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Low-Dose Colchicine Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Liver Injury: A Novel Method for Alleviating Systemic Inflammation. Inflammation 2023; 46:963-974. [PMID: 36656466 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a significant public health challenge. The immune system underlies the pathogenesis of the disease. The liver is both an active player and a target organ in sepsis. Targeting the gut immune system using low-dose colchicine is an attractive method for alleviating systemic inflammation in sepsis without inducing immunosuppression. The present study aimed to determine the use of low-dose colchicine in LPS-induced sepsis in mice. C67B mice were injected intraperitoneal with LPS to induce sepsis. The treatment group received 0.02 mg/kg colchicine daily by gavage. Short and extended models were performed, lasting 3 and 5 days, respectively. We followed the mice for biochemical markers of end-organ injury, blood counts, cytokine levels, and liver pathology and conducted proteomic studies on liver samples. Targeting the gut immune system using low-dose colchicine improved mice's well-being measured by the murine sepsis score. Treatment alleviated the liver injury in septic mice, manifested by a significant decrease in their liver enzyme levels, including ALT, AST, and LDH. Treatment exerted a trend to reduce creatinine levels. Low-dose colchicine improved liver pathology, reduced inflammation, and reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα and IL1-β levels. A liver proteomic analysis revealed low-dose colchicine down-regulated sepsis-related proteins, alpha-1 antitrypsin, and serine dehydratase. Targeting the gut immune system using low-dose colchicine attenuated liver injury in LPS-induced sepsis, reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Low-dose colchicine provides a safe method for immunomodulation for multiple inflammatory disorders.
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2
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Ding H, Wang G, Yu Z, Sun H, Wang L. Role of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IFN-γ receptor 1/2 (IFNγR1/2) in regulation of immunity, infection, and cancer development: IFN-γ-dependent or independent pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113683. [PMID: 36095965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
IFN-γ, a soluble cytokine being produced by T lymphocytes, macrophages, mucosal epithelial cells, or natural killer cells, is able to bind to the IFN-γ receptor (IFNγR) and in turn activate the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and transcription protein (STAT) pathway and induce expression of IFN-γ-stimulated genes. IFN-γ is critical for innate and adaptive immunity and aberrant IFN-γ expression and functions have been associated with different human diseases. However, the IFN-γ/IFNγR signaling could be a double-edged sword in cancer development because the tissue microenvironments could determine its anti- or pro-tumorigenic activities. The IFNγR protein consists of two IFNγR1 and IFNγR2 chains, subunits of which play different roles under certain conditions. This review assessed IFNγR polymorphisms, expression and functions in development and progression of various human diseases in an IFN-γ-dependent or independent manner. This review also discussed tumor microenvironment, microbial infection, and vital molecules in the IFN-γ upstream signaling that might regulate IFNγR expression, drug resistance, and druggable strategy, to provide evidence for further application of IFNγR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Gongfu Wang
- Center for Drug Evaluation, China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA), Beijing, China.
