia In Vivo and Regulates Adhesion, Transmigration, and Chemotaxis of Human and Mouse Neutrophils In Vitro. Anesthesiology 2019; 128:1151-1166. [PMID: 29509584 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000002135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voltage-gated sodium channels generate action potentials in excitable cells, but they have also been attributed noncanonical roles in nonexcitable cells. We hypothesize that voltage-gated sodium channels play a functional role during extravasation of neutrophils. METHODS Expression of voltage-gated sodium channels was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Distribution of Nav1.3 was determined by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry in mouse models of ischemic heart and kidney injury. Adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis of neutrophils to endothelial cells and collagen were investigated with voltage-gated sodium channel inhibitors and lidocaine in vitro. Sodium currents were examined with a whole cell patch clamp. RESULTS Mouse and human neutrophils express multiple voltage-gated sodium channels. Only Nav1.3 was detected in neutrophils recruited to ischemic mouse heart (25 ± 7%, n = 14) and kidney (19 ± 2%, n = 6) in vivo. Endothelial adhesion of mouse neutrophils was reduced by tetrodotoxin (56 ± 9%, unselective Nav-inhibitor), ICA121431 (53 ± 10%), and Pterinotoxin-2 (55 ± 9%; preferential inhibitors of Nav1.3, n = 10). Tetrodotoxin (56 ± 19%), ICA121431 (62 ± 22%), and Pterinotoxin-2 (59 ± 22%) reduced transmigration of human neutrophils through endothelial cells, and also prevented chemotactic migration (n = 60, 3 × 20 cells). Lidocaine reduced neutrophil adhesion to 60 ± 9% (n = 10) and transmigration to 54 ± 8% (n = 9). The effect of lidocaine was not increased by ICA121431 or Pterinotoxin-2. CONCLUSIONS Nav1.3 is expressed in neutrophils in vivo; regulates attachment, transmigration, and chemotaxis in vitro; and may serve as a relevant target for antiinflammatory effects of lidocaine.
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Song S, Luo L, Sun B, Sun D. Roles of glial ion transporters in brain diseases. Glia 2019; 68:472-494. [PMID: 31418931 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glial ion transporters are important in regulation of ionic homeostasis, cell volume, and cellular signal transduction under physiological conditions of the central nervous system (CNS). In response to acute or chronic brain injuries, these ion transporters can be activated and differentially regulate glial functions, which has subsequent impact on brain injury or tissue repair and functional recovery. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about major glial ion transporters, including Na+ /H+ exchangers (NHE), Na+ /Ca2+ exchangers (NCX), Na+ -K+ -Cl- cotransporters (NKCC), and Na+ -HCO3 - cotransporters (NBC). In acute neurological diseases, such as ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI), these ion transporters are rapidly activated and play significant roles in regulation of the intra- and extracellular pH, Na+ , K+ , and Ca2+ homeostasis, synaptic plasticity, and myelin formation. However, overstimulation of these ion transporters can contribute to glial apoptosis, demyelination, inflammation, and excitotoxicity. In chronic brain diseases, such as glioma, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), glial ion transporters are involved in the glioma Warburg effect, glial activation, neuroinflammation, and neuronal damages. These findings suggest that glial ion transporters are involved in tissue structural and functional restoration, or brain injury and neurological disease development and progression. A better understanding of these ion transporters in acute and chronic neurological diseases will provide insights for their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Song
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lanxin Luo
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baoshan Sun
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Pólo Dois Portos, Instituto National de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Hu HJ, Wang SS, Wang YX, Liu Y, Feng XM, Shen Y, Zhu L, Chen HZ, Song M. Blockade of the forward Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger suppresses the growth of glioblastoma cells through Ca 2+ -mediated cell death. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2691-2707. [PMID: 31034096 PMCID: PMC6609550 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) working in either forward or reverse mode participates in maintaining intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) homeostasis, which is essential for determining cell fate. Previously, numerous blockers targeting reverse or forward NCX have been developed and studied in ischaemic tissue injury but barely examined in glioblastoma for the purpose of anti‐tumour therapy. We assessed the effect of NCX blockers on glioblastoma growth and whether NCX can become a therapeutic target. Experimental Approach Patch‐clamp recording, Ca2+ imaging, flow cytometry, and Western blot were used to study the effects of specific and non‐specific NCX blockers on cultured glioblastoma cells. In vivo bioluminescent imaging was used to measure effects on grafted glioblastoma. Key Results Selectively blocking the reverse NCX with SEA0400, SN‐6, and YM‐244769 did not affect tumour cell viability. Blocking the forward NCX with bepridil, CB‐DMB, or KB‐R7943 elevated [Ca2+]i and killed glioblastoma cells. Bepridil