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Hanania JU, Reimers E, Bevington CWJ, Sossi V. PET-based brain molecular connectivity in neurodegenerative disease. Curr Opin Neurol 2024; 37:353-360. [PMID: 38813843 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Molecular imaging has traditionally been used and interpreted primarily in the context of localized and relatively static neurochemical processes. New understanding of brain function and development of novel molecular imaging protocols and analysis methods highlights the relevance of molecular networks that co-exist and interact with functional and structural networks. Although the concept and evidence of disease-specific metabolic brain patterns has existed for some time, only recently has such an approach been applied in the neurotransmitter domain and in the context of multitracer and multimodal studies. This review briefly summarizes initial findings and highlights emerging applications enabled by this new approach. RECENT FINDINGS Connectivity based approaches applied to molecular and multimodal imaging have uncovered molecular networks with neurodegeneration-related alterations to metabolism and neurotransmission that uniquely relate to clinical findings; better disease stratification paradigms; an improved understanding of the relationships between neurochemical and functional networks and their related alterations, although the directionality of these relationships are still unresolved; and a new understanding of the molecular underpinning of disease-related alteration in resting-state brain activity. SUMMARY Connectivity approaches are poised to greatly enhance the information that can be extracted from molecular imaging. While currently mostly contributing to enhancing understanding of brain function, they are highly likely to contribute to the identification of specific biomarkers that will improve disease management and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Reimers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Pedersen R, Johansson J, Nordin K, Rieckmann A, Wåhlin A, Nyberg L, Bäckman L, Salami A. Dopamine D1-Receptor Organization Contributes to Functional Brain Architecture. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0621232024. [PMID: 38302439 PMCID: PMC10941071 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0621-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent work has recognized a gradient-like organization in cortical function, spanning from primary sensory to transmodal cortices. It has been suggested that this axis is aligned with regional differences in neurotransmitter expression. Given the abundance of dopamine D1-receptors (D1DR), and its importance for modulation and neural gain, we tested the hypothesis that D1DR organization is aligned with functional architecture, and that inter-regional relationships in D1DR co-expression modulate functional cross talk. Using the world's largest dopamine D1DR-PET and MRI database (N = 180%, 50% female), we demonstrate that D1DR organization follows a unimodal-transmodal hierarchy, expressing a high spatial correspondence to the principal gradient of functional connectivity. We also demonstrate that individual differences in D1DR density between unimodal and transmodal regions are associated with functional differentiation of the apices in the cortical hierarchy. Finally, we show that spatial co-expression of D1DR primarily modulates couplings within, but not between, functional networks. Together, our results show that D1DR co-expression provides a biomolecular layer to the functional organization of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Pedersen
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
| | - Jarkko Johansson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
| | - Kristin Nordin
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm S-17165, Sweden
| | - Anna Rieckmann
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sozialrecht und Sozialpolitik, Munich 80799, Germany
| | - Anders Wåhlin
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm S-17165, Sweden
| | - Alireza Salami
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå S-90197, Sweden
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm S-17165, Sweden
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Lawn T, Howard MA, Turkheimer F, Misic B, Deco G, Martins D, Dipasquale O. From Neurotransmitters to Networks: Transcending Organisational Hierarchies with Molecular-informed Functional Imaging. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105193. [PMID: 37086932 PMCID: PMC10390343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The human brain exhibits complex interactions across micro, meso-, and macro-scale organisational principles. Recent synergistic multi-modal approaches have begun to link micro-scale information to systems level dynamics, transcending organisational hierarchies and offering novel perspectives into the brain's function and dysfunction. Specifically, the distribution of micro-scale properties (such as receptor density or gene expression) can be mapped onto macro-scale measures from functional MRI to provide novel neurobiological insights. Methodological approaches to enrich functional imaging analyses with molecular information are rapidly evolving, with several streams of research having developed relatively independently, each offering unique potential to explore the trans-hierarchical functioning of the brain. Here, we address the three principal streams of research - spatial correlation, molecular-enriched network, and in-silico whole brain modelling analyses - to provide a critical overview of the different sources of molecular information, how this information can be utilised within analyses of fMRI data, the merits and pitfalls of each methodology, and, through the use of key examples, highlight their promise to shed new light on key domains of neuroscientific inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Lawn
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Matthew A Howard
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Ramon Trias Fargas 25-27, Barcelona 08005, Spain; Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Daniel Martins
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Ottavia Dipasquale
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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4
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Sala A, Lizarraga A, Caminiti SP, Calhoun VD, Eickhoff SB, Habeck C, Jamadar SD, Perani D, Pereira JB, Veronese M, Yakushev I. Brain connectomics: time for a molecular imaging perspective? Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:353-366. [PMID: 36621368 PMCID: PMC10432882 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades brain connectomics has evolved into a major concept in neuroscience. However, the current perspective on brain connectivity and how it underpins brain function relies mainly on the hemodynamic signal of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Molecular imaging provides unique information inaccessible to MRI-based and electrophysiological techniques. Thus, positron emission tomography (PET) has been successfully applied to measure neural activity, neurotransmission, and proteinopathies in normal and pathological cognition. Here, we position molecular imaging within the brain connectivity framework from the perspective of timeliness, validity, reproducibility, and resolution. We encourage the neuroscientific community to take an integrative approach whereby MRI-based, electrophysiological techniques, and molecular imaging contribute to our understanding of the brain connectome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Sala
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany; Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; Centre du Cerveau(2), University Hospital of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Aldana Lizarraga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Paola Caminiti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain, and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Habeck
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sharna D Jamadar
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, 3800 Melbourne, Australia; Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, 3800 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniela Perani
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Joana B Pereira
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden; Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö Lund University, 20502 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Igor Yakushev
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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5
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Vamvakas A, Lawn T, Veronese M, Williams SCR, Tsougos I, Howard MA. Neurotransmitter receptor densities are associated with changes in regional Cerebral blood flow during clinical ongoing pain. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:5235-5249. [PMID: 35796178 PMCID: PMC9812236 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial spin labelling (ASL) plays an increasingly important role in neuroimaging pain research but does not provide molecular insights regarding how regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) relates to underlying neurotransmission. Here, we integrate ASL with positron emission tomography (PET) and brain transcriptome data to investigate the molecular substrates of rCBF underlying clinically relevant pain states. Two data sets, representing acute and chronic ongoing pain respectively, were utilised to quantify changes in rCBF; one examining pre-surgical versus post-surgical pain, and the second comparing patients with painful hand Osteoarthritis to a group of matched controls. We implemented a whole-brain spatial correlation analysis to explore associations between change in rCBF (ΔCBF) and neurotransmitter receptor distributions derived from normative PET templates. Additionally, we utilised transcriptomic data from the Allen Brain Atlas to inform distributions of receptor expression. Both datasets presented significant correlations of ΔCBF with the μ-opioid and dopamine-D2 receptor expressions, which play fundamental roles in brain activity associated with pain experiences. ΔCBF also correlated with the gene expression distributions of several receptors involved in pain processing. Overall, this is the first study illustrating the molecular basis of ongoing pain ASL indices and emphasises the potential of rCBF as a biomarker in pain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Vamvakas
- Medical Physics Department, Medical SchoolUniversity of ThessalyLarisaGreece
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Timothy Lawn
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Steven C. R. Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ioannis Tsougos