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Huimin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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3
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Jiang X, Bergquist A, Löscher BS, Venkatesh G, Mold JE, Holm K, Laerdahl JK, Skånland SS, Maleki KT, Cornillet M, Taskén K, Franke A, Karlsen TH, Björkström NK, Melum E. A heterozygous germline CD100 mutation in a family with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/582/eabb0036. [PMID: 33627483 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease without clear etiology or effective treatment. Genetic factors contribute to PSC pathogenesis, but so far, no causative mutation has been found. We performed whole-exome sequencing in a family with autosomal dominant inheritance of PSC and identified a heterozygous germline missense mutation in SEMA4D, encoding a K849T variant of CD100. The mutation was located in an evolutionarily conserved, unstructured cytosolic region of CD100 affecting downstream signaling. It was found to alter the function of CD100-expressing cells with a bias toward the T cell compartment that caused increased proliferation and impaired interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production after stimulation. Homologous mutation knock-in mice developed similar IFN-γ impairment in T cells and were more prone to develop severe cholangitis when exposed to 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet. Transfer of wild-type T cells to knock-in mice before and during DDC exposure attenuated cholangitis. Taken together, we identified an inherited mutation in the disordered cytosolic region of CD100 resulting in T cell functional defects. Our findings suggest a protective role for T cells in PSC that might be used therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Jiang
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika Bergquist
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Geetha Venkatesh
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeff E Mold
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Holm
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon K Laerdahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,ELIXIR Norway, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrid S Skånland
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies and K. G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kimia T Maleki
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Cornillet
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies and K. G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tom H Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Espen Melum
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway. .,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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Hua X, Lu T, Zhang J, Miao Q, Bian Z, Zhang H, Huang S, Lin W, Xi Z, Zhang M, Chen Q, Ma X, Zhang J, Xia Q. Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α promotes hepatocyte apoptosis during cholestasis. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:95-102. [PMID: 26992434 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) has been reported to play an important role in a host of pathophysiological processes, including cellular survival. This study explores the role of HIF-2α in cholestasis-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis. METHODS Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α expression was measured by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. Hepatic apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick-end labeling. The cholestatic mouse model was treated with bile duct ligation. The c-myc, p53, and Bax protein levels were measured with Western blot analysis. RESULTS In pediatric and murine cholestatic liver tissues, HIF-2α protein was widely expressed in the nucleus of parenchymal cells as well as in stromal cells. Hepatocyte HIF-2α expression was significantly elevated at the early stage of pediatric cholestasis and decreased at the late stage. In both in vivo and in vitro murine studies, HIF-2α deletion could alleviate cholestasis-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis and regulate the expression of c-myc, p53, and Bax proteins. CONCLUSION These findings implied the contribution of HIF-2α to cholestasis-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Hua
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianfei Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Digestive Disease Laboratory and Department of Gastroenterology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaolian Bian
- Digestive Disease Laboratory and Department of Gastroenterology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Digestive Disease Laboratory and Department of Gastroenterology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Digestive Disease Laboratory and Department of Gastroenterology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Xi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qimin Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- Digestive Disease Laboratory and Department of Gastroenterology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Cogliati B, Crespo Yanguas S, da Silva TC, Aloia TP, Nogueira MS, Real-Lima MA, Chaible LM, Sanches DS, Willebrords J, Maes M, Pereira IV, de Castro IA, Vinken M, Dagli ML. Connexin32 deficiency exacerbates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocellular injury and liver fibrosis in mice. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:362-370. [PMID: 27268753 PMCID: PMC5417356 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1190991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver fibrosis results from the perpetuation of the normal wound healing response to several types of injury. Despite the wealth of knowledge regarding the involvement of intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways in liver fibrogenesis, information about the role of intercellular communication mediated by gap junctions is scarce. METHODS In this study, liver fibrosis was chemically induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice lacking connexin32, the major liver gap junction constituent. The manifestation of liver fibrosis was evaluated based on a series of read-outs, including collagen morphometric and mRNA analysis, oxidative stress, apoptotic, proliferative and inflammatory markers. RESULTS More pronounced liver damage and enhanced collagen deposition were observed in connexin32 knockout mice compared to wild-type animals in experimentally triggered induced liver fibrosis. No differences between both groups were noticed in apoptotic signaling nor in inflammation markers. However, connexin32 deficient mice displayed decreased catalase activity and increased malondialdehyde levels. CONCLUSION These findings could suggest that connexin32-based signaling mediates tissue resistance against liver damage by the modulation of the antioxidant capacity. In turn, this could point to a role for connexin32 signaling as a therapeutic target in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Crespo Yanguas
