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Liu Q, Wang S, Fu J, Chen Y, Xu J, Wei W, Song H, Zhao X, Wang H. Liver regeneration after injury: Mechanisms, cellular interactions and therapeutic innovations. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1812. [PMID: 39152680 PMCID: PMC11329751 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver possesses a distinctive capacity for regeneration within the human body. Under normal circumstances, liver cells replicate themselves to maintain liver function. Compensatory replication of healthy hepatocytes is sufficient for the regeneration after acute liver injuries. In the late stage of chronic liver damage, a large number of hepatocytes die and hepatocyte replication is blocked. Liver regeneration has more complex mechanisms, such as the transdifferentiation between cell types or hepatic progenitor cells mediated. Dysregulation of liver regeneration causes severe chronic liver disease. Gaining a more comprehensive understanding of liver regeneration mechanisms would facilitate the advancement of efficient therapeutic approaches. This review provides an overview of the signalling pathways linked to different aspects of liver regeneration in various liver diseases. Moreover, new knowledge on cellular interactions during the regenerative process is also presented. Finally, this paper explores the potential applications of new technologies, such as nanotechnology, stem cell transplantation and organoids, in liver regeneration after injury, offering fresh perspectives on treating liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Translational Medicine CentreThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Senyan Wang
- Translational Medicine CentreThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Jing Fu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal TransductionNational Center for Liver CancerMinistry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver CancerShanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato‐biliary Tumor BiologyEastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University/NAVAL Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yao Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal TransductionNational Center for Liver CancerMinistry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver CancerShanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato‐biliary Tumor BiologyEastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University/NAVAL Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Xu
- Translational Medicine CentreThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Wenjuan Wei
- Translational Medicine CentreThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Hao Song
- Translational Medicine CentreThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Xiaofang Zhao
- Translational Medicine CentreThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Hongyang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal TransductionNational Center for Liver CancerMinistry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver CancerShanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato‐biliary Tumor BiologyEastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University/NAVAL Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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Xu C, Fang X, Song Y, Xiang Z, Xu X, Wei X. Transcriptional Control: A Directional Sign at the Crossroads of Adult Hepatic Progenitor Cells' Fates. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:3544-3556. [PMID: 38993564 PMCID: PMC11234216 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.93739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) have a bidirectional potential to differentiate into hepatocytes and bile duct epithelial cells and constitute a second barrier to liver regeneration in the adult liver. They are usually located in the Hering duct in the portal vein region where various cells, extracellular matrix, cytokines, and communication signals together constitute the niche of HPCs in homeostasis to maintain cellular plasticity. In various types of liver injury, different cellular signaling streams crosstalk with each other and point to the inducible transcription factor set, including FoxA1/2/3, YB-1, Foxl1, Sox9, HNF4α, HNF1α, and HNF1β. These transcription factors exert different functions by binding to specific target genes, and their products often interact with each other, with diverse cascades of regulation in different molecular events that are essential for homeostatic regulation, self-renewal, proliferation, and selective differentiation of HPCs. Furthermore, the tumor predisposition of adult HPCs is found to be significantly increased under transcriptional factor dysregulation in transcriptional analysis, and the altered initial commitment of the differentiation pathway of HPCs may be one of the sources of intrahepatic tumors. Related transcription factors such as HNF4α and HNF1 are expected to be future targets for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xixi Fang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yisu Song
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Alatas FS, Yamaza T, Matsuura T, Ongko L, Kadim M, Ohga S, Taguchi T, Tajiri T. Potential role of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth in inducing liver regeneration. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024. [PMID: 38859685 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Even with advancement of medical technologies, liver transplantation still faces several major challenges. Hence, other treatment modalities are urgently needed for patients with end-stage liver disease. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) was discovered to have highly proliferative and pluripotent properties; including differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells. This study aims to investigate the capability of intrasplenic transplanted SHED and SHED-Hep cells in inducing proliferation of stem cells and native hepatocytes in order to accelerate liver regeneration in liver fibrosis mice models. METHODS Three carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-injured male mice groups were used in this study. Two of those groups were transplanted with either SHED or SHED-Hep, while the other did not undergo transplantation. One age- and sex- matched healthy mice group was used as control. All specimens were immunohistochemically stained with anti-Ki-67 antibodies and anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibodies before counter stained with hematoxylin-eosin. RESULTS Anti-Ki-67 antibodies staining: at both 8 and 12 weeks, proliferating activity was predominantly seen on both SHED- and SHED-Hep-transplanted CCl4-injured mice groups, while control and non-transplanted CCl4-injured mice group showed little to no sign of proliferation activity. Anti-PCNA staining: at both 8 and 12 weeks, significant proliferating activity was detected by PCNA staining, mainly on stem cells population area on SHED- and SHED-Hep-treated group. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study has provided the evidence that transplantation of SHED or SHED-Hep on liver-injured mice induced proliferation of both transplanted stem cells and native liver cells in order to accelerate liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Safira Alatas
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Takayoshi Yamaza
- Departments of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Lukito Ongko
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muzal Kadim
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Departments of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Taguchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Fukuoka College of Health Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Tajiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Chen Y, Yan Y, Li Y, Zhang L, Luo T, Zhu X, Qin D, Chen N, Huang W, Chen X, Wang L, Zhu X, Zhang L. Deletion of Tgm2 suppresses BMP-mediated hepatocyte-to-cholangiocyte metaplasia in ductular reaction. Cell Prolif 2024:e13646. [PMID: 38623945 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (Tgm2) plays an essential role in hepatic repair following prolonged toxic injury. During cholestatic liver injury, the intrahepatic cholangiocytes undergo dynamic tissue expansion and remodelling, referred to as ductular reaction (DR), which is crucial for liver regeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the dynamics of active cells in DR are still largely unclear. Here, we generated Tgm2-knockout mice (Tgm2-/-) and Tgm2-CreERT2-Rosa26-mTmG flox/flox (Tgm2CreERT2-R26T/Gf/f) mice and performed a three-dimensional (3D) collagen gel culture of mouse hepatocytes to demonstrate how Tgm2 signalling is involved in DR to remodel intrahepatic cholangiocytes. Our results showed that the deletion of Tgm2 adversely affected the functionality and maturity of the proliferative cholangiocytes in DR, thus leading to more severe cholestasis during DDC-induced liver injury. Additionally, Tgm2 hepatocytes played a crucial role in the regulation of DR through metaplasia. We unveiled that Tgm2 regulated H3K4me3Q5ser via serotonin to promote BMP signalling activation to participate in DR. Besides, we revealed that the activation or inhibition of BMP signalling could promote or suppress the development and maturation of cholangiocytes in DDC-induced DR. Furthermore, our 3D collagen gel culture assay indicated that Tgm2 was vital for the development of cholangiocytes in vitro. Our results uncovered a considerable role of BMP signalling in controlling metaplasia of Tgm2 hepatocytes in DR and revealed the phenotypic plasticity of mature hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinlong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xianmin Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Wuhan University (Hubei Cancer Hospital), Wuhan, China
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Wang Q, Li Y, Yuan H, Peng L, Dai Z, Sun Y, Liu R, Li W, Li J, Zhu C. Hypoxia preconditioning of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells enhances proliferation and migration and promotes their homing via the HGF/C-MET signaling axis to augment the repair of acute liver failure. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102326. [PMID: 38442547 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a newly developed strategy for treating acute liver failure (ALF). Nonetheless, the low survival rate of MSCs after transplantation and their poor homing to damaged tissues limit the clinical application of MSCs. The research assessed whether hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) can improve the biological activity of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hA-MSCs), promote their homing ability to the liver of mice with ALF, and influence liver tissue repair. METHODS Flow cytometry, CCK8, Transwell, and Western blotting assays were conducted to assess the effects of hypoxic preconditioning on the phenotype, proliferation, and migration of hA-MSCs and the changes in the c-Met and CXCR4 gene expression levels were studied. To evaluate the effects of the transplantation of hypoxic preconditioning of hA-MSCs on the homing and repair of D-galactosamine (D-GalN)/LPS-induced ALF, the mechanism was elucidated by adding c-Met, CXCR4-specific blockers (SU11274 and AMD3100). RESULTS After hypoxia pretreatment (1% oxygen volume fraction), hA-MSCs maintained the morphological characteristics of adherence and vortex colony growth and showed high CD44, CD90, and CD105 and low CD31, CD34, and CD45 expression levels. Hypoxic preconditioning of hA-MSCs significantly increased their proliferation and migration and highly expressed the c-Met and CXCR4 genes. In vivo and in vitro, this migration-promoting effect was suppressed by the c-Met specific blocker SU11274. In the acute liver failure mouse model, the HGF expression level was considerably elevated in the liver than that in the serum, lungs and kidneys. The transplantation of hypoxic preconditioned hA-MSCs introduced a remarkable improvement in the liver function and survival rate of mice with ALF and enhanced the anti-apoptosis ability of liver cells. The anti-apoptotic enhancing effect of hypoxic preconditioning was suppressed by the c-Met specific blocker SU11274. Hypoxic hA-MSCs administration was observed to have considerably increased the fluorescent cells in the liver than that recorded after administering normal oxygen-hA-MSCs. The number of hepatic fluorescent cells decreased remarkably after adding the c-Met inhibitor SU11274, compared to that recorded after hypoxic pretreatment, whereas the effect of c-Met inhibitor SU11274 on normal oxygen-hA-MSCs was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic preconditioning depicted no impact on the morphology and phenotype features of the human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells, but it can promote their proliferation, migration, anti-apoptotic effect, and homing rate and improve the repair of acute liver failure, which might be mediated by the HGF/c-Met signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linya Peng
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixing Dai
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chuanlong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China.
