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Tan D, Kang N, Zhu Y, Hou J, Wang H, Xu H, Zu C, Gao Z, Liu M, Liu N, Deng Q, Lu H, Liu J, Xie Y. Construction and efficacy testing of DNA vaccines containing HLA-A*02:01-restricted SARS-CoV-2 T-cell epitopes predicted by immunoinformatics. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:986-996. [PMID: 38655616 PMCID: PMC11322877 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines play essential roles in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. The development and assessment of COVID-19 vaccines have generally focused on the induction and boosting of neutralizing antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. Due to rapid and continuous variation in the S protein, such vaccines need to be regularly updated to match newly emerged dominant variants. T-cell vaccines that target MHC I- or II-restricted epitopes in both structural and non-structural viral proteins have the potential to induce broadly cross-protective and long-lasting responses. In this work, the entire proteome encoded by SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-hu-1) is subjected to immunoinformatics-based prediction of HLA-A*02:01-restricted epitopes. The immunogenicity of the predicted epitopes is evaluated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from convalescent Wuhan-hu-1-infected patients. Furthermore, predicted epitopes that are conserved across major SARS-CoV-2 lineages and variants are used to construct DNA vaccines expressing multi-epitope polypeptides. Most importantly, two DNA vaccine constructs induce epitope-specific CD8 + T-cell responses in a mouse model of HLA-A*02:01 restriction and protect immunized mice from challenge with Wuhan-hu-1 virus after hACE2 transduction. These data provide candidate T-cell epitopes useful for the development of T-cell vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrate a strategy for quick T-cell vaccine candidate development applicable to other emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Ning Kang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Yuanfei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Jia Hou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Huijun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Cheng Zu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Zixiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Mu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Qiang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniversityShanghai201508China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseasesthe Third People’s Hospital of ShenzhenThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518112China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniversityShanghai201508China
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Gan CY, Cui J, Zhang WL, Wang YW, Huang AL, Hu JL. DNA Engineering and Hepatitis B Virus Replication. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:783040. [PMID: 34858381 PMCID: PMC8632529 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.783040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant DNA technology is a vital method in human hepatitis B virus (HBV), producing reporter viruses or vectors for gene transferring. Researchers have engineered several genes into the HBV genome for different purposes; however, a systematic analysis of recombinant strategy is lacking. Here, using a 500-bp deletion strategy, we scanned the HBV genome and identified two regions, region I (from nt 2,118 to 2,814) and region II (from nt 99 to 1,198), suitable for engineering. Ten exogenous genes, including puromycin N-acetyl transferase gene (Pac), blasticidin S deaminase gene (BSD), Neomycin-resistance gene (Neo), Gaussia luciferase (Gluc), NanoLuc (Nluc), copGFP, mCherry, UnaG, eGFP, and tTA1, were inserted into these two regions and fused into the open reading frames of hepatitis B core protein (HBC) and hepatitis B surface protein (HBS) via T2A peptide. Recombination of 9 of the 10 genes at region 99-1198 and 5 of the 10 genes at region 2118-2814 supported the formation of relaxed circular (RC) DNA. HBV DNA and HBV RNA assays implied that exogenous genes potentially abrogate RC DNA by inducing the formation of adverse secondary structures. This hypothesis was supported because sequence optimization of the UnaG gene based on HBC sequence rescued RC DNA formation. Findings from this study provide an informative basis and a valuable method for further constructing and optimizing recombinant HBV and imply that DNA sequence might be intrinsically a potential source of selective pressure in the evolution of HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Gan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Ai-Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie-Li Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Chen CY, Winer BY, Chavez D, Guerra B, Brasky KM, Eng S, Salas E, Tam D, Simmons JH, Abee CR, Delaney WE, Ploss A, Lanford RE, Voitenleitner C. Woolly Monkey-HBV Infection in Squirrel Monkeys as a Surrogate Nonhuman Primate Model of HBV Infection. