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Bellini C, Del Maschio N, Gentile M, Del Mauro G, Franceschini R, Abutalebi J. Original language versus dubbed movies: Effects on our brain and emotions. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2024; 253:105424. [PMID: 38815502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Converging evidence suggests that emotions are often dulled in one's foreign language. Here, we paired fMRI with a naturalistic viewing paradigm (i.e., original vs. dubbed versions of sad, fun and neutral movie clips) to investigate the neural correlates of emotion perception as a function of native (L1) and foreign (L2) language context. Watching emotional clips in L1 (vs. L2) reflected in activations of anterior temporal cortices involved in semantic cognition, arguably indicating a closer association of emotion concepts with the native language. The processing of fun clips in L1 (vs. L2) reflected in enhanced response of the right amygdala, suggesting a deeper emotional experience of positively valenced stimuli in the L1. Of interest, the amygdala response to fun clips positively correlated with participants' proficiency in the L2, indicating that a higher L2 competence may reduce emotional processing differences across a bilingual's two languages. Our findings are compatible with the view that language provides a context for the construction of emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Bellini
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Nicola Del Maschio
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Gentile
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianpaolo Del Mauro
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore MD 21201, United States.
| | - Rita Franceschini
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Jubin Abutalebi
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; UiT The Arctic University of Norway, PO Box 6050, Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Ye Y, Wang H, Liao X, Yu C, Zhang W. Stressful Life Events, Sleep Quality and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Chinese Adolescents: The Moderating Effect of Sensation Seeking. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:286. [PMID: 38667082 PMCID: PMC11047468 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing evidence that stressful life events are associated with adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), few studies have investigated the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this link. The current study examined whether sleep quality mediated the link between stressful life events and NSSI and whether this mediating process was moderated by adolescent sensation seeking. The participants were 1006 Chinese adolescents (48.21% boys; mean age = 13.16 years, SD = 0.67). They completed the Life Events Checklist, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, and NSSI Questionnaire. The PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to examine the hypothesized moderated mediation model. The results showed that sleep quality significantly mediated the positive association between stressful life events and adolescent NSSI. Moreover, this mediating pathway was moderated by sensation seeking. Specifically, the risk impact of stressful life events on NSSI through sleep quality was significant only among adolescents with high-level sensation seeking but not among those with low-level sensation seeking. These findings provide intervention insights to reduce the risk of adolescent NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiu Ye
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Huahua Wang
- Department of Psychology, Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liao
- Department of Psychology, Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chengfu Yu
- Department of Psychology, Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Tedeschi E, Armand S, Buyalskaya A, Silston B, Mobbs D. Fear in groups: Increasing group size reduces perceptions of danger. Emotion 2021; 21:1499-1510. [PMID: 34928692 PMCID: PMC8697704 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
When we face danger or stress, the presence of others can provide a powerful signal of safety and support. However, despite a large literature on group living benefits in animals, few studies have been conducted on how group size alters subjective emotional responses and threat perception in humans. We conducted 5 experiments (N = 3,652) to investigate whether the presence of others decreases fear in response to threat under a variety of conditions. In Studies 1, 2 and 3, we experimentally manipulated group size in hypothetical and real-world situations and found that fear responses decreased as group size increased. In Studies 4 and 5 we again used a combination of hypothetical and real-world decisions to test whether increased anxiety in response to a potential threat would lead participants to choose larger groups for themselves. Participants consistently chose larger groups when threat and anxiety were high. Overall, our findings show that group size provides a salient signal of protection and safety in humans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Tedeschi
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY
| | - Sophia Armand
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY
| | - Anastasia Buyalskaya
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences and Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
| | - Brian Silston
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY
| | - Dean Mobbs
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences and Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
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Graff TC, Fitzgerald JR, Luke SG, Birmingham WC. Spousal emotional support and relationship quality buffers pupillary response to horror movies. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256823. [PMID: 34525117 PMCID: PMC8443030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Being satisfied in marriage provides protective stress buffering benefits to various health complications but the causal mechanisms and speed at which this is accomplished is less well understood. Much of the research on health and marriage has conceptualized marital quality in a unidimensional way, with high levels of either positivity or negativity. This conceptualization may not fully capture the nuanced benefits of marital relationships. Pupillometry is an innovative method which captures the effects of marital stress buffering on the body’s autonomic nervous system in real time; pupil dilation occurs within 200ms to stress exposure. Additionally, this method records hundreds of readings per second, providing precision and sensitivity. This preregistered experiment aimed to conceptually replicate previous pupillometry stress buffering results and extend the previous findings by including a generalizable, real-life stressor—viewing a horror movie—and multidimensional relationship quality effects. Eighty-three couples (166 participants) were quasi-grouped, based on a self-reported multidimensional relationship quality scale, to either supportive or ambivalent marital relationship conditions. They were then randomly assigned to either a spousal support (i.e., handholding) or non-support (spousal absence) condition and watched clips from both horror and nature movies while pupil dilation was measured. Tonic pupillary response results revealed that the horror video clips elicited a stress response and there were significant differences between the support and non-support conditions, as well as marital relationship quality conditions. These results frame the precision, speed, and sensitivity of pupillometry as a potentially fruitful method to investigate the causal mechanisms linking stress buffering and supportive marital relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler C. Graff