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tereza C. da Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago P.A. Aloia
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina S. Nogueira
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirela A. Real-Lima
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas M. Chaible
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel S. Sanches
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joost Willebrords
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michaël Maes
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabel V.A. Pereira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Inar A. de Castro
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria L.Z. Dagli
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Duwaerts CC, Sun EP, Cheng CW, van Rooijen N, Gregory SH. Cross-activating invariant NKT cells and kupffer cells suppress cholestatic liver injury in a mouse model of biliary obstruction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79702. [PMID: 24260285 PMCID: PMC3829879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Kupffer cells and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells suppress neutrophil-dependent liver injury in a mouse model of biliary obstruction. We hypothesize that these roles are interdependent and require iNKT cell-Kupffer cell cross-activation. Female, wild-type and iNKT cell-deficient C57Bl/6 mice were injected with magnetic beads 3 days prior to bile duct ligation (BDL) in order to facilitate subsequent Kupffer cell isolation. On day three post-BDL, the animals were euthanized and the livers dissected. Necrosis was scored; Kupffer cells were isolated and cell surface marker expression (flow cytometry), mRNA expression (qtPCR), nitric oxide (NO.) production (Griess reaction), and protein secretion (cytometric bead-array or ELISAs) were determined. To address the potential role of NO. in suppressing neutrophil accumulation, a group of WT mice received 1400W, a specific inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, prior to BDL. To clarify the mechanisms underlying Kupffer cell-iNKT cell cross-activation, WT animals were administered anti-IFN-γ or anti-lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1 antibody prior to BDL. Compared to their WT counterparts, Kupffer cells obtained from BDL iNKT cell-deficient mice expressed lower iNOS mRNA levels, produced less NO., and secreted more neutrophil chemoattractants. Both iNOS inhibition and IFN-γ neutralization increased neutrophil accumulation in the livers of BDL WT mice. Anti-LFA-1 pre-treatment reduced iNKT cell accumulation in these same animals. These data indicate that the LFA-1-dependent cross-activation of iNKT cells and Kupffer cells inhibits neutrophil accumulation and cholestatic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C. Duwaerts
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Eric P. Sun
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Chao-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Nico van Rooijen
- Department of Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen H. Gregory
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
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Alaish SM, Smith AD, Timmons J, Greenspon J, Eyvazzadeh D, Murphy E, Shea-Donahue T, Cirimotich S, Mongodin E, Zhao A, Fasano A, Nataro JP, Cross AS. Gut microbiota, tight junction protein expression, intestinal resistance, bacterial translocation and mortality following cholestasis depend on the genetic background of the host. Gut Microbes 2013; 4:292-305. [PMID: 23652772 PMCID: PMC3744514 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.24706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Failure of the intestinal barrier is a characteristic feature of cholestasis. We have previously observed higher mortality in C57BL/6J compared with A/J mice following common bile duct ligation (CBDL). We hypothesized the alteration in gut barrier function following cholestasis would vary by genetic background. Following one week of CBDL, jejunal TEER was significantly reduced in each ligated mouse compared with their sham counterparts; moreover, jejunal TEER was significantly lower in both sham and ligated C57BL/6J compared with sham and ligated A/J mice, respectively. Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes was significantly increased in C57BL/6J mice vs. A/J mice. Four of 15 C57BL/6J mice were bacteremic; whereas, none of the 17 A/J mice were. Jejunal IFN-γ mRNA expression was significantly elevated in C57BL/6J compared with A/J mice. Western blot analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in occludin protein expression in C57BL/6J compared with A/J mice following both sham operation and CBDL. Only C57BL/6J mice demonstrated a marked decrease in ZO-1 protein expression following CBDL compared with shams. Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in fecal samples showed a dysbiosis only in C57BL/6J mice following CBDL when compared with shams. This study provides evidence of strain differences in gut microbiota, tight junction protein expression, intestinal resistance and bacterial translocation which supports the notion of a genetic predisposition to exaggerated injury following cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M. Alaish
- Department of Surgery; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA,Correspondence to: Samuel M. Alaish,
| | - Alexis D. Smith
- Department of Surgery; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jennifer Timmons
- Department of Surgery; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jose Greenspon
- Department of Surgery; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Daniel Eyvazzadeh
- Department of Surgery; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ebony Murphy
- Department of Surgery; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Terez Shea-Donahue
- Department of Medicine; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Shana Cirimotich
- Institute for Genome Sciences; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Emmanuel Mongodin