and CB‐DMB caused Ca2+‐dependent cell cycle arrest together with apoptosis, which were all attenuated by a Ca2+ chelator BAPTA‐AM. Systemic administration of bepridil inhibited growth of brain‐grafted glioblastoma. Bepridil did not appear to have a cytotoxic effect on human astrocytes, which have higher functional expression of NCX than glioblastoma cells. Conclusions and Implications Low expression of the NCX makes glioblastoma cells sensitive to disturbance of [Ca2+]i. Interventions designed to block the forward NCX can cause Ca2+‐mediated injury to glioblastoma thus having therapeutic potential. Bepridil could be a lead compound for developing new anti‐tumour drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jie Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Xia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Mei Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingke Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhou LY, Tian ZR, Yao M, Chen XQ, Song YJ, Ye J, Yi NX, Cui XJ, Wang YJ. Riluzole promotes neurological function recovery and inhibits damage extension in rats following spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis and systematic review. J Neurochem 2019; 150:6-27. [PMID: 30786027 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that has few treatment options. Riluzole, a sodium channel blocker used to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, has been initially trialed in human SCI. We performed a systematic review to critically assess the efficacy of riluzole in locomotor recovery and damage extension in SCI rat models, and the potential for clinical translation. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese databases were searched from their inception date to March 2018. Two reviewers independently selected animal studies that evaluated neurological recovery and lesion area following riluzole treatment in SCI rat models, extracted data and assessed methodological quality. Pairwise meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and network meta-analysis were performed to assess the effects of riluzole on SCI. Ten eligible studies were included. Two studies had high methodological quality. Overall, the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores were increased in riluzole-treated animals versus controls, and effect sizes showed a gradual increase from the 1st (five studies, n = 104, mean difference = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.11 to 2.37, p = 0.03) to 6th week after treatment (five studies, n = 120, mean difference = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.26 to 3.42, p < 0.0001). Riluzole was associated with improved outcomes in the inclined plane test and the tissue preservation area. Subgroup analyses suggested an association of locomotor recovery with riluzole dose. Network meta-analysis showed that 5 mg/kg riluzole exhibited greater protection than 2.5 and 8 mg/kg riluzole. Collectively, this review suggests that riluzole has a protective effect on SCI, with good safety and a clear mechanism of action and may be suitable for future clinical trials or applications. However, animal results should be interpreted with caution given the known limitations in animal experimental design and methodological quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Yun Zhou
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Rehabilitation Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Rui Tian
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yao
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Qing Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Jia Song
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ye
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan-Xing Yi
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Jun Cui
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Pappalardo LW, Samad OA, Liu S, Zwinger PJ, Black JA, Waxman SG. Nav1.5 in astrocytes plays a sex-specific role in clinical outcomes in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Glia 2018; 66:2174-2187. [PMID: 30194875 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astrogliosis is a hallmark of neuroinflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). A detailed understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms governing astrogliosis might facilitate the development of therapeutic targets. We investigated whether Nav1.5 expression in astrocytes plays a role in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS. We created a conditional knockout of Nav1.5 in astrocytes and determined whether this affects the clinical course of EAE, focal macrophage and T cell infiltration, and diffuse activation of astrocytes. We show that deletion of Nav1.5 from astrocytes leads to significantly worsened clinical outcomes in EAE, with increased inflammatory infiltrate in both early and late stages of disease, unexpectedly, in a sex-specific manner. Removal of Nav1.5 in astrocytes leads to increased inflammation in female mice with EAE, including increased astroglial response and infiltration of T cells and phagocytic monocytes. These cellular changes are consistent with more severe EAE clinical scores. Additionally, we found evidence suggesting possible dysregulation of the immune response-particularly with regard to infiltrating macrophages and activated microglia-in female Nav1.5 KO mice compared with WT littermate controls. Together, our results show that deletion of Nav1.5 from astrocytes leads to significantly worsened clinical outcomes in EAE, with increased inflammatory infiltrate in both early and late stages of disease, in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura W Pappalardo