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Social Sciences, Wartburg College, Waverly, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Joseph R. Fitzgerald
- School of Public Affairs, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Luke
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Wendy C. Birmingham
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
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Movies and narratives as naturalistic stimuli in neuroimaging. Neuroimage 2020; 224:117445. [PMID: 33059053 PMCID: PMC7805386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Using movies and narratives as naturalistic stimuli in human neuroimaging studies has yielded significant advances in understanding of cognitive and emotional functions. The relevant literature was reviewed, with emphasis on how the use of naturalistic stimuli has helped advance scientific understanding of human memory, attention, language, emotions, and social cognition in ways that would have been difficult otherwise. These advances include discovering a cortical hierarchy of temporal receptive windows, which supports processing of dynamic information that accumulates over several time scales, such as immediate reactions vs. slowly emerging patterns in social interactions. Naturalistic stimuli have also helped elucidate how the hippocampus supports segmentation and memorization of events in day-to-day life and have afforded insights into attentional brain mechanisms underlying our ability to adopt specific perspectives during natural viewing. Further, neuroimaging studies with naturalistic stimuli have revealed the role of the default-mode network in narrative-processing and in social cognition. Finally, by robustly eliciting genuine emotions, these stimuli have helped elucidate the brain basis of both basic and social emotions apparently manifested as highly overlapping yet distinguishable patterns of brain activity.
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Nanni M, Martínez-Soto J, Gonzalez-Santos L, Barrios FA. Neural correlates of the natural observation of an emotionally loaded video. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198731. [PMID: 29883494 PMCID: PMC5993250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies based on a paradigm of free or natural viewing have revealed characteristics that allow us to know how the brain processes stimuli within a natural environment. This method has been little used to study brain function. With a connectivity approach, we examine the processing of emotions using an exploratory method to analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. This research describes our approach to modeling stress paradigms suitable for neuroimaging environments. We showed a short film (4.54 minutes) with high negative emotional valence and high arousal content to 24 healthy male subjects (36.42 years old; SD = 12.14) during fMRI. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to identify networks based on spatial statistical independence. Through this analysis we identified the sensorimotor system and its influence on the dorsal attention and default-mode networks, which in turn have reciprocal activity and modulate networks described as emotional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanni Nanni
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Neurobiología, Querétaro, México
| | - Joel Martínez-Soto
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Neurobiología, Querétaro, México
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, México
| | | | - Fernando A. Barrios
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Neurobiología, Querétaro, México
- * E-mail:
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Feldker K, Heitmann CY, Neumeister P, Bruchmann M, Vibrans L, Zwitserlood P, Straube T. Brain responses to disorder-related visual threat in panic disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:4439-4453. [PMID: 27436308 PMCID: PMC6867252 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Panic disorder (PD) patients show aberrant neural responses to threatening stimuli in an extended fear network, but results are only partially comparable, and studies implementing disorder-related visual scenes are lacking as stimuli. The neural responses and functional connectivity to a newly developed set of disorder-related, ecologically valid scenes as compared with matched neutral visual scenes, using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 26 PD patients and 26 healthy controls (HC) were investigated. PD patients versus HC showed hyperactivation in an extended fear network comprising brainstem, insula, thalamus, anterior, and mid-cingulate cortex and (dorso-)medial prefrontal cortex for disorder-related versus neutral scenes. Amygdala differences between groups failed significance. Subjective levels of anxiety significantly correlated with brainstem activation in PD patients. Analysis of functional connectivity by means of beta series correlation revealed no emotion-specific alterations in connectivity in PD patients versus HC. The results suggest that subjective anxiety evoked by external stimuli is directly related to altered activation in the homeostatic alarm system in PD. With novel disorder-related stimuli, the study sheds new light on the neural underpinnings of pathological threat processing in PD. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4439-4453, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Feldker
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems NeuroscienceUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Carina Yvonne Heitmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems NeuroscienceUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Paula Neumeister
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems NeuroscienceUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Maximilian Bruchmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems NeuroscienceUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Laura Vibrans