- Institute for Genome Sciences; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Aiping Zhao
- Department of Medicine; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Department of Medicine; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA,Department of Pediatrics; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - James P. Nataro
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Virginia School of Medicine; Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Alan S Cross
- Department of Medicine; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
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Chiu CC, Huang YT, Wang YC, Chang YC, Ching YH, Chen HHC, Chuang HL. Pretreatment with lipopolysaccharide ameliorates Pseudomonas exotoxin A-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35:296-303. [PMID: 23384342 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2013.764503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Liver injury can be induced by various hepatotoxicants, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PEA). Our previous study indicated that PEA-induced rat hepatotoxicity was T cells and Kupffer cells dependent. Several reports have demonstrated that non-toxic doses of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can protect liver against the chemicals-induced toxicity such as acetaminophen and concanavalin-A. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the protecting mechanisms of LPS on PEA-induced hepatotoxicity. RESULTS Rats pretreated with LPS (40 μg/kg, 12 h before PEA admission) significantly decreased animal mortality, serum enzyme (ALT, AST and T-bil) activities, histopathological changes and hepatocytes apoptosis following challenge with PEA. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) were reduced, but IL-6 and IL-10 were increased in the serum. In addition, prior treatment of these LPS-pretreated rats with gadolinium chloride (GdCl3), a selective Kupffer cell depletion agent, markedly enhanced liver injury after PEA administration. In contrast, the pretreatment of LPS to T-cell deficient athymic nude rats still display significant attenuation of PEA-induced liver injury. This observation further confirmed our hypothesis that LPS ameliorate PEA-hepatotoxicity was through Kupffer cells but not T cells. Moreover, LPS-induced hepatoprotection ability was neutralized by co-treatment with anti-TNF-α antibodies, but not with anti-IFN-γ antibodies. Finally, replacement of LPS with RS-LPS (Rhodobacter sphaeroides LPS), a Toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4) antagonist, resulted in severe hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION These results suggested that Kupffer cells, TNF-α and TLR-4 play central mediator roles during the hepatoprotection against PEA-induced hepatotoxicity conferred by LPS.
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9
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Jang JH, Rickenbacher A, Humar B, Weber A, Raptis DA, Lehmann K, Stieger B, Moritz W, Soll C, Georgiev P, Fischer D, Laczko E, Graf R, Clavien PA. Serotonin protects mouse liver from cholestatic injury by decreasing bile salt pool after bile duct ligation. Hepatology 2012; 56:209-18. [PMID: 22290718 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obstructive cholestasis induces liver injury, postoperative complications, and mortality after surgery. Adaptive control of cholestasis, including bile salt homeostasis, is necessary for recovery and survival. Peripheral serotonin is a cytoprotective neurotransmitter also associated with liver regeneration. The effect of serotonin on cholestatic liver injury is not known. Therefore, we tested whether serotonin affects the severity of cholestatic liver injury. We induced cholestasis by ligation of the bile duct (BDL) in either wild-type (WT) mice or mice lacking peripheral serotonin (Tph1(-/-) and immune thrombocytopenic [ITP] mice). Liver injury was assessed by the levels of plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and tissue necrosis. Bile salt-regulating genes were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Tph1(-/-) mice displayed higher levels of plasma AST, ALT, bile salts, and hepatic necrosis after 3 days of BDL than WT mice. Likewise, liver injury was disproportional in ITP mice. Moreover, severe cholestatic complications and mortality after prolonged BDL were increased in Tph1(-/-) mice. Despite the elevation in toxic bile salts, expression of genes involved in bile salt homeostasis and detoxification were not affected in Tph1(-/-) livers. In contrast, the bile salt reabsorption transporters Ostα and Ostβ were up-regulated in the kidneys of Tph1(-/-) mice, along with a decrease in urinary bile salt excretion. Serotonin reloading of Tph1(-/-) mice reversed this phenotype, resulting in a reduction of circulating bile salts and liver injury. CONCLUSION We propose a physiological function of serotonin is to ameliorate liver injury and stabilize the bile salt pool through adaptation of renal transporters in cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hwi Jang
- Swiss HPB (Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary) Center, Department of Surgery,University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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González-Mariscal L, Quirós M, Díaz-Coránguez M. ZO proteins and redox-dependent processes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1235-53. [PMID: 21294657 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE ZO-1, ZO-2, and ZO-3 are scaffold proteins of the tight junction (TJ) that belong to the MAGUK protein family characterized for exhibiting PDZ, SH3, and GuK domains. ZO proteins are present only in multicellular organisms, being the placozoa the first to have them. ZO proteins associate among themselves and with other integral and adaptor proteins of the TJ, of the ZA and of gap junctions, as with numerous signaling proteins and the actin cytoskeleton. ZO proteins are also present at the nucleus of proliferating cells. RECENT ADVANCES Oxidative stress disassembles the TJs of endothelial and epithelial cells. CRITICAL ISSUES Oxidative stress alters ZO proteins expression and localization, in conditions like hypoxia, bacterial and viral infections, vitamin deficiencies, age-related diseases, diabetes and inflammation, alcohol and tobacco consumption. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Molecules present in the signaling pathways triggered by oxidative stress can be targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza González-Mariscal
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico DF, México.