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Cuesta ÁM, Palao N, Bragado P, Gutierrez-Uzquiza A, Herrera B, Sánchez A, Porras A. New and Old Key Players in Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17152. [PMID: 38138981 PMCID: PMC10742790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer represents a major health problem worldwide with growing incidence and high mortality, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most frequent. Hepatocytes are likely the cellular origin of most HCCs through the accumulation of genetic alterations, although hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) might also be candidates in specific cases, as discussed here. HCC usually develops in a context of chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, although the role of fibrosis is controversial. The interplay between hepatocytes, immune cells and hepatic stellate cells is a key issue. This review summarizes critical aspects of the liver tumor microenvironment paying special attention to platelets as new key players, which exert both pro- and anti-tumor effects, determined by specific contexts and a tight regulation of platelet signaling. Additionally, the relevance of specific signaling pathways, mainly HGF/MET, EGFR and TGF-β is discussed. HGF and TGF-β are produced by different liver cells and platelets and regulate not only tumor cell fate but also HPCs, inflammation and fibrosis, these being key players in these processes. The role of C3G/RAPGEF1, required for the proper function of HGF/MET signaling in HCC and HPCs, is highlighted, due to its ability to promote HCC growth and, regulate HPC fate and platelet-mediated actions on liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel M. Cuesta
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.M.C.); (N.P.); (P.B.); (A.G.-U.); (B.H.); (A.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Palao
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.M.C.); (N.P.); (P.B.); (A.G.-U.); (B.H.); (A.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Bragado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.M.C.); (N.P.); (P.B.); (A.G.-U.); (B.H.); (A.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Gutierrez-Uzquiza
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.M.C.); (N.P.); (P.B.); (A.G.-U.); (B.H.); (A.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.M.C.); (N.P.); (P.B.); (A.G.-U.); (B.H.); (A.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD-ISCIII), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.M.C.); (N.P.); (P.B.); (A.G.-U.); (B.H.); (A.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD-ISCIII), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Porras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.M.C.); (N.P.); (P.B.); (A.G.-U.); (B.H.); (A.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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An B, Nie W, Hu J, Fan Y, Nie H, Wang M, Zhao Y, Yao H, Ren Y, Zhang C, Wei M, Li W, Liu J, Yang C, Zhang Y, Li X, Tian G. A novel c-Met/TRK inhibitor 1D228 efficiently inhibits tumor growth by targeting angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:728. [PMID: 37945598 PMCID: PMC10636171 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiple tumors are synergistically promoted by c-Met and TRK, and blocking their cross-signalling pathway may give better effects. In this study, we developed a tyrosine kinase inhibitor 1D228, which exhibited excellent anti-tumor activity by targeting c-Met and TRK. Models in vitro, 1D228 showed a significant better inhibition on cancer cell proliferation and migration than the positive drug Tepotinib. Models in vivo, 1D228 showed robust anti-tumor effect on gastric and liver tumor growth with 94.8% and 93.4% of the TGI, respectively, comparing 67.61% and 63.9% of Tepotinib. Importantly, compared with the combination of Larotrectinib and Tepotinib, 1D228 monotherapy in MKN45 xenograft tumor models showed stronger antitumor activity and lower toxicity. Mechanistic studies showed that 1D228 can largely inhibit the phosphorylation of TRKB and c-Met. Interestingly, both kinases, TRKs and c-Met, have been found to be co-expressed at high levels in patients with gastric cancer through IHC. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis has revealed that both genes are abnormally co-expressed in multiple types of cancer. Cell cycle analysis found that 1D228 induced G0/G1 arrest by inhibiting cyclin D1. Additionally, vascular endothelial cells also showed a pronounced response to 1D228 due to its expression of TRKB and c-Met. 1D228 suppressed the migration and tube formation of endothelial cells, which are the key functions of tumor angiogenesis. Taken together, compound 1D228 may be a promising candidate for the next generation of c-Met and TRK inhibitors for cancer treatment, and offers a novel potential treatment strategy for cancer patients with abnormal expressions of c-Met or NTRK, or simultaneous of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baijiao An
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Wenyan Nie
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, PR China
| | - Yangyang Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Haoran Nie
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Mengxuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Yaxuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Han Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chuanchuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Mengna Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jiadai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chunhua Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Yin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
| | - Xingshu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Geng Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
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Toya K, Tomimaru Y, Kobayashi S, Harada A, Sasaki K, Iwagami Y, Yamada D, Noda T, Takahashi H, Kado T, Imamura H, Takaichi S, Chijimatsu R, Asaoka T, Tanemura M, Miyagawa S, Doki Y, Eguchi H. Efficacy of Autologous Skeletal Myoblast Cell Sheet Transplantation for Liver Regeneration in Liver Failure. Transplantation 2023; 107:e190-e200. [PMID: 37046371 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No effective therapies have yet been established for liver regeneration in liver failure. Autologous skeletal myoblast cell sheet transplantation has been proven to improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure, and one of the mechanisms has been reported to be a paracrine effect by various growth factors associated with liver regeneration. Therefore, the present study focused on the effect of myoblast cells on liver regeneration in vitro and in vivo. METHODS We assessed the effect of myoblast cells on the cells comprising the liver in vitro in association with liver regeneration. In addition, we examined in vivo effect of skeletal myoblast cell sheet transplantation in C57/BL/6 mouse models of liver failure, such as liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide and hepatectomy. RESULTS In vitro, the myoblast cells exhibited a capacity to promote the proliferation of hepatic epithelial cells and the angiogenesis of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and suppress the activation of hepatic stellate cells. In vivo, sheet transplantation significantly suppressed liver fibrosis in the induced liver fibrosis model and accelerated liver regeneration in the hepatectomy model. CONCLUSIONS Autologous skeletal myoblast cell sheet transplantation significantly improved the liver failure in the in vitro and in vivo models. Sheet transplantation is expected to have the potential to be a clinically therapeutic option for liver regeneration in liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Toya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tomimaru
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akima Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisaku Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kado
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Takaichi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Chijimatsu
- Center for Comprehensive Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Asaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Zhong J, Wu X, Gao Y, Chen J, Zhang M, Zhou H, Yang J, Xiao F, Yang X, Huang N, Qi H, Wang X, Bai F, Shi Y, Zhang N. Circular RNA encoded MET variant promotes glioblastoma tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4467. [PMID: 37491377 PMCID: PMC10368723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated by its single ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the receptor tyrosine kinase MET is pivotal in promoting glioblastoma (GBM) stem cell self-renewal, invasiveness and tumorigenicity. Nevertheless, HGF/MET-targeted therapy has shown limited clinical benefits in GBM patients, suggesting hidden mechanisms of MET signalling in GBM. Here, we show that circular MET RNA (circMET) encodes a 404-amino-acid MET variant (MET404) facilitated by the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) reader YTHDF2. Genetic ablation of circMET inhibits MET404 expression in mice and attenuates MET signalling. Conversely, MET404 knock-in (KI) plus P53 knock-out (KO) in mouse astrocytes initiates GBM tumorigenesis and shortens the overall survival. MET404 directly interacts with the MET β subunit and forms a constitutively activated MET receptor whose activity does not require HGF stimulation. High MET404 expression predicts poor prognosis in GBM patients, indicating its clinical relevance. Targeting MET404 through a neutralizing antibody or genetic ablation reduces GBM tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo, and combinatorial benefits are obtained with the addition of a traditional MET inhibitor. Overall, we identify a MET variant that promotes GBM tumorigenicity, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for GBM patients, especially those with MET hyperactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xujia Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yixin Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Junju Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Maolei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Huangkai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Feizhe Xiao
- Department of Scientific Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Nunu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Haoyue Qi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Fan Bai
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University (PKU), Beijing, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu Shi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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10
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Deng W, Hu T, Xiong W, Jiang X, Cao Y, Li Z, Jiang H, Wang X. Soluble epoxide hydrolase deficiency promotes liver regeneration and ameliorates liver injury in mice by regulating angiocrine factors and angiogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023:130394. [PMID: 37315719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a key enzyme for the hydrolysis of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, cancer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the role of sEH in liver regeneration and injury remains unclear. METHODS This study used sEH-deficient (sEH-/-) mice and wild-type (WT) mice. Hepatocyte proliferation was assessed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for Ki67. Liver injury was evaluated by histological staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome, and Sirius red, as well as IHC staining for α-SMA. Hepatic macrophage infiltration and angiogenesis were reflected by IHC staining for CD68 and CD31. Liver angiocrine levels were detected by ELISA. The mRNA levels of angiocrine or cell cycle-related genes were measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR). The protein levels of cell proliferation-related protein and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were detected by western blotting. RESULTS sEH mRNA and protein levels were significantly upregulated in mice after 2/3 partial hepatectomy (PHx). Compared with WT mice, sEH-/- mice exhibited a higher liver/body weight ratio and more Ki67-positive cells on days 2 and 3 after PHx. The accelerated liver regeneration in sEH-/- mice was attributed to angiogenesis and endothelial-derived angiocrine (HGF) production. Subsequently, hepatic protein expression of cyclinD1 (CYCD1) and the downstream direct targets of the STAT3 pathway, such as c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc, were also suppressed post-PHx in sEH-/- compared to WT mice. Furthermore, sEH deficiency attenuated CCl4-induced acute liver injury and reduced fibrosis in both CCl4 and bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis rodent models. Compared with WT mice, sEH-/- mice had slightly decreased hepatic macrophage infiltration and angiogenesis. Meanwhile, sEH-/- BDL mice had more Ki67-positive cells in the liver than WT BDL mice. CONCLUSIONS sEH deficiency alters the angiocrine profile of liver endothelial to accelerate hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration, and blunts acute liver injury and fibrosis by inhibiting inflammation and angiogenesis. sEH inhibition is a promising target for liver diseases to improve liver regeneration and damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China; Laboratory of Digestive Surgery, Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China
| | - Tengcheng Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China; Laboratory of Digestive Surgery, Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China
| | - Weixin Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China; Laboratory of Digestive Surgery, Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China; Laboratory of Digestive Surgery, Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China
| | - Zhengrong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China; Laboratory of Digestive Surgery, Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China; Laboratory of Digestive Surgery, Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China.
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330002, China.
