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Dagur RS, Wang W, Makarov E, Sun Y, Poluektova LY. Establishment of the Dual Humanized TK-NOG Mouse Model for HIV-associated Liver Pathogenesis. J Vis Exp 2019:10.3791/58645. [PMID: 31566621 PMCID: PMC6822171 DOI: 10.3791/58645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increased life expectancy of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), liver disease has emerged as a common cause of their morbidity. The liver immunopathology caused by HIV-1 remains elusive. Small xenograft animal models with human hepatocytes and human immune system can recapitulate the human biology of the disease's pathogenesis. Herein, a protocol is described to establish a dual humanized mouse model through human hepatocytes and CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) transplantation, to study liver immunopathology as observed in HIV-infected patients. To achieve dual reconstitution, male TK-NOG (NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Sug Tg(Alb-TK)7-2/ShiJic) mice are intraperitoneally injected with ganciclovir (GCV) doses to eliminate mouse transgenic liver cells, and with treosulfan for nonmyeloablative conditioning, both of which facilitate human hepatocyte (HEP) engraftment and human immune system (HIS) development. Human albumin (ALB) levels are evaluated for liver engraftment, and the presence of human immune cells in blood detected by flow cytometry confirms the establishment of human immune system. The model developed using the protocol described here resembles multiple components of liver damage from HIV-1 infection. Its establishment could prove to be essential for studies of hepatitis virus co-infection and for the evaluation of antiviral and antiretroviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghubendra Singh Dagur
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center;
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Edward Makarov
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Yimin Sun
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Larisa Y Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center
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Zhou J, Liu X, Zhao ST, Hu JJ, Zhang JW, Wang JH, Peng XP, Qi XL, Cheng TL, Lu MZ. An assessment of transgenomics as a tool for gene discovery in Populus euphratica Oliv. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 97:525-535. [PMID: 30051252 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Transgenomics for gene discovery in Populus euphratica. Transgenomics, a member of the omics family of methodologies, is characterized as the introduction of DNA from one organism into another on a genome-wide scale followed by the identification of recipients with altered phenotypes. This strategy allows investigators to identify the gene(s) involved in these phenotypic changes. It is particularly promising for woody plants that have a long life cycle and for which molecular tools are limited. In this study, we constructed a large-insert binary bacterial artificial chromosome library of Populus euphratica, a stress-tolerant poplar species, which included 55,296 clones with average insert sizes of about 127 kb. To date, 1077 of the clones have been transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana via Agrobacterium by the floral dip method. Of these, 69 transgenic lines showed phenotypic changes represented by diverse aspects of plant form and development, 22 of which were reproducibly associated with the same phenotypic change. One of the clones conferring transgenic plants with increased salt tolerance, 002A1F06, was further analyzed and the 127,284 bp insert in this clone harbored eight genes that have been previously reported to be involved in stress resistance. This study demonstrates that transgenomics is useful in the study of functional genomics of woody plants and in the identification of novel gene(s) responsible for economically important traits. Thus, transgenomics can also be used for validation of quantitative trait loci mapped by molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Shu-Tang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jian-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jie-Wei Zhang
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jie-Hua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiao-Li Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Tie-Long Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Dagur RS, Wang W, Cheng Y, Makarov E, Ganesan M, Suemizu H, Gebhart CL, Gorantla S, Osna N, Poluektova LY. Human hepatocyte depletion in the presence of HIV-1 infection in dual reconstituted humanized mice. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio029785. [PMID: 29361613 PMCID: PMC5861361 DOI: 10.1242/bio.029785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection impairs liver function, and liver diseases have become a leading cause of morbidity in infected patients. The immunopathology of liver damage caused by HIV-1 remains unclear. We used chimeric mice dually reconstituted with a human immune system and hepatocytes to address the relevance of the model to pathobiology questions related to human hepatocyte survival in the presence of systemic infection. TK-NOG males were transplanted with mismatched human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and hepatocytes, human albumin concentration and the presence of human immune cells in blood were monitored for hepatocytes and immune reconstitution, and mice were infected with HIV-1. HIV-1-infected animals showed a decline in human albumin concentration with a significant reduction in percentage of human hepatocytes compared to uninfected mice. The decrease in human albumin levels correlated with a decline in CD4+ cells in the liver and with an increase in HIV-1 viral load. HIV-1 infection elicited proinflammatory response in the immunological milieu of the liver in HIV-infected mice compared to uninfected animals, as determined by upregulation of IL23, CXCL10 and multiple toll-like receptor expression. The inflammatory reaction associated with HIV-1 infection in vivo could contribute to the depletion and dysfunction of hepatocytes. The dual reconstituted TK-NOG mouse model is a feasible platform to investigate hepatocyte-related HIV-1 immunopathogenesis.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghubendra Singh Dagur
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Edward Makarov
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- Laboratory Animal Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Catherine L Gebhart