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Cheng CW, Duwaerts CC, van Rooigen N, Wintermeyer P, Mott S, Gregory SH. NK cells suppress experimental cholestatic liver injury by an interleukin-6-mediated, Kupffer cell-dependent mechanism. J Hepatol 2011; 54:746-52. [PMID: 21129806 PMCID: PMC3060960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune effector cells first characterized by their ability to lyse susceptible tumor cells. Recent studies demonstrated their role in initiating and modulating adaptive immunity. NK cells represent a larger percentage of the lymphoid population in liver than other organs, suggesting that hepatic NK cells express some unique function. Here, we examined the response of NK cells to liver injury that occurs in a mouse model of biliary obstruction. METHODS Bile duct ligations (BDL) were performed in mice previously depleted or not depleted of NK cells. NK cell activation, interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA expression and protein production by Kupffer cells, and the ability of exogenous IL-6 to ameliorate liver injury in NK cell-depleted mice, were determined. RESULTS The number of activated hepatic NK cells increased markedly following BDL. Activation was suppressed in mice rendered Kupffer cell-depleted prior to ligation. Increased liver injury occurred in NK cell-depleted mice correlating with a reduction in IL-6 production. Purified Kupffer cells, obtained from NK cell-depleted or anti-interferon (IFN)-γ monoclonal antibody-pretreated mice following BDL, produced less IL-6 in culture than did Kupffer cells derived from control animals. In culture, hepatic NK cells derived from BDL mice stimulated IFN-γ-dependent IL-6 production by Kupffer cells; splenic NK cells obtained from the same animals had a negligible effect. Treatment with recombinant murine IL-6 reduced liver injury in BDL, NK cell-depleted mice. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic NK cells suppress cholestatic liver injury by stimulating Kupffer cell-dependent IL-6 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903
| | - Caroline C. Duwaerts
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903
| | - Nico van Rooigen
- Department of Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Wintermeyer
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903
| | - Stephanie Mott
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903
| | - Stephen H. Gregory
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903
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Abstract
Recent progress in basic research has enhanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of normal bile secretion and their alterations in cholestasis. Genetic transporter variants contribute to an entire spectrum of cholestatic liver diseases and can cause hereditary cholestatic syndromes or determine susceptibility and disease progression in acquired cholestatic disorders. Cholestasis is associated with complex transcriptional and post-transcriptional alterations of hepatobiliary transporters and enzymes participating in bile formation. Ligand-activated nuclear receptors for bile acids and other biliary compounds play a key role in the regulation of genes required for bile formation. Pharmacological interventions in cholestasis may aim at modulating such novel regulatory pathways. This review will summarize the principles of molecular alterations in cholestasis and will give an overview of potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wagner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Lai HS, Lin WH, Hsu WM, Chen CN, Chang KJ, Lee PH. Variations in Interferon Gamma Receptor Gene Expression during Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy in Rats. Am Surg 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/000313480907500111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity, which includes interferon gamma (IFN-γ) expression, is activated during the process of liver regeneration; however, the genetic pathway of this activation is still unclear. The present study evaluated variations in the interferon gamma receptor (IFN-γR) gene and its mRNA expression during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH). Male Wistar rats weighing approximately 200 g were subjected to PH (70 or 40%). IFN-γR gene expression in the remnant liver was measured by cDNA microarray, and mRNA expression was verified by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) preoperatively and at 2, 4, 6,12, 24, and 72 hours and 7 days postoperatively. The ratio of remnant liver weight to body weight increased markedly after 70 per cent PH and more gradually after 40 per cent PH. It reached near 90 per cent of the preoperative level at 72 hours after PH in both groups. The scanned spots of the genomic survey on the cDNA microarray chips were uneven and increased irregularly in number and density after PH. IFN-γR gene expression increased markedly in a single peak pattern, up to more than double the preoperative level, at 6 hours after 70 per cent PH. The curve in the 40 per cent PH group was flat and peaked at only 1.6 times the preoperative level. The variations in IFN-γR-related mRNA expression were verified by Q-PCR. Elevations in IFN-γR gene and mRNA expression were shown during the early stage of liver regeneration after PH. The genetic pathway of IFN-γ/IFN-γR expression is activated during liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Shiee Lai