- Medical Physics Department, Medical SchoolUniversity of ThessalyLarisaGreece
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Matthew A. Howard
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
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6
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Kaur H, Siwal SS, Saini RV, Singh N, Thakur VK. Significance of an Electrochemical Sensor and Nanocomposites: Toward the Electrocatalytic Detection of Neurotransmitters and Their Importance within the Physiological System. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 3:1-27. [PMID: 37101467 PMCID: PMC10125382 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A prominent neurotransmitter (NT), dopamine (DA), is a chemical messenger that transmits signals between one neuron to the next to pass on a signal to and from the central nervous system (CNS). The imbalanced concentration of DA may cause numerous neurological sicknesses and syndromes, for example, Parkinson's disease (PD) and schizophrenia. There are many types of NTs in the brain, including epinephrine, norepinephrine (NE), serotonin, and glutamate. Electrochemical sensors have offered a creative direction to biomedical analysis and testing. Researches are in progress to improve the performance of sensors and develop new protocols for sensor design. This review article focuses on the area of sensor growth to discover the applicability of polymers and metallic particles and composite materials as tools in electrochemical sensor surface incorporation. Electrochemical sensors have attracted the attention of researchers as they possess high sensitivity, quick reaction rate, good controllability, and instantaneous detection. Efficient complex materials provide considerable benefits for biological detection as they have exclusive chemical and physical properties. Due to distinctive electrocatalytic characteristics, metallic nanoparticles add fascinating traits to materials that depend on the material's morphology and size. Herein, we have collected much information on NTs and their importance within the physiological system. Furthermore, the electrochemical sensors and corresponding techniques (such as voltammetric, amperometry, impedance, and chronoamperometry) and the different types of electrodes' roles in the analysis of NTs are discussed. Furthermore, other methods for detecting NTs include optical and microdialysis methods. Finally, we show the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques and conclude remarks with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjot Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, M.M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Samarjeet Singh Siwal
- Department of Chemistry, M.M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Reena V. Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Nirankar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, M.M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
- Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
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7
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Sun T, Wang Z, Wu Y, Gu F, Li X, Bai Y, Shen C, Hu Z, Liang D, Liu X, Zheng H, Yang Y, El Fakhri G, Zhou Y, Wang M. Identifying the individual metabolic abnormities from a systemic perspective using whole-body PET imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2994-3004. [PMID: 35567627 PMCID: PMC9106794 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Distinct physiological states arise from complex interactions among the various organs present in the human body. PET is a non-invasive modality with numerous successful applications in oncology, neurology, and cardiology. However, while PET imaging has been applied extensively in detecting focal lesions or diseases, its potential in detecting systemic abnormalities is seldom explored, mostly because total-body imaging was not possible until recently. Methods In this context, the present study proposes a framework capable of constructing an individual metabolic abnormality network using a subject’s whole-body 18F-FDG SUV image and a normal control database. The developed framework was evaluated in the patients with lung cancer, the one discharged after suffering from Covid-19 disease, and the one that had gastrointestinal bleeding with the underlying cause unknown. Results The framework could successfully capture the deviation of these patients from healthy subjects at the level of both system and organ. The strength of the altered network edges revealed the abnormal metabolic connection between organs. The overall deviation of the network nodes was observed to be highly correlated to the organ SUV measures. Therefore, the molecular connectivity of glucose metabolism was characterized at a single subject level. Conclusion The proposed framework represents a significant step toward the use of PET imaging for identifying metabolic dysfunction from a systemic perspective. A better understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms and the physiological interpretation of the interregional connections identified in the present study warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyun Gu
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Statistics, School of Mathematical Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chushu Shen
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanli Hu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Liang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yun Zhou
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyun Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Wu Z, Lin D, Li Y. Pushing the frontiers: tools for monitoring neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:257-274. [PMID: 35361961 PMCID: PMC11163306 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators have a wide range of key roles throughout the nervous system. However, their dynamics in both health and disease have been challenging to assess, owing to the lack of in vivo tools to track them with high spatiotemporal resolution. Thus, developing a platform that enables minimally invasive, large-scale and long-term monitoring of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators with high sensitivity, high molecular specificity and high spatiotemporal resolution has been essential. Here, we review the methods available for monitoring the dynamics of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Following a brief summary of non-genetically encoded methods, we focus on recent developments in genetically encoded fluorescent indicators, highlighting how these novel indicators have facilitated advances in our understanding of the functional roles of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the nervous system. These studies present a promising outlook for the future development and use of tools to monitor neurotransmitters and neuromodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofa Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Dayu Lin
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.
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Non-Peptide Opioids Differ in Effects on Mu-Opioid (MOP) and Serotonin 1A (5-HT 1A) Receptors Heterodimerization and Cellular Effectors (Ca 2+, ERK1/2 and p38) Activation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072350. [PMID: 35408749 PMCID: PMC9000251 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the dynamic interplay between the opioid and the serotonin neuromodulatory systems in chronic pain is well recognized. In this study, we investigated whether these two signalling pathways can be integrated at the single-cell level via direct interactions between the mu-opioid (MOP) and the serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptors. Using fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS), a quantitative method with single-molecule sensitivity, we characterized in live cells MOP and 5-HT1A interactions and the effects of prolonged (18 h) exposure to selected non-peptide opioids: morphine, codeine, oxycodone and fentanyl, on the extent of these interactions. The results indicate that in the plasma membrane, MOP and 5-HT1A receptors form heterodimers that are characterized with an apparent dissociation constant Kdapp = (440 ± 70) nM). Prolonged exposure to all non-peptide opioids tested facilitated MOP and 5-HT1A heterodimerization and stabilized the heterodimer complexes, albeit to a different extent: Kd, Fentanylapp = (80 ± 70) nM), Kd,Morphineapp = (200 ± 70) nM, Kd, Codeineapp = (100 ± 70) nM and Kd, Oxycodoneapp = (200 ± 70) nM. The non-peptide opioids differed also in the extent to which they affected the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38 and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk1/2), with morphine, codeine and fentanyl activating both pathways, whereas oxycodone activated p38 but not ERK1/2. Acute stimulation with different non-peptide opioids differently affected the intracellular Ca2+ levels and signalling dynamics. Hypothetically, targeting MOP−5-HT1A heterodimer formation could become a new strategy to counteract opioid induced hyperalgesia and help to preserve the analgesic effects of opioids in chronic pain.
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10
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μ-opioid receptor availability is associated with sex drive in human males. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE, & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:281-290. [PMID: 34811707 PMCID: PMC8983533 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous mu-opioid receptor (MOR) system modulates a multitude of social and reward-related functions, and exogenous opiates also influence sex drive in humans and animals. Sex drive shows substantial variation across humans, and it is possible that individual differences in MOR availability underlie interindividual of variation in human sex drive. We measured healthy male subjects’ (n = 52) brain’s MOR availability with positron emission tomography (PET) using an agonist radioligand, [11C]carfentanil, that has high affinity for MORs. Sex drive was measured using self-reports of engaging in sexual behaviour (sex with partner and masturbating). Bayesian hierarchical regression analysis revealed that sex drive was positively associated with MOR availability in cortical and subcortical areas, notably in caudate nucleus, hippocampus, and cingulate cortices. These results were replicated in full-volume GLM analysis. These widespread effects are in line with high spatial autocorrelation in MOR expression in human brain. Complementary voxel-based morphometry analysis (n = 108) of anatomical MR images provided limited evidence for positive association between sex drive and cortical density in the midcingulate cortex. We conclude that endogenous MOR tone is associated with individual differences in sex drive in human males.