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11
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Liang L, Zhang LY, Liu WT, Zong C, Gao L, Li R, Zhao QD, Zhao NP, Wei LX, Zhang L, Han ZP. Babao Dan decreases hepatocarcinogenesis by inhibiting hepatic progenitor cells malignant transformation via down-regulating toll-like receptor 4. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1073859. [PMID: 37251918 PMCID: PMC10213212 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1073859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Babao Dan (BBD) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used as a complementary and alternative medicine to treat chronic liver diseases. In this study, we aimed to observe the effect of BBD on the incidence of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated hepatocellular carcinoma formation in rats and explored its possible mechanism. Methods To verify this hypothesis, BBD was administrated to rats at a dose of 0.5g/kg body weight per two days from the 9th to 12th week in HCC-induced by DEN. Liver injury biomarkers and hepatic inflammatory parameters were evaluated by histopathology as well as serum and hepatic content analysis. We applied immunohistochemical analysis to investigate the expression of CK-19 and SOX-9 in liver tissues. The expression of TLR4 was determined by immunohistochemical, RT-PCR, and western blot analysis. Furthermore, we also detected the efficacy of BBD against primary HPCs neoplastic transformation induced by LPS. Results We observed that DEN could induce hepatocarcinogenesis, and BBD could obviously decrease the incidence. The biochemical and histopathological examination results confirmed that BBD could protect against liver injury and decrease inflammatory infiltration. Immunohistochemistry staining results showed that BBD could effectively inhibit the ductal reaction and the expression of TLR4. The results showed that BBD-serumcould obviously inhibit primary HPCs neoplastic transformation induced by regulating the TLR4/Ras/ERK signaling pathway. Conclusion In summary, our results indicate that BBD has potential applications in the prevention and treatment of HCC, which may be related to its effect on hepatic progenitor cells malignant transformation via inhibiting the TLR4/Ras/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Minimal Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Yao Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zong
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Li
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Dong Zhao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na-Ping Zhao
- Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Xin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Han
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Huppert SS, Schwartz RE. Multiple Facets of Cellular Homeostasis and Regeneration of the Mammalian Liver. Annu Rev Physiol 2023; 85:469-493. [PMID: 36270290 PMCID: PMC9918695 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-032822-094134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration occurs in response to diverse injuries and is capable of functionally reestablishing the lost parenchyma. This phenomenon has been known since antiquity, encapsulated in the Greek myth where Prometheus was to be punished by Zeus for sharing the gift of fire with humanity by having an eagle eat his liver daily, only to have the liver regrow back, thus ensuring eternal suffering and punishment. Today, this process is actively leveraged clinically during living donor liver transplantation whereby up to a two-thirds hepatectomy (resection or removal of part of the liver) on a donor is used for transplant to a recipient. The donor liver rapidly regenerates to recover the lost parenchymal mass to form a functional tissue. This astonishing regenerative process and unique capacity of the liver are examined in further detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey S Huppert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA;
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Tauran Y, Lereau-Bernier M, Segard BD, Danoy M, Kimura K, Shinohara M, Brioude A, Sakai Y, de Jonge H, Melnyk O, Vicogne J, Leclerc E. A novel agonist for the HGF receptor MET promotes differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells. Dev Growth Differ 2022; 64:527-536. [PMID: 36251346 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is the natural ligand of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase. This ligand-receptor couple is essential for the maturation process of hepatocytes. Previously, the rational design of a synthetic protein based on the assembly of two K1 domains from HGF led to the production of a potent and stable MET receptor agonist. In this study, we compared the effects of K1K1 with HGF during the differentiation of hepatocyte progenitors derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). In vitro, K1K1, in the range of 20 to 200 nM, successfully substituted for HGF and efficiently activated ERK downstream signaling. Analysis of the levels of hepatocyte markers showed typical liver mRNA and protein expression (HNF4α, albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, CYP3A4) and phenotypes. Although full maturation was not achieved, the results suggest that K1K1 is an attractive candidate MET agonist suitable for replacing complex and expensive HGF treatments to induce hepatic differentiation of hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Tauran
- CNRS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,LMI CNRS UMR5615, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Myriam Lereau-Bernier
- CNRS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bertrand David Segard
- CNRS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mathieu Danoy
- CNRS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kimura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Shinohara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arnaud Brioude
- LMI CNRS UMR5615, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hugo de Jonge
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pavia University Immunology and General Pathology section, Pavia, Italy
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 9017, CIIL, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Vicogne
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 9017, CIIL, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Eric Leclerc
- CNRS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Palao N, Sequera C, Cuesta ÁM, Baquero C, Bragado P, Gutierrez-Uzquiza A, Sánchez A, Guerrero C, Porras A. C3G down-regulation enhances pro-migratory and stemness properties of oval cells by promoting an epithelial-mesenchymal-like process. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5873-5884. [PMID: 36263169 PMCID: PMC9576514 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.73192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous data indicate that C3G (RapGEF1) main isoform is highly expressed in liver progenitor cells (or oval cells) compared to adult mature hepatocytes, suggesting it may play an important role in oval cell biology. Hence, we have explored C3G function in the regulation of oval cell properties by permanent gene silencing using shRNAs. We found that C3G knock-down enhanced migratory and invasive ability of oval cells by promoting a partial epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). This is likely mediated by upregulation of mRNA expression of the EMT-inducing transcription factors, Snail1, Zeb1 and Zeb2, induced in C3G-silenced oval cells. This EMT is associated to a higher expression of the stemness markers, CD133 and CD44. Moreover, C3G down-regulation increased oval cells clonogenic capacity by enhancing cell scattering. However, C3G knock-down did not impair oval cell differentiation into hepatocyte lineage. Mechanistic studies revealed that HGF/MET signaling and its pro-invasive activity was impaired in oval cells with low levels of C3G, while TGF-β signaling was increased. Altogether, these data suggest that C3G might be tightly regulated to ensure liver repair in chronic liver diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Hence, reduced C3G levels could facilitate oval cell expansion, after the proliferation peak, by enhancing migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Palao
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Sequera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Ángel M Cuesta
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Baquero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Bragado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Gutierrez-Uzquiza
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Guerrero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.,✉ Corresponding authors: A. Porras, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain. Tel.: +34 913941627; E-mail: . Co-correspondence: C. Guerrero, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Campus Unamuno s/n, Salamanca, Spain. Tel.: +34 923294801; Fax.: +34 923294795; e-mail:
| | - Almudena Porras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,✉ Corresponding authors: A. Porras, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain. Tel.: +34 913941627; E-mail: . Co-correspondence: C. Guerrero, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Campus Unamuno s/n, Salamanca, Spain. Tel.: +34 923294801; Fax.: +34 923294795; e-mail:
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15
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Zhang Q, Qian D, Tang DD, Liu J, Wang LY, Chen W, Wu CJ, Peng W. Glabridin from Glycyrrhiza glabra Possesses a Therapeutic Role against Keloid via Attenuating PI3K/Akt and Transforming Growth Factor-β1/SMAD Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10782-10793. [PMID: 36005946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glabridin (Gla) is a typical flavonoid isolated from the Glycyrrhiza glabra with various bioactivities and is a common additive in many cosmetics. In our study, we evaluated the antiscarring effect of Gla from G. glabra in a rabbit ear hyperplastic scar model. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining were applied to determine the pathological changes and collagen fibers of scar tissue in rabbits. The results suggested that Gla could reduce rabbit ear scar hyperplasia, inhibit inflammation, and decrease collagen production. Furthermore, the in vitro cell experiments were applied to determine the effects of Gla on human keloid fibroblasts (HKFs), and we observed that Gla suppressed the HKF cells' proliferation via inducing apoptosis. Subsequently, we found that Gla reduced collagen production in HKF cells. The further molecular mechanisms investigations suggested that Gla played a therapeutic role against keloid by attenuating PI3K/Akt and TGFβ1/SMAD pathways. Our study would be beneficial for extending the applications of the known sweet plant of G. glabra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Die Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610091, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
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16
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Fragoulis A, Schenkel J, Schröder N, Brandt EF, Weiand M, Neu T, Ramadori P, Caspers T, Kant S, Pufe T, Mohs A, Trautwein C, Longerich T, Streetz KL, Wruck CJ. Nrf2 induces malignant transformation of hepatic progenitor cells by inducing β-catenin expression. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102453. [PMID: 36209041 PMCID: PMC9618468 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nrf2 signaling pathway prevents cancer initiation, but genetic mutations that activate this pathway are found in various types of cancer. The molecular mechanisms underlying this Janus-headed character are still not understood. Here, we show that sustained Nrf2 activation induces proliferation and dedifferentiation of a Wnt-responsive perivenular hepatic progenitor cell population, transforming them into metastatic cancer cells. The neoplastic lesions display many histological features known from human hepatoblastoma. We describe an Nrf2-induced upregulation of β-catenin expression and its activation as the underlying mechanism for the observed malignant transformation. Thus, we have identified the Nrf2–β-catenin axis promoting proliferation of hepatic stem cells and triggering tumorigenesis. These findings support the concept that different functional levels of Nrf2 control both the protection against various toxins as well as liver regeneration by activating hepatic stem cells. Activation of the hepatic stem cell compartment confers the observation that unbridled Nrf2 activation may trigger tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Schenkel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicole Schröder
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Mathias Weiand
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Tabita Neu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Pierluigi Ramadori
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Caspers
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kant
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Antje Mohs
- Department of Medicine III, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany
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17
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Lazcanoiturburu N, García‐Sáez J, González‐Corralejo C, Roncero C, Sanz J, Martín‐Rodríguez C, Valdecantos MP, Martínez‐Palacián A, Almalé L, Bragado P, Calero‐Pérez S, Fernández A, García‐Bravo M, Guerra C, Montoliu L, Segovia JC, Valverde ÁM, Fabregat I, Herrera B, Sánchez A. Lack of
EGFR
catalytic activity in hepatocytes improves liver regeneration following
DDC
‐induced cholestatic injury by promoting a pro‐restorative inflammatory response. J Pathol 2022; 258:312-324. [DOI: 10.1002/path.6002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Lazcanoiturburu
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) Health Research Institute of the “Hospital Clínico San Carlos” (IdISSC), Madrid Spain
| | - Juan García‐Sáez
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) Health Research Institute of the “Hospital Clínico San Carlos” (IdISSC), Madrid Spain
| | - Carlos González‐Corralejo
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) Health Research Institute of the “Hospital Clínico San Carlos” (IdISSC), Madrid Spain
| | - Cesáreo Roncero
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) Health Research Institute of the “Hospital Clínico San Carlos” (IdISSC), Madrid Spain
| | - Julián Sanz