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516
| | - Omar A Samad
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516
| | - Shujun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516
| | - Pamela J Zwinger
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516
| | - Joel A Black
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516
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Smith RS, Kenny CJ, Ganesh V, Jang A, Borges-Monroy R, Partlow JN, Hill RS, Shin T, Chen AY, Doan RN, Anttonen AK, Ignatius J, Medne L, Bönnemann CG, Hecht JL, Salonen O, Barkovich AJ, Poduri A, Wilke M, de Wit MCY, Mancini GMS, Sztriha L, Im K, Amrom D, Andermann E, Paetau R, Lehesjoki AE, Walsh CA, Lehtinen MK. Sodium Channel SCN3A (Na V1.3) Regulation of Human Cerebral Cortical Folding and Oral Motor Development. Neuron 2018; 99:905-913.e7. [PMID: 30146301 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Channelopathies are disorders caused by abnormal ion channel function in differentiated excitable tissues. We discovered a unique neurodevelopmental channelopathy resulting from pathogenic variants in SCN3A, a gene encoding the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.3. Pathogenic NaV1.3 channels showed altered biophysical properties including increased persistent current. Remarkably, affected individuals showed disrupted folding (polymicrogyria) of the perisylvian cortex of the brain but did not typically exhibit epilepsy; they presented with prominent speech and oral motor dysfunction, implicating SCN3A in prenatal development of human cortical language areas. The development of this disorder parallels SCN3A expression, which we observed to be highest early in fetal cortical development in progenitor cells of the outer subventricular zone and cortical plate neurons and decreased postnatally, when SCN1A (NaV1.1) expression increased. Disrupted cerebral cortical folding and neuronal migration were recapitulated in ferrets expressing the mutant channel, underscoring the unexpected role of SCN3A in progenitor cells and migrating neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Smith
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Connor J Kenny
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vijay Ganesh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ahram Jang
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebeca Borges-Monroy
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer N Partlow
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - R Sean Hill
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Taehwan Shin
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Allen Y Chen
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryan N Doan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna-Kaisa Anttonen
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Medical and Clinical Genetics, Neuroscience Center and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, 00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Ignatius
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20521, Finland
| | - Livija Medne
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan L Hecht
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Oili Salonen
- Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A James Barkovich
- Benioff Children's Hospital, Departments of Radiology, Pediatrics, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martina Wilke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam 3015CN, Netherlands
| | - Marie Claire Y de Wit
- Neurogenetics Joint Clinic in Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC Rotterdam 3015CN, Netherlands
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam 3015CN, Netherlands
| | - Laszlo Sztriha
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kiho Im
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dina Amrom
- Neurogenetics Unit and Epilepsy Research Group, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital; and the Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Eva Andermann
- Neurogenetics Unit and Epilepsy Research Group, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital; and the Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Ritva Paetau
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Elina Lehesjoki
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Medical and Clinical Genetics, Neuroscience Center and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, 00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Li W, Liu J, Chen JR, Zhu YM, Gao X, Ni Y, Lin B, Li H, Qiao SG, Wang C, Zhang HL, Ao GZ. Neuroprotective Effects of DTIO, A Novel Analog of Nec-1, in Acute and Chronic Stages After Ischemic Stroke. Neuroscience 2018; 390:12-29. [PMID: 30076999 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein 1 kinase (RIP1K) plays a key role in necroptosis. Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), a specific inhibitor of RIP1K, provides neuroprotection against ischemic brain injury, associating with inhibition of inflammation. Recently, our group synthesized a novel analog of Nec-1, 5-(3',5'-dimethoxybenzal)-2-thio-imidazole-4-ketone (DTIO). The present study investigated the effect of DTIO on ischemic stroke-induced brain injury in both acute and chronic phase and its underlying mechanism. In vivo, DTIO treatment reduced infarct volume and improved neurological deficits in the acute phase after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) and it also attenuated brain atrophy and promoted brain functional recovery in the chronic phase post-cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In vitro, DTIO treatment decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and necrotic cell death in the oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) or oxygen and glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced neuronal or astrocytic cell injury. Simultaneously, DTIO suppressed the production and release of inflammatory cytokines, and reduced the formation of glial scar. Homology modeling analysis illustrated that DTIO had an ability of binding to RIP1K. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation analysis showed that DTIO inhibited the phosphorylation of RIP1K and decreased the interaction between the RIP1K and RIP3K. In addition, knockdown of RIP1K had neuroprotective effects and inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokines, but didn't have a significant effect on DTIO-mediated neuroprotection. In conclusion, DTIO has protective effects on acute ischemic stroke and promotes functional recovery during chronic phase, associating with protecting ischemic neurons and astrocytes, inhibiting inflammation, and lessening the glial scar formation via inhibiting of the RIP1K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jie-Ru Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yong-Ming Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yong Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Bo Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Huanqiu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shi-Gang Qiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215153, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215153, China
| | - Hui-Ling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Gui-Zhen Ao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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39
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Abstract
Astrocytes, the neural homeostatic cells, play a key role in the information processing in the central nervous system. They express multiple receptors which respond to a number of chemical messengers and get excited as evidenced by an increase in second messengers in short and delayed time domains. Astrocytes secrete numerous neuroactive agents and mount various homeostatic responses. These signal integrating functions are key factors of neuropathology (better termed astroneuropathology): they provide for neuroprotection through both homeostatic support and astroglial reactivity; failure in astroglial defensive or supporting capabilities facilitates evolution of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain; Celica, BIOMEDICAL, Technology Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Robert Zorec
- University of Ljubljana, Institute of Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Zaloška cesta 4, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Celica, BIOMEDICAL, Technology Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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40
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Abnormal changes in voltage-gated sodium channels subtypes Na V 1.1, Na V 1.2, Na V 1.3, Na V 1.6 and CaM/CaMKII pathway in low-grade astrocytoma. Neurosci Lett 2018; 674:148-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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41
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Bode K, O'Halloran DM. NCX-DB: a unified resource for integrative analysis of the sodium calcium exchanger super-family. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:19. [PMID: 29649983 PMCID: PMC5898058 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Na+/Ca2+ exchangers are low-affinity high-capacity transporters that mediate Ca2+ extrusion by coupling Ca2+ efflux to the influx of Na+ ions. The Na+/Ca2+ exchangers form a super-family comprised of three branches each differing in ion-substrate selectivity: Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCX), Na+/Ca2+/K+ exchangers, and Ca2+/cation exchangers. Their primary function is to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis and play a particularly important role in excitable cells that experience transient Ca2+ fluxes. Research into the role and activity of Na+/Ca2+ exchangers has focused extensively on the cardio-vascular system, however, growing evidence suggests that Na+/Ca2+ exchangers play a key role in neuronal processes such as memory formation, learning, oligodendrocyte differentiation, neuroprotection during brain ischemia and axon guidance. They have also been implicated in pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis and Epilepsy, however, a clear understanding of their mechanism during disease is lacking. To date, there has never been a central resource or database for Na+/Ca2+ exchangers. With clear disease relevance and ever-increasing research on Na+/Ca2+ exchangers from both model and non-model species, a database that unifies the data on Na+/Ca2+ exchangers is needed for future research. NCX-DB is a publicly available database with a web interface that enables users to explore various Na+/Ca2+ exchangers, perform cross-species sequence comparison, identify new exchangers, and stay-up to date with recent literature. NCX-DB is available on the web via an interactive user interface with an intuitive design, which is applicable for the identification and comparison of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger proteins across diverse species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Bode