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11
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NRM 2021 Abstract Booklet. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:11-309. [PMID: 34905986 PMCID: PMC8851538 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211061050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Obesity risk is associated with altered cerebral glucose metabolism and decreased μ-opioid and CB 1 receptor availability. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 46:400-407. [PMID: 34728775 PMCID: PMC8794779 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a pressing public health concern worldwide. Novel pharmacological means are urgently needed to combat the increase of obesity and accompanying type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although fully established obesity is associated with neuromolecular alterations and insulin resistance in the brain, potential obesity-promoting mechanisms in the central nervous system have remained elusive. In this triple-tracer positron emission tomography study, we investigated whether brain insulin signaling, μ-opioid receptors (MORs) and cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) are associated with risk for developing obesity. METHODS Subjects were 41 young non-obese males with variable obesity risk profiles. Obesity risk was assessed by subjects' physical exercise habits, body mass index and familial risk factors, including parental obesity and T2D. Brain glucose uptake was quantified with [18F]FDG during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, MORs were quantified with [11C]carfentanil and CB1Rs with [18F]FMPEP-d2. RESULTS Subjects with higher obesity risk had globally increased insulin-stimulated brain glucose uptake (19 high-risk subjects versus 19 low-risk subjects), and familial obesity risk factors were associated with increased brain glucose uptake (38 subjects) but decreased availability of MORs (41 subjects) and CB1Rs (36 subjects). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the hereditary mechanisms promoting obesity may be partly mediated via insulin, opioid and endocannabinoid messaging systems in the brain.
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Kantonen T, Karjalainen T, Pekkarinen L, Isojärvi J, Kalliokoski K, Kaasinen V, Hirvonen J, Nuutila P, Nummenmaa L. Cerebral μ-opioid and CB 1 receptor systems have distinct roles in human feeding behavior. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:442. [PMID: 34453034 PMCID: PMC8397789 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating behavior varies greatly between individuals, but the neurobiological basis of these trait-like differences in feeding remains poorly understood. Central μ-opioid receptors (MOR) and cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) regulate energy balance via multiple neural pathways, promoting food intake and reward. Because obesity and eating disorders have been associated with alterations in the brain's opioid and endocannabinoid signaling, the variation in MOR and CB1R system function could potentially underlie distinct eating behavior phenotypes. In this retrospective positron emission tomography (PET) study, we analyzed [11C]carfentanil PET scans of MORs from 92 healthy subjects (70 males and 22 females), and [18F]FMPEP-d2 scans of CB1Rs from 35 subjects (all males, all also included in the [11C]carfentanil sample). Eating styles were measured with the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). We found that lower cerebral MOR availability was associated with increased external eating-individuals with low MORs reported being more likely to eat in response to environment's palatable food cues. CB1R availability was associated with multiple eating behavior traits. We conclude that although MORs and CB1Rs overlap anatomically in brain regions regulating food reward, they have distinct roles in mediating individual feeding patterns. Central MOR system might provide a pharmacological target for reducing individual's excessive cue-reactive eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatu Kantonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tomi Karjalainen
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Pekkarinen
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XDepartment of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Janne Isojärvi
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Kalliokoski
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XNeurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XDepartment of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Seasonal Variation in the Brain μ-Opioid Receptor Availability. J Neurosci 2021; 41:1265-1273. [PMID: 33361461 PMCID: PMC7888218 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2380-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal rhythms influence mood and sociability. The brain μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system modulates a multitude of seasonally varying socioemotional functions, but its seasonal variation remains elusive with no previously reported in vivo evidence. Here, we first conducted a cross-sectional study with previously acquired human [11C]carfentanil PET imaging data (132 male and 72 female healthy subjects) to test whether there is seasonal variation in MOR availability. We then investigated experimentally whether seasonal variation in daylength causally influences brain MOR availability in rats. Rats (six male and three female rats) underwent daylength cycle simulating seasonal changes; control animals (two male and one female rats) were kept under constant daylength. Animals were scanned repeatedly with [11C]carfentanil PET imaging. Seasonally varying daylength had an inverted U-shaped functional relationship with brain MOR availability in humans. Brain regions sensitive to daylength spanned the socioemotional brain circuits, where MOR availability peaked during spring. In rats, MOR availabilities in the brain neocortex, thalamus, and striatum peaked at intermediate daylength. Varying daylength also affected the weight gain and stress hormone levels. We conclude that cerebral MOR availability in humans and rats shows significant seasonal variation, which is predominately associated with seasonal photoperiodic variation. Given the intimate links between MOR signaling and socioemotional behavior, these results suggest that the MOR system might underlie seasonal variation in human mood and social behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Seasonal rhythms influence emotion and sociability. The central μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system modulates numerous seasonally varying socioemotional functions, but its seasonal variation remains elusive. Here we used positron emission tomography to show that MOR levels in both human and rat brains show daylength-dependent seasonal variation. The highest MOR availability was observed at intermediate daylengths. Given the intimate links between MOR signaling and socioemotional behavior, these results suggest that the MOR system might underlie seasonal variation in human mood and social behavior.
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Sabatini BL, Tian L. Imaging Neurotransmitter and Neuromodulator Dynamics In Vivo with Genetically Encoded Indicators. Neuron 2020; 108:17-32. [PMID: 33058762 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The actions of neuromodulation are thought to mediate the ability of the mammalian brain to dynamically adjust its functional state in response to changes in the environment. Altered neurotransmitter (NT) and neuromodulator (NM) signaling is central to the pathogenesis or treatment of many human neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, depression, and addiction. To reveal the precise mechanisms by which these neurochemicals regulate healthy and diseased neural circuitry, one needs to measure their spatiotemporal dynamics in the living brain with great precision. Here, we discuss recent development, optimization, and applications of optical approaches to measure the spatial and temporal profiles of NT and NM release in the brain using genetically encoded sensors for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L Sabatini
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lin Tian
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Nummenmaa L, Karjalainen T, Isojärvi J, Kantonen T, Tuisku J, Kaasinen V, Joutsa J, Nuutila P, Kalliokoski K, Hirvonen J, Hietala J, Rinne J. Lowered endogenous mu-opioid receptor availability in subclinical depression and anxiety. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1953-1959. [PMID: 32473595 PMCID: PMC7608336 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is associated with lowered mood, anxiety, anhedonia, sleep problems, and cognitive impairments. Many of these functions are regulated by μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system. Preclinical, in vivo, and post-mortem studies have however yielded inconclusive results regarding the role of the MOR in depression and anxiety. Moreover, it is not known whether alterations in MOR are already present in subclinical depression and anxiety. In a large-scale retrospective cross-sectional study we pooled data from 135 (113 males and 22 females) healthy subjects whose brain's MOR availability was measured with positron emission tomography (PET) using an agonist radioligand [11C]carfentanil that has high affinity for MORs. Depressive and anxious symptomology was addressed with BDI-II and STAI-X questionnaires, respectively. Both anxiety and depression scores in the subclinical range were negatively associated with MOR availability in cortical and subcortical areas, notably in amygdala, hippocampus, ventral striatum, and orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices. We conclude that dysregulated MOR availability is involved in altered mood and pathophysiology of depression and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku University Hospital University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | - Tatu Kantonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jouni Tuisku