- Anatomical Pathology Service of the “Clínica Universidad de Navarra”, Madrid, Spain, and UCM Madrid Spain
| | - Carlos Martín‐Rodríguez
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) Health Research Institute of the “Hospital Clínico San Carlos” (IdISSC), Madrid Spain
| | - M. Pilar Valdecantos
- “Alberto Sols” Biomedical Research Institute, Spanish National Research Council and Autonomous University of Madrid (IIBM, CSIC‐UAM) Biomedical Research Networking Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders of the Carlos III Health Institute (CIBERDEM‐ISCIII) Madrid Spain
| | - Adoración Martínez‐Palacián
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) Health Research Institute of the “Hospital Clínico San Carlos” (IdISSC), Madrid Spain
| | - Laura Almalé
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) Health Research Institute of the “Hospital Clínico San Carlos” (IdISSC), Madrid Spain
| | - Paloma Bragado
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) Health Research Institute of the “Hospital Clínico San Carlos” (IdISSC), Madrid Spain
| | - Silvia Calero‐Pérez
- “Alberto Sols” Biomedical Research Institute, Spanish National Research Council and Autonomous University of Madrid (IIBM, CSIC‐UAM) Biomedical Research Networking Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders of the Carlos III Health Institute (CIBERDEM‐ISCIII) Madrid Spain
| | - Almudena Fernández
- National Center for Biotechnology (CNB‐CSIC), Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER‐ISCIII) Madrid Spain
| | - María García‐Bravo
- Cell Technology Division, Research Center for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT); Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER‐ISCIII); Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, “Fundación Jiménez Díaz” University Hospital Health Research Institute (CIEMAT/IIS‐FJD) Madrid Spain
| | - Carmen Guerra
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid Spain
| | - Lluis Montoliu
- National Center for Biotechnology (CNB‐CSIC), Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER‐ISCIII) Madrid Spain
| | - José Carlos Segovia
- Cell Technology Division, Research Center for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT); Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER‐ISCIII); Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, “Fundación Jiménez Díaz” University Hospital Health Research Institute (CIEMAT/IIS‐FJD) Madrid Spain
| | - Ángela M. Valverde
- “Alberto Sols” Biomedical Research Institute, Spanish National Research Council and Autonomous University of Madrid (IIBM, CSIC‐UAM) Biomedical Research Networking Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders of the Carlos III Health Institute (CIBERDEM‐ISCIII) Madrid Spain
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- TGF‐β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) , Barcelona, Spain; Oncology Program, Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD‐ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Physiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain
| | - Blanca Herrera
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) Health Research Institute of the “Hospital Clínico San Carlos” (IdISSC), Madrid Spain
| | - Aránzazu Sánchez
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) Health Research Institute of the “Hospital Clínico San Carlos” (IdISSC), Madrid Spain
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18
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Qian Y, Shang Z, Gao Y, Wu H, Kong X. Liver Regeneration in Chronic Liver Injuries: Basic and Clinical Applications Focusing on Macrophages and Natural Killer Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:971-981. [PMID: 35738473 PMCID: PMC9489753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver regeneration is a necessary but complex process involving multiple cell types besides hepatocytes. Mechanisms underlying liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy and acute liver injury have been well-described. However, in patients with chronic and severe liver injury, the remnant liver cannot completely restore the liver mass and function, thereby involving liver progenitor-like cells (LPLCs) and various immune cells. RESULTS Macrophages are beneficial to LPLCs proliferation and the differentiation of LPLCs to hepatocytes. Also, cells expressing natural killer (NK) cell markers have been studied in promoting both liver injury and liver regeneration. NK cells can promote LPLC-induced liver regeneration, but the excessive activation of hepatic NK cells may lead to high serum levels of interferon-γ, thus inhibiting liver regeneration. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the recent research on 2 important innate immune cells, macrophages and NK cells, in LPLC-induced liver regeneration and the mechanisms of liver regeneration during chronic liver injury, as well as the latest macrophage- and NK cell-based therapies for chronic liver injury. These novel findings can further help identify new treatments for chronic liver injury, saving patients from the pain of liver transplantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Qian
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Shang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Recent Advancements in Antifibrotic Therapies for Regression of Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091500. [PMID: 35563807 PMCID: PMC9104939 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis is a severe form of liver fibrosis that results in the irreversible replacement of liver tissue with scar tissue in the liver. Environmental toxicity, infections, metabolic causes, or other genetic factors including autoimmune hepatitis can lead to chronic liver injury and can result in inflammation and fibrosis. This activates myofibroblasts to secrete ECM proteins, resulting in the formation of fibrous scars on the liver. Fibrosis regression is possible through the removal of pathophysiological causes as well as the elimination of activated myofibroblasts, resulting in the reabsorption of the scar tissue. To date, a wide range of antifibrotic therapies has been tried and tested, with varying degrees of success. These therapies include the use of growth factors, cytokines, miRNAs, monoclonal antibodies, stem-cell-based approaches, and other approaches that target the ECM. The positive results of preclinical and clinical studies raise the prospect of a viable alternative to liver transplantation in the near future. The present review provides a synopsis of recent antifibrotic treatment modalities for the treatment of liver cirrhosis, as well as a brief summary of clinical trials that have been conducted to date.
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20
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Patel A, Aslam R, Jamil M, Ansari A, Khan S. The Effects of Growth Factors and Cytokines on Hepatic Regeneration: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e24539. [PMID: 35651436 PMCID: PMC9138487 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of liver disease increases throughout the years due to many lifestyle factors; thus, the only definite treatment available for chronic liver disease is a liver transplant. However, the liver has a natural ability to repair itself and regenerate its hepatic tissue from stem cells. It is hypothesized that by inducing the liver with specific growth factors and cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) compared to general growth factors like growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), it can regenerate, decreasing the need for liver transplant procedures. MEDLINE, the Journal of Hepatology, and Google Scholar were used to find articles. Various studies, including epidemiological studies dated from the year 2000 and greater, were used for the introduction. The results used only randomized control trials, experimental studies, and primary articles published since 2000. This compared the results of manipulating variables to determine the effects of hepatic regeneration by either specific hepatocyte growth factors or general growth factors like GDF-15. A total of 10 collected studies showed increased levels of gene expression and function, improved gross morphology, and histological appearance of the liver when induced by cytokines and specific growth factors versus general growth factors. Overall, the hypothesis was proven. The effects of GDF-15 were not significant compared to the effects of hepatocyte-specific growth factors and cytokines like IL-6 because they have two different effects on the liver after liver injury. Future studies should investigate this topic on the human hepatic regenerative ability, plus compare the effects of general growth factors like GDF-15 and specific hepatocyte growth factors and cytokines such as IL-6 in human liver tissue.
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21
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Holczbauer Á, Wangensteen KJ, Shin S. Cellular origins of regenerating liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100416. [PMID: 35243280 PMCID: PMC8873941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant primary cancer arising from the liver and is one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The cellular origin of HCC has been a topic of great interest due to conflicting findings regarding whether it originates in hepatocytes, biliary cells, or facultative stem cells. These cell types all undergo changes during liver injury, and there is controversy about their contribution to regenerative responses in the liver. Most HCCs emerge in the setting of chronic liver injury from viral hepatitis, fatty liver disease, alcohol, and environmental exposures. The injuries are marked by liver parenchymal changes such as hepatocyte regenerative nodules, biliary duct cellular changes, expansion of myofibroblasts that cause fibrosis and cirrhosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration, all of which may contribute to carcinogenesis. Addressing the cellular origin of HCC is the key to identifying the earliest events that trigger it. Herein, we review data on the cells of origin in regenerating liver and HCC and the implications of these findings for prevention and treatment. We also review the origins of childhood liver cancer and other rare cancers of the liver.
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22
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Rada P, Lamballe F, Carceller-López E, Hitos AB, Sequera C, Maina F, Valverde ÁM. Enhanced Wild-Type MET Receptor Levels in Mouse Hepatocytes Attenuates Insulin-Mediated Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050793. [PMID: 35269415 PMCID: PMC8909847 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence points to the MET receptor tyrosine kinase as a key player during liver development and regeneration. Recently, a role of MET in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and obesity is emerging. Herein, we aimed to determine whether MET regulates hepatic insulin sensitivity. To achieve this, mice in which the expression of wild-type MET in hepatocytes is slightly enhanced above endogenous levels (Alb-R26Met mice) were analyzed to document glucose homeostasis, energy balance, and insulin signaling in hepatocytes. We found that Alb-R26Met mice exhibited higher body weight and food intake when compared to R26stopMet control mice. Metabolic analyses revealed that Alb-R26Met mice presented age-related glucose and pyruvate intolerance in comparison to R26stopMet controls. Additionally, in Alb-R26Met mice, high MET levels decreased insulin-induced insulin receptor (IR) and AKT phosphorylation compared to control mice. These results were corroborated in vitro by analyzing IR and AKT phosphorylation in primary mouse hepatocytes from Alb-R26Met and R26stopMet mice upon insulin stimulation. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed MET-IR interaction under both basal and insulin stimulation conditions; this effect was enhanced in Alb-R26Met hepatocytes. Altogether, our results indicate that enhanced MET levels alter hepatic glucose homeostasis, which can be an early event for subsequent liver pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-L.); (A.B.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (F.M.); (Á.M.V.)
| | - Fabienne Lamballe
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France; (F.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Elena Carceller-López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-L.); (A.B.H.)
| | - Ana B. Hitos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-L.); (A.B.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Sequera
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France; (F.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Flavio Maina
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France; (F.L.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (F.M.); (Á.M.V.)
| | - Ángela M. Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-L.); (A.B.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (F.M.); (Á.M.V.)
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23
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BMP9 Promotes an Epithelial Phenotype and a Hepatocyte-like Gene Expression Profile in Adult Hepatic Progenitor Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030365. [PMID: 35159174 PMCID: PMC8834621 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, has emerged as a new player in chronic liver diseases (CLDs). Its levels increase in the fibrotic liver where it promotes fibrogenesis. It also regulates hepatic progenitor cells (oval cells in rodents), a cell population that contributes to repopulate the liver and recover functionality upon severe damage, but it can also be pro-fibrogenic, depending upon the hepatic microenvironment. Here we analyze the effect of chronic exposure to BMP9 in oval cells. We show that cells chronically treated with BMP9 (B9T-OC) display a more epithelial and hepatocyte-like phenotype while acquiring proliferative and survival advantages. Since our previous studies had revealed a functional crosstalk between BMP9 and the HGF/c-Met signaling pathways in oval cells, we analyzed a possible role for HGF/c-Met in BMP9-induced long-term effects. Data evidence that active c-Met signaling is necessary to obtain maximum effects in terms of BMP9-triggered hepatocytic differentiation potential, further supporting functionally relevant cooperation between these pathways. In conclusion, our work reveals a novel action of BMP9 in liver cells and helps elucidate the mechanisms that serve to increase oval cell regenerative potential, which could be therapeutically modulated in CLD.