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Natalia Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Larisa Y Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Dusabineza AC, Najimi M, van Hul N, Legry V, Khuu DN, van Grunsven LA, Sokal E, Leclercq IA. Hepatic Stellate Cells Improve Engraftment of Human Primary Hepatocytes: A Preclinical Transplantation Study in an Animal Model. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:2557-71. [PMID: 25706818 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x686788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hepatocytes are used for liver cell therapy, but the small number of engrafting cells limits the benefit of cell transplantation. We tested whether cotransplantation of hepatocytes with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) could improve hepatocyte engraftment in vivo. Human primary hepatocytes were transplanted into SCID mice either alone or in a mixture with HSCs (quiescent or after culture activation) or LX-2 cells (ratio 20:1). Four weeks after transplantation into mouse livers, human albumin-positive (huAlb(+)) hepatocytes were found scattered. When cotransplanted in a mixture with HSCs or LX-2 cells, huAlb(+) hepatocytes formed clusters and were more numerous occupying 2- to 5.9-fold more surface on the tissue section than in livers transplanted with hepatocytes alone. Increased huAlb mRNA expression in livers transplanted with the cell mixtures confirmed those results. The presence of HSCs increased the number of hepatocytes entrapped in the host liver at an early time point posttransplantation but not their proliferation in situ as assessed by cumulative incorporation of BrdU. Importantly, 4 weeks posttransplantation, we found no accumulation of αSMA(+)-activated HSCs or collagen deposition. To follow the fate of transplanted HSCs, HSCs derived from GFP(+) mice were injected into GFP(-) littermates: 17 h posttransplant, GFP(+) HSCs were found in the sinusoids, without proliferating or actively producing ECM; they were undetectable at later time points. Coculture with HSCs improved the number of adherent hepatocytes, with best attachment obtained when hepatocytes were seeded in contact with activated HSCs. In vivo, cotransplantation of hepatocytes with HSCs into a healthy liver recipient does not generate fibrosis, but significantly improves the engraftment of hepatocytes, probably by ameliorating cell homing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ange-Clarisse Dusabineza
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, UCL, Brussels, Belgium
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Kaldenbach M, Cubero FJ, Erschfeld S, Liedtke C, Trautwein C, Streetz K. Hepatic tissue environment in NEMO-deficient mice critically regulates positive selection of donor cells after hepatocyte transplantation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100786. [PMID: 24979756 PMCID: PMC4076192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocyte transplantation (HT) is a promising alternative treatment strategy for end-stage liver diseases compared with orthotopic liver transplantation. A limitation for this approach is the low engraftment of donor cells. The deletion of the I-kappa B kinase-regulatory subunit IKKγ/NEMO in hepatocytes prevents nuclear factor (NF)-kB activation and triggers spontaneous liver apoptosis, chronic hepatitis and the development of liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. We hypothesized that NEMOΔhepa mice may therefore serve as an experimental model to study HT. Methods Pre-conditioned NEMOΔhepa mice were transplanted with donor-hepatocytes from wildtype (WT) and mice deficient for the pro-apoptotic mediator Caspase-8 (Casp8Δhepa). Results Transplantation of isolated WT-hepatocytes into pre-conditioned NEMOΔhepa mice resulted in a 6-7 fold increase of donor cells 12 weeks after HT, while WT-recipients showed no liver repopulation. The use of apoptosis-resistant Casp8Δhepa-derived donor cells further enhanced the selection 3-fold after 12-weeks and up to 10-fold increase after 52 weeks compared with WT donors. While analysis of NEMOΔhepa mice revealed strong liver injury, HT-recipient NEMOΔhepa mice showed improved liver morphology and decrease in serum transaminases. Concomitant with these findings, the histological examination elicited an improved liver tissue architecture associated with significantly lower levels of apoptosis, decreased proliferation and a lesser amount of liver fibrogenesis. Altogether, our data clearly support the therapeutic benefit of the HT procedure into NEMOΔhepa mice. Conclusion This study demonstrates the feasibility of the NEMOΔhepa mouse as an in vivo tool to study liver repopulation after HT. The improvement of the characteristic phenotype of chronic liver injury in NEMOΔhepa mice after HT suggests the therapeutic potential of HT in liver diseases with a chronic inflammatory phenotype and opens a new door for the applicability of this technique to combat liver disease in the human clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kaldenbach
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Stephanie Erschfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Konrad Streetz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Distinct roles of Bcl-2 and Bcl-Xl in the apoptosis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells during differentiation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19820. [PMID: 21589877 PMCID: PMC3093403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be maintained over extended periods
of time before activation and differentiation. Little is known about the
programs that sustain the survival of these cells. Principal Findings Undifferentiated adult human MSCs (hMSCs) did not undergo apoptosis in
response to different cell death inducers. Conversely, the same inducers can
readily induce apoptosis when hMSCs are engaged in the early stages of
differentiation. The survival of undifferentiated cells is linked to the
expression of Bcl-Xl and Bcl-2 in completely opposite ways. Bcl-Xl is
expressed at similar levels in undifferentiated and differentiated hMSCs
while Bcl-2 is expressed only in differentiated cells. In undifferentiated
hMSCs, the down-regulation of Bcl-Xl is associated with an increased
sensitivity to apoptosis while the ectopic expression of Bcl-2 induced
apoptosis. This apoptosis is linked to the presence of cytoplasmic Nur 77 in
undifferentiated hMSCs. Significance In hMSCs, the expression of Bcl-2 depends on cellular differentiation and can
be either pro- or anti-apoptotic. Bcl-Xl, on the other hand, exhibits an
anti-apoptotic activity under all conditions.