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juho Joutsa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Turku University Hospital University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Vanhaute H, Ceccarini J, Michiels L, Koole M, Sunaert S, Lemmens R, Triau E, Emsell L, Vandenbulcke M, Van Laere K. In vivo synaptic density loss is related to tau deposition in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Neurology 2020; 95:e545-e553. [PMID: 32493717 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate in vivo whether synaptic loss and neurofibrillary tangle load spatially overlap and correlate with clinical symptoms in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 10 patients with aMCI and 10 healthy controls underwent triple PET-MRI with 11C-UCB-J (synaptic vesicle protein 2A), 18F-MK-6240 (tau deposition), and 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (β-amyloid) and neuropsychological assessment. Gray matter atrophy was assessed by voxel-based morphometry with T1-weighted MRIs. Voxel-wise and volume-of-interest analyses were conducted on PET data. The interrelationship of synaptic density and tau deposition was investigated. We also investigated correlations of 18F-MK-6240 and 11C-UCB-J binding with cognitive performance. RESULTS Compared to controls, patients with aMCI showed a decreased 11C-UCB-J binding mainly in substructures of the medial temporal lobe (MTL; 48%-51%, p cluster = 0.02). Increased 18F-MK6240 binding in the same region was observed (42%-44%, p cluster = 0.0003), spreading to association cortices. In the MTL, higher 18F-MK-6240 binding inversely related to lower 11C-UCB-J binding (p = 0.02, r = -0.76). Decreased performance on cognitive tests was associated with both increased 18F-MK-6240 and decreased 11C-UCB-J binding in the hippocampus (p < 0.01, r > 0.7), although in a multivariate analysis only 18F-MK-6240 binding was significantly related to cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS Patients with aMCI have high tau deposition and synaptic density loss mainly in key regions known to be involved in early cognitive impairment, indicating that these are interrelated in the MTL, while tau binding had already spread toward association cortices. Longitudinal data are needed to provide further insight into the temporal aspects of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Vanhaute
- From the Division of Nuclear Medicine (H.V., J.C., M.K., K.V.L.) and Department of Neurology (L.M., R.L.), University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (H.V., J.C., M.K., S.S., L.E., K.V.L.) and Translational MRI (S.S., L.E.), Department of Imaging and Pathology, and Department of Geriatric Psychiatry (H.V., L.E., M.V.), University Psychiatric Centre, Laboratory for Neurobiology (L.M., R.L.), KU Leuven; and Center for Brain and Disease Research (L.M., R.L.), VIB-KU Leuven, Belgium. Dr. Triau is in private practice in Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jenny Ceccarini
- From the Division of Nuclear Medicine (H.V., J.C., M.K., K.V.L.) and Department of Neurology (L.M., R.L.), University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (H.V., J.C., M.K., S.S., L.E., K.V.L.) and Translational MRI (S.S., L.E.), Department of Imaging and Pathology, and Department of Geriatric Psychiatry (H.V., L.E., M.V.), University Psychiatric Centre, Laboratory for Neurobiology (L.M., R.L.), KU Leuven; and Center for Brain and Disease Research (L.M., R.L.), VIB-KU Leuven, Belgium. Dr. Triau is in private practice in Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Michiels
- From the Division of Nuclear Medicine (H.V., J.C., M.K., K.V.L.) and Department of Neurology (L.M., R.L.), University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (H.V., J.C., M.K., S.S., L.E., K.V.L.) and Translational MRI (S.S., L.E.), Department of Imaging and Pathology, and Department of Geriatric Psychiatry (H.V., L.E., M.V.), University Psychiatric Centre, Laboratory for Neurobiology (L.M., R.L.), KU Leuven; and Center for Brain and Disease Research (L.M., R.L.), VIB-KU Leuven, Belgium. Dr. Triau is in private practice in Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- From the Division of Nuclear Medicine (H.V., J.C., M.K., K.V.L.) and Department of Neurology (L.M., R.L.), University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (H.V., J.C., M.K., S.S., L.E., K.V.L.) and Translational MRI (S.S., L.E.), Department of Imaging and Pathology, and Department of Geriatric Psychiatry (H.V., L.E., M.V.), University Psychiatric Centre, Laboratory for Neurobiology (L.M., R.L.), KU Leuven; and Center for Brain and Disease Research (L.M., R.L.), VIB-KU Leuven, Belgium. Dr. Triau is in private practice in Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- From the Division of Nuclear Medicine (H.V., J.C., M.K., K.V.L.) and Department of Neurology (L.M., R.L.), University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (H.V., J.C., M.K., S.S., L.E., K.V.L.) and Translational MRI (S.S., L.E.), Department of Imaging and Pathology, and Department of Geriatric Psychiatry (H.V., L.E., M.V.), University Psychiatric Centre, Laboratory for Neurobiology (L.M., R.L.), KU Leuven; and Center for Brain and Disease Research (L.M., R.L.), VIB-KU Leuven, Belgium. Dr. Triau is in private practice in Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Lemmens
- From the Division of Nuclear Medicine (H.V., J.C., M.K., K.V.L.) and Department of Neurology (L.M., R.L.), University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (H.V., J.C., M.K., S.S., L.E., K.V.L.) and Translational MRI (S.S., L.E.), Department of Imaging and Pathology, and Department of Geriatric Psychiatry (H.V., L.E., M.V.), University Psychiatric Centre, Laboratory for Neurobiology (L.M., R.L.), KU Leuven; and Center for Brain and Disease Research (L.M., R.L.), VIB-KU Leuven, Belgium. Dr. Triau is in private practice in Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Triau
- From the Division of Nuclear Medicine (H.V., J.C., M.K., K.V.L.) and Department of Neurology (L.M., R.L.), University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (H.V., J.C., M.K., S.S., L.E., K.V.L.) and Translational MRI (S.S., L.E.), Department of Imaging and Pathology, and Department of Geriatric Psychiatry (H.V., L.E., M.V.), University Psychiatric Centre, Laboratory for Neurobiology (L.M., R.L.), KU Leuven; and Center for Brain and Disease Research (L.M., R.L.), VIB-KU Leuven, Belgium. Dr. Triau is in private practice in Leuven, Belgium
| | - Louise Emsell
- From the Division of Nuclear Medicine (H.V., J.C., M.K., K.V.L.) and Department of Neurology (L.M., R.L.), University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (H.V., J.C., M.K., S.S., L.E., K.V.L.) and Translational MRI (S.S., L.E.), Department of Imaging and Pathology, and Department of Geriatric Psychiatry (H.V., L.E., M.V.), University Psychiatric Centre, Laboratory for Neurobiology (L.M., R.L.), KU Leuven; and Center for Brain and Disease Research (L.M., R.L.), VIB-KU Leuven, Belgium. Dr. Triau is in private practice in Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- From the Division of Nuclear Medicine (H.V., J.C., M.K., K.V.L.) and Department of Neurology (L.M., R.L.), University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (H.V., J.C., M.K., S.S., L.E., K.V.L.) and Translational MRI (S.S., L.E.), Department of Imaging and Pathology, and Department of Geriatric Psychiatry (H.V., L.E., M.V.), University Psychiatric Centre, Laboratory for Neurobiology (L.M., R.L.), KU Leuven; and Center for Brain and Disease Research (L.M., R.L.), VIB-KU Leuven, Belgium. Dr. Triau is in private practice in Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- From the Division of Nuclear Medicine (H.V., J.C., M.K., K.V.L.) and Department of Neurology (L.M., R.L.), University Hospitals Leuven; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (H.V., J.C., M.K., S.S., L.E., K.V.L.) and Translational MRI (S.S., L.E.), Department of Imaging and Pathology, and Department of Geriatric Psychiatry (H.V., L.E., M.V.), University Psychiatric Centre, Laboratory for Neurobiology (L.M., R.L.), KU Leuven; and Center for Brain and Disease Research (L.M., R.L.), VIB-KU Leuven, Belgium. Dr. Triau is in private practice in Leuven, Belgium
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Verger A, Horowitz T, Chawki MB, Eusebio A, Bordonne M, Azulay JP, Girard N, Guedj E. From metabolic connectivity to molecular connectivity: application to dopaminergic pathways. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 47:413-424. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ashok AH, Myers J, Reis Marques T, Rabiner EA, Howes OD. Reduced mu opioid receptor availability in schizophrenia revealed with [ 11C]-carfentanil positron emission tomographic Imaging. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4493. [PMID: 31582737 PMCID: PMC6776653 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative symptoms, such as amotivation and anhedonia, are a major cause of functional impairment in schizophrenia. There are currently no licensed treatments for negative symptoms, highlighting the need to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying them. Mu-opioid receptors (MOR) in the striatum play a key role in hedonic processing and reward function and are reduced post-mortem in schizophrenia. However, it is unknown if mu-opioid receptor availability is altered in-vivo or related to negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Using [11 C]-carfentanil positron emission tomography (PET) scans in 19 schizophrenia patients and 20 age-matched healthy controls, here we show a significantly lower MOR availability in patients with schizophrenia in the striatum (Cohen's d = 0.7), and the hedonic network. In addition, we report a marked global increase in inter-regional covariance of MOR availability in schizophrenia, largely due to increased cortical-subcortical covariance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishekh H Ashok
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatric Imaging Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Imperial College London, London, UK.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.,Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jim Myers
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatric Imaging Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Imperial College London, London, UK.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Invicro, London, UK.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatric Imaging Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.
