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Mishra S, Morshed N, Kinoshita C, Stevens B, Jayadev S, Young JE. The Alzheimer's disease gene SORL1 regulates lysosome function in human microglia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.25.600648. [PMID: 38979155 PMCID: PMC11230436 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.25.600648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The SORL1 gene encodes the sortilin related receptor protein SORLA, a sorting receptor that regulates endo-lysosomal trafficking of various substrates. Loss of function variants in SORL1 are causative for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and decreased expression of SORLA has been repeatedly observed in human AD brains. SORL1 is highly expressed by microglia, the tissue resident immune cells of the brain. Loss of SORLA leads to enlarged lysosomes in hiPSC-derived microglia like cells (hMGLs). However, whether SORLA deficiency contributes to microglia dysfunction and how this is relevant to AD is not known. In this study, we show that loss of SORLA results in decreased lysosomal degradation and lysosomal enzyme activity due to altered trafficking of lysosomal enzymes in hMGLs. Furthermore, lysosomal exocytosis, an important process involved in immune responses and cellular signaling, is also impaired in SORL1 deficient microglia. Phagocytic uptake of fibrillar amyloid beta 1-42 and synaptosomes is increased in SORLA deficient hMGLs, but due to reduced lysosomal degradation, these substrates aberrantly accumulate in lysosomes. Overall, these data highlight the microglial endo-lysosomal network as a potential novel pathway through which SORL1 may increase AD risk and contribute to development of AD. Additionally, our findings may inform development of novel lysosome and microglia associated drug targets for AD.
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Bobotis BC, Halvorson T, Carrier M, Tremblay MÈ. Established and emerging techniques for the study of microglia: visualization, depletion, and fate mapping. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1317125. [PMID: 38425429 PMCID: PMC10902073 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1317125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is an essential hub for neuronal communication. As a major component of the CNS, glial cells are vital in the maintenance and regulation of neuronal network dynamics. Research on microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the CNS, has advanced considerably in recent years, and our understanding of their diverse functions continues to grow. Microglia play critical roles in the formation and regulation of neuronal synapses, myelination, responses to injury, neurogenesis, inflammation, and many other physiological processes. In parallel with advances in microglial biology, cutting-edge techniques for the characterization of microglial properties have emerged with increasing depth and precision. Labeling tools and reporter models are important for the study of microglial morphology, ultrastructure, and dynamics, but also for microglial isolation, which is required to glean key phenotypic information through single-cell transcriptomics and other emerging approaches. Strategies for selective microglial depletion and modulation can provide novel insights into microglia-targeted treatment strategies in models of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions, cancer, and autoimmunity. Finally, fate mapping has emerged as an important tool to answer fundamental questions about microglial biology, including their origin, migration, and proliferation throughout the lifetime of an organism. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion of these established and emerging techniques, with applications to the study of microglia in development, homeostasis, and CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Caroline Bobotis
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Torin Halvorson
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
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3
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Raha S, Dutta D, Paidi RK, Pahan K. Lipid-Lowering Drug Gemfibrozil Protects Mice from Tay-Sachs Disease via Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α. Cells 2023; 12:2791. [PMID: 38132111 PMCID: PMC10741479 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is a progressive heritable neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the deficiency of the lysosomal β-hexosaminidase enzyme (Hex-/-) and the storage of GM2 ganglioside, as well as other related glycoconjugates. Along with motor difficulties, TSD patients also manifest a gradual loss of skills and behavioral problems, followed by early death. Unfortunately, there is no cure for TSD; however, research on treatments and therapeutic approaches is ongoing. This study underlines the importance of gemfibrozil (GFB), an FDA-approved lipid-lowering drug, in inhibiting the disease process in a transgenic mouse model of Tay-Sachs. Oral administration of GFB significantly suppressed glial activation and inflammation, while also reducing the accumulation of GM2 gangliosides/glycoconjugates in the motor cortex of Tay-Sachs mice. Furthermore, oral GFB improved behavioral performance and increased the life expectancy of Tay-Sachs mice. While investigating the mechanism, we found that oral administration of GFB increased the level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in the brain of Tay-Sachs mice, and that GFB remained unable to reduce glycoconjugates and improve behavior and survival in Tay-Sachs mice lacking PPARα. Our results indicate a beneficial function of GFB that employs a PPARα-dependent mechanism to halt the progression of TSD and increase longevity in Tay-Sachs mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Raha
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.R.); (D.D.); (R.K.P.)
| | - Debashis Dutta
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.R.); (D.D.); (R.K.P.)
| | - Ramesh K. Paidi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.R.); (D.D.); (R.K.P.)
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.R.); (D.D.); (R.K.P.)