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:371-386. [PMID: 32140655 PMCID: PMC7049680 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of curative therapies for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection will likely require new animal models. Here, we evaluate HBV infection in squirrel monkeys based on the high-sequence homology of the HBV receptor, Na+/taurocholate co-transporting peptide (NTCP), between humans and squirrel monkeys. HBV PreS1 peptide was examined for binding human and squirrel monkey NTCP. Immunodeficient Fah -/- , NOD, Rag1 -/- , Il2Rg null (FNRG) mice engrafted with human or squirrel monkey hepatocytes were challenged with HBV or Woolly Monkey HBV (WMHBV). In addition, adult squirrel monkeys were inoculated with HBV, WMHBV, adeno-associated virus containing an infectious genome of HBV (AAV-HBV), and AAV-WMHBV. Finally, neonate squirrel monkeys were assessed for the potential of chronic infection with WMHBV. PreS1 peptide efficiently bound to human and squirrel monkey NTCP but not to mouse or capuchin NTCP. FNRG mice engrafted with squirrel monkey hepatocytes were susceptible to infection by WMHBV but not human HBV. Similarly, adult squirrel monkeys could be infected with WMHBV but not human HBV, whereas chimeric mice engrafted with human hepatocytes were susceptible to HBV but not WMHBV. Infection of squirrel monkeys with AAV-WMHBV yielded maximum viremia of 108 genomes/mL with detectable virus for up to 8 months. Notably, covalently closed circular DNA was detected in the liver of these animals. Infection of neonates with WMHBV led to detectable viremia for up to 6 months. Conclusions: Adult and neonate squirrel monkeys exhibited prolonged WMHBV viremia lasting 6-8 months. This is greater than twice the duration of viremia achieved in other nonhuman primates and suggests that squirrel monkeys may be a suitable model for testing HBV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Y. Chen
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTX
| | | | - Deborah Chavez
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTX
| | - Bernadette Guerra
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTX
| | - Kathleen M. Brasky
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTX
| | | | | | - Danny Tam
- Gilead Biosciences, Inc.Foster CityCA
| | - Joe H. Simmons
- Department of Comparative MedicineMichale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research of the University of Texas MD Anderson CenterBastropTX
| | - Christian R. Abee
- Department of Comparative MedicineMichale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research of the University of Texas MD Anderson CenterBastropTX
| | | | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNJ
| | - Robert E. Lanford
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTX
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Zeng Y, Gao T, Zhao G, Jiang Y, Yang Y, Yu H, Kou Z, Lone Y, Sun S, Zhou Y. Generation of human MHC (HLA-A11/DR1) transgenic mice for vaccine evaluation. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 12:829-36. [PMID: 26479036 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1103405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid occurrence of emerging infectious diseases demonstrates an urgent need for a new preclinical experimental model that reliably replicates human immune responses. Here, a new homozygous humanized human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A11/DR1 transgenic mouse (HLA-A11(+/+)/DR01(+/+)/H-2-β2m(-/-)/IAβ(-/-)) was generated by crossing HLA-A11 transgenic (Tg) mice with HLA-A2(+/+)/DR01(+/+)/H-2-β2m(-/-)/IAβ(-/-) mice. The HLA-A11-restricted immune response of this mouse model was then examined. HLA-A11 Tg mice expressing a chimeric major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule comprising the α1, α2, and β2m domains of human HLA-A11 and the α3 transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of murine H-2D(b) were generated. The correct integration of HLA-A11 and HLA-DR1 into the genome of the HLA-A11/DR1 Tg mice (which lacked the expression of endogenous H-2-I/II molecules) was then confirmed. Immunizing mice with a recombinant HBV vaccine or a recombinant HIV-1 protein resulted in the generation of IFN-γ-producing cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and antigen-specific antibodies. The HLA-A11-restricted CTL response was directed at HLA immunodominant epitopes. These mice represent a versatile animal model for studying the immunogenicity of HLA CTL epitopes in the absence of a murine MHC response. The established animal model will also be useful for evaluating and optimizing T cell-based vaccines and for studying differences in antigen processing between mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zeng
- a State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China.,b INSERM U1197 (ex U1014), University of Paris-Sud, Hospital Paul Brousse , Villejuif , France
| | | | - Guangyu Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China
| | - Yuting Jiang
- a State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China
| | - Yi Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China
| | - Hong Yu
- a State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China
| | - Zhihua Kou
- a State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China
| | - Yuchun Lone
- b INSERM U1197 (ex U1014), University of Paris-Sud, Hospital Paul Brousse , Villejuif , France
| | - Shihui Sun
- a State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China
| | - Yusen Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China.,c Wenzhou Medical University , Zhejiang , China
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Huang M, Sun R, Huang Q, Tian Z. Technical Improvement and Application of Hydrodynamic Gene Delivery in Study of Liver Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:591. [PMID: 28912718 PMCID: PMC5582077 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of an safe and efficient in vivo gene delivery method is indispensable for molecular biology research and the progress in the following gene therapy. Over the past few years, hydrodynamic gene delivery (HGD) with naked DNA has drawn increasing interest in both research and potential clinic applications due to its high efficiency and low risk in triggering immune responses and carcinogenesis in comparison to viral vectors. This method, involving intravenous injection (i.v.) of massive DNA in a short duration, gives a transient but high in vivo gene expression especially in the liver of small animals. In addition to DNA, it has also been shown to deliver other substance such as RNA, proteins, synthetic small compounds and even viruses in vivo. Given its ability to robustly mimic in vivo hepatitis B virus (HBV) production in liver, HGD has become a fundamental and important technology on HBV studies in our group and many other groups. Recently, there have been interesting reports about the applications and further improvement of this technology in other liver research. Here, we review the principle, safety, current application and development of hydrodynamic delivery in liver disease studies, and discuss its future prospects, clinical potential and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei, China
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Engineering Hepadnaviruses as Reporter-Expressing Vectors: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives. Viruses 2016; 8:v8050125. [PMID: 27171106 PMCID: PMC4885080 DOI: 10.3390/v8050125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hepadnaviridae family of small, enveloped DNA viruses are characterized by a strict host range and hepatocyte tropism. The prototype hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major human pathogen and constitutes a public health problem, especially in high-incidence areas. Reporter-expressing recombinant viruses are powerful tools in both studies of basic virology and development of antiviral therapeutics. In addition, the highly restricted tropism of HBV for human hepatocytes makes it an ideal tool for hepatocyte-targeting in vivo applications such as liver-specific gene delivery. However, compact genome organization and complex replication mechanisms of hepadnaviruses have made it difficult to engineer replication-competent recombinant viruses that express biologically-relevant cargo genes. This review analyzes difficulties associated with recombinant hepadnavirus vector development, summarizes and compares the progress made in this field both historically and recently, and discusses future perspectives regarding both vector design and application.