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Inagaki M, Furukawa H, Satake Y, Okada Y, Chiba S, Nishikawa Y, Ogawa K. Replacement of liver parenchyma in analbuminemic rats with allogenic hepatocytes is facilitated by intrabone marrow-bone marrow transplantation. Cell Transplant 2010; 20:1479-89. [PMID: 21176395 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x547453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hepatocyte transplantation (HCTx) is expected to become a useful therapy for human liver diseases, allogenic hepatocytes still tend to be rejected within a short period due to host immunosurveillance. In the present study, we investigated the effect of prior bone marrow transplantation (BMTx) for the engraftment of allogenic hepatocytes using the analbuminemic rat transplantation model. The hepatocytes of Lewis (LEW) rats were not accepted in the liver of retrorsine (RS)/partial hepatectomy (PH)-treated analbuminemic F344 (F344-alb) rats, which express the disparate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) against that of LEW rats. Prior BMTx with the LEW bone marrow cells (BMCs) after sublethal irradiation achieved acceptance and repopulation of LEW hepatocytes in the liver of the RS/PH-treated F344-alb rats, associated with elevation of serum albumin. The replacement of hepatic parenchyma with albumin positive (Alb(+)) donor hepatocytes and elevation of serum albumin levels were dependent on the bone marrow reconstitution by donor BMCs, which was more efficiently achieved by intrabone marrow (IBM)-BMTx than by intravenous (IV)-BMTx. Our results demonstrate that efficient bone marrow reconstitution by IBM-BMTx enables the replacement of the hepatic parenchyma with allogenic hepatocytes in RS/PH-treated analbuminemic rats without immunosuppressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Inagaki
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
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Tschaharganeh DF, Kaldenbach M, Erschfeld S, Tischendorf JJW, Trautwein C, Streetz KL. Glycoprotein 130-dependent pathways in host hepatocytes are important for liver repopulation in mice. Liver Transpl 2010; 16:23-32. [PMID: 20035522 DOI: 10.1002/lt.21962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte transplantation (HT) is still restricted by the limited amount of transplantable cells. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in cellular engraftment, proliferation, and in vivo selection is important. Here we aimed to evaluate the role of the interleukin 6 (IL-6)/glycoprotein 130 (gp130) system for liver repopulation. Mice carrying a conditional hepatocyte-specific deletion of the common IL-6 signal transducer gp130 (gp130(Deltahepa)) were used for HT. First, we compared bone marrow transplantation (BMT), partial hepatectomy (PH), and retrorsine treatment of recipient mice to optimize the in vivo selection of transplanted hepatocytes. BMT combined with PH was sufficient to induce a 30-fold increase in the number of transplanted donor hepatocytes, whereas additional retrorsine pretreatment led to an up to 40-fold increase. Next, the influence of gp130 signaling in hepatocytes on cell selection was evaluated. Wild-type (WT) hepatocytes repopulated WT recipients at the same rate as gp130(Deltahepa) cells. In contrast, liver repopulation by transplanted cells was enhanced in gp130(Deltahepa) recipient mice. This was associated with higher proliferation of donor hepatocytes and enhanced apoptosis in gp130(Deltahepa) recipient livers. Additionally, the acute phase response was strongly induced after HT in WT recipients but blunted in gp130(Deltahepa) recipients. As a result, significantly more liver remodeling, evidenced by stronger hepatic stellate cell activation and collagen accumulation, was found in gp130(Deltahepa) mice after HT. In conclusion, the HT model established here can be efficiently applied to investigate cell-specific mechanisms in liver repopulation. Moreover, we have shown that gp130-dependent pathways in host hepatocytes are important for controlling liver repopulation.
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