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 South Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Zhang T, Alonzo I, Stubben C, Geng Y, Herdman C, Chandler N, Doane KP, Pluimer BR, Trauger SA, Peterson RT. A zebrafish model of combined saposin deficiency identifies acid sphingomyelinase as a potential therapeutic target. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049995. [PMID: 37183607 PMCID: PMC10320721 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipidoses are a subcategory of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) caused by mutations in enzymes of the sphingolipid catabolic pathway. Like many LSDs, neurological involvement in sphingolipidoses leads to early mortality with limited treatment options. Given the role of myelin loss as a major contributor toward LSD-associated neurodegeneration, we investigated the pathways contributing to demyelination in a CRISPR-Cas9-generated zebrafish model of combined saposin (psap) deficiency. psap knockout (KO) zebrafish recapitulated major LSD pathologies, including reduced lifespan, reduced lipid storage, impaired locomotion and severe myelin loss; loss of myelin basic protein a (mbpa) mRNA was progressive, with no changes in additional markers of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Brain transcriptomics revealed dysregulated mTORC1 signaling and elevated neuroinflammation, where increased proinflammatory cytokine expression preceded and mTORC1 signaling changes followed mbpa loss. We examined pharmacological and genetic rescue strategies via water tank administration of the multiple sclerosis drug monomethylfumarate (MMF), and crossing the psap KO line into an acid sphingomyelinase (smpd1) deficiency model. smpd1 mutagenesis, but not MMF treatment, prolonged lifespan in psap KO zebrafish, highlighting the modulation of acid sphingomyelinase activity as a potential path toward sphingolipidosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ivy Alonzo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chris Stubben
- Bioinformatic Analysis Shared Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Yijie Geng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chelsea Herdman
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nancy Chandler
- Electron Microscopy Core Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kim P. Doane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Brock R. Pluimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sunia A. Trauger
- Harvard Center for Mass Spectrometry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Mignani L, Guerra J, Corli M, Capoferri D, Presta M. Zebra-Sphinx: Modeling Sphingolipidoses in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054747. [PMID: 36902174 PMCID: PMC10002607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipidoses are inborn errors of metabolism due to the pathogenic mutation of genes that encode for lysosomal enzymes, transporters, or enzyme cofactors that participate in the sphingolipid catabolism. They represent a subgroup of lysosomal storage diseases characterized by the gradual lysosomal accumulation of the substrate(s) of the defective proteins. The clinical presentation of patients affected by sphingolipid storage disorders ranges from a mild progression for some juvenile- or adult-onset forms to severe/fatal infantile forms. Despite significant therapeutic achievements, novel strategies are required at basic, clinical, and translational levels to improve patient outcomes. On these bases, the development of in vivo models is crucial for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of sphingolipidoses and for the development of efficacious therapeutic strategies. The teleost zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a useful platform to model several human genetic diseases owing to the high grade of genome conservation between human and zebrafish, combined with precise genome editing and the ease of manipulation. In addition, lipidomic studies have allowed the identification in zebrafish of all of the main classes of lipids present in mammals, supporting the possibility to model diseases of the lipidic metabolism in this animal species with the advantage of using mammalian lipid databases for data processing. This review highlights the use of zebrafish as an innovative model system to gain novel insights into the pathogenesis of sphingolipidoses, with possible implications for the identification of more efficacious therapeutic approaches.
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Smits DJ, Dekker J, Schot R, Tabarki B, Alhashem A, Demmers JAA, Dekkers DHW, Romito A, van der Spek PJ, van Ham TJ, Bertoli-Avella AM, Mancini GMS. CLEC16A interacts with retromer and TRIM27, and its loss impairs endosomal trafficking and neurodevelopment. Hum Genet 2023; 142:379-397. [PMID: 36538041 PMCID: PMC9950183 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CLEC16A is a membrane-associated C-type lectin protein that functions as a E3-ubiquitin ligase. CLEC16A regulates autophagy and mitophagy, and reportedly localizes to late endosomes. GWAS studies have associated CLEC16A SNPs to various auto-immune and neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis and Parkinson disease. Studies in mouse models imply a role for CLEC16A in neurodegeneration. We identified bi-allelic CLEC16A truncating variants in siblings from unrelated families presenting with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder including microcephaly, brain atrophy, corpus callosum dysgenesis, and growth retardation. To understand the function of CLEC16A in neurodevelopment we used in vitro models and zebrafish embryos. We observed CLEC16A localization to early endosomes in HEK293T cells. Mass spectrometry of human CLEC16A showed interaction with endosomal retromer complex subunits and the endosomal ubiquitin ligase TRIM27. Expression of the human variant leading to C-terminal truncated CLEC16A, abolishes both its endosomal localization and interaction with TRIM27, suggesting a loss-of-function effect. CLEC16A knockdown increased TRIM27 adhesion to early endosomes and abnormal accumulation of endosomal F-actin, a sign of disrupted vesicle sorting. Mutagenesis of clec16a by CRISPR-Cas9 in zebrafish embryos resulted in accumulated acidic/phagolysosome compartments, in neurons and microglia, and dysregulated mitophagy. The autophagocytic phenotype was rescued by wild-type human CLEC16A but not the C-terminal truncated CLEC16A. Our results demonstrate that CLEC16A closely interacts with retromer components and regulates endosomal fate by fine-tuning levels of TRIM27 and polymerized F-actin on the endosome surface. Dysregulation of CLEC16A-mediated endosomal sorting is associated with neurodegeneration, but it also causes accumulation of autophagosomes and unhealthy mitochondria during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne J Smits
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jordy Dekker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Rachel Schot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brahim Tabarki
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, 12233, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alhashem
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, 12233, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeroen A A Demmers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Proteomics Center, ErasmusMC University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick H W Dekkers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Proteomics Center, ErasmusMC University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Peter J van der Spek
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Bioinformatics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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7
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Gaudioso Á, Silva TP, Ledesma MD. Models to study basic and applied aspects of lysosomal storage disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114532. [PMID: 36122863 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The lack of available treatments and fatal outcome in most lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) have spurred research on pathological mechanisms and novel therapies in recent years. In this effort, experimental methodology in cellular and animal models have been developed, with aims to address major challenges in many LSDs such as patient-to-patient variability and brain condition. These techniques and models have advanced knowledge not only of LSDs but also for other lysosomal disorders and have provided fundamental insights into the biological roles of lysosomes. They can also serve to assess the efficacy of classical therapies and modern drug delivery systems. Here, we summarize the techniques and models used in LSD research, which include both established and recently developed in vitro methods, with general utility or specifically addressing lysosomal features. We also review animal models of LSDs together with cutting-edge technology that may reduce the need for animals in the study of these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Gaudioso
- Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa P Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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8
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Wang K, Wang C, Chen D, Huang Y, Li J, Wei P, Shi Z, Zhang Y, Gao Y. The role of microglial/macrophagic salt-inducible kinase 3 on normal and excessive phagocytosis after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:439. [PMID: 35864266 PMCID: PMC9304053 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that anti-inflammatory microglia/macrophages (Mi/MΦ) play a role in “normal phagocytosis,” which promoted the rapid clearance of necrotic substances and apoptotic cells. More recently, a few studies have found that Mi/MΦ also play a role in “pathological phagocytosis” in the form of excessive or reduced phagocytosis, thereby worsening damage induced by CNS diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms and the Mi/MΦ subtypes related to this pathological phagocytosis are still unknown. Salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3), a member of the 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family, has been shown to regulate inflammation in several peripheral diseases. Whether SIK3 also regulates the inflammatory response in CNS diseases is currently unknown. Therefore, in this study, we created a transgenic tamoxifen-induced Mi/MΦ-specific SIK3 conditional knockout (SIK3-cKO) mouse to examine SIK3’s role in phagocytotic function induced by transient focal cerebral ischemia (tFCI). By single-cell RNA-seq, we found the pro-inflammatory Mi/MΦ phenotype performed an excessive phagocytotic function, but the anti-inflammatory Mi/MΦ phenotype performed a normal phagocytotic function. We found that SIK3-cKO caused Mi/MΦ heterogenization from the transitional phenotype to the anti-inflammatory phenotype after tFCI. This phenotypic shift corresponded with enhanced phagocytosis of both apoptotic and live neurons. Interestingly, SIK3-cKO enhanced normal phagocytosis of myelin debris but attenuating excessive phagocytosis of non-damaged myelin sheath, thereby protecting white matter integrity after tFCI. CD16, a pro-inflammation marker, was decreased significantly by SIK3-cKO and correlated with “excessive phagocytosis.” SIK3-cKO promoted long-term recovery of white matter function and neurological function as assessed with electrophysiological compound action potential (CAPs) and behavioral analysis. This study is the first to show a role of SIK3 in Mi/MΦ phagocytosis in CNS diseases, and reveals that promoting Mi/MΦ anti-inflammatory heterogenization inhibits “excessive phagocytosis” of live cells and facilitates “normal phagocytosis” of apoptotic cells. Therefore, inhibition of SIK3 in Mi/MΦ may be a potential therapeutic target in stroke and other CNS diseases with accompanying white matter destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pengju Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ziyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Berdowski WM, van der Linde HC, Breur M, Oosterhof N, Beerepoot S, Sanderson L, Wijnands LI, de Jong P, Tsai-Meu-Chong E, de Valk W, de Witte M, van IJcken WFJ, Demmers J, van der Knaap MS, Bugiani M, Wolf NI, van Ham TJ. Dominant-acting CSF1R variants cause microglial depletion and altered astrocytic phenotype in zebrafish and adult-onset leukodystrophy. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:211-239. [PMID: 35713703 PMCID: PMC9288387 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages of the brain, including microglia, are implicated in the pathogenesis of various CNS disorders and are possible therapeutic targets by their chemical depletion or replenishment by hematopoietic stem cell therapy. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of microglial function and the consequences of microglial depletion in the human brain is lacking. In human disease, heterozygous variants in CSF1R, encoding the Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor, can lead to adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) possibly caused by microglial depletion. Here, we investigate the effects of ALSP-causing CSF1R variants on microglia and explore the consequences of microglial depletion in the brain. In intermediate- and late-stage ALSP post-mortem brain, we establish that there is an overall loss of homeostatic microglia and that this is predominantly seen in the white matter. By introducing ALSP-causing missense variants into the zebrafish genomic csf1ra locus, we show that these variants act dominant negatively on the number of microglia in vertebrate brain development. Transcriptomics and proteomics on relatively spared ALSP brain tissue validated a downregulation of microglia-associated genes and revealed elevated astrocytic proteins, possibly suggesting involvement of astrocytes in early pathogenesis. Indeed, neuropathological analysis and in vivo imaging of csf1r zebrafish models showed an astrocytic phenotype associated with enhanced, possibly compensatory, endocytosis. Together, our findings indicate that microglial depletion in zebrafish and human disease, likely as a consequence of dominant-acting pathogenic CSF1R variants, correlates with altered astrocytes. These findings underscore the unique opportunity CSF1R variants provide to gain insight into the roles of microglia in the human brain, and the need to further investigate how microglia, astrocytes, and their interactions contribute to white matter homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woutje M. Berdowski
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herma C. van der Linde
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Breur
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Department of Pathology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Oosterhof
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shanice Beerepoot
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leslie Sanderson
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieve I. Wijnands
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick de Jong
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Tsai-Meu-Chong
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Walter de Valk
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Moniek de Witte
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Hematology Department, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F. J. van IJcken
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XCenter for Biomics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Demmers
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XProteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjo S. van der Knaap
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Department of Pathology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole I. Wolf
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J. van Ham
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Var SR, Shetty AV, Grande AW, Low WC, Cheeran MC. Microglia and Macrophages in Neuroprotection, Neurogenesis, and Emerging Therapies for Stroke. Cells 2021; 10:3555. [PMID: 34944064 PMCID: PMC8700390 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains the number one cause of morbidity in the United States. Within weeks to months after an ischemic event, there is a resolution of inflammation and evidence of neurogenesis; however, years following a stroke, there is evidence of chronic inflammation in the central nervous system, possibly by the persistence of an autoimmune response to brain antigens as a result of ischemia. The mechanisms underlying the involvement of macrophage and microglial activation after stroke are widely acknowledged as having a role in ischemic stroke pathology; thus, modulating inflammation and neurological recovery is a hopeful strategy for treating the long-term outcomes after ischemic injury. Current treatments fail to provide neuroprotective or neurorestorative benefits after stroke; therefore, to ameliorate brain injury-induced deficits, therapies must alter both the initial response to injury and the subsequent inflammatory process. This review will address differences in macrophage and microglia nomenclature and summarize recent work in elucidating the mechanisms of macrophage and microglial participation in antigen presentation, neuroprotection, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, synaptic remodeling, and immune modulating strategies for treating the long-term outcomes after ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna R. Var
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.R.V.); (A.W.G.)
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Anala V. Shetty
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA
| | - Andrew W. Grande
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.R.V.); (A.W.G.)
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Walter C. Low
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.R.V.); (A.W.G.)