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20
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Pareek V, Nath B, Roy PK. Role of Neuroimaging Modality in the Assessment of Oxidative Stress in Brain: A Comprehensive Review. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:372-381. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190507102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective:Oxidative stress (OS) is the secondary source of an injury in consequence to the earlier caused primary injury; it is the condition of an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants within the physiological system. OS causes alterations in proteins and DNA structure, leading to inflammation, apoptotic cell death, and tissue damage. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Glioma-induced neurodegeneration and the normal aging-related neuro-degeneration are primarily associated with the increased OS. The present review article is committed to delivering a comprehensive overview of the current neuroimaging modalities which estimates an indirect correlate of OS in the brain. OS-induced changes in white matter tracts and the gray matter volumes are reviewed assessing the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) respectively. Further, the role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to assess the OS-induced alterations of chemical moieties, and thus the resultant structural implications in the neurological disorders are also briefly as well as precisely reviewed.Conclusions:In the present review article we present an overview of the role of neuroimaging modalities in the diagnosis, and longitudinal assessment during treatment of the OS induced changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Pareek
- National Neuroimaging Facility, Computational Neuroscience & Neuroimaging Department, National Brain Research Center, Manesar, Haryana, 122052, India
| | - Banshi Nath
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec QC, Canada
| | - Prasun K. Roy
- Computational Neuroscience & Neuro-Imaging Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 122005, India
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21
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The role of co-neurotransmitters in sleep and wake regulation. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1284-1295. [PMID: 30377299 PMCID: PMC6491268 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sleep and wakefulness control in the mammalian brain requires the coordination of various discrete interconnected neurons. According to the most conventional sleep model, wake-promoting neurons (WPNs) and sleep-promoting neurons (SPNs) compete for network dominance, creating a systematic "switch" that results in either the sleep or awake state. WPNs and SPNs are ubiquitous in the brainstem and diencephalon, areas that together contain <1% of the neurons in the human brain. Interestingly, many of these WPNs and SPNs co-express and co-release various types of the neurotransmitters that often have opposing modulatory effects on the network. Co-transmission is often beneficial to structures with limited numbers of neurons because it provides increasing computational capability and flexibility. Moreover, co-transmission allows subcortical structures to bi-directionally control postsynaptic neurons, thus helping to orchestrate several complex physiological functions such as sleep. Here, we present an in-depth review of co-transmission in hypothalamic WPNs and SPNs and discuss its functional significance in the sleep-wake network.
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22
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Sala A, Perani D. Brain Molecular Connectivity in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Recent Advances and New Perspectives Using Positron Emission Tomography. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:617. [PMID: 31258466 PMCID: PMC6587303 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) represents a unique molecular tool to get in vivo access to a wide spectrum of biological and neuropathological processes, of crucial relevance for neurodegenerative conditions. Although most PET findings are based on massive univariate approaches, in the last decade the increasing interest in multivariate methods has paved the way to the assessment of unexplored cerebral features, spanning from resting state brain networks to whole-brain connectome properties. Currently, the combination of molecular neuroimaging techniques with multivariate connectivity methods represents one of the most powerful, yet still emerging, approach to achieve novel insights into the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will summarize the available evidence in the field of PET molecular connectivity, with the aim to provide an overview of how these studies may increase the understanding of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, over and above "traditional" structural/functional connectivity studies. Considering the available evidence, a major focus will be represented by molecular connectivity studies using [18F]FDG-PET, today applied in the major neuropathological spectra, from amyloidopathies and tauopathies to synucleinopathies and beyond. Pioneering studies using PET tracers targeting brain neuropathology and neurotransmission systems for connectivity studies will be discussed, their strengths and limitations highlighted with reference to both applied methodology and results interpretation. The most common methods for molecular connectivity assessment will be reviewed, with particular emphasis on the available strategies to investigate molecular connectivity at the single-subject level, of potential relevance for not only research but also diagnostic purposes. Finally, we will highlight possible future perspectives in the field, with reference in particular to newly available PET tracers, which will expand the application of molecular connectivity to new, exciting, unforeseen possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Sala
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Perani
- Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Unit, Faculty of Psychology, San Raffaele Hospital (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
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23
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Hahn A, Lanzenberger R, Kasper S. Making Sense of Connectivity. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:194-207. [PMID: 30544240 PMCID: PMC6403091 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the assessment of local alterations of specific brain regions, the investigation of entire networks with in vivo neuroimaging techniques has gained increasing attention. In general, connectivity analysis refers to the investigation of links between brain regions, with the aim to characterize their interactions and information transfer. These may represent or relate to different physiological characteristics (structural, functional, or metabolic information) and can be calculated across different levels of granularity (2 regions vs whole brain). In this article, we provide an overview of different connectivity analysis approaches with interpretations and limitations as well as examples in pharmacological imaging and clinical applications. Structural connectivity obtained from diffusion MRI enables the reconstruction of neuronal fiber tracts. These physical links represent major constraints of functional connections, which are in turn defined as correlations between signal time courses. In addition, molecular connectivity approaches based on PET imaging enable the assessment of interregional associations of metabolic demands and neurotransmitter systems. Application of these approaches in clinical investigations has demonstrated novel alterations in various neurological and psychiatric disorders on a network level. Future work should aim for the combined assessment of multiple imaging modalities and to establish robust biomarkers for clinical use. These advancements will further improve the biological interpretation of connectivity metrics and networks of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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24
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Veronese M, Moro L, Arcolin M, Dipasquale O, Rizzo G, Expert P, Khan W, Fisher PM, Svarer C, Bertoldo A, Howes O, Turkheimer FE. Covariance statistics and network analysis of brain PET imaging studies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2496. [PMID: 30792460 PMCID: PMC6385265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of structural and functional neuroimaging data using graph theory has increasingly become a popular approach for visualising and understanding anatomical and functional relationships between different cerebral areas. In this work we applied a network-based approach for brain PET studies using population-based covariance matrices, with the aim to explore topological tracer kinetic differences in cross-sectional investigations. Simulations, test-retest studies and applications to cross-sectional datasets from three different tracers ([18F]FDG, [18F]FDOPA and [11C]SB217045) and more than 400 PET scans were investigated to assess the applicability of the methodology in healthy controls and patients. A validation of statistics, including the assessment of false positive differences in parametric versus permutation testing, was also performed. Results showed good reproducibility and general applicability of the method within the range of experimental settings typical of PET neuroimaging studies, with permutation being the method of choice for the statistical analysis. The use of graph theory for the quantification of [18F]FDG brain PET covariance, including the definition of an entropy metric, proved to be particularly relevant for Alzheimer's disease, showing an association with the progression of the pathology. This study shows that covariance statistics can be applied to PET neuroimaging data to investigate the topological characteristics of the tracer kinetics and its related targets, although sensitivity to experimental variables, group inhomogeneities and image resolution need to be considered when the method is applied to cross-sectional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, IoPPN, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Lucia Moro
- Department of Neuroimaging, IoPPN, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Arcolin
- Department of Neuroimaging, IoPPN, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ottavia Dipasquale
- Department of Neuroimaging, IoPPN, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Expert
- Department of Neuroimaging, IoPPN, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- EPSRC Centre for Mathematics of Precision Healthcare, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wasim Khan
- Department of Neuroimaging, IoPPN, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick M Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Oliver Howes