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 6000, 800 22nd St. N.W., Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, 636A Ross Hall, 2300 I St. N.W., Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Damien M O'Halloran
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 6000, 800 22nd St. N.W., Washington, DC, 20052, USA. .,Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, 636A Ross Hall, 2300 I St. N.W., Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
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42
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Abstract
Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in morphological appearance; they express a multitude of receptors, channels, and membrane transporters. This complement underlies their remarkable adaptive plasticity that defines the functional maintenance of the CNS in development and aging. Astrocytes are tightly integrated into neural networks and act within the context of neural tissue; astrocytes control homeostasis of the CNS at all levels of organization from molecular to the whole organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
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43
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Verkhratsky A, Nedergaard M. Physiology of Astroglia. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:239-389. [PMID: 29351512 PMCID: PMC6050349 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 942] [Impact Index Per Article: 157.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in morphological appearance; they express a multitude of receptors, channels, and membrane transporters. This complement underlies their remarkable adaptive plasticity that defines the functional maintenance of the CNS in development and aging. Astrocytes are tightly integrated into neural networks and act within the context of neural tissue; astrocytes control homeostasis of the CNS at all levels of organization from molecular to the whole organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
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44
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Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a key role for tissue energy failure in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a commonly used model of MS, have been instrumental in illuminating the mechanisms that may be involved in compromising energy production. In this article, we review recent advances in EAE research focussing on factors that conspire to impair tissue energy metabolism, such as tissue hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction, production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, and sodium dysregulation, which are directly affected by energy insufficiency, and promote cellular damage. A greater understanding of how inflammation affects tissue energy balance may lead to novel and effective therapeutic strategies that ultimately will benefit not only people affected by MS but also people affected by the wide range of other neurological disorders in which neuroinflammation plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni A Desai
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kenneth J Smith
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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45
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Neuronal hyperexcitability in a mouse model of SCN8A epileptic encephalopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:2383-2388. [PMID: 28193882 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616821114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) experience severe seizures and cognitive impairment and are at increased risk for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). EIEE13 [Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) # 614558] is caused by de novo missense mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene SCN8A Here, we investigated the neuronal phenotype of a mouse model expressing the gain-of-function SCN8A patient mutation, p.Asn1768Asp (Nav1.6-N1768D). Our results revealed regional and neuronal subtype specificity in the effects of the N1768D mutation. Acutely dissociated hippocampal neurons from Scn8aN1768D/+ mice showed increases in persistent sodium current (INa) density in CA1 pyramidal but not bipolar neurons. In CA3, INa,P was increased in both bipolar and pyramidal neurons. Measurement of action potential (AP) firing in Scn8aN1768D/+ pyramidal neurons in brain slices revealed early afterdepolarization (EAD)-like AP waveforms in CA1 but not in CA3 hippocampal or layer II/III neocortical neurons. The maximum spike frequency evoked by depolarizing current injections in Scn8aN1768D/+ CA1, but not CA3 or neocortical, pyramidal cells was significantly reduced compared with WT. Spontaneous firing was observed in subsets of neurons in CA1 and CA3, but not in the neocortex. The EAD-like waveforms of Scn8aN1768D/+ CA1 hippocampal neurons were blocked by tetrodotoxin, riluzole, and SN-6, implicating elevated persistent INa and reverse mode Na/Ca exchange in the mechanism of hyperexcitability. Our results demonstrate that Scn8a plays a vital role in neuronal excitability and provide insight into the mechanism and future treatment of epileptogenesis in EIEE13.