- From the Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsi Lin
- From the Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Hsu
- From the Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Nien Chen
- From the Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - King-Jen Chang
- From the Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Lee
- From the Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kloek J, Marsman H, van Vliet A, Gouma D, van Gulik T. Biliary drainage attenuates postischemic reperfusion injury in the cholestatic rat liver. Surgery 2008; 144:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2008.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Assimakopoulos SF, Scopa CD, Vagianos CE. Pathophysiology of increased intestinal permeability in obstructive jaundice. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:6458-64. [PMID: 18161914 PMCID: PMC4611283 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i48.6458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in preoperative evaluation and postoperative care, intervention, especially surgery, for relief of obstructive jaundice still carries high morbidity and mortality rates, mainly due to sepsis and renal dysfunction. The key event in the pathophysiology of obstructive jaundice-associated complications is endotoxemia of gut origin because of intestinal barrier failure. This breakage of the gut barrier in obstructive jaundice is multi-factorial, involving disruption of the immunologic, biological and mechanical barrier. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that obstructive jaundice results in increased intestinal permeability. The mechanisms implicated in this phenomenon remain unresolved, but growing research interest during the last decade has shed light in our knowledge in the field. This review summarizes the current concepts in the pathophysiology of obstructive jaundice-induced gut barrier dysfunction, analyzing pivotal factors, such as altered intestinal tight junctions expression, oxidative stress and imbalance of enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis. Clinicians handling patients with obstructive jaundice should not neglect protecting the intestinal barrier function before, during and after intervention for the relief of this condition, which may improve their patients’ outcome.
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Miller AM, Masrorpour M, Klaus C, Zhang JX. LPS exacerbates endothelin-1 induced activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and thromboxane A2 production from Kupffer cells of the prefibrotic rat liver. J Hepatol 2007; 46:276-85. [PMID: 17161492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Revised: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) has been suggested to play a significant role in the development of portal hypertension in fibrosis, and Kupffer cell (KC) derived TXA2 has been shown to mediate the hyperresponsiveness of the portal circulation to the vasoconstrictive actions of endothelin-1 (ET-1) during endotoxemia. The aim of this study was to determine whether the double stresses of prefibrotic changes and endotoxemia additively activate KC to increase release of TXA2 in response to ET-1, resulting in elevated portal resistance. METHODS One week Bile duct ligation (BDL) rats and sham-operated controls were subjected to isolated liver perfusions following LPS or saline for 6h. In a separate experiment, KC were isolated from BDL or sham rats and incubated with LPS or saline for 6h before the ET-1 treatment. RESULTS The double stresses of early fibrosis and LPS resulted in a greater sustained increase in portal pressure in response to ET-1 in BDL rats, and this increase correlated well with the much enhanced release of TXA2 in the perfusate. Media from the cultured KC showed significantly greater TXA2 release in response to ET-1 in BDL group than those in sham group, and LPS exacerbated this effect. Protein levels of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), cyclooxygenase-2, and thromboxane synthase were also significantly elevated in KC from BDL rats. ET-1 produced a marked increase in cPLA2 activation as measured by the phosphorylation of cPLA2 in KC of both BDL and sham groups. LPS greatly exacerbated the activation of cPLA2. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that the double stresses additively activate KC with an upregulation of the key enzymes in the TXA2 biosynthesis and release increased amount of TXA2 via the augmented activation of cPLA2 in response to ET-1, which leads to the increased portal resistance and ultimately hepatic microcirculatory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Miller