- Department of Psychosis studies, IoPPN, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Karjalainen T, Seppälä K, Glerean E, Karlsson HK, Lahnakoski JM, Nuutila P, Jääskeläinen IP, Hari R, Sams M, Nummenmaa L. Opioidergic Regulation of Emotional Arousal: A Combined PET–fMRI Study. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:4006-4016. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Emotions can be characterized by dimensions of arousal and valence (pleasantness). While the functional brain bases of emotional arousal and valence have been actively investigated, the neuromolecular underpinnings remain poorly understood. We tested whether the opioid and dopamine systems involved in reward and motivational processes would be associated with emotional arousal and valence. We used in vivo positron emission tomography to quantify μ-opioid receptor and type 2 dopamine receptor (MOR and D2R, respectively) availability in brains of 35 healthy adult females. During subsequent functional magnetic resonance imaging carried out to monitor hemodynamic activity, the subjects viewed movie scenes of varying emotional content. Arousal and valence were associated with hemodynamic activity in brain regions involved in emotional processing, including amygdala, thalamus, and superior temporal sulcus. Cerebral MOR availability correlated negatively with the hemodynamic responses to arousing scenes in amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus, whereas no positive correlations were observed in any brain region. D2R availability—here reliably quantified only in striatum—was not associated with either arousal or valence. These results suggest that emotional arousal is regulated by the MOR system, and that cerebral MOR availability influences brain activity elicited by arousing stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Enrico Glerean
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Juha M Lahnakoski
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Riitta Hari
- Department of Art, Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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26
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Kim JH, Cumming P, Son YD, Kim HK, Joo YH, Kim JH. Altered connectivity between striatal and extrastriatal regions in patients with schizophrenia on maintenance antipsychotics: an [18
F]fallypride PET and functional MRI study. Synapse 2018; 72:e22064. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.22064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hee Kim
- Research Institute for Advanced Industrial Technology; Korea University; Sejong Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute; Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Paul Cumming
- School of Psychology and Counselling and IHBI; Queensland University of Technology, and QIMR Berghofer Institute; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Young-Don Son
- Neuroscience Research Institute; Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; College of Health Science, Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Hang-Keun Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute; Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; College of Health Science, Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Yo-Han Joo
- Neuroscience Research Institute; Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute; Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center; Gachon University College of Medicine, Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
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27
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Saanijoki T, Nummenmaa L, Tuulari JJ, Tuominen L, Arponen E, Kalliokoski KK, Hirvonen J. Aerobic exercise modulates anticipatory reward processing via the μ-opioid receptor system. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3972-3983. [PMID: 29885086 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise modulates food reward and helps control body weight. The endogenous µ-opioid receptor (MOR) system is involved in rewarding aspects of both food and physical exercise, yet interaction between endogenous opioid release following exercise and anticipatory food reward remains unresolved. Here we tested whether exercise-induced opioid release correlates with increased anticipatory reward processing in humans. We scanned 24 healthy lean men after rest and after a 1 h session of aerobic exercise with positron emission tomography (PET) using MOR-selective radioligand [11 C]carfentanil. After both PET scans, the subjects underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment where they viewed pictures of palatable versus nonpalatable foods to trigger anticipatory food reward responses. Exercise-induced changes in MOR binding in key regions of reward circuit (amygdala, thalamus, ventral and dorsal striatum, and orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices) were used to predict the changes in anticipatory reward responses in fMRI. Exercise-induced changes in MOR binding correlated negatively with the exercise-induced changes in neural anticipatory food reward responses in orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices, insula, ventral striatum, amygdala, and thalamus: higher exercise-induced opioid release predicted higher brain responses to palatable versus nonpalatable foods. We conclude that MOR activation following exercise may contribute to the considerable interindividual variation in food craving and consumption after exercise, which might promote compensatory eating and compromise weight control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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28
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Ngernsutivorakul T, White TS, Kennedy RT. Microfabricated Probes for Studying Brain Chemistry: A Review. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1128-1142. [PMID: 29405568 PMCID: PMC6996029 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Probe techniques for monitoring in vivo chemistry (e.g., electrochemical sensors and microdialysis sampling probes) have significantly contributed to a better understanding of neurotransmission in correlation to behaviors and neurological disorders. Microfabrication allows construction of neural probes with high reproducibility, scalability, design flexibility, and multiplexed features. This technology has translated well into fabricating miniaturized neurochemical probes for electrochemical detection and sampling. Microfabricated electrochemical probes provide a better control of spatial resolution with multisite detection on a single compact platform. This development allows the observation of heterogeneity of neurochemical activity precisely within the brain region. Microfabricated sampling probes are starting to emerge that enable chemical measurements at high spatial resolution and potential for reducing tissue damage. Recent advancement in analytical methods also facilitates neurochemical monitoring at high temporal resolution. Furthermore, a positive feature of microfabricated probes is that they can be feasibly built with other sensing and stimulating platforms including optogenetics. Such integrated probes will empower researchers to precisely elucidate brain function and develop novel treatments for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas S. White
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 3003E, NCRC Building 28, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Robert T. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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29
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Nummenmaa L, Saanijoki T, Tuominen L, Hirvonen J, Tuulari JJ, Nuutila P, Kalliokoski K. μ-opioid receptor system mediates reward processing in humans. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1500. [PMID: 29662095 PMCID: PMC5902580 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system regulates motivational and hedonic processing. We tested directly whether individual differences in MOR are associated with neural reward responses to food pictures in humans. We scanned 33 non-obese individuals with positron emission tomography (PET) using the MOR-specific radioligand [11C]carfentanil. During a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan, the subjects viewed pictures of appetizing versus bland foods to elicit reward responses. MOR availability was measured in key components of the reward and emotion circuits and used to predict BOLD-fMRI responses to foods. Viewing palatable versus bland foods activates regions involved in homeostatic and reward processing, such as amygdala, ventral striatum, and hypothalamus. MOR availability in the reward and emotion circuit is negatively associated with the fMRI reward responses. Variation in MOR availability may explain why some people feel an urge to eat when encountering food cues, increasing risk for weight gain and obesity. μ-opioid signalling has a known role in the response to various rewarding stimuli, including pleasant foods. Here, Nummenmaa et al. show using PET and fMRI that individual differences in brain μ-opioid receptor density predict the strength of the neural response to highly palatable foods in humans
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Psychology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tiina Saanijoki
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Department of Radiology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Jetro J Tuulari
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Kalliokoski
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
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30
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Tuominen L, Miettunen J, Cannon DM, Drevets WC, Frokjaer VG, Hirvonen J, Ichise M, Jensen PS, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Klaver JM, Knudsen GM, Takano A, Suhara T, Hietala J. Neuroticism Associates with Cerebral in Vivo Serotonin Transporter Binding Differently in Males and Females. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:963-970. [PMID: 29020405 PMCID: PMC5716061 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroticism is a major risk factor for affective disorders. This personality trait has been hypothesized to associate with synaptic availability of the serotonin transporter, which critically controls serotonergic tone in the brain. However, earlier studies linking neuroticism and serotonin transporter have failed to produce converging findings. Because sex affects both the serotonergic system and the risk that neuroticism poses to the individual, sex may modify the association between neuroticism and serotonin transporter, but this question has not been investigated by previous studies. METHODS Here, we combined data from 4 different positron emission tomography imaging centers to address whether neuroticism is related to serotonin transporter binding in vivo. The data set included serotonin transporter binding potential values from the thalamus and striatum and personality scores from 91 healthy males and 56 healthy females. We specifically tested if the association between neuroticism and serotonin transporter is different in females and males. RESULTS We found that neuroticism and thalamic serotonin transporter binding potentials were associated in both males and females, but with opposite directionality. Higher neuroticism associated with higher serotonin transporter binding potential in males (standardized beta 0.292, P=.008), whereas in females, higher neuroticism associated with lower serotonin transporter binding potential (standardized beta -0.288, P=.014). CONCLUSIONS The finding is in agreement with recent studies showing that the serotonergic system is involved in affective disorders differently in males and females and suggests that contribution of thalamic serotonin transporter to the risk of affective disorders depends on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala),Correspondence: Lauri Tuominen, MD, PhD, MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 149 13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129 ()