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Maxim C. Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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11
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Li Y, Laws SM, Miles LA, Wiley JS, Huang X, Masters CL, Gu BJ. Genomics of Alzheimer's disease implicates the innate and adaptive immune systems. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7397-7426. [PMID: 34708251 PMCID: PMC11073066 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterised by cognitive impairment, behavioural alteration, and functional decline. Over 130 AD-associated susceptibility loci have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), while whole genome sequencing (WGS) and whole exome sequencing (WES) studies have identified AD-associated rare variants. These variants are enriched in APOE, TREM2, CR1, CD33, CLU, BIN1, CD2AP, PILRA, SCIMP, PICALM, SORL1, SPI1, RIN3, and more genes. Given that aging is the single largest risk factor for late-onset AD (LOAD), the accumulation of somatic mutations in the brain and blood of AD patients have also been explored. Collectively, these genetic findings implicate the role of innate and adaptive immunity in LOAD pathogenesis and suggest that a systemic failure of cell-mediated amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance contributes to AD onset and progression. AD-associated variants are particularly enriched in myeloid-specific regulatory regions, implying that AD risk variants are likely to perturbate the expression of myeloid-specific AD-associated genes to interfere Aβ clearance. Defective phagocytosis, endocytosis, and autophagy may drive Aβ accumulation, which may be related to naturally-occurring antibodies to Aβ (Nabs-Aβ) produced by adaptive responses. Passive immunisation is providing efficiency in clearing Aβ and slowing cognitive decline, such as aducanumab, donanemab, and lecanemab (ban2401). Causation of AD by impairment of the innate immunity and treatment using the tools of adaptive immunity is emerging as a new paradigm for AD, but immunotherapy that boosts the innate immune functions of myeloid cells is highly expected to modulate disease progression at asymptomatic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Li
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Luke A Miles
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - James S Wiley
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Xin Huang
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ben J Gu
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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12
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Neely SA, Lyons DA. Insights Into Central Nervous System Glial Cell Formation and Function From Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:754606. [PMID: 34912801 PMCID: PMC8666443 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.754606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The term glia describes a heterogenous collection of distinct cell types that make up a large proportion of our nervous system. Although once considered the glue of the nervous system, the study of glial cells has evolved significantly in recent years, with a large body of literature now highlighting their complex and diverse roles in development and throughout life. This progress is due, in part, to advances in animal models in which the molecular and cellular mechanisms of glial cell development and function as well as neuron-glial cell interactions can be directly studied in vivo in real time, in intact neural circuits. In this review we highlight the instrumental role that zebrafish have played as a vertebrate model system for the study of glial cells, and discuss how the experimental advantages of the zebrafish lend themselves to investigate glial cell interactions and diversity. We focus in particular on recent studies that have provided insight into the formation and function of the major glial cell types in the central nervous system in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Neely
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Lyons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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13
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The GM2 gangliosidoses: Unlocking the mysteries of pathogenesis and treatment. Neurosci Lett 2021; 764:136195. [PMID: 34450229 PMCID: PMC8572160 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Zhao Y, Zhang J, Wang S, Jiang Q, Xu K. Identification and Validation of a Nine-Gene Amino Acid Metabolism-Related Risk Signature in HCC. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:731790. [PMID: 34557495 PMCID: PMC8452960 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.731790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the world’s second most deadly cancer, and metabolic reprogramming is its distinguishing feature. Among metabolite profiling, variation in amino acid metabolism supports tumor proliferation and metastasis to the most extent, yet a systematic study on the role of amino acid metabolism-related genes in HCC is still lacking. An effective amino acid metabolism-related prediction signature is urgently needed to assess the prognosis of HCC patients for individualized treatment. Materials and Methods: RNA-seq data of HCC from the TCGA-LIHC and GSE14520 (GPL3921) datasets were defined as the training set and validation set, respectively. Amino acid metabolic genes were extracted from the Molecular Signature Database. Univariate Cox and LASSO regression analyses were performed to build a predictive risk signature. K-M curves, ROC curves, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression were conducted to evaluate the predictive value of this risk signature. Functional enrichment was analyzed by GSEA and CIBERSORTx software. Results: A nine-gene amino acid metabolism-related risk signature including B3GAT3, B4GALT2, CYB5R3, GNPDA1, GOT2, HEXB, HMGCS2, PLOD2, and SEPHS1 was constructed to predict the overall survival (OS) of HCC patients. Patients were separated into high-risk and low-risk groups based on risk scores and low-risk patients had lower risk scores and longer survival time. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression verified that this signature was an independent risk factor for HCC. ROC curves showed that this risk signature can effectively predict the 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year survival times of patients with HCC. Additionally, prognostic nomograms were established based on the training set and validation set. These genes were closely correlated with the immune regulation. Conclusion: Our study identified a nine-gene amino acid metabolism-related risk signature and built predictive nomograms for OS in HCC. These findings will help us to personalize the treatment of liver cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuhan Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianqian Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Keshu Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Sanderson LE, Lanko K, Alsagob M, Almass R, Al-Ahmadi N, Najafi M, Al-Muhaizea MA, Alzaidan H, AlDhalaan H, Perenthaler E, van der Linde HC, Nikoncuk A, Kühn NA, Antony D, Owaidah TM, Raskin S, Vieira LGDR, Mombach R, Ahangari N, Silveira TRD, Ameziane N, Rolfs A, Alharbi A, Sabbagh RM, AlAhmadi K, Alawam B, Ghebeh H, AlHargan A, Albader AA, Binhumaid FS, Goljan E, Monies D, Mustafa OM, Aldosary M, AlBakheet A, Alyounes B, Almutairi F, Al-Odaib A, Aksoy DB, Basak AN, Palvadeau R, Trabzuni D, Rosenfeld JA, Karimiani EG, Meyer BF, Karakas B, Al-Mohanna F, Arold ST, Colak D, Maroofian R, Houlden H, Bertoli-Avella AM, Schmidts M, Barakat TS, van Ham TJ, Kaya N. Bi-allelic variants in HOPS complex subunit VPS41 cause cerebellar ataxia and abnormal membrane trafficking. Brain 2021; 144:769-780. [PMID: 33764426 PMCID: PMC8041041 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking is a complex, essential process in eukaryotic cells responsible for protein transport and processing. Deficiencies in vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) proteins, key regulators of trafficking, cause abnormal intracellular segregation of macromolecules and organelles and are linked to human disease. VPS proteins function as part of complexes such as the homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) tethering complex, composed of VPS11, VPS16, VPS18, VPS33A, VPS39 and VPS41. The HOPS-specific subunit VPS41 has been reported to promote viability of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease but to date has not been linked to human disease. Here, we describe five unrelated families with nine affected individuals, all carrying homozygous variants in VPS41 that we show impact protein function. All affected individuals presented with a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder consisting of cognitive impairment, cerebellar atrophy/hypoplasia, motor dysfunction with ataxia and dystonia, and nystagmus. Zebrafish disease modelling supports the involvement of VPS41 dysfunction in the disorder, indicating lysosomal dysregulation throughout the brain and providing support for cerebellar and microglial abnormalities when vps41 was mutated. This provides the first example of human disease linked to the HOPS-specific subunit VPS41 and suggests the importance of HOPS complex activity for cerebellar function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E Sanderson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Lanko