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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Jeyarajah DR, Kielar ML, Saboorian H, Karimi P, Frantz N, Lu CY. Impact of bile duct obstruction on hepatic E. coli infection: role of IL-10. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006; 291:G91-4. [PMID: 16769814 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00095.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Biliary obstruction in the setting of hepatic bacterial infection has great morbidity and mortality. We developed a novel murine model to examine the effect of biliary obstruction on the clearance of hepatic Escherichia coli infection. This model may allow us to test the hypothesis that biliary obstruction itself adversely affects clearance of hepatic infections even if the bacteria are introduced into the liver by a nonbiliary route. We ligated the bile ducts of C57BL/6 mice on days -1, 0, or +1, relative to a day 0 portal venous injection of E. coli. We monitored survival, hepatic bacterial growth, pathology, and IL-10 protein levels. The role of IL-10 in this model was further examined using IL-10 knockout mice. Mice with bile duct ligation at day +1 or 0, relative to portal venous infection at day 0, had decreased survival compared with mice with only portal venous infection. The impaired survival was associated with greater hepatic bacterial growth, hepatic necrosis, and increased production of IL-10. Interestingly, the transgenic knockout of IL-10 resulted in impaired survival in mice with bile duct ligation and portal venous infection. Biliary obstruction had a dramatic detrimental effect on hepatic clearance of portal venous E. coli infection. This impaired clearance is associated with increased IL-10 production. However, transgenic knockout of IL-10 increased mortality after hepatic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rohan Jeyarajah
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
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Ramadori G, Saile B. Inflammation, damage repair, immune cells, and liver fibrosis: specific or nonspecific, this is the question. Gastroenterology 2004; 127:997-1000. [PMID: 15362057 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Assimakopoulos SF, Scopa CD, Charonis A, Spiliopoulou I, Georgiou C, Nikolopoulou V, Vagianos CE. Experimental obstructive jaundice disrupts intestinal mucosal barrier by altering occludin expression: beneficial effect of bombesin and neurotensin. J Am Coll Surg 2004; 198:748-57. [PMID: 15110809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2003.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2003] [Revised: 10/15/2003] [Accepted: 12/10/2003] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known of the molecular events leading to increased intestinal permeability in obstructive jaundice. This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of experimental obstructive jaundice on the expression of the tight junction-associated protein occludin in the intestinal epithelium. STUDY DESIGN Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: I, controls; II, sham-operated; III, bile duct ligation (BDL); IV, BDL+Bombesin (BBS) (30 microg/kg/d); and V, BDL+Neurotensin (NT) (300 microg/kg/d). At the end of the experiment, on day 10, endotoxin was measured in portal and aortic blood. Tissue sections of the terminal ileum were examined histologically and immunohistochemically for evaluation of occludin expression in the intestinal epithelium. Lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were determined on tissue homogenates from terminal ileum and microbiologic analysis was performed in cecal contents. RESULTS Obstructive jaundice resulted in portal and aortic endotoxemia, which was significantly reduced after BBS or NT administration. In the BDL group, there was total loss of occludin expression in numerous enterocytes mainly at the upper third of the villi, while a gradient of positivity existed from crypt to tip. Occludin expression was restored to control state after treatment with BBS or NT. In addition, both peptides reduced intestinal lipid peroxidation, while BBS reduced protein oxidation as well. CONCLUSIONS Experimental obstructive jaundice induces regional loss of occludin expression in the intestinal epithelium, which may be a key factor contributing to the disruption of the mucosal barrier. Gut regulatory peptides BBS and NT prevent this alteration, leading to lower portal and systemic endotoxemia.