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Kuai R, Li D, Chen YE, Moon JJ, Schwendeman A. High-Density Lipoproteins: Nature's Multifunctional Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3015-41. [PMID: 26889958 PMCID: PMC4918468 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are endogenous nanoparticles involved in the transport and metabolism of cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides. HDL is well-known as the "good" cholesterol because it not only removes excess cholesterol from atherosclerotic plaques but also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, which protect the cardiovascular system. Circulating HDL also transports endogenous proteins, vitamins, hormones, and microRNA to various organs. Compared with other synthetic nanocarriers, such as liposomes, micelles, and inorganic and polymeric nanoparticles, HDL has unique features that allow them to deliver cargo to specific targets more efficiently. These attributes include their ultrasmall size (8-12 nm in diameter), high tolerability in humans (up to 8 g of protein per infusion), long circulating half-life (12-24 h), and intrinsic targeting properties to different recipient cells. Various recombinant ApoA proteins and ApoA mimetic peptides have been recently developed for the preparation of reconstituted HDL that exhibits properties similar to those of endogenous HDL and has a potential for industrial scale-up. In this review, we will summarize (a) clinical pharmacokinetics and safety of reconstituted HDL products, (b) comparison of HDL with inorganic and other organic nanoparticles,
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kuai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1150 W Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James J. Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to A. S. () or J.J.M. ()
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to A. S. () or J.J.M. ()
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Rivière L, Gerossier L, Ducroux A, Dion S, Deng Q, Michel ML, Buendia MA, Hantz O, Neuveut C. HBx relieves chromatin-mediated transcriptional repression of hepatitis B viral cccDNA involving SETDB1 histone methyltransferase. J Hepatol 2015; 63:1093-102. [PMID: 26143443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Maintenance of the covalently closed circular HBV DNA (cccDNA) that serves as a template for HBV transcription is responsible for the failure of antiviral therapies. While studies in chronic hepatitis patients have shown that high viremia correlates with hyperacetylation of cccDNA-associated histones, the molecular mechanisms controlling cccDNA stability and transcriptional regulation are still poorly understood. This study aimed to decipher the role of chromatin and chromatin modifier proteins on HBV transcription. METHODS We analyzed the chromatin structure of actively transcribed or silenced cccDNA by infecting primary human hepatocytes and differentiated HepaRG cells with wild-type virus or virus deficient (HBVX-) for the expression of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx), that is required for HBV expression. RESULTS In the absence of HBx, HBV cccDNA was transcriptionally silenced with the concomitant decrease of histone 3 (H3) acetylation and H3K4me3, increase of H3 di- and tri-methylation (H3K9me) and the recruitment of heterochromatin protein 1 factors (HP1) that correlate with condensed chromatin. SETDB1 was found to be the main histone methyltransferase responsible for the deposition of H3K9me3 and HBV repression. Finally, full transcriptional reactivation of HBVX- upon HBx re-expression correlated with an increase of histone acetylation and H3K4me3, and a concomitant decrease of HP1 binding and of H3K9me3 on the cccDNA. CONCLUSION Upon HBV infection, cellular mechanisms involving SETDB1-mediated H3K9me3 and HP1 induce silencing of HBV cccDNA transcription through modulation of chromatin structure. HBx is able to relieve this repression and allow the establishment of active chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Rivière
- Unité des Hépacivirus et Immunité Innée, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France; UMR CNRS 3569, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Gerossier
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Ducroux
- Unité des Hépacivirus et Immunité Innée, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France; UMR CNRS 3569, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France; Institute for Experimental Virology, Group Innate Immunity and Viral Evasion, 30625 Hannover, Germany(†)
| | - Sarah Dion
- Laboratoire de Pathogenèse des Virus de l'Hépatite B, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Qiang Deng
- Laboratoire de Pathogenèse des Virus de l'Hépatite B, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China(†)
| | - Marie-Louise Michel
- Laboratoire de Pathogenèse des Virus de l'Hépatite B, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Annick Buendia
- Inserm Unit U785, University Paris-Sud, Paul Brousse Hospital, 12 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Olivier Hantz
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Christine Neuveut