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maysoon Alsagob
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,KACST-BWH/Harvard Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Almass
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Al-Ahmadi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biology, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Najafi
- Genome Research Division, Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | | | - Hamad Alzaidan
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham AlDhalaan
- Department of Neurosciences, KFSHRC, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Elena Perenthaler
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herma C van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Nikoncuk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolas A Kühn
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dinu Antony
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Tarek Mustafa Owaidah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KFSHRC, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salmo Raskin
- Positivo University Medical School, Curitiba, Parana, 81280-330, Brazil
| | | | - Romulo Mombach
- Núcleo de Assistência Integral ao Paciente Especial, Prefeitura de Joinvile, Joinvile, Santa Catarina, 89202-450, Brazil
| | - Najmeh Ahangari
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 9177899191, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Arndt Rolfs
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock.,Medical University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock
| | - Aljohara Alharbi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KFSHRC, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghda M Sabbagh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KFSHRC, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid AlAhmadi
- Department of Neurosciences, KFSHRC, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayer Alawam
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem Ghebeh
- Stem Cell and Tissue Re-engineering Program, KFSHRC, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aljouhra AlHargan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anoud A Albader
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal S Binhumaid
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ewa Goljan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorota Monies
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M Mustafa
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazhor Aldosary
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Albandary AlBakheet
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Banan Alyounes
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Faten Almutairi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Al-Odaib
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Durdane Bekar Aksoy
- Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Medicine, Neurology Dept. Tokat, 8FJH+CW Tokat, Merkez/Tokat, Turkey
| | - A Nazli Basak
- Koc University, School of Medicine, Suna and Inan Kirac Foundation, NDAL- KUTTAM, Davutpasa cad. No.4, 34010, Zeytinburnu, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Robin Palvadeau
- Koc University, School of Medicine, Suna and Inan Kirac Foundation, NDAL- KUTTAM, Davutpasa cad. No.4, 34010, Zeytinburnu, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Daniah Trabzuni
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.,Innovative Medical Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, 9G58 + 69 Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
| | - Brian F Meyer
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, 11211, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bedri Karakas
- Department of Molecular Oncology, KFSHRC, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Futwan Al-Mohanna
- Department of Cell Biology, KFSHRC, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefan T Arold
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, KFSHRC, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Miriam Schmidts
- Genome Research Division, Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Namik Kaya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, 11211, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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16
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Berdowski WM, Sanderson LE, van Ham TJ. The multicellular interplay of microglia in health and disease: lessons from leukodystrophy. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048925. [PMID: 34282843 PMCID: PMC8319551 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are highly dynamic cells crucial for developing and maintaining lifelong brain function and health through their many interactions with essentially all cellular components of the central nervous system. The frequent connection of microglia to leukodystrophies, genetic disorders of the white matter, has highlighted their involvement in the maintenance of white matter integrity. However, the mechanisms that underlie their putative roles in these processes remain largely uncharacterized. Microglia have also been gaining attention as possible therapeutic targets for many neurological conditions, increasing the demand to understand their broad spectrum of functions and the impact of their dysregulation. In this Review, we compare the pathological features of two groups of genetic leukodystrophies: those in which microglial dysfunction holds a central role, termed 'microgliopathies', and those in which lysosomal or peroxisomal defects are considered to be the primary driver. The latter are suspected to have notable microglia involvement, as some affected individuals benefit from microglia-replenishing therapy. Based on overlapping pathology, we discuss multiple ways through which aberrant microglia could lead to white matter defects and brain dysfunction. We propose that the study of leukodystrophies, and their extensively multicellular pathology, will benefit from complementing analyses of human patient material with the examination of cellular dynamics in vivo using animal models, such as zebrafish. Together, this will yield important insight into the cell biological mechanisms of microglial impact in the central nervous system, particularly in the development and maintenance of myelin, that will facilitate the development of new, and refinement of existing, therapeutic options for a range of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tjakko J. van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Liu S, Feng Y, Huang Y, Jiang X, Tang C, Tang F, Zeng C, Liu L. A GM1 gangliosidosis mutant mouse model exhibits activated microglia and disturbed autophagy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1330-1341. [PMID: 33583210 PMCID: PMC8371306 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221993052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
GM1 gangliosidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of β-galactosidase due to mutations in the GLB1 gene. We established a C57BL/6 mouse model with Glb1G455R mutation using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. The β-galactosidase enzyme activity of Glb1G455R mice measured by fluorometric assay was negligible throughout the whole body. Mutant mice displayed no marked phenotype at eight weeks. After 16 weeks, GM1 ganglioside accumulation in the brain of mutant mice was observed by immunohistochemical staining. Meanwhile, a declining performance in behavioral tests was observed among mutant mice from 16 to 32 weeks. As the disease progressed, the neurological symptoms of mutant mice worsened, and they then succumbed to the disease by 47 weeks of age. We also observed microglia activation and proliferation in the cerebral cortex of mutant mice at 16 and 32 weeks. In these activated microglia, the level of autophagy regulator LC3 was up-regulated but the mRNA level of LC3 was normal. In conclusion, we developed a novel murine model that mimicked the chronic phenotype of human GM1. This Glb1G455R murine model is a practical in vivo model for studying the pathogenesis of GM1 gangliosidosis and exploring potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichi Liu
- Department of Guangzhou Newborn Screening Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Yuyu Feng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Yonglan Huang
- Department of Guangzhou Newborn Screening Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Xiaoling Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Chengfang Tang
- Department of Guangzhou Newborn Screening Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Department of Guangzhou Newborn Screening Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Chunhua Zeng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