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Wayne C Drevets
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Vibe G Frokjaer
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Masanori Ichise
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Peter S Jensen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Jacqueline M Klaver
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Tetsuya Suhara
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Drs Tuominen, Hirvonen, and Hietala); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Tuominen); Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland & Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (Dr Miettunen); Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (Dr Cannon); Janssen Research & Development, LLC, of Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ (Dr Drevets); Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (Dr Frokjaer and Mr Jensen); Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hirvonen); Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichise, Takano, and Suhara); IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Keltikangas-Järvinen); Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois (Dr Klaver); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr Knudsen); Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Takano); Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Dr Hietala)
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Karjalainen T, Karlsson HK, Lahnakoski JM, Glerean E, Nuutila P, Jääskeläinen IP, Hari R, Sams M, Nummenmaa L. Dissociable Roles of Cerebral μ-Opioid and Type 2 Dopamine Receptors in Vicarious Pain: A Combined PET–fMRI Study. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:4257-4266. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juha M. Lahnakoski
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Iiro P. Jääskeläinen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Riitta Hari
- Department of Art, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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32
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33
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Caminiti SP, Presotto L, Baroncini D, Garibotto V, Moresco RM, Gianolli L, Volonté MA, Antonini A, Perani D. Axonal damage and loss of connectivity in nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine pathways in early Parkinson's disease. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 14:734-740. [PMID: 28409113 PMCID: PMC5379906 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A progressive loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) is considered the main feature of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent neuropathological evidence however suggests that the axons of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system are the earliest target of α-synuclein accumulation in PD, thus the principal site for vulnerability. Whether this applies to in vivo PD, and also to the mesolimbic system has not been investigated yet. We used [11C]FeCIT PET to measure presynaptic dopamine transporter (DAT) activity in both nigrostriatal and mesolimbic systems, in 36 early PD patients (mean disease duration in months ± SD 21.8 ± 10.7) and 14 healthy controls similar for age. We also performed anatomically-driven partial correlation analysis to evaluate possible changes in the connectivity within both the dopamine networks at an early clinical phase. In the nigrostriatal system, we found a severe DAT reduction in the afferents to the dorsal putamen (DPU) (η2 = 0.84), whereas the SN was the less affected region (η2 = 0.31). DAT activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the ventral striatum (VST) were also reduced in the patient group, but to a lesser degree (VST η2 = 0.71 and VTA η2 = 0.31). In the PD patients compared to the controls, there was a marked decrease in dopamine network connectivity between SN and DPU nodes, supporting the significant derangement in the nigrostriatal pathway. These results suggest that neurodegeneration in the dopamine pathways is initially more prominent in the afferent axons and more severe in the nigrostriatal system. Considering PD as a disconnection syndrome starting from the axons, it would justify neuroprotective interventions even if patients have already manifested clinical symptoms. In vivo study of mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine systems in early iPD Evidence for a severe axonal damage with relative sparing of SN Evidence for a moderate damage of the mesolimbic pathway in early iPD Significant reduction of molecular connectivity between nigrostriatal nodes Justification for neuroprotective interventions in early-iPD phase
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Paola Caminiti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Presotto
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Damiano Baroncini
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Department of Medical Imaging, Geneva University, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- IBFM-CNR, Segrate, Italy, Tecnomed Foundation, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Luigi Gianolli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Antonini
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, I.R.C.C.S Hospital San Camillo, Via Alberoni 70, 30126 Venice, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences (DNS), University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 5, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Perani
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
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34
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Ganesana M, Lee ST, Wang Y, Venton BJ. Analytical Techniques in Neuroscience: Recent Advances in Imaging, Separation, and Electrochemical Methods. Anal Chem 2017; 89:314-341. [PMID: 28105819 PMCID: PMC5260807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, PO Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
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35
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Fischer IW, Hansen TM, Lelic D, Brokjaer A, Frøkjær J, Christrup LL, Olesen AE. Objective methods for the assessment of the spinal and supraspinal effects of opioids. Scand J Pain 2016; 14:15-24. [PMID: 28850426 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Opioids are potent analgesics. Opioids exert effects after interaction with opioid receptors. Opioid receptors are present in the peripheral- and central nervous system (CNS), but the analgesic effects are primarily mediated via receptors in the CNS. Objective methods for assessment of opioid effects may increase knowledge on the CNS processes responsible for analgesia. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the most common objective methods for assessment of the spinal and supraspinal effects of opioids and discuss their advantages and limitations. METHOD The literature search was conducted in Pub Med (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) from November 2014 to June 2016, using free-text terms: "opioid", "morphine" and "oxycodone" combined with the terms "pupillometry," "magnetic resonance spectroscopy," "fMRI," "BOLD," "PET," "pharmaco-EEG", "electroencephalogram", "EEG," "evoked potentials," and "nociceptive reflex". Only original articles published in English were included. RESULTS For assessment of opioid effects at the supraspinal level, the following methods are evaluated: pupillometry, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, functional resonance magnetic imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) and evoked potentials (EPs). Pupillometry is a non-invasive tool used in research as well as in the clinical setting. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used for the last decades and it is a non-invasive technique for measurement of in vivo brain metabolite concentrations. fMRI has been a widely used non-invasive method to estimate brain activity, where typically from the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal. PET is a nuclear imaging technique based on tracing radio labeled molecules injected into the blood, where receptor distribution, density and activity in the brain can be visualized. Spontaneous EEG is typically quantified in frequency bands, power spectrum and spectral edge frequency. EPs are brain responses (assessed by EEG) to a predefined number of short phasic stimuli. EPs are quantified by their peak latencies and amplitudes, power spectrum, scalp topographies and brain source localization. For assessment of opioid effects at the spinal level, the following methods are evaluated: the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) and spinal EPs. The nociceptive withdrawal reflex can be recorded from all limbs, but it is standard to record the electromyography signal at the biceps femoris muscle after stimulation of the ipsilateral sural nerve; EPs can be recorded from the spinal cord and are typically recorded after stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The presented methods can all be used as objective methods for assessing the centrally mediated effects of opioids. Advantages and limitations should be considered before implementation in drug development, future experimental studies as well as in clinical settings. In conclusion, pupillometry is a sensitive measurement of opioid receptor activation in the CNS and from a practical and economical perspective it may be used as a biomarker for opioid effects in the CNS. However, if more detailed information is needed on opioid effects at different levels of the CNS, then EEG, fMRI, PET and NWR have the potential to be used. Finally, it is conceivable that information from different methods should be considered together for complementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iben W Fischer
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine M Hansen
- Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Dina Lelic
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Brokjaer
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens Frøkjær
- Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lona L Christrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne E Olesen
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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36