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems NeuroscienceUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | | | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems NeuroscienceUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
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Shared Neural Mechanisms for the Evaluation of Intense Sensory Stimulation and Economic Reward, Dependent on Stimulation-Seeking Behavior. J Neurosci 2016; 36:10026-38. [PMID: 27683900 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1048-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Why are some people strongly motivated by intense sensory experiences? Here we investigated how people encode the value of an intense sensory experience compared with economic reward, and how this varies according to stimulation-seeking preference. Specifically, we used a novel behavioral task in combination with computational modeling to derive the value individuals assigned to the opportunity to experience an intense tactile stimulus (mild electric shock). We then examined functional imaging data recorded during task performance to see how the opportunity to experience the sensory stimulus was encoded in stimulation-seekers versus stimulation-avoiders. We found that for individuals who positively sought out this kind of sensory stimulation, there was common encoding of anticipated economic and sensory rewards in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Conversely, there was robust encoding of the modeled probability of receiving such stimulation in the insula only in stimulation-avoidant individuals. Finally, we found preliminary evidence that sensory prediction error signals may be positively signed for stimulation-seekers, but negatively signed for stimulation-avoiders, in the posterior cingulate cortex. These findings may help explain why high intensity sensory experiences are appetitive for some individuals, but not for others, and may have relevance for the increased vulnerability for some psychopathologies, but perhaps increased resilience for others, in high sensation-seeking individuals. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT People vary in their preference for intense sensory experiences. Here, we investigated how different individuals evaluate the prospect of an unusual sensory experience (electric shock), compared with the opportunity to gain a more traditional reward (money). We found that in a subset of individuals who sought out such unusual sensory stimulation, anticipation of the sensory outcome was encoded in the same way as that of monetary gain, in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Further understanding of stimulation-seeking behavior may shed light on the etiology of psychopathologies such as addiction, for which high or low sensation-seeking personality has been identified as a risk factor.
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Rohr CS, Villringer A, Solms‐Baruth C, van der Meer E, Margulies DS, Okon‐Singer H. The neural networks of subjectively evaluated emotional conflicts. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:2234-46. [PMID: 26991156 PMCID: PMC6867502 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work on the neural underpinnings of emotional conflict processing has largely focused on designs that instruct participants to ignore a distracter which conflicts with a target. In contrast, this study investigated the noninstructed experience and evaluation of an emotional conflict, where positive or negative cues can be subjectively prioritized. To this end, healthy participants freely watched short film scenes that evoked emotional conflicts while their BOLD responses were measured. Participants' individual ratings of conflict and valence perception during the film scenes were collected immediately afterwards, and the individual ratings were regressed against the BOLD data. Our analyses revealed that (a) amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex were significantly involved in prioritizing positive or negative cues, but not in subjective evaluations of conflict per se, and (b) superior temporal sulcus (STS) and inferior parietal lobule (IPL), which have been implicated in social cognition and emotion control, were involved in both prioritizing positive or negative cues and subjectively evaluating conflict, and may thus constitute "hubs" or "switches" in emotional conflict processing. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses further revealed stronger functional connectivity between IPL and ventral prefrontal-medial parietal areas in prioritizing negative cues, and stronger connectivity between STS and dorsal-rostral prefrontal-medial parietal areas in prioritizing positive cues. In sum, our results suggest that IPL and STS are important in the subjective evaluation of complex conflicts and influence valence prioritization via prefrontal and parietal control centers. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2234-2246, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane S. Rohr
- Department of NeurologyMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Mind‐Brain InstituteBerlin School of Mind and BrainCharité and Humboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
- Department of PsychologyHumboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of NeurologyMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Mind‐Brain InstituteBerlin School of Mind and BrainCharité and Humboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Carolina Solms‐Baruth
- Department of NeurologyMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Mind‐Brain InstituteBerlin School of Mind and BrainCharité and Humboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Daniel S. Margulies
- Department of NeurologyMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Mind‐Brain InstituteBerlin School of Mind and BrainCharité and Humboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
- Max Planck Research Group for Neuroanatomy and ConnectivityMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
| | - Hadas Okon‐Singer
- Department of NeurologyMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Mind‐Brain InstituteBerlin School of Mind and BrainCharité and Humboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
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10