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46
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Zostawa J, Adamczyk J, Sowa P, Adamczyk-Sowa M. The influence of sodium on pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2017; 38:389-398. [PMID: 28078565 PMCID: PMC5331099 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-016-2802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, and is an important cause of disability in young adults. In genetically susceptible individuals, several environmental factors may play a partial role in the pathogenesis of MS. Some studies suggests that high-salt diet (>5 g/day) may contribute to the MS and other autoimmune disease development through the induction of pathogenic Th17 cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines in both humans and mice. However, the precise mechanisms of pro-inflammatory effect of sodium chloride intake are not yet explained. The purpose of this review was to discuss the present state of knowledge on the potential role of environmental and dietary factors, particularly sodium chloride on the development and course of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zostawa
- Department of Neurology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, ul. 3-go Maja 13-15, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jowita Adamczyk
- Department of Neurology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, ul. 3-go Maja 13-15, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Paweł Sowa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Medical University of Silesia, ul. C. Skłodowskiej 10, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Monika Adamczyk-Sowa
- Department of Neurology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, ul. 3-go Maja 13-15, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
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47
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Boscia F, Begum G, Pignataro G, Sirabella R, Cuomo O, Casamassa A, Sun D, Annunziato L. Glial Na(+) -dependent ion transporters in pathophysiological conditions. Glia 2016; 64:1677-97. [PMID: 27458821 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sodium dynamics are essential for regulating functional processes in glial cells. Indeed, glial Na(+) signaling influences and regulates important glial activities, and plays a role in neuron-glia interaction under physiological conditions or in response to injury of the central nervous system (CNS). Emerging studies indicate that Na(+) pumps and Na(+) -dependent ion transporters in astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes regulate Na(+) homeostasis and play a fundamental role in modulating glial activities in neurological diseases. In this review, we first briefly introduced the emerging roles of each glial cell type in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and myelin diseases. Then, we discussed the current knowledge on the main roles played by the different glial Na(+) -dependent ion transporters, including Na(+) /K(+) ATPase, Na(+) /Ca(2+) exchangers, Na(+) /H(+) exchangers, Na(+) -K(+) -Cl(-) cotransporters, and Na(+) - HCO3- cotransporter in the pathophysiology of the diverse CNS diseases. We highlighted their contributions in cell survival, synaptic pathology, gliotransmission, pH homeostasis, and their role in glial activation, migration, gliosis, inflammation, and tissue repair processes. Therefore, this review summarizes the foundation work for targeting Na(+) -dependent ion transporters in glia as a novel strategy to control important glial activities associated with Na(+) dynamics in different neurological disorders. GLIA 2016;64:1677-1697.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Boscia
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gulnaz Begum
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School
| | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossana Sirabella
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ornella Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Casamassa
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School.,Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
| | - Lucio Annunziato
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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48
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Cheli VT, Santiago González DA, Smith J, Spreuer V, Murphy GG, Paez PM. L-type voltage-operated calcium channels contribute to astrocyte activation In vitro. Glia 2016; 64:1396-415. [PMID: 27247164 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have found a significant upregulation of L-type voltage-operated Ca(++) channels (VOCCs) in reactive astrocytes. To test if VOCCs are centrally involved in triggering astrocyte reactivity, we used in vitro models of astrocyte activation in combination with pharmacological inhibitors, siRNAs and the Cre/lox system to reduce the activity of L-type VOCCs in primary cortical astrocytes. The endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as high extracellular K(+) , glutamate, and ATP promote astrogliosis in vitro. L-type VOCC inhibitors drastically reduce the number of reactive cells, astrocyte hypertrophy, and cell proliferation after these treatments. Astrocytes transfected with siRNAs for the Cav1.2 subunit that conducts L-type Ca(++) currents as well as Cav1.2 knockout astrocytes showed reduce Ca(++) influx by ∼80% after plasma membrane depolarization. Importantly, Cav1.2 knock-down/out prevents astrocyte activation and proliferation induced by LPS. Similar results were found using the scratch wound assay. After injuring the astrocyte monolayer, cells extend processes toward the cell-free scratch region and subsequently migrate and populate the scratch. We found a significant increase in the activity of L-type VOCCs in reactive astrocytes located in the growing line in comparison to quiescent astrocytes situated away from the scratch. Moreover, the migration of astrocytes from the scratching line as well as the number of proliferating astrocytes was reduced in Cav1.2 knock-down/out cultures. In summary, our results suggest that Cav1.2 L-type VOCCs play a fundamental role in the induction and/or proliferation of reactive astrocytes, and indicate that the inhibition of these Ca(++) channels may be an effective way to prevent astrocyte activation. GLIA 2016. GLIA 2016;64:1396-1415.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica T Cheli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY, University at Buffalo. NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, New York