- Unité des Hépacivirus et Immunité Innée, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France; UMR CNRS 3569, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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Zhuo M, Song L, Tang Y, Dai S, Chen X, Yu Y, Zang G, Tang Z. Vaccination with ubiquitin-hepatitis B core antigen-cytoplasmic transduction peptide enhances the hepatitis B virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte immune response and inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in transgenic mice. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3591-3598. [PMID: 26004262 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterized by functionally impaired type 1 T-helper cell (Thl) immunity and poor HBV‑specific T‑cell responses. Ubiquitin (Ub), a highly conserved small regulatory protein, commonly serves as a signal for target proteins that are recognized and degraded in proteasomes. The rapid degradation of Ub‑mediated antigens results in efficient stimulation of cell‑mediated immune responses. Thus, the Ub‑HBV core antigen (HBcAg)‑cytoplasmic transduction peptide (CTP) fusion protein was designed for specific delivery of a foreign modified antigen to the cytoplasm of antigen‑presenting cells. HBV transgenic mice were used to determine whether Ub‑HBcAg‑CTP would restore HBV‑specific immune responses and anti‑viral immunity in these animals. The results demonstrated that synthesized Ub‑HBcAg‑CTP not only significantly increased the levels of interleukin‑2 and interferon (IFN)‑γ compared with those in the HBcAg‑CTP, IFN‑α, Ub‑HBcAg, HBcAg and phosphate‑buffered saline groups, but additionally induced the highest IFN‑γ+ CD8+ T‑cell numbers and HBV‑specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, indicating a strong immune response. In addition, enhancement of specific CTL activity provoked by the fusion protein reduced hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA serum levels and diminished the expression of HBsAg and HBcAg in liver tissue of HBV transgenic mice, suggesting that there was a therapeutic effect. In conclusion, the present study provided evidence that Ub‑HBcAg‑CTP activated the Th1‑dependent immunity, triggered functional T cell responses and subsequently inhibited viral replication in HBV transgenic mice. These observations suggested that the fusion protein may represent an innovative and promising candidate for active immunotherapy during chronic and persistent HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhuo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Song
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yuyan Tang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Shenglan Dai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Zang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghao Tang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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Hepatitis B virus preS1-derived lipopeptide functionalized liposomes for targeting of hepatic cells. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6130-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Serra-Hassoun M, Bourgine M, Boniotto M, Berges J, Langa F, Michel ML, Freitas AA, Garcia S. Human hematopoietic reconstitution and HLA-restricted responses in nonpermissive alymphoid mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1504-11. [PMID: 24973440 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We generated a new humanized mouse model to study HLA-restricted immune responses. For this purpose, we created unique murine hosts by enforcing the expression of human SIRPα by murine phagocytes in murine MHC-deficient HLA-transgenic alymphoid hosts, an approach that allowed the immune reconstitution of nonpermissive mice following injection of human hematopoietic stem cells. We showed that these mouse/human chimeras were able to generate HLA-restricted responses to immunization. These new humanized mice may offer attractive models to study immune responses to human diseases, such as HIV and EBV infections, as well as to assay new vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Serra-Hassoun
- Unité de Biologie des Populations Lymphocytaires, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 1961, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Maryline Bourgine
- Laboratoire de Pathogenèse des Virus de l'Hépatite B, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; INSERM U845, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Michele Boniotto
- Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Genome and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; and
| | - Julien Berges
- Unité de Biologie des Populations Lymphocytaires, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 1961, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Francina Langa
- Centre d'Ingénierie Génétique Murine, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Louise Michel
- Laboratoire de Pathogenèse des Virus de l'Hépatite B, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; INSERM U845, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Antonio A Freitas
- Unité de Biologie des Populations Lymphocytaires, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 1961, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Garcia
- Unité de Biologie des Populations Lymphocytaires, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 1961, 75724 Paris, France;
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12
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Tavis JE, Gehring AJ, Hu Y. How further suppression of virus replication could improve current HBV treatment. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 11:755-7. [PMID: 23977931 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2013.814846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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13