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24
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Roddy H, Meyer T, Roddie C. Novel Cellular Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:504. [PMID: 35158772 PMCID: PMC8833505 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related death worldwide. Most patients present with advanced disease, and current gold-standard management using tyrosine kinase inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offers modest clinical benefit. Cellular immune therapies targeting HCC are currently being tested in the laboratory and in clinical trials. Here, we review the landscape of cellular immunotherapy for HCC, defining antigenic targets, outlining the range of cell therapy products being applied in HCC (such as CAR-T and TCR-T), and exploring how advanced engineering solutions may further enhance this therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Roddy
- UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; (H.R.); (T.M.)
| | - Tim Meyer
- UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; (H.R.); (T.M.)
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
- Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Claire Roddie
- UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; (H.R.); (T.M.)
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
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25
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Grundy M, Narendran A. The hepatocyte growth factor/mesenchymal epithelial transition factor axis in high-risk pediatric solid tumors and the anti-tumor activity of targeted therapeutic agents. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:910268. [PMID: 36034555 PMCID: PMC9399617 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.910268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials completed in the last two decades have contributed significantly to the improved overall survival of children with cancer. In spite of these advancements, disease relapse still remains a significant cause of death in this patient population. Often, increasing the intensity of current protocols is not feasible because of cumulative toxicity and development of drug resistance. Therefore, the identification and clinical validation of novel targets in high-risk and refractory childhood malignancies are essential to develop effective new generation treatment protocols. A number of recent studies have shown that the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-MET) influence the growth, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis of cancer cells. Therefore, the c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase and HGF have been identified as potential targets for cancer therapeutics and recent years have seen a race to synthesize molecules to block their expression and function. In this review we aim to summarize the literature that explores the potential and biological rationale for targeting the HGF/c-MET pathway in common and high-risk pediatric solid tumors. We also discuss selected recent and ongoing clinical trials with these agents in relapsed pediatric tumors that may provide applicable future treatments for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Grundy
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aru Narendran
- POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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26
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Sánchez PS, Rigual MDM, Djouder N. Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Mechanisms Controlling Cirrhosis Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205045. [PMID: 34680192 PMCID: PMC8534267 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The liver is continuously exposed to several harmful factors, subsequently activating sophisticated mechanisms set-up in order to repair and regenerate the damaged liver and hence to prevent its failure. When the injury becomes chronic, the regenerative response becomes perpetual and goes awry, leading to cirrhosis with a fatal liver dysfunction. Cirrhosis is a well-known risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common, usually lethal, human primary liver neoplasm with very limited therapeutic options. Considering the pivotal role of immune factors in the development of cirrhosis, here we review and discuss the inflammatory pathways and components implicated in the development of cirrhosis. A better understanding of these circuits would help the design of novel strategies to prevent and treat cirrhosis and HCC, two lethal diseases. Abstract Because the liver is considered to be one of the most important metabolic organs in the body, it is continuously exposed to damaging environmental agents. Upon damage, several complex cellular and molecular mechanisms in charge of liver recovery and regeneration are activated to prevent the failure of the organ. When liver injury becomes chronic, the regenerative response goes awry and impairs the liver function, consequently leading to cirrhosis, a liver disorder that can cause patient death. Cirrhosis has a disrupted liver architecture and zonation, along with the presence of fibrosis and parenchymal nodules, known as regenerative nodules (RNs). Inflammatory cues contribute to the cirrhotic process in response to chronic damaging agents. Cirrhosis can progress to HCC, the most common and one of the most lethal liver cancers with unmet medical needs. Considering the essential role of inflammatory pathways in the development of cirrhosis, further understanding of the relationship between immune cells and the activation of RNs and fibrosis would guide the design of innovative therapeutic strategies to ameliorate the survival of cirrhotic and HCC patients. In this review, we will summarize the inflammatory mechanisms implicated in the development of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nabil Djouder
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-3-491-732-8000 (ext. 3830); Fax: +34-3-491-224-6914
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27
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Li L, Lee J, Cho A, Kim JH, Ju W, An JN, Park JH, Zhu SM, Lee J, Yu SS, Lim CS, Kim DK, Kim YS, Yang SH, Lee JP. cMet agonistic antibody prevents acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease transition by suppressing Smurf1 and activating Smad7. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1427-1444. [PMID: 34061176 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the role of cMet agonistic antibody (cMet Ab) in preventing kidney fibrosis during acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition. Additionally, we explored the effect of cMet Ab on TGF-β1/Smad pathway during the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis. A unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (UIRI) mouse model was established to induce AKI-to-CKD transition. Furthermore, we incubated human proximal tubular epithelial cells (hPTECs) under hypoxic conditions as in vitro model of kidney fibrosis. We analyzed the soluble plasma cMet level in patients with AKI requiring dialysis. Patients who did not recover kidney function and progressed to CKD presented a higher increase in the cMet level. The kidneys of mice treated with cMet Ab showed fewer contractions and weighed more than the controls. The mice in the cMet Ab-treated group showed reduced fibrosis and significantly decreased expression of fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin. cMet Ab treatment decreased inflammatory markers (MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-1β) expression, reduced Smurf1 and Smad2/3 level, and increased Smad7 expressions. cMet Ab treatment increased cMet expression and reduced the hypoxia-induced increase in collagen-1 and ICAM-1 expression, thereby reducing apoptosis in the in vitro cell model. After cMet Ab treatment, hypoxia-induced expression of Smurf1, Smad2/3, and TGF-β1 was reduced, and suppressed Smad7 was activated. Down-regulation of Smurf1 resulted in suppression of hypoxia-induced fibronectin expression, whereas treatment with cMet Ab showed synergistic effects. cMet Ab can successfully prevent fibrosis response in UIRI models of kidney fibrosis by decreasing inflammatory response and inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Jeonghwan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyuk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonmin Ju
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Nam An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi Mao Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghun Lee
- R&D Center of Innovative Medicines, Helixmith Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Shin Yu
- R&D Center of Innovative Medicines, Helixmith Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Kidney Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Kidney Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Guillot A, Guerri L, Feng D, Kim SJ, Ahmed YA, Paloczi J, He Y, Schuebel K, Dai S, Liu F, Pacher P, Kisseleva T, Qin X, Goldman D, Tacke F, Gao B. Bile acid-activated macrophages promote biliary epithelial cell proliferation through integrin αvβ6 upregulation following liver injury. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:132305. [PMID: 33724957 DOI: 10.1172/jci132305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiopathies caused by biliary epithelial cell (BEC) injury represent a leading cause of liver failure. No effective pharmacologic therapies exist, and the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. We aimed to explore the mechanisms of bile duct repair after targeted BEC injury. Injection of intermedilysin into BEC-specific human CD59 (hCD59) transgenic mice induced acute and specific BEC death, representing a model to study the early signals that drive bile duct repair. Acute BEC injury induced cholestasis followed by CCR2+ monocyte recruitment and BEC proliferation. Using microdissection and next-generation RNA-Seq, we identified 5 genes, including Mapk8ip2, Cdkn1a, Itgb6, Rgs4, and Ccl2, that were most upregulated in proliferating BECs after acute injury. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed robust upregulation of integrin αvβ6 (ITGβ6) expression in this BEC injury model, after bile duct ligation, and in patients with chronic cholangiopathies. Deletion of the Itgb6 gene attenuated BEC proliferation after acute bile duct injury. Macrophage depletion or Ccr2 deficiency impaired ITGβ6 expression and BEC proliferation. In vitro experiments revealed that bile acid-activated monocytes promoted BEC proliferation through ITGβ6. Our data suggest that BEC injury induces cholestasis, monocyte recruitment, and induction of ITGβ6, which work together to promote BEC proliferation and therefore represent potential therapeutic targets for cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Guillot
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Seung-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yeni Ait Ahmed
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Janos Paloczi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Shen Dai
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Fengming Liu
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Xuebin Qin
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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29
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Machado L, Geara P, Camps J, Dos Santos M, Teixeira-Clerc F, Van Herck J, Varet H, Legendre R, Pawlotsky JM, Sampaolesi M, Voet T, Maire P, Relaix F, Mourikis P. Tissue damage induces a conserved stress response that initiates quiescent muscle stem cell activation. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1125-1135.e7. [PMID: 33609440 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tissue damage dramatically alters how cells interact with their microenvironment. These changes in turn dictate cellular responses, such as stem cell activation, yet early cellular responses in vivo remain ill defined. We generated single-cell and nucleus atlases from intact, dissociated, and injured muscle and liver and identified a common stress response signature shared by multiple cell types across these organs. This prevalent stress response was detected in published datasets across a range of tissues, demonstrating high conservation but also a significant degree of data distortion in single-cell reference atlases. Using quiescent muscle stem cells as a paradigm of cell activation following injury, we captured early cell activation following muscle injury and found that an essential ERK1/2 primary proliferation signal precedes initiation of the Notch-regulated myogenic program. This study defines initial events in response to tissue perturbation and identifies a broadly conserved transcriptional stress response that acts in parallel with cell-specific adaptive alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Machado
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Perla Geara
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Jordi Camps
- Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Research Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Jens Van Herck
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hugo Varet
- Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Département Biologie Computationnelle, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRS, 75015 Paris, France; Plate-forme Biomics - Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rachel Legendre
- Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Département Biologie Computationnelle, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRS, 75015 Paris, France; Plate-forme Biomics - Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France; Département de Virologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Research Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Thierry Voet
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Pascal Maire
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Frederic Relaix
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France; AP-HP, Hopital Mondor, Service d'histologie, F-94010 Creteil, France.