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18
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Sofou K, Meier K, Sanderson LE, Kaminski D, Montoliu‐Gaya L, Samuelsson E, Blomqvist M, Agholme L, Gärtner J, Mühlhausen C, Darin N, Barakat TS, Schlotawa L, van Ham T, Asin Cayuela J, Sterky FH. Bi-allelic VPS16 variants limit HOPS/CORVET levels and cause a mucopolysaccharidosis-like disease. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13376. [PMID: 33938619 PMCID: PMC8103096 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases, including mucopolysaccharidoses, result from genetic defects that impair lysosomal catabolism. Here, we describe two patients from two independent families presenting with progressive psychomotor regression, delayed myelination, brain atrophy, neutropenia, skeletal abnormalities, and mucopolysaccharidosis-like dysmorphic features. Both patients were homozygous for the same intronic variant in VPS16, a gene encoding a subunit of the HOPS and CORVET complexes. The variant impaired normal mRNA splicing and led to an ~85% reduction in VPS16 protein levels in patient-derived fibroblasts. Levels of other HOPS/CORVET subunits, including VPS33A, were similarly reduced, but restored upon re-expression of VPS16. Patient-derived fibroblasts showed defects in the uptake and endosomal trafficking of transferrin as well as accumulation of autophagosomes and lysosomal compartments. Re-expression of VPS16 rescued the cellular phenotypes. Zebrafish with disrupted vps16 expression showed impaired development, reduced myelination, and a similar accumulation of lysosomes and autophagosomes in the brain, particularly in glia cells. This disorder resembles previously reported patients with mutations in VPS33A, thus expanding the family of mucopolysaccharidosis-like diseases that result from mutations in HOPS/CORVET subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Sofou
- Department of PaediatricsInstitute of Clinical SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Kolja Meier
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Medical Center GoettingenGoettingenGermany
| | - Leslie E Sanderson
- Department of Clinical GeneticsErasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Debora Kaminski
- Department of Laboratory MedicineInstitute of BiomedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Clinical ChemistrySahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Laia Montoliu‐Gaya
- Department of Laboratory MedicineInstitute of BiomedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Emma Samuelsson
- Department of Clinical ChemistrySahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
| | - Maria Blomqvist
- Department of Laboratory MedicineInstitute of BiomedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Clinical ChemistrySahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
| | - Lotta Agholme
- Department of Clinical ChemistrySahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Jutta Gärtner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Medical Center GoettingenGoettingenGermany
| | - Chris Mühlhausen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Medical Center GoettingenGoettingenGermany
| | - Niklas Darin
- Department of PaediatricsInstitute of Clinical SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical GeneticsErasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lars Schlotawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Medical Center GoettingenGoettingenGermany
| | - Tjakko van Ham
- Department of Clinical GeneticsErasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jorge Asin Cayuela
- Department of Laboratory MedicineInstitute of BiomedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Clinical ChemistrySahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
| | - Fredrik H Sterky
- Department of Laboratory MedicineInstitute of BiomedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Clinical ChemistrySahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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19
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One Brain-All Cells: A Comprehensive Protocol to Isolate All Principal CNS-Resident Cell Types from Brain and Spinal Cord of Adult Healthy and EAE Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030651. [PMID: 33804060 PMCID: PMC7999839 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis, the role of each central nervous system (CNS)-resident cell type during inflammation, neurodegeneration, and remission has been frequently addressed. Although protocols for the isolation of different individual CNS-resident cell types exist, none can harvest all of them within a single experiment. In addition, isolation of individual cells is more demanding in adult mice and even more so from the inflamed CNS. Here, we present a protocol for the simultaneous purification of viable single-cell suspensions of all principal CNS-resident cell types (microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons) from adult mice-applicable in healthy mice as well as in EAE. After dissociation of the brain and spinal cord from adult mice, microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and, neurons were isolated via magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). Validations comprised flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, as well as functional analyses (immunoassay and Sholl analysis). The purity of each cell isolation averaged 90%. All cells displayed cell-type-specific morphologies and expressed specific surface markers. In conclusion, this new protocol for the simultaneous isolation of all major CNS-resident cell types from one CNS offers a sophisticated and comprehensive way to investigate complex cellular networks ex vivo and simultaneously reduce mice numbers to be sacrificed.
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20
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Allende ML, Zhu H, Kono M, Hoachlander-Hobby LE, Huso VL, Proia RL. Genetic defects in the sphingolipid degradation pathway and their effects on microglia in neurodegenerative disease. Cell Signal 2021; 78:109879. [PMID: 33296739 PMCID: PMC7775721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, which function as plasma membrane lipids and signaling molecules, are highly enriched in neuronal and myelin membranes in the nervous system. They are degraded in lysosomes by a defined sequence of enzymatic steps. In the related group of disorders, the sphingolipidoses, mutations in the genes that encode the individual degradative enzymes cause lysosomal accumulation of sphingolipids and often result in severe neurodegenerative disease. Here we review the information indicating that microglia, which actively clear sphingolipid-rich membranes in the brain during development and homeostasis, are directly affected by these mutations and promote neurodegeneration in the sphingolipidoses. We also identify parallels between the sphingolipidoses and more common forms of neurodegeneration, which both exhibit evidence of defective sphingolipid clearance in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Allende
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongling Zhu
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mari Kono
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lila E Hoachlander-Hobby
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vienna L Huso
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard L Proia
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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21
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Patkar OL, Caruso M, Teakle N, Keshvari S, Bush SJ, Pridans C, Belmer A, Summers KM, Irvine KM, Hume DA. Analysis of homozygous and heterozygous Csf1r knockout in the rat as a model for understanding microglial function in brain development and the impacts of human CSF1R mutations. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 151:105268. [PMID: 33450391 PMCID: PMC7941205 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human CSF1R gene have been associated with dominant and recessive forms of neurodegenerative disease. Here we describe the impacts of Csf1r mutation in the rat on development of the brain. Diffusion imaging indicated small reductions in major fiber tracts that may be associated in part with ventricular enlargement. RNA-seq profiling revealed a set of 105 microglial markers depleted in all brain regions of the Csf1rko rats. There was no evidence of region or sex-specific expression of microglia-associated transcripts. Other than the microglial signature, Csf1rko had no effect on any neuronal or region-specific transcript cluster. Expression of markers of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, dopaminergic neurons and Purkinje cells was minimally affected. However, there were defects in dendritic arborization of doublecortin-positive neurogenic precursors and expression of poly-sialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PS-NCAM) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Heterozygous Csf1rko rats had no detectable brain phenotype. We conclude that most brain developmental processes occur normally in the absence of microglia and that CSF1R haploinsufficiency is unlikely to cause leukoencephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar L Patkar