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Recombinant covalently closed circular hepatitis B virus DNA induces prolonged viral persistence in immunocompetent mice. J Virol 2014; 88:8045-56. [PMID: 24807718 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01024-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains crucial to develop a laboratory model for studying hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infection. We hereby produced a recombinant covalently closed circular DNA (rcccDNA) in view of the key role of cccDNA in HBV persistence. A loxP-chimeric intron was engineered into a monomeric HBV genome in a precursor plasmid (prcccDNA), which was excised using Cre/loxP-mediated DNA recombination into a 3.3-kb rcccDNA in the nuclei of hepatocytes. The chimeric intron was spliced from RNA transcripts without interrupting the HBV life cycle. In cultured hepatoma cells, cotransfection of prcccDNA and pCMV-Cre (encoding Cre recombinase) resulted in accumulation of nuclear rcccDNA that was heat stable and epigenetically organized as a minichromosome. A mouse model of HBV infection was developed by hydrodynamic injection of prcccDNA. In the presence of Cre recombinase, rcccDNA was induced in the mouse liver with effective viral replication and expression, triggering a compromised T-cell response against HBV. Significant T-cell hyporesponsiveness occurred in mice receiving 4 μg prcccDNA, resulting in prolonged HBV antigenemia for up to 9 weeks. Persistent liver injury was observed as elevated alanine transaminase activity in serum and sustained inflammatory infiltration in the liver. Although a T-cell dysfunction was induced similarly, mice injected with a plasmid containing a linear HBV replicon showed rapid viral clearance within 2 weeks. Collectively, our study provides an innovative approach for producing a cccDNA surrogate that established HBV persistence in immunocompetent mice. It also represents a useful model system in vitro and in vivo for evaluating antiviral treatments against HBV cccDNA. Importance: (i) Unlike plasmids that contain a linear HBV replicon, rcccDNA established HBV persistence with sustained liver injury in immunocompetent mice. This method could be a prototype for developing a mouse model of chronic HBV infection. (ii) An exogenous intron was engineered into the HBV genome for functionally seamless DNA recombination. This original approach could be also extended to other viral studies. (iii) rcccDNA was substantially induced in the nuclei of hepatocytes and could be easily distinguished by its exogenous intron using PCR. This convenient model system affords the opportunity to test antivirals directly targeting HBV cccDNA.
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14
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Boukhebza H, Dubois C, Koerper V, Evlachev A, Schlesinger Y, Menguy T, Silvestre N, Riedl P, Inchauspé G, Martin P. Comparative analysis of immunization schedules using a novel adenovirus-based immunotherapeutic targeting hepatitis B in naïve and tolerant mouse models. Vaccine 2014; 32:3256-63. [PMID: 24726690 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of active targeted immunotherapeutics is a rapid developing field in the arena of chronic infectious diseases. The question of repeated, closely spaced administration of immunotherapeutics to achieve a rapid impact on the replicating agent is an important one. We analyzed here, using a prototype adenovirus-based immunotherapeutic encoding Core and Polymerase from the hepatitis B virus (Ad-HBV), the influence of closely spaced repeated immunizations on the level and quality of induced HBV-specific and vector-specific immune responses in various mouse models. Ad-HBV, whether injected once or multiple times, was able to induce HBV- and adeno-specific T cells both in HBV-free mice and in a HBV tolerant mouse model. Adenovirus-specific T cell responses and titers of neutralizing anti-Ad5 antibodies increased from time of the 3rd injection. Interestingly, single or multiple Ad-HBV injections resulted in detection of Polymerase-specific functional T cells in HBV tolerant mice. Overall no modulation of the levels of HBV-specific cytokine-producing (IFNγ/TNFα) and cytolytic T cells was observed following repeated administrations (3 or 6 weekly injections) when compared with levels detected after a single injection with the exception of two markers: 1. the proportion of HBV-specific IFNγ-producing cells bearing the CD27+/CD43+ phenotype appeared to be sustained in C57BL/6J mice following 6 weekly injections; 2. the percentage of IFNγ/TNFα Core-specific producing cells observed in spleens of HLA-A2 mice as well as of that specific of Polymerase observed in livers of HBV tolerant mice was maintained. In addition, percentage of HBV-specific T cells expressing PD-1 was not increased by multiple injections. Overall these data show that, under experimental conditions used, rapid, closely spaced administrations of an adenovirus-based HBV immunotherapeutics does not inhibit induced T-cell responses including in a HBV-tolerant environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Boukhebza
- TRANSGENE SA, 321 Avenue Jean Jaures, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Clarisse Dubois
- TRANSGENE SA, 321 Avenue Jean Jaures, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Véronique Koerper
- TRANSGENE SA, Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach, 67405 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Alexei Evlachev
- TRANSGENE SA, 321 Avenue Jean Jaures, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Yasmine Schlesinger
- TRANSGENE SA, Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach, 67405 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Thierry Menguy
- TRANSGENE SA, Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach, 67405 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Nathalie Silvestre
- TRANSGENE SA, Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach, 67405 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Petra Riedl
- ULM University, Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Perrine Martin
- TRANSGENE SA, 321 Avenue Jean Jaures, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France.