| | - Diara A Santiago González
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY, University at Buffalo. NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, New York
| | - Jessica Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY, University at Buffalo. NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, New York
| | - Vilma Spreuer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY, University at Buffalo. NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, New York
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- Department of Physiology, Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Pablo M Paez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY, University at Buffalo. NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, New York
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49
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Astroglial glutamate transporters coordinate excitatory signaling and brain energetics. Neurochem Int 2016; 98:56-71. [PMID: 27013346 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, a family of sodium-dependent transporters maintains low extracellular glutamate and shapes excitatory signaling. The bulk of this activity is mediated by the astroglial glutamate transporters GLT-1 and GLAST (also called EAAT2 and EAAT1). In this review, we will discuss evidence that these transporters co-localize with, form physical (co-immunoprecipitable) interactions with, and functionally couple to various 'energy-generating' systems, including the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger, glycogen metabolizing enzymes, glycolytic enzymes, and mitochondria/mitochondrial proteins. This functional coupling is bi-directional with many of these systems both being regulated by glutamate transport and providing the 'fuel' to support glutamate uptake. Given the importance of glutamate uptake to maintaining synaptic signaling and preventing excitotoxicity, it should not be surprising that some of these systems appear to 'redundantly' support the energetic costs of glutamate uptake. Although the glutamate-glutamine cycle contributes to recycling of neurotransmitter pools of glutamate, this is an over-simplification. The ramifications of co-compartmentalization of glutamate transporters with mitochondria for glutamate metabolism are discussed. Energy consumption in the brain accounts for ∼20% of the basal metabolic rate and relies almost exclusively on glucose for the production of ATP. However, the brain does not possess substantial reserves of glucose or other fuels. To ensure adequate energetic supply, increases in neuronal activity are matched by increases in cerebral blood flow via a process known as 'neurovascular coupling'. While the mechanisms for this coupling are not completely resolved, it is generally agreed that astrocytes, with processes that extend to synapses and endfeet that surround blood vessels, mediate at least some of the signal that causes vasodilation. Several studies have shown that either genetic deletion or pharmacologic inhibition of glutamate transport impairs neurovascular coupling. Together these studies strongly suggest that glutamate transport not only coordinates excitatory signaling, but also plays a pivotal role in regulating brain energetics.
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50
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Aldasoro M, Guerra-Ojeda S, Aguirre-Rueda D, Mauricio MD, Vila JM, Marchio P, Iradi A, Aldasoro C, Jorda A, Obrador E, Valles SL. Effects of Ranolazine on Astrocytes and Neurons in Primary Culture. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150619. [PMID: 26950436 PMCID: PMC4780741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ranolazine (Rn) is an antianginal agent used for the treatment of chronic angina pectoris when angina is not adequately controlled by other drugs. Rn also acts in the central nervous system and it has been proposed for the treatment of pain and epileptic disorders. Under the hypothesis that ranolazine could act as a neuroprotective drug, we studied its effects on astrocytes and neurons in primary culture. We incubated rat astrocytes and neurons in primary cultures for 24 hours with Rn (10-7, 10-6 and 10-5 M). Cell viability and proliferation were measured using trypan blue exclusion assay, MTT conversion assay and LDH release assay. Apoptosis was determined by Caspase 3 activity assay. The effects of Rn on pro-inflammatory mediators IL-β and TNF-α was determined by ELISA technique, and protein expression levels of Smac/Diablo, PPAR-γ, Mn-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD by western blot technique. In cultured astrocytes, Rn significantly increased cell viability and proliferation at any concentration tested, and decreased LDH leakage, Smac/Diablo expression and Caspase 3 activity indicating less cell death. Rn also increased anti-inflammatory PPAR-γ protein expression and reduced pro-inflammatory proteins IL-1 β and TNFα levels. Furthermore, antioxidant proteins Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD significantly increased after Rn addition in cultured astrocytes. Conversely, Rn did not exert any effect on cultured neurons. In conclusion, Rn could act as a neuroprotective drug in the central nervous system by promoting astrocyte viability, preventing necrosis and apoptosis, inhibiting inflammatory phenomena and inducing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Aldasoro
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Sol Guerra-Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Jose Mª Vila
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Marchio
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Iradi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Constanza Aldasoro
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrian Jorda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Obrador
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Soraya L. Valles
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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