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30
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Lucendo-Villarin B, Meseguer-Ripolles J, Drew J, Fischer L, Ma E, Flint O, Simpson KJ, Machesky LM, Mountford JC, Hay DC. Development of a cost-effective automated platform to produce human liver spheroids for basic and applied research. Biofabrication 2020; 13:015009. [PMID: 33007774 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abbdb2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease represents an increasing cause of global morbidity and mortality. Currently, liver transplant is the only treatment curative for end-stage liver disease. Donor organs cannot meet the demand and therefore scalable treatments and new disease models are required to improve clinical intervention. Pluripotent stem cells represent a renewable source of human tissue. Recent advances in three-dimensional cell culture have provided the field with more complex systems that better mimic liver physiology and function. Despite these improvements, current cell-based models are variable in performance and expensive to manufacture at scale. This is due, in part, to the use of poorly defined or cross-species materials within the process, severely affecting technology translation. To address this issue, we have developed an automated and economical platform to produce liver tissue at scale for modelling disease and small molecule screening. Stem cell derived liver spheres were formed by combining hepatic progenitors with endothelial cells and stellate cells, in the ratios found within the liver. The resulting tissue permitted the study of human liver biology 'in the dish' and could be scaled for screening. In summary, we have developed an automated differentiation system that permits reliable self-assembly of human liver tissue for biomedical application. Going forward we believe that this technology will not only serve as anin vitroresource, and may have an important role to play in supporting failing liver function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lucendo-Villarin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
- Both authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - J Meseguer-Ripolles
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
- Both authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - J Drew
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - L Fischer
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - E Ma
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - O Flint
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - K J Simpson
- Scottish Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, United Kingdom
| | - L M Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - J C Mountford
- SNBTS, 52 Research Avenue North, Heriot-Watt Research Park, Edinburgh EH14 4BE, United Kingdom
| | - D C Hay
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
- Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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31
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Sato H, Imamura R, Suga H, Matsumoto K, Sakai K. Cyclic Peptide-Based Biologics Regulating HGF-MET. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217977. [PMID: 33121208 PMCID: PMC7662982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a random non-standard peptide integrated discovery system, we obtained cyclic peptides that bind to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor. (MET) HGF-inhibitory peptide-8 (HiP-8) selectively bound to two-chain active HGF, but not to single-chain precursor HGF. HGF showed a dynamic change in its molecular shape in atomic force microscopy, but HiP-8 inhibited dynamic change in the molecular shape into a static status. The inhibition of the molecular dynamics of HGF by HiP-8 was associated with the loss of the ability to bind MET. HiP-8 could selectively detect active HGF in cancer tissues, and active HGF probed by HiP-8 showed co-localization with activated MET. Using HiP-8, cancer tissues with active HGF could be detected by positron emission tomography. HiP-8 seems to be applicable for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. In contrast, based on the receptor dimerization as an essential process for activation, the cross-linking of the cyclic peptides that bind to the extracellular region of MET successfully generated an artificial ligand to MET. The synthetic MET agonists activated MET and exhibited biological activities which were indistinguishable from the effects of HGF. MET agonists composed of cyclic peptides can be manufactured by chemical synthesis but not recombinant protein expression, and thus are expected to be new biologics that are applicable to therapeutics and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sato
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (H.S.); (R.I.); (K.M.)
- WPI-Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ryu Imamura
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (H.S.); (R.I.); (K.M.)
- WPI-Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Kunio Matsumoto
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (H.S.); (R.I.); (K.M.)
- WPI-Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Tumor Microenvironment Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuya Sakai
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (H.S.); (R.I.); (K.M.)
- WPI-Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Correspondence:
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32
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Zakeri N, Mirdamadi ES, Kalhori D, Solati-Hashjin M. Signaling molecules orchestrating liver regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1715-1737. [PMID: 33043611 DOI: 10.1002/term.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The liver is in charge of more than 500 functions in the human body, which any damage and failure to the liver can significantly compromise human life. Numerous studies are being carried out in regenerative medicine, as a potential driving force, toward alleviating the need for liver donors and fabrication of a 3D-engineered transplantable hepatic tissue. Liver tissue engineering brings three main factors of cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), and signaling molecules together, while each of these three factors tries to mimic the physiological state of the tissue to direct tissue regeneration. Signaling molecules play a crucial role in directing tissue fabrication in liver tissue engineering. When mimicking the natural in vivo process of regeneration, it is tightly associated with three main phases of differentiation, proliferation (progression), and tissue maturation through vascularization while directing each of these phases is highly regulated by the specific signaling molecules. The understanding of how these signaling molecules guide the dynamic behavior of regeneration would be a tool for further tailoring of bioengineered systems to help the liver regeneration with many cellular, molecular, and tissue-level functions. Hence, the signaling molecules come to aid all these phases for further improvements toward the clinical use of liver tissue engineering as the goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Zakeri
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Sadat Mirdamadi
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Dianoosh Kalhori
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Solati-Hashjin
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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33
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So J, Kim A, Lee SH, Shin D. Liver progenitor cell-driven liver regeneration. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1230-1238. [PMID: 32796957 PMCID: PMC8080804 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a highly regenerative organ, but its regenerative capacity is compromised in severe liver diseases. Hepatocyte-driven liver regeneration that involves the proliferation of preexisting hepatocytes is a primary regeneration mode. On the other hand, liver progenitor cell (LPC)-driven liver regeneration that involves dedifferentiation of biliary epithelial cells or hepatocytes into LPCs, LPC proliferation, and subsequent differentiation of LPCs into hepatocytes is a secondary mode. This secondary mode plays a significant role in liver regeneration when the primary mode does not effectively work, as observed in severe liver injury settings. Thus, promoting LPC-driven liver regeneration may be clinically beneficial to patients with severe liver diseases. In this review, we describe the current understanding of LPC-driven liver regeneration by exploring current knowledge on the activation, origin, and roles of LPCs during regeneration. We also describe animal models used to study LPC-driven liver regeneration, given their potential to further deepen our understanding of the regeneration process. This understanding will eventually contribute to developing strategies to promote LPC-driven liver regeneration in patients with severe liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhoon So
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
| | - Angie Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Seung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Donghun Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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34
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Yin Y, Kong D, He K, Xia Q. Regeneration and activation of liver progenitor cells in liver cirrhosis. Genes Dis 2020; 8:623-628. [PMID: 34291133 PMCID: PMC8278536 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis is characterized as the progress of regenerative nodules surrounded by fibrous bands in response to chronic hepatic injury and causes portal hypertension and end-stage hepatic disease. Following liver injury, liver progenitor cells (LPCs) can be activated and differentiate into hepatocytes in order to awaken liver regeneration and reach homeostasis. Recent research has uncovered some new sources of LPCs. Here, we update the mechanisms of LPCs-mediated liver regeneration in cirrhosis by introducing the origin of LPCs and LPCs’ niche with a discussion of the influence of LPC-related cells. This article analyzes the mechanism of regeneration and activation of LPCs in cirrhosis in recent years aiming to provide help for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanze Yin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Defu Kong
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713, the Netherlands
| | - Kang He
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
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35
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Sorrentino G, Rezakhani S, Yildiz E, Nuciforo S, Heim MH, Lutolf MP, Schoonjans K. Mechano-modulatory synthetic niches for liver organoid derivation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3416. [PMID: 32651372 PMCID: PMC7351772 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent demonstration that primary cells from the liver can be expanded in vitro as organoids holds enormous promise for regenerative medicine and disease modelling. The use of three-dimensional (3D) cultures based on ill-defined and potentially immunogenic matrices, however, hampers the translation of liver organoid technology into real-life applications. We here use chemically defined hydrogels for the efficient derivation of both mouse and human hepatic organoids. Organoid growth is found to be highly stiffness-sensitive, a mechanism independent of acto-myosin contractility and requiring instead activation of the Src family of kinases (SFKs) and yes-associated protein 1 (YAP). Aberrant matrix stiffness, on the other hand, results in compromised proliferative capacity. Finally, we demonstrate the establishment of biopsy-derived human liver organoids without the use of animal components at any step of the process. Our approach thus opens up exciting perspectives for the establishment of protocols for liver organoid-based regenerative medicine. 3D liver organoids hold great promise for regenerative medicine but the use of ill-defined matrices limits their potential. Here, the authors generate human and mouse liver organoids using a chemically defined matrix, and reveal a link between matrix stiffness and organoid growth that does not require acto-myosin contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Saba Rezakhani
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ece Yildiz
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Nuciforo
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus H Heim
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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36
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Kamimoto K, Nakano Y, Kaneko K, Miyajima A, Itoh T. Multidimensional imaging of liver injury repair in mice reveals fundamental role of the ductular reaction. Commun Biol 2020; 3:289. [PMID: 32503996 PMCID: PMC7275065 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon severe and/or chronic liver injury, ectopic emergence and expansion of atypical biliary epithelial-like cells in the liver parenchyma, known as the ductular reaction, is typically induced and implicated in organ regeneration. Although this phenomenon has long been postulated to represent activation of facultative liver stem/progenitor cells that give rise to new hepatocytes, recent lineage-tracing analyses have challenged this notion, thereby leaving the pro-regenerative role of the ductular reaction enigmatic. Here, we show that the expanded and remodelled intrahepatic biliary epithelia in the ductular reaction constituted functional and complementary bile-excreting conduit systems in injured parenchyma where hepatocyte bile canalicular networks were lost. The canalicular collapse was an incipient defect commonly associated with hepatocyte injury irrespective of cholestatic statuses, and could sufficiently provoke the ductular reaction when artificially induced. We propose a unifying model for the induction of the ductular reaction, where compensatory biliary epithelial tissue remodeling ensures bile-excreting network homeostasis. Kenji Kamimoto et al. use multidimensional imaging technologies to study changes in the mouse biliary system following liver injury. They find an unexpected role of the ductular reaction – the process of ectopic expansion of biliary-like cells following liver injury – in restoring functional biliary structures in injured livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kamimoto
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Nakano
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kota Kaneko
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.,Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tohru Itoh
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
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Tang N, Zhang J, Fu X, Xie W, Qiu Y. PP2Acα inhibits PFKFB2-induced glycolysis to promote termination of liver regeneration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:1-7. [PMID: 32192773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the initiation and proliferation of liver regeneration (LR) has been extensively studied using the partial hepatectomy (PHx) model, while little is known about the termination of LR. PP2Acα (protein phosphatase 2 A catalytic subunit α isoform) is the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A), accounting for most of intracellular serine/threonine phosphatase activity. We have previously observed that termination of LR delayed in PP2Acα liver-specific knockout (LKO) mice after PHx. In our study, we used phospho explorer antibody array analysis to screen the potential phosphorylation targets of PP2Acα, and PP2Acα had a great influence on the hepatic phosphoproteomic signaling in the termination of LR after PHx. We then tested the phosphorylation changes and metabolic function of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-2 (PFKFB2), an isoform of the key glycolytic enzyme PFKFB, which was significantly regulated by PP2Acα knockout. PP2Acα knockout enhanced glycolysis in vivo and in vitro, while adenoviral-mediated RNAi of PFKFB2 reversed the extension of postoperative liver regeneration in KO mice along with the downregulation of glycolysis. Therefore, we demonstrated that PP2Acα liver-specific knockout regulated the hepatocytes glycolysis via activating PFKFB2, thus enhancing liver regeneration during the termination stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Tang
- The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingzi Zhang
- Medical School and Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiqi Xie
- The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yudong Qiu
- The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
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38
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Loss of SRSF2 triggers hepatic progenitor cell activation and tumor development in mice. Commun Biol 2020; 3:210. [PMID: 32372053 PMCID: PMC7200752 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Splicing factor SRSF2 is frequently mutated or up-regulated in human cancers. Here, we observe that hepatocyte-specific deletion of Srsf2 trigger development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in mice, which also involves inflammation and fibrosis. Importantly, we find that, when compensatory hepatocyte proliferation is impaired, activation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) play an important role in liver regeneration and tumor formation. Moreover, the cells of HCC- bearing livers display both HPC and hepatocyte markers, with gene expression profiling suggesting HPC origin and embryonic origin. Mechanically, we demonstrate that levels of oncofetal genes insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) and H19 are significantly increased in the tumors, likely due to decreased DNA methylation of the Igf2/H19 locus. Consequently, signaling via the Igf2 pathway is highly activated in the tumors. Thus, our data demonstrate that loss of Srsf2 triggers HPC-mediated regeneration and activation of oncofetal genes, which altogether promote HCC development and progression in mice. Chang Zhang, Lei Shen et al show that conditional deletion of the splicing factor Srsf2 in hepatocytes leads to activation and expansion of hepatic progenitor cells and eventually to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in aged mice. These findings may be relevant to HCC development in humans.