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Frick A, Åhs F, Palmquist ÅM, Pissiota A, Wallenquist U, Fernandez M, Jonasson M, Appel L, Frans Ö, Lubberink M, Furmark T, von Knorring L, Fredrikson M. Overlapping expression of serotonin transporters and neurokinin-1 receptors in posttraumatic stress disorder: a multi-tracer PET study. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1400-7. [PMID: 26619809 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The brain serotonergic system is colocalized and interacts with the neuropeptidergic substance P/neurokinin-1 (SP/NK1) system. Both these neurochemical systems have independently been implicated in stress and anxiety, but interactions between them might be crucial for human anxiety conditions. Here, we examined the serotonin and substance P/neurokinin-1 (SP/NK1) systems individually as well as their overlapping expression in 16 patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 16 healthy controls. Participants were imaged with the highly selective radiotracers [(11)C]-3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethylphenylsulfanyl)-benzonitrile (DASB) and [(11)C]GR205171 assessing serotonin transporter (SERT) and NK1 receptor availability, respectively. Voxel-wise analyses in the amygdala, our a priori-defined region of interest, revealed increased number of NK1 receptors, but not SERT in the PTSD group. Symptom severity, as indexed by the Clinician-administered PTSD Scale, was negatively related to SERT availability in the amygdala, and NK1 receptor levels moderated this relationship. Exploratory, voxel-wise whole-brain analyses revealed increased SERT availability in the precentral gyrus and posterior cingulate cortex of PTSD patients. Patients, relative to controls, displayed lower degree of overlapping expression between SERT and NK1 receptors in the putamen, thalamus, insula and lateral orbitofrontal gyrus, lower overlap being associated with higher PTSD symptom severity. Expression overlap also explained more of the symptomatology than did either system individually, underscoring the importance of taking interactions between the neurochemical systems into account. Thus, our results suggest that aberrant serotonergic-SP/NK1 couplings contribute to the pathophysiology of PTSD and, consequently, that normalization of these couplings may be therapeutically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Frick
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F Åhs
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Å M Palmquist
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Pissiota
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - U Wallenquist
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Fernandez
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Jonasson
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Appel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ö Frans
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Lubberink
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Furmark
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L von Knorring
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Fredrikson
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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37
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Nummenmaa L, Tuominen L, Dunbar R, Hirvonen J, Manninen S, Arponen E, Machin A, Hari R, Jääskeläinen IP, Sams M. Social touch modulates endogenous μ-opioid system activity in humans. Neuroimage 2016; 138:242-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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38
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Karjalainen T, Tuominen L, Manninen S, Kalliokoski KK, Nuutila P, Jääskeläinen IP, Hari R, Sams M, Nummenmaa L. Behavioural activation system sensitivity is associated with cerebral μ-opioid receptor availability. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2016; 11:1310-6. [PMID: 27053768 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reinforcement-sensitivity theory proposes that behavioural activation and inhibition systems (BAS and BIS, respectively) guide approach and avoidance behaviour in potentially rewarding and punishing situations. Their baseline activity presumably explains individual differences in behavioural dispositions when a person encounters signals of reward and harm. Yet, neurochemical bases of BAS and BIS have remained poorly understood. Here we used in vivo positron emission tomography with a µ-opioid receptor (MOR) specific ligand [(11)C]carfentanil to test whether individual differences in MOR availability would be associated with BAS or BIS. We scanned 49 healthy subjects and measured their BAS and BIS sensitivities using the BIS/BAS scales. BAS but not BIS sensitivity was positively associated with MOR availability in frontal cortex, amygdala, ventral striatum, brainstem, cingulate cortex and insula. Strongest associations were observed for the BAS subscale 'Fun Seeking'. Our results suggest that endogenous opioid system underlies BAS, and that differences in MOR availability could explain inter-individual differences in reward seeking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Karjalainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Riitta Hari
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland Department of Art, School of Arts, Design and Architecture, 00076 AALTO, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
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39
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants). This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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40
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Tuominen L, Tuulari J, Karlsson H, Hirvonen J, Helin S, Salminen P, Parkkola R, Hietala J, Nuutila P, Nummenmaa L. Aberrant mesolimbic dopamine-opiate interaction in obesity. Neuroimage 2015; 122:80-6. [PMID: 26260431 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine and opioid neurotransmitter systems share many functions such as regulation of reward and pleasure. μ-Opioid receptors (MOR) modulate the mesolimbic dopamine system in ventral tegmental area and striatum, key areas implicated in reward. We hypothesized that dopamine and opioid receptor availabilities correlate in vivo and that this correlation is altered in obesity, a disease with altered reward processing. Twenty lean females (mean BMI 22) and 25 non-binge eating morbidly obese females (mean BMI 41) underwent two positron emission tomography scans with [(11)C]carfentanil and [(11)C]raclopride to measure the MOR and dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) availability, respectively. In lean subjects, the MOR and DRD2 availabilities were positively associated in the ventral striatum (r=0.62, p=0.003) and dorsal caudate nucleus (r=0.62, p=0.004). Moreover, DRD2 availability in the ventral striatum was associated with MOR availability in other regions of the reward circuitry, particularly in the ventral tegmental area. In morbidly obese subjects, this receptor interaction was significantly weaker in ventral striatum but unaltered in the caudate nucleus. Finally, the association between DRD2 availability in the ventral striatum and MOR availability in the ventral tegmental area was abolished in the morbidly obese. The study demonstrates a link between DRD2 and MOR availabilities in living human brain. This interaction is selectively disrupted in mesolimbic dopamine system in morbid obesity. We propose that interaction between the dopamine and opioid systems is a prerequisite for normal reward processing and that disrupted cross-talk may underlie altered reward processing in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, 20700 Turku, Finland.
| | - Jetro Tuulari
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Henry Karlsson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Semi Helin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Paulina Salminen
- Department of Surgery, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital and Turku University, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, 20700 Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Mind Brain Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Aalto, Finland; Brain Research Unit (BRU), Low Temperature Laboratory, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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41
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Metabolic connectivity as index of verbal working memory. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:1122-6. [PMID: 25785830 PMCID: PMC4640275 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) data are commonly analyzed in terms of regional intensity, while covariant information is not taken into account. Here, we searched for network correlates of healthy cognitive function in resting state PET data. PET with [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose and a test of verbal working memory (WM) were administered to 35 young healthy adults. Metabolic connectivity was modeled at a group level using sparse inverse covariance estimation. Among 13 WM-relevant Brodmann areas (BAs), 6 appeared to be robustly connected. Connectivity within this network was significantly stronger in subjects with above-median WM performance. In respect to regional intensity, i.e., metabolism, no difference between groups was found. The results encourage examination of covariant patterns in FDG-PET data from non-neurodegenerative populations.
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42
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Liang R, Broussard GJ, Tian L. Imaging chemical neurotransmission with genetically encoded fluorescent sensors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:84-93. [PMID: 25565280 DOI: 10.1021/cn500280k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in neuroscience is to decipher the logic of neural circuitry and to link it to learning, memory, and behavior. Synaptic transmission is a critical event underlying information processing within neural circuitry. In the extracellular space, the concentrations and distributions of excitatory, inhibitory, and modulatory neurotransmitters impact signal integration, which in turn shapes and refines the function of neural networks. Thus, the determination of the spatiotemporal relationships between these chemical signals with synaptic resolution in the intact brain is essential to decipher the codes for transferring information across circuitry and systems. Here, we review approaches and probes that have been employed to determine the spatial and temporal extent of neurotransmitter dynamics in the brain. We specifically focus on the design, screening, characterization, and application of genetically encoded indicators directly probing glutamate, the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter. These indicators provide synaptic resolution of glutamate dynamics with cell-type specificity. We also discuss strategies for developing a suite of genetically encoded probes for a variety of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqiang Liang
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and ‡Center
for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95817, United States
| | - Gerard Joseph Broussard
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and ‡Center
for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95817, United States
| | - Lin Tian
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and ‡Center
for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95817, United States
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