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Oboshi Y, Kikuchi M, Shimizu Y, Yoshimura Y, Hiraishi H, Okada H, Magata Y, Ouchi Y. Pre-task prefrontal activation during cognitive processes in aging: a near-infrared spectroscopy study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98779. [PMID: 24897305 PMCID: PMC4045856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cognitive processing generally deteriorates as people age. Recent neuroimaging studies have shown that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in human-specific behavior, such as preparing for future actions and prospective memory; hence, the PFC may be voluntarily activated even during the “resting” condition that precedes task execution. The purpose of the present study was to investigate changes in voluntary pre-task activation as a result of aging using a paradigm that includes a longer intertrial interval (e.g., 30 sec) than has been used in previous studies. Methods A total of 120 cognitively normal adults (young: 60, old: 60) participated in this near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) study. All subjects performed 6 repetitions of the working memory task, which included a 30 sec resting period and a 28.8 sec task period. The resting period was divided into baseline and pre-task (preT) periods, and the task period was divided into early easy task (eT) and late difficult task (dT) periods. We then normalized the data, analyzed the magnitude of task-related NIRS responses in each period and compared the results between groups using an analysis of variance test. Results Statistical analyses revealed a significant interaction between group × optode location × period, in which hemodynamic responses in the PFC during the preT period were smaller in the elderly in than young adults. By contrast, during the task period, the hemodynamic responses were higher in the lateral PFC in the elderly than in young adults. Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between hemodynamic changes during the preT period in the PFC and correct answer ratios in both groups. Conclusions These findings suggest that more pre-task activation in the anterior PFC is related to better cognitive performance in humans. Thus, a reduction in this activation might partly explain cognitive decline in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Oboshi
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Tokoha University, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Shimizu
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshimura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Hiraishi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Magata
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Ouchi
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Pichon S, Miendlarzewska EA, Eryilmaz H, Vuilleumier P. Cumulative activation during positive and negative events and state anxiety predicts subsequent inertia of amygdala reactivity. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 10:180-90. [PMID: 24603023 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inertia, together with intensity and valence, is an important component of emotion. We tested whether positive and negative events generate lingering changes in subsequent brain responses to unrelated threat stimuli and investigated the impact of individual anxiety. We acquired fMRI data while participants watched positive or negative movie-clips and subsequently performed an unrelated task with fearful and neutral faces. We quantified changes in amygdala reactivity to fearful faces as a function of the valence of preceding movies and cumulative neural activity evoked during them. We demonstrate that amygdala responses to emotional movies spill over to subsequent processing of threat information in a valence-specific manner: negative movies enhance later amygdala activation whereas positive movies attenuate it. Critically, the magnitude of such changes is predicted by a measure of cumulative amygdala responses to the preceding positive or negative movies. These effects appear independent of overt attention, are regionally limited to amygdala, with no changes in functional connectivity. Finally, individuals with higher state anxiety displayed stronger modulation of amygdala reactivity by positive movies. These results suggest that intensity and valence of emotional events as well as anxiety levels promote local changes in amygdala sensitivity to threat, highlighting the importance of past experience in shaping future affective reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swann Pichon
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland, and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland, and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ewa A Miendlarzewska
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland, and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Hamdi Eryilmaz
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland, and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland, and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland, and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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12
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Mutschler I, Reinbold C, Wankerl J, Seifritz E, Ball T. Structural basis of empathy and the domain general region in the anterior insular cortex. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:177. [PMID: 23675334 PMCID: PMC3648769 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Empathy is key for healthy social functioning and individual differences in empathy have strong implications for manifold domains of social behavior. Empathy comprises of emotional and cognitive components and may also be closely linked to sensorimotor processes, which go along with the motivation and behavior to respond compassionately to another person's feelings. There is growing evidence for local plastic change in the structure of the healthy adult human brain in response to environmental demands or intrinsic factors. Here we have investigated changes in brain structure resulting from or predisposing to empathy. Structural MRI data of 101 healthy adult females was analyzed. Empathy in fictitious as well as real-life situations was assessed using a validated self-evaluation measure. Furthermore, empathy-related structural effects were also put into the context of a functional map of the anterior insular cortex (AIC) determined by activation likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analysis of previous functional imaging studies. We found that gray matter (GM) density in the left dorsal AIC correlates with empathy and that this area overlaps with the domain general region (DGR) of the anterior insula that is situated in-between functional systems involved in emotion-cognition, pain, and motor tasks as determined by our meta-analysis. Thus, we propose that this insular region where we find structural differences depending on individual empathy may play a crucial role in modulating the efficiency of neural integration underlying emotional, cognitive, and sensorimotor information which is essential for global empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Mutschler
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel Basel, Switzerland ; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego (UCSD) La Jolla, California, USA
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