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Adenoviral delivery of recombinant hepatitis B virus expressing foreign antigenic epitopes for immunotherapy of persistent viral infection. J Virol 2013; 88:3004-15. [PMID: 24371056 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02756-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We previously reported a proof-of-concept study for curing chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection using a foreign-antigen recombinant HBV (rHBV) as a gene therapy vector. Targeted elimination of wild-type HBV (wtHBV)-infected cells could be achieved by functionally activating an in situ T-cell response against the foreign antigen. However, as chronic HBV infection spreads to all hepatocytes, specific targeting of virus-infected cells is thought to be less critical. It is also feared that rHBV may not induce active immunization in a setting resembling natural infection. For this immunotherapeutic approach to be practically viable, in the present study, we used a recombinant adenovirus (rAd) vector for rHBV delivery. The rAd vector allowed efficient transduction of wtHBV-producing HepG2 cells, with transferred rHBV undergoing dominant viral replication. Progeny rHBV virions proved to be infectious, as demonstrated in primary tupaia hepatocytes. These results greatly expanded the antiviral capacity of the replication-defective rAd/rHBV in wtHBV-infected liver tissue. With prior priming in the periphery, transduction with rAd/rHBV attracted a substantial influx of the foreign-antigen-specific T-effector cells into the liver. Despite the fully activated T-cell response, active expression of rHBV was observed for a prolonged time, which is essential for rHBV to achieve sustained expansion. In a mouse model of HBV persistence established by infection with a recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying the wtHBV genome, rAd/rHBV-based immunotherapy elicited a foreign-antigen-specific T-cell response that triggered effective viral clearance and subsequent seroconversion to HBV. It therefore represents an efficient strategy to overcome immune tolerance, thereby eliminating chronic HBV infection. IMPORTANCE Adenovirus-delivered rHBV activated a foreign-antigen-specific T-cell response that abrogated HBV persistence in a mouse model. Our study provides further evidence of the potential of foreign-antigen-based immunotherapy for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.
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Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer leads to persistent hepatitis B virus replication in mice expressing HLA-A2 and HLA-DR1 molecules. J Virol 2013; 87:5554-63. [PMID: 23468504 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03134-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistence may be due to impaired HBV-specific immune responses being unable to eliminate efficiently or cure infected hepatocytes. The immune mechanisms that lead to HBV persistence have not been completely identified, and no appropriate animal model is available for such studies. Therefore, we established a chronic HBV infection model in a mouse strain with human leukocyte antigen A2/DR1 (HLA-A2/DR1) transgenes and an H-2 class I/class II knockout. The liver of these mice was transduced with adeno-associated virus serotype 2/8 (AAV2/8) carrying a replication-competent HBV DNA genome. In all AAV2/8-transduced mice, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, hepatitis B virus e antigen, and HBV DNA persisted in serum for at least 1 year. Viral replication intermediates and transcripts were detected in the livers of the AAV-injected mice. The hepatitis B core antigen was expressed in 60% of hepatocytes. No significant inflammation was observed in the liver. This was linked to a higher number of regulatory T cells in liver than in controls and a defect in HBV-specific functional T-cell responses. Despite the substantial tolerance resulting from expression of HBV antigens in hepatocytes, we succeeded in priming functional HBV-specific T-cell responses in peripheral tissues, which subsequently reached the liver. This AAV2/8-HBV-transduced HLA-A2/DR1 murine model recapitulates virological and immunological characteristics of chronic HBV infection, and it could be useful for the development of new treatments and immune-based therapies or therapeutic vaccines for chronic HBV infections.