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melanie Caruso
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ngari Teakle
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen J Bush
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Clare Pridans
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, UK and Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Arnauld Belmer
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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22
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Leal AF, Benincore-Flórez E, Solano-Galarza D, Garzón Jaramillo RG, Echeverri-Peña OY, Suarez DA, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Espejo-Mojica AJ. GM2 Gangliosidoses: Clinical Features, Pathophysiological Aspects, and Current Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176213. [PMID: 32867370 PMCID: PMC7503724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
GM2 gangliosidoses are a group of pathologies characterized by GM2 ganglioside accumulation into the lysosome due to mutations on the genes encoding for the β-hexosaminidases subunits or the GM2 activator protein. Three GM2 gangliosidoses have been described: Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and the AB variant. Central nervous system dysfunction is the main characteristic of GM2 gangliosidoses patients that include neurodevelopment alterations, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. Currently, there is not approved therapy for GM2 gangliosidoses, but different therapeutic strategies have been studied including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, enzyme replacement therapy, substrate reduction therapy, pharmacological chaperones, and gene therapy. The blood-brain barrier represents a challenge for the development of therapeutic agents for these disorders. In this sense, alternative routes of administration (e.g., intrathecal or intracerebroventricular) have been evaluated, as well as the design of fusion peptides that allow the protein transport from the brain capillaries to the central nervous system. In this review, we outline the current knowledge about clinical and physiopathological findings of GM2 gangliosidoses, as well as the ongoing proposals to overcome some limitations of the traditional alternatives by using novel strategies such as molecular Trojan horses or advanced tools of genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Felipe Leal
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Eliana Benincore-Flórez
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Daniela Solano-Galarza
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Rafael Guillermo Garzón Jaramillo
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Olga Yaneth Echeverri-Peña
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Diego A. Suarez
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.J.A.-D.); (A.J.E.-M.); Tel.: +57-1-3208320 (ext. 4140) (C.J.A.-D.); +57-1-3208320 (ext. 4099) (A.J.E.-M.)
| | - Angela Johana Espejo-Mojica
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (A.F.L.); (E.B.-F); (D.S.-G.); (R.G.G.J.); (O.Y.E.-P.); (D.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.J.A.-D.); (A.J.E.-M.); Tel.: +57-1-3208320 (ext. 4140) (C.J.A.-D.); +57-1-3208320 (ext. 4099) (A.J.E.-M.)
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23
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Zhang T, Peterson RT. Modeling Lysosomal Storage Diseases in the Zebrafish. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:82. [PMID: 32435656 PMCID: PMC7218095 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a family of 70 metabolic disorders characterized by mutations in lysosomal proteins that lead to storage material accumulation, multiple-organ pathologies that often involve neurodegeneration, and early mortality in a significant number of patients. Along with the necessity for more effective therapies, there exists an unmet need for further understanding of disease etiology, which could uncover novel pathways and drug targets. Over the past few decades, the growth in knowledge of disease-associated pathways has been facilitated by studies in model organisms, as advancements in mutagenesis techniques markedly improved the efficiency of model generation in mammalian and non-mammalian systems. In this review we highlight non-mammalian models of LSDs, focusing specifically on the zebrafish, a vertebrate model organism that shares remarkable genetic and metabolic similarities with mammals while also conferring unique advantages such as optical transparency and amenability toward high-throughput applications. We examine published zebrafish LSD models and their reported phenotypes, address organism-specific advantages and limitations, and discuss recent technological innovations that could provide potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - R T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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24
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Perenthaler E, Nikoncuk A, Yousefi S, Berdowski WM, Alsagob M, Capo I, van der Linde HC, van den Berg P, Jacobs EH, Putar D, Ghazvini M, Aronica E, van IJcken WFJ, de Valk WG, Medici-van den Herik E, van Slegtenhorst M, Brick L, Kozenko M, Kohler JN, Bernstein JA, Monaghan KG, Begtrup A, Torene R, Al Futaisi A, Al Murshedi F, Mani R, Al Azri F, Kamsteeg EJ, Mojarrad M, Eslahi A, Khazaei Z, Darmiyan FM, Doosti M, Karimiani EG, Vandrovcova J, Zafar F, Rana N, Kandaswamy KK, Hertecant J, Bauer P, AlMuhaizea MA, Salih MA, Aldosary M, Almass R, Al-Quait L, Qubbaj W, Coskun S, Alahmadi KO, Hamad MHA, Alwadaee S, Awartani K, Dababo AM, Almohanna F, Colak D, Dehghani M, Mehrjardi MYV, Gunel M, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Passi GR, Cheema HA, Efthymiou S, Houlden H, Bertoli-Avella AM, Brooks AS, Retterer K, Maroofian R, Kaya N, van Ham TJ, Barakat TS. Loss of UGP2 in brain leads to a severe epileptic encephalopathy, emphasizing that bi-allelic isoform-specific start-loss mutations of essential genes can cause genetic diseases. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:415-442. [PMID: 31820119 PMCID: PMC7035241 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a group of devastating genetic disorders, resulting in early-onset, therapy-resistant seizures and developmental delay. Here we report on 22 individuals from 15 families presenting with a severe form of intractable epilepsy, severe developmental delay, progressive microcephaly, visual disturbance and similar minor dysmorphisms. Whole exome sequencing identified a recurrent, homozygous variant (chr2:64083454A > G) in the essential UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP2) gene in all probands. This rare variant results in a tolerable Met12Val missense change of the longer UGP2 protein isoform but causes a disruption of the start codon of the shorter isoform, which is predominant in brain. We show that the absence of the shorter isoform leads to a reduction of functional UGP2 enzyme in neural stem cells, leading to altered glycogen metabolism, upregulated unfolded protein response and premature neuronal differentiation, as modeled during pluripotent stem cell differentiation in vitro. In contrast, the complete lack of all UGP2 isoforms leads to differentiation defects in multiple lineages in human cells. Reduced expression of Ugp2a/Ugp2b in vivo in zebrafish mimics visual disturbance and mutant animals show a behavioral phenotype. Our study identifies a recurrent start codon mutation in UGP2 as a cause of a novel autosomal recessive DEE syndrome. Importantly, it also shows that isoform-specific start-loss mutations causing expression loss of a tissue-relevant isoform of an essential protein can cause a genetic disease, even when an organism-wide protein absence is incompatible with life. We provide additional examples where a similar disease mechanism applies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Perenthaler
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Nikoncuk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Soheil Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Woutje M Berdowski
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maysoon Alsagob
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ivan Capo
- Department for Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Herma C van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul van den Berg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin H Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Darija Putar
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mehrnaz Ghazvini
- iPS Cell Core Facility, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Center for Biomics, Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Walter G de Valk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marjon van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lauren Brick
- Division of Genetics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4J9, Canada