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Zhang Y, Woodward VK, Shelton JM, Richardson JA, Zhou XJ, Link D, Kielar ML, Jeyarajah DR, Lu CY. Ischemia-reperfusion induces G-CSF gene expression by renal medullary thick ascending limb cells in vivo and in vitro. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 286:F1193-201. [PMID: 14734360 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00379.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic acute renal failure involves not only the kidney but also extrarenal organs such as the bone marrow that produces inflammatory cells. By ELISA and RNase protection assays, we now show that renal ischemia-reperfusion increases serum concentrations of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) protein and increases both G-CSF mRNA and protein in the ischemic kidney. In situ hybridization localized the increased G-CSF mRNA to tubule cells, including medullary thick ascending limb cells (mTAL), in the outer medulla. We also show that mTAL produce G-CSF protein and increase G-CSF mRNA after stimulation by reactive oxygen species in vitro. The production of G-CSF by the kidney after ischemia-reperfusion provides a means of communication from the injured kidney to the bone marrow. This supports the known inflammatory response to ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Div. of Nephrology (Internal Medicine Univ. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8856, USA
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Aller MA, Duran M, Ortega L, Arias JL, Nava MP, Prieto I, Arias J. Comparative study of macro- and microsurgical extrahepatic cholestasis in the rat. Microsurgery 2004; 24:442-7. [PMID: 15389969 DOI: 10.1002/micr.10153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The long-term (5-week) evolution of two experimental models of extrahepatic cholestasis, i.e., macrosurgical by bile duct ligation (n = 20) and microsurgical by biliary tract resection (n = 13), is studied. All cholestatic animals showed jaundice, choluria, and portosystemic collateral circulation. Macrosurgical cholestasis causes greater hepatosplenomegaly, hilar biliary pseudocysts, and ascites. Microsurgical extrahepatic cholestasis occurs with a lower degree of hepatosplenomegaly as well as with serum increase (P < 0.001) of gamma-GT and alkaline phosphatase. The bile ductular proliferation in the four hepatic lobes is very intense (P < 0.001) in both experimental models. The differences between both experimental models may be considered secondary to the increase of the predisposition to infection in rats with bile duct ligation, that complicates their evolution. The microsurgical cholestasis model could be useful in studying cholestasis secondary to biliary atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angeles Aller
- Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s.n., 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Sewnath ME, van der Poll T, van Noorden CJF, ten Kate FJW, Gouma DJ. Cholestatic interleukin-6-deficient mice succumb to endotoxin-induced liver injury and pulmonary inflammation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 169:413-20. [PMID: 14604838 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200303-311oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating and hepatic interleukin (IL)-6 levels are strongly increased during clinical and experimental cholestasis. Cholestatic liver injury is associated with increased susceptibility to endotoxin-induced toxicity. To determine the role of IL-6 herein, extrahepatic cholestasis was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in IL-6-gene deficient (IL-6(-/-)) and normal (IL-6(+/+)) mice. BDL elicited increased levels of hepatic IL-6 mRNA and protein in normal mice. Hepatocellular injury 2 weeks after BDL was similar in IL-6(-/-) and IL-6(+/+) mice as demonstrated by clinical chemistry and histopathology. Administration of endotoxin to cholestatic mice 2 weeks after BDL was associated with enhanced cytokine release, severe liver damage, and death when compared with sham-operated mice. Effects of endotoxin were largely similar in sham-operated IL-6(-/-) and IL-6(+/+) mice, but cholestatic IL-6(-/-) mice were more susceptible to the toxic effects of endotoxin, as reflected by increased cytokine release, more profound liver injury and lung inflammation, and higher mortality. Although endogenous IL-6 is not important in the development of liver injury after experimentally induced obstructive jaundice, this cytokine plays an important role in decreasing hypersensitivity to endotoxin in cholestatic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel E Sewnath
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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