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Fragoulis A, Schenkel J, Herzog M, Schellenberg T, Jahr H, Pufe T, Trautwein C, Kensler TW, Streetz KL, Wruck CJ. Nrf2 Ameliorates DDC-Induced Sclerosing Cholangitis and Biliary Fibrosis and Improves the Regenerative Capacity of the Liver. Toxicol Sci 2020; 169:485-498. [PMID: 30825315 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nrf2 pathway protects against oxidative stress and induces regeneration of various tissues. Here, we investigated whether Nrf2 protects from sclerosing cholangitis and biliary fibrosis and simultaneously induces liver regeneration. Diet containing 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) was fed to Nrf2-KO mice (Nrf2-/-), mice with liver-specific hyperactivated Nrf2 (HKeap1-/-) and wild-type (WT) littermates to induce cholangitis, liver fibrosis, and oval cell expansion. HKeap1-/--mice were protected from almost all DDC-induced injury compared with WT and Nrf2-/-. Liver injury in Nrf2-/- and WT mice was mostly similar, albeit Nrf2-/- suffered more from DDC diet as seen for several parameters. Nrf2 activity was especially important for the expression of the hepatic efflux transporters Abcg2 and Abcc2-4, which are involved in hepatic toxin elimination. Surprisingly, cell proliferation was more enhanced in Nrf2-/-- and HKeap1-/--mice compared with WT. Interestingly, Nrf2-/--mice failed to sufficiently activate oval cell expansion after DDC treatment and showed almost no resident oval cell population under control conditions. The resident oval cell population of untreated HKeap1-/--mice was increased and DDC treatment resulted in a stronger oval cell expansion compared with WT. We provide evidence that Nrf2 activation protects from DDC-induced sclerosing cholangitis and biliary fibrosis. Moreover, our data establish a possible role of Nrf2 in oval cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology.,Molecular Tumor Biology, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Konrad L Streetz
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Zhang J, Tang N, Zhao Y, Zhao R, Fu X, Zhao D, Zhao Y, Huang L, Li C, Qiu Y, Xue B, Fang L. Global Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals Significant Metabolic Reprogramming in the Termination of Liver Regeneration in Mice. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1788-1799. [PMID: 32105074 PMCID: PMC7205775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is crucial in regulating various biological processes. However, comprehensive phosphoproteomic profiling in the termination of liver regeneration (LR) is still missing. Here, we used Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) labeling coupled with phosphopeptide enrichment and two-dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS analysis to establish a global phosphoproteomic map in the liver of mice at day 5 after partial hepatectomy (PH). Altogether, 9731 phosphosites from 3443 proteins were identified and 7802 phosphosites from 2980 proteins were quantified. Motif analysis of the identified phosphosites revealed a diverse array of consensus sequences, suggesting that multiple kinase families including ERK/MAPK, PKA/PKC, CaMK-II, CKII, and CDK may be involved in the termination of LR. Functional clustering analysis of proteins with dysregulated phosphosites showed that they mainly participate in metabolic pathways, DNA replication, and tight junction. More importantly, the deletion of PP2Acα in the liver remarkably changes the overall phosphorylation profile, indicating its critical role in regulating the termination of LR. Finally, several differentially phosphorylated sites were validated by co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot. Taken together, our data unravel the first comprehensive phosphoproteomic map in the termination of LR in mice, which greatly expands our knowledge in the complicated regulation of this process and provides new directions for the treatment of liver cancer using liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzi Zhang
- Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Neng Tang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yinjuan Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhao
- Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Chaojun Li
- Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yudong Qiu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bin Xue
- Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Addante A, Roncero C, Lazcanoiturburu N, Méndez R, Almalé L, García-Álvaro M, ten Dijke P, Fabregat I, Herrera B, Sánchez A. A Signaling Crosstalk between BMP9 and HGF/c-Met Regulates Mouse Adult Liver Progenitor Cell Survival. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030752. [PMID: 32204446 PMCID: PMC7140668 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During chronic liver disease, hepatic progenitor cells (HPC, oval cells in rodents) become activated, proliferate, and differentiate into cholangiocytes and/or hepatocytes contributing to the final outcome of the regenerative process in a context-dependent fashion. Here, we analyze the crosstalk between the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling axis, key for liver regeneration, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)9, a BMP family ligand that has emerged as a critical regulator of liver pathology. Our results show that HGF/c-Met signaling blocks BMP9-mediated apoptotic cell death, while it potentiates small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD)1 signaling triggered by BMP9 in oval cells. Interestingly, HGF-induced overactivation of SMAD1, -5, -8 requires the upregulation of TGF-β type receptor activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)1, and both ALK1 and SMAD1 are required for the counteracting effect of HGF on BMP9 apoptotic activity. On the other hand, we also prove that BMP9 triggers the activation of p38MAPK in oval cells, which drives BMP9-apoptotic cell death. Therefore, our data support a model in which BMP9 and HGF/c-Met signaling axes establish a signaling crosstalk via ALK1 that modulates the balance between the two pathways with opposing activities, SMAD1 (pro-survival) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK; pro-apoptotic), which determines oval cell fate. These data help delineate the complex signaling network established during chronic liver injury and its impact on the oval cell regenerative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Addante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (C.R.); (N.L.); (R.M.); (L.A.); (M.G.-Á.)
| | - Cesáreo Roncero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (C.R.); (N.L.); (R.M.); (L.A.); (M.G.-Á.)
| | - Nerea Lazcanoiturburu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (C.R.); (N.L.); (R.M.); (L.A.); (M.G.-Á.)
| | - Rebeca Méndez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (C.R.); (N.L.); (R.M.); (L.A.); (M.G.-Á.)
| | - Laura Almalé
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (C.R.); (N.L.); (R.M.); (L.A.); (M.G.-Á.)
| | - María García-Álvaro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (C.R.); (N.L.); (R.M.); (L.A.); (M.G.-Á.)
| | - Peter ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (C.R.); (N.L.); (R.M.); (L.A.); (M.G.-Á.)
- Correspondence: (B.H.); (A.S.); Tel.: +34 913941855 (A.S.)
| | - Aránzazu Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (C.R.); (N.L.); (R.M.); (L.A.); (M.G.-Á.)
- Correspondence: (B.H.); (A.S.); Tel.: +34 913941855 (A.S.)
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Complement C1q mediates the expansion of periportal hepatic progenitor cells in senescence-associated inflammatory liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6717-6725. [PMID: 32139604 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918028117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) develop in patients with chronic hepatitis, which creates a microenvironment for the growth of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) at the periportal area and subsequent development of HCCs. We investigated the signal from the inflammatory liver for this pathogenic process in the hepatic conditional β-catenin knockout mouse model. Senescent β-catenin-depleted hepatocytes in aged mice create an inflammatory microenvironment that stimulates periportal HPC expansion but arrests differentiation, which predisposes mice to the development of liver tumors. The release of complement C1q from macrophages in the inflammatory niche was identified as the unorthodox signal that activated the β-catenin pathway in periportal HPCs and was responsible for their expansion and de-differentiation. C1q inhibitors blocked the β-catenin pathway in both the expanding HPCs and the liver tumors but spared its orthodox pathway in pericentral normal hepatocytes. This mechanism has been validated in human liver specimens from patients with chronic hepatitis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that C1q- mediated activation of β-catenin pathway in periportal HPCs is a previously unrecognized mechanism for replenishing hepatocytes in the inflammatory liver and, if unchecked, for promoting hepatocarcinogenesis. C1q may become a new target for blocking carcinogenesis in patients with chronic hepatitis.