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Abstract
Owing to the major limitations of current antiviral therapies in HBV (hepatitis B virus) infection, there is a strong need for novel therapeutic approaches to this major health burden. Stimulation of the host's innate and adaptive immune responses in a way that results in the resolution of viral infection is a promising approach. A better understanding of the virus-host interaction in acute and chronic HBV infection revealed several possible novel targets for antiviral immunotherapy. In the present review, we will discuss the current state of the art in HBV immunology and illustrate how control of infection could be achieved by immunotherapeutic interventions.
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Ru Z, Xiao W, Pajot A, Kou Z, Sun S, Maillere B, Zhao G, Ojcius DM, Lone YC, Zhou Y. Development of a humanized HLA-A2.1/DP4 transgenic mouse model and the use of this model to map HLA-DP4-restricted epitopes of HBV envelope protein. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32247. [PMID: 22403638 PMCID: PMC3293898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A new homozygous humanized transgenic mouse strain, HLA-A2.1(+/+)HLA-DP4(+/+) hCD4(+/+)mCD4(-/-)IAβ(-/-)β2m(-/-) (HLA-A2/DP4), was obtained by crossing the previously characterized HLA-A2(+/+)β2m(-/-) (A2) mouse and our previously created HLA-DP4(+/+) hCD4(+/+)mCD4(-/-)IAβ(-/-) (DP4) mouse. We confirmed that the transgenes (HLA-A2, HLA-DP4, hCD4) inherited from the parental A2 and DP4 mice are functional in the HLA-A2/DP4 mice. After immunizing HLA-A2/DP4 mice with a hepatitis B DNA vaccine, hepatitis B virus-specific antibodies, HLA-A2-restricted and HLA-DP4-restricted responses were observed to be similar to those in naturally infected humans. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that HLA-A2/DP4 transgenic mice can faithfully mimic human cellular responses. Furthermore, we reported four new HLA-DP4-restricted epitopes derived from HBsAg that were identified in both vaccinated HLA-A2/DP4 mice and HLA-DP4-positive human individuals. The HLA-A2/DP4 mouse model is a promising preclinical animal model carrying alleles present to more than a quarter of the human population. This model should facilitate the identification of novel HLA-A2- and HLA-DP4-restricted epitopes and vaccine development as well as the characterization of HLA-DP4-restricted responses against infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- INSERM U1014 (ex U542), Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Anthony Pajot
- INSERM U1014 (ex U542), Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Zhihua Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shihui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Bernard Maillere
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Saclay, Institut de Biologie et Technologies, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - David M. Ojcius
- Health Sciences Research Institute and School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Yu-chun Lone
- INSERM U1014 (ex U542), Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail: (YL); (YZ)
| | - Yusen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (YZ)
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Therapeutic vaccines and immune-based therapies for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: perspectives and challenges. J Hepatol 2011; 54:1286-96. [PMID: 21238516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has greatly improved over the last 10 years, but alternative treatments are still needed. Therapeutic vaccination is a promising new strategy for controlling chronic infection. However, this approach has not been as successful as initially anticipated for chronic hepatitis B. General impairment of the immune responses generated during persistent HBV infection, with exhausted T cells not responding correctly to therapeutic vaccination, is probably responsible for the poor clinical responses observed to date. Intensive research efforts are now focusing on increasing the efficacy of therapeutic vaccination without causing liver disease. Here we describe new approaches to use with therapeutic vaccination, in order to overcome the inhibitory mechanisms impairing immune responses. We also describe innovative strategies for generating functional immune responses and inducing sustained control of this persistent infection.
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Hepatitis B vaccines: Protective efficacy and therapeutic potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 58:288-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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