| | - Mariya Kozenko
- Division of Genetics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4J9, Canada
| | - Jennefer N Kohler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amna Al Futaisi
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Fathiya Al Murshedi
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Renjith Mani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Faisal Al Azri
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Erik-Jan Kamsteeg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Genetic Center of Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atieh Eslahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Doosti
- Department Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
- Innovative Medical Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jana Vandrovcova
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Faisal Zafar
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Nuzhat Rana
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | | | - Jozef Hertecant
- Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, and College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | | | - Mohammed A AlMuhaizea
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa A Salih
- Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazhor Aldosary
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Almass
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Al-Quait
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Qubbaj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Serdar Coskun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled O Alahmadi
- Radiology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muddathir H A Hamad
- Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Alwadaee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Awartani
- Obstetrics/Gynecology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M Dababo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Futwan Almohanna
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammadreza Dehghani
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Murat Gunel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Program On Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A Gulhan Ercan-Sencicek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Program On Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Gouri Rao Passi
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology Clinic, Choithram Hospital and Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Huma Arshad Cheema
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Department, Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Alice S Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Namik Kaya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Moro CA, Hanna-Rose W. Animal Model Contributions to Congenital Metabolic Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1236:225-244. [PMID: 32304075 PMCID: PMC8404832 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2389-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic model systems allow researchers to probe and decipher aspects of human disease, and animal models of disease are frequently specifically engineered and have been identified serendipitously as well. Animal models are useful for probing the etiology and pathophysiology of disease and are critical for effective discovery and development of novel therapeutics for rare diseases. Here we review the impact of animal model organism research in three examples of congenital metabolic disorders to highlight distinct advantages of model system research. First, we discuss phenylketonuria research where a wide variety of research fields and models came together to make impressive progress and where a nearly ideal mouse model has been central to therapeutic advancements. Second, we review advancements in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome research to illustrate the role of models that do not perfectly recapitulate human disease as well as the need for multiple models of the same disease to fully investigate human disease aspects. Finally, we highlight research on the GM2 gangliosidoses Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease to illustrate the important role of both engineered traditional laboratory animal models and serendipitously identified atypical models in congenital metabolic disorder research. We close with perspectives for the future for animal model research in congenital metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna A Moro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Wendy Hanna-Rose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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26
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Zhang T, Trauger SA, Vidoudez C, Doane KP, Pluimer BR, Peterson RT. Parallel Reaction Monitoring reveals structure-specific ceramide alterations in the zebrafish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19939. [PMID: 31882772 PMCID: PMC6934720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive characterisations of the zebrafish genome and proteome have established a foundation for the use of the zebrafish as a model organism; however, characterisation of the zebrafish lipidome has not been as comprehensive. In an effort to expand current knowledge of the zebrafish sphingolipidome, a Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM)-based liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was developed to comprehensively quantify zebrafish ceramides. Comparison between zebrafish and a human cell line demonstrated remarkable overlap in ceramide composition, but also revealed a surprising lack of most sphingadiene-containing ceramides in the zebrafish. PRM analysis of zebrafish embryogenesis identified developmental stage-specific ceramide changes based on long chain base (LCB) length. A CRISPR-Cas9-generated zebrafish model of Farber disease exhibited reduced size, early mortality, and severe ceramide accumulation where the amplitude of ceramide change depended on both acyl chain and LCB lengths. Our method adds an additional level of detail to current understanding of the zebrafish lipidome, and could aid in the elucidation of structure-function associations in the context of lipid-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sunia A Trauger
- Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles Vidoudez
- Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kim P Doane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Brock R Pluimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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27
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Kuil LE, López Martí A, Carreras Mascaro A, van den Bosch JC, van den Berg P, van der Linde HC, Schoonderwoerd K, Ruijter GJG, van Ham TJ. Hexb enzyme deficiency leads to lysosomal abnormalities in radial glia and microglia in zebrafish brain development. Glia 2019; 67:1705-1718. [PMID: 31140649 PMCID: PMC6772114 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipidoses are severe, mostly infantile lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) caused by defective glycosphingolipid degradation. Two of these sphingolipidoses, Tay Sachs and Sandhoff diseases, are caused by β-Hexosaminidase (HEXB) enzyme deficiency, resulting in ganglioside (GM2) accumulation and neuronal loss. The precise sequence of cellular events preceding, and leading to, neuropathology remains unclear, but likely involves inflammation and lysosomal accumulation of GM2 in multiple cell types. We aimed to determine the consequences of Hexb activity loss for different brain cell types using zebrafish. Hexb deficient zebrafish (hexb-/- ) showed lysosomal abnormalities already early in development both in radial glia, which are the neuronal and glial progenitors, and in microglia. Additionally, at 5 days postfertilization, hexb-/- zebrafish showed reduced locomotor activity. Although specific oligosaccharides accumulate in the adult brain, hexb-/- ) zebrafish are viable and apparently resistant to Hexb deficiency. In all, we identified cellular consequences of loss of Hexb enzyme activity during embryonic brain development, showing early effects on glia, which possibly underlie the behavioral aberrations. Hereby, we identified clues into the contribution of non-neuronal lysosomal abnormalities in LSDs affecting the brain and provide a tool to further study what underlies the relative resistance to Hexb deficiency in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anna López Martí
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ana Carreras Mascaro
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen C. van den Bosch
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Paul van den Berg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Herma C. van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Kees Schoonderwoerd
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - George J. G. Ruijter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J. van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
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