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Zhang XJ, Olsavszky V, Yin Y, Wang B, Engleitner T, Öllinger R, Schledzewski K, Koch PS, Rad R, Schmid RM, Friess H, Goerdt S, Hüser N, Géraud C, von Figura G, Hartmann D. Angiocrine Hepatocyte Growth Factor Signaling Controls Physiological Organ and Body Size and Dynamic Hepatocyte Proliferation to Prevent Liver Damage during Regeneration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 190:358-371. [PMID: 31783007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) control organ functions, metabolism, and development through the secretion of angiokines. LSECs express hepatocyte growth factor (Hgf), which is involved in prenatal development, metabolic homeostasis, and liver regeneration. This study aimed to elucidate the precise contribution of LSEC-derived Hgf in physiological homeostasis and liver regeneration. Stab2-iCretg/wt;Hgffl/fl (HgfΔLSEC) mice were generated to abrogate Hgf expression selectively in LSECs from early fetal development onwards, to study global development, metabolic and endothelial zonation, and organ functions as well as liver regeneration in response to 70% partial hepatectomy (PH). Although zonation and liver/body weight ratios were not altered, total body weight and total liver weight were reduced in HgfΔLSEC. Necrotic organ damage was more marked in HgfΔLSEC mice, and regeneration was delayed 72 hours after PH. This was associated with decreased hepatocyte proliferation at 48 hours after PH. Molecularly, HgfΔLSEC mice showed down-regulation of Hgf/c-Met signaling and decreased expression of Deptor in hepatocytes. In vitro knockdown of Deptor was associated with decreased proliferation. Therefore, angiocrine Hgf controls hepatocyte proliferation and susceptibility to necrosis after partial hepatectomy via the Hgf/c-Met axis involving Deptor to prevent excessive organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jun Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Victor Olsavszky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yuhan Yin
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Baocai Wang
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Engleitner
- Translatum Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine II, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Translatum Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine II, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Schledzewski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp-Sebastian Koch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Translatum Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine II, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- II: Medical Clinic and Policlinic, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Sergij Goerdt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Hüser
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Cyrill Géraud
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany; Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Guido von Figura
- II: Medical Clinic and Policlinic, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Hartmann
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
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Qian L, Zhang H, Gu Y, Li D, He S, Wang H, Cheng Y, Yang W, Yu H, Zhao X, Cai W, Meng L, Jin M, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Reduced production of laminin by hepatic stellate cells contributes to impairment in oval cell response to liver injury in aged mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3713-3735. [PMID: 30513510 PMCID: PMC6326669 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aged liver is usually impaired in response to hepatic injury. Tissue-specific stem cells participate in the repair of tissue injury. However, how oval cells (OCs) respond to injury and how the process is regulated by tissue microenvironment in aged mice have not been fully understood. In this study, taking advantage of well-established murine OC activation model, we demonstrated that OCs were less activated upon injury in aged mice and the impairment was mainly attributed to dysfunction in their niche. Through analyzing global gene expression, we found that the genes differentially expressed in damaged young and aged mouse liver tissues were predominantly those required for the formation and remodeling of extracellular matrix. As one of the most important extracellular matrix components in the OC niche, laminin was shown to promote the proliferation of OCs. Not surprisingly, laminin was downregulated with aging. Consistent with the downregulation of genes encoding DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) proteins in aged hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), inhibition of DNA-PK also led to reduced expression of laminin in HSCs. Moreover, impairment in OC activation caused by less supporting from DNA-damaged HSCs could be rescued by laminin. This study reveals a new cellular mechanism underlying impaired OCs functionality during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Qian
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Gu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dechun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Songbing He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiji Cheng
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanlin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongshuang Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanyun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Daniel MG, Sachs D, Bernitz JM, Fstkchyan Y, Rapp K, Satija N, Law K, Patel F, Gomes AM, Kim HS, Pereira CF, Chen B, Lemischka IR, Moore KA. Induction of human hemogenesis in adult fibroblasts by defined factors and hematopoietic coculture. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3266-3287. [PMID: 31557312 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor (TF)-based reprogramming of somatic tissues holds great promise for regenerative medicine. Previously, we demonstrated that the TFs GATA2, GFI1B, and FOS convert mouse and human fibroblasts to hemogenic endothelial-like precursors that generate hematopoietic stem progenitor (HSPC)-like cells over time. This conversion is lacking in robustness both in yield and biological function. Herein, we show that inclusion of GFI1 to the reprogramming cocktail significantly expands the HSPC-like population. AFT024 coculture imparts functional potential to these cells and allows quantification of stem cell frequency. Altogether, we demonstrate an improved human hemogenic induction protocol that could provide a valuable human in vitro model of hematopoiesis for disease modeling and a platform for cell-based therapeutics. DATABASE: Gene expression data are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database under the accession number GSE130361.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Daniel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Sachs
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Bernitz
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yesai Fstkchyan
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katrina Rapp
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Namita Satija
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Law
- Rocket Pharmaceuticals Ltd, New York, NY, USA
| | - Foram Patel
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreia M Gomes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Huen-Suk Kim
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos-Filipe Pereira
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Chen
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ihor R Lemischka
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kateri A Moore
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Kitade M, Kaji K, Nishimura N, Seki K, Nakanishi K, Tsuji Y, Sato S, Saikawa S, Takaya H, Kawaratani H, Namisaki T, Moriya K, Mitoro A, Yoshiji H. Blocking development of liver fibrosis augments hepatic progenitor cell-derived liver regeneration in a mouse chronic liver injury model. Hepatol Res 2019; 49:1034-1045. [PMID: 30989766 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The roles of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) in regeneration of a diseased liver are unclear. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) contribute to liver fibrosis but are also a component of the HPC niche. Hepatic progenitor cells expand along with HSC activation and liver fibrosis. However, little is known about the interplay of liver fibrosis and HPC-mediated liver regeneration. This study aimed to investigate HSCs and HPCs in liver regeneration. METHODS Liver injury in mice was induced with 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine, and HPC expansion and fibrosis were assessed. An angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) was administered to assess its effect on fibrosis and regeneration. RESULTS Treatment with ARB attenuated fibrosis and expansion of α-smooth muscle actin-positive activated HSCs as indicated by increased liver weight and Ki-67-positive hepatocytes. Immunohistochemical staining suggested that HPC differentiation was shifted toward hepatocytes (HCs) when ARB treatment decreased HPC encapsulation by HSCs and extracellular matrix. Conditioned medium produced by culturing the human HSC LX-2 line strongly augmented differentiation to biliary epithelial cells (BECs) but inhibited that to HCs. Activated HSCs expressed Jagged1, a NOTCH ligand, which plays a central role in differentiation of HPCs toward BECs. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic stellate cells, the HPC niche cells, control differentiation of HPCs, directing them toward BECs rather than HCs in a diseased liver model. Antifibrosis treatment with an ARB preferentially redirects HPC differentiation toward HCs by blocking the NOTCH pathway in the HPC niche, resulting in more efficient HPC-mediated liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuteru Kitade
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kaji
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Norihisa Nishimura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Seki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakanishi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuki Tsuji
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Soichiro Saikawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takaya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hideto Kawaratani
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Tadashi Namisaki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kei Moriya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Akira Mitoro
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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A hepatocyte growth factor/MET-induced antiapoptotic pathway protects against radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction. Radiother Oncol 2019; 138:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
Introduction: Liver disease is an increasing cause of worldwide mortality, and currently the only curative treatment for end-stage liver disease is whole organ allograft transplantation. Whilst this is an effective treatment, there is a shortage of suitable grafts and consequently some patients die whilst on the waiting list. Cell therapy provides an alternative treatment to increase liver function and potentially ameliorate fibrosis. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the different cellular sources for therapy investigated to date in humans including mature hepatocytes, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells and hepatic progenitor cells. Cells investigated in animals include embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and directly reprogrammed cells. We then appraise the experience and evidence base underlying each cell type. Expert opinion: We discuss how this field may evolve in the years to come focusing on opportunities to enhance the intrinsic regenerative response with therapeutic targets and cell therapies. Growing expertise in tissue engineering will likely lead to increasingly complex bio-reactors and bio-artificial livers, which open a further avenue to restore liver function and delay or prevent the need for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Boyd
- a NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.,b Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.,c Liver Unit , University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham , UK
| | - Philip Newsome
- a NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.,b Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.,c Liver Unit , University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham , UK
| | - Wei-Yu Lu
- b Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
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Almalé L, García-Álvaro M, Martínez-Palacián A, García-Bravo M, Lazcanoiturburu N, Addante A, Roncero C, Sanz J, de la O López M, Bragado P, Mikulits W, Factor VM, Thorgeirsson SS, Casal JI, Segovia JC, Rial E, Fabregat I, Herrera B, Sánchez A. c-Met Signaling Is Essential for Mouse Adult Liver Progenitor Cells Expansion After Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Regulates Cell Phenotypic Switch. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1108-1118. [PMID: 31108004 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adult hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs)/oval cells are bipotential progenitors that participate in liver repair responses upon chronic injury. Recent findings highlight HPCs plasticity and importance of the HPCs niche signals to determine their fate during the regenerative process, favoring either fibrogenesis or damage resolution. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are among the key signals involved in liver regeneration and as component of HPCs niche regulates HPCs biology. Here, we characterize the TGF-β-triggered epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) response in oval cells, its effects on cell fate in vivo, and the regulatory effect of the HGF/c-Met signaling. Our data show that chronic treatment with TGF-β triggers a partial EMT in oval cells based on coexpression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers. The phenotypic and functional profiling indicates that TGF-β-induced EMT is not associated with stemness but rather represents a step forward along hepatic lineage. This phenotypic transition confers advantageous traits to HPCs including survival, migratory/invasive and metabolic benefit, overall enhancing the regenerative potential of oval cells upon transplantation into a carbon tetrachloride-damaged liver. We further uncover a key contribution of the HGF/c-Met pathway to modulate the TGF-β-mediated EMT response. It allows oval cells expansion after EMT by controlling oxidative stress and apoptosis, likely via Twist regulation, and it counterbalances EMT by maintaining epithelial properties. Our work provides evidence that a coordinated and balanced action of TGF-β and HGF are critical for achievement of the optimal regenerative potential of HPCs, opening new therapeutic perspectives. Stem Cells 2019;37:1108-1118.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Almalé
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-Álvaro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adoración Martínez-Palacián
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-Bravo
- Cell Differentiation and Cytometry Unit, Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, CIEMAT/IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Lazcanoiturburu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Annalisa Addante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cesáreo Roncero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Sanz
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María de la O López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Bragado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentina M Factor
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Snorri S Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J Ignacio Casal
- Department of Functional Proteomics, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Carlos Segovia
- Cell Differentiation and Cytometry Unit, Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, CIEMAT/IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Rial
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Van Haele M, Snoeck J, Roskams T. Human Liver Regeneration: An Etiology Dependent Process. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092332. [PMID: 31083462 PMCID: PMC6539121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of the liver has been an interesting and well-investigated topic for many decades. This etiology and time-dependent mechanism has proven to be extremely challenging to investigate, certainly in human diseases. A reason for this challenge is found in the numerous interactions of different cell components, of which some are even only temporarily present (e.g., inflammatory cells). To orchestrate regeneration of the epithelial cells, their interaction with the non-epithelial components is of utmost importance. Hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, liver progenitor cells, and peribiliary glands have proven to be compartments of regeneration. The ductular reaction is a common denominator in virtually all liver diseases; however, it is predominantly found in late-stage hepatic and biliary diseases. Ductular reaction is an intriguing example of interplay between epithelial and non-epithelial cells and encompasses bipotential liver progenitor cells which are able to compensate for the loss of the exhausted hepatocytes and cholangiocytes in biliary and hepatocytic liver diseases. In this manuscript, we focus on the etiology-specific damage that is observed in different human diseases and how the liver regulates the regenerative response in an acute and chronic setting. Furthermore, we describe the importance of morphological keynotes in different etiologies and how spatial information is of relevance for every basic and translational research of liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Van Haele
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Janne Snoeck
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Tania Roskams
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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