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Hibi D, Soma M, Suzuki Y, Takasu S, Ishii Y, Umemura T. Appearance of sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9)- and glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive hepatocytes as possible carcinogenic events in the early stage of furan-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 39171654 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Furan, the basic skeleton of various flavoring agents, induces cholangiocellular tumors with higher incidences in the caudate lobe and hepatocellular tumors without the lobe specificity in rats, but the mechanism is unclear. We investigated the lobe distribution of possible carcinogenic events. Furan caused proliferation/infiltration of oval and inflammatory cells prominently in the caudate lobe as early as 4 weeks and cholangiofibrosis in this lobe at 8 weeks. In vivo mutagenicity assays using DNA extracted from the caudate or left lateral lobe of male gpt delta rats, the reporter gene-transgenic rats, treated with 8 mg/kg furan for 4 or 8 weeks showed negative outcomes. The distribution of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive or sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9)-positive hepatocytes was examined. Significant increases in the number of GST-P-positive hepatocytes were observed in all lobes of furan-treated rats at 8 weeks. By contrast, SOX9-positive hepatocytes, liver injury-inducible progenitor cells, were also found in all lobes of treated rats, the incidences of which were by far the highest in the caudate lobe. In addition, some of these hepatocytes also co-expressed delta like 1 homolog (DLK1), a hepatoblast marker, particularly in areas with a predominant presence of inflammatory cells. Overall, furan induced liver injury, leading to the appearance of SOX9-positive hepatocytes, some of which were subjected to dedifferentiation in the inflammatory microenvironment of a cholangiocarcinoma-prone lobe. Thus, the appearance of SOX9-positive hepatocytes together with GST-P-positive hepatocytes could be initial events in furan-induced hepatocarcinogenesis via non-genotoxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hibi
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Meili Soma
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Animal Health Technology, Yamazaki University of Animal Health Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Takasu
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishii
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Umemura
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Animal Health Technology, Yamazaki University of Animal Health Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Li G, Zeng M, Yan Z, Cai S, Ma Y, Wang Y, Li S, Li Y, Zhong K, Xiao M, Fu G, Weng J, Gao Y. HDAC inhibitors support long-term expansion of porcine hepatocytes in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116973. [PMID: 38908204 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. However, due to the limited supply of human hepatocytes, porcine hepatocytes have garnered attention as a potential alternative source. Nonetheless, traditional primary porcine hepatocytes exhibit certain limitations in function maintenance and in vitro proliferation. This study has discovered that by using histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), primary porcine hepatocytes can be successfully reprogrammed into liver progenitor cells with high proliferative potential. This method enables porcine hepatocytes to proliferate over an extended period in vitro and exhibit increased susceptibility in lentivirus-mediated gene modification. These liver progenitor cells can readily differentiate into mature hepatocytes and, upon microencapsulation transplantation into mice with acute liver failure, significantly improve the survival rate. This research provides new possibilities for the application of porcine hepatocytes in the treatment of end-stage liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhengming Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Shaoru Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Shao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Kebo Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Mingjia Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Quzhou People's Hospital, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou 324000, China.
| | - Gongbo Fu
- Department of Oncology, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China.
| | - Jun Weng
- Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
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3
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Shang T, Jiang T, Cui X, Pan Y, Feng X, Dong L, Wang H. Diverse functions of SOX9 in liver development and homeostasis and hepatobiliary diseases. Genes Dis 2024; 11:100996. [PMID: 38523677 PMCID: PMC10958229 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver is the central organ for digestion and detoxification and has unique metabolic and regenerative capacities. The hepatobiliary system originates from the foregut endoderm, in which cells undergo multiple events of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation to form the liver parenchyma and ductal system under the hierarchical regulation of transcription factors. Studies on liver development and diseases have revealed that SRY-related high-mobility group box 9 (SOX9) plays an important role in liver embryogenesis and the progression of hepatobiliary diseases. SOX9 is not only a master regulator of cell fate determination and tissue morphogenesis, but also regulates various biological features of cancer, including cancer stemness, invasion, and drug resistance, making SOX9 a potential biomarker for tumor prognosis and progression. This review systematically summarizes the latest findings of SOX9 in hepatobiliary development, homeostasis, and disease. We also highlight the value of SOX9 as a novel biomarker and potential target for the clinical treatment of major liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyu Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaowen Cui
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Yufei Pan
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Xiaofan Feng
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liwei Dong
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University & Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, China
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4
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Nishikawa Y. Aberrant differentiation and proliferation of hepatocytes in chronic liver injury and liver tumors. Pathol Int 2024; 74:361-378. [PMID: 38837539 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Chronic liver injury induces liver cirrhosis and facilitates hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the effects of this condition on hepatocyte proliferation and differentiation are unclear. We showed that rodent hepatocytes display a ductular phenotype when they are cultured within a collagenous matrix. This process involves transdifferentiation without the emergence of hepatoblastic features and is at least partially reversible. During the ductular reaction in chronic liver diseases with progressive fibrosis, some hepatocytes, especially those adjacent to ectopic ductules, demonstrate ductular transdifferentiation, but the majority of increased ductules originate from the existing bile ductular system that undergoes extensive remodeling. In chronic injury, hepatocyte proliferation is weak but sustained, and most regenerative nodules in liver cirrhosis are composed of clonally proliferating hepatocytes, suggesting that a small fraction of hepatocytes maintain their proliferative capacity in chronic injury. In mouse hepatocarcinogenesis models, hepatocytes activate the expression of various fetal/neonatal genes, indicating that these cells undergo dedifferentiation. Hepatocyte-specific somatic integration of various oncogenes in mice demonstrated that hepatocytes may be the cells of origin for a broad spectrum of liver tumors through transdifferentiation and dedifferentiation. In conclusion, the phenotypic plasticity and heterogeneity of mature hepatocytes are important for understanding the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases and liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nishikawa
- President's Office, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
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5
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Gribben C, Galanakis V, Calderwood A, Williams EC, Chazarra-Gil R, Larraz M, Frau C, Puengel T, Guillot A, Rouhani FJ, Mahbubani K, Godfrey E, Davies SE, Athanasiadis E, Saeb-Parsy K, Tacke F, Allison M, Mohorianu I, Vallier L. Acquisition of epithelial plasticity in human chronic liver disease. Nature 2024; 630:166-173. [PMID: 38778114 PMCID: PMC11153150 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07465-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
For many adult human organs, tissue regeneration during chronic disease remains a controversial subject. Regenerative processes are easily observed in animal models, and their underlying mechanisms are becoming well characterized1-4, but technical challenges and ethical aspects are limiting the validation of these results in humans. We decided to address this difficulty with respect to the liver. This organ displays the remarkable ability to regenerate after acute injury, although liver regeneration in the context of recurring injury remains to be fully demonstrated. Here we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) on 47 liver biopsies from patients with different stages of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease to establish a cellular map of the liver during disease progression. We then combined these single-cell-level data with advanced 3D imaging to reveal profound changes in the liver architecture. Hepatocytes lose their zonation and considerable reorganization of the biliary tree takes place. More importantly, our study uncovers transdifferentiation events that occur between hepatocytes and cholangiocytes without the presence of adult stem cells or developmental progenitor activation. Detailed analyses and functional validations using cholangiocyte organoids confirm the importance of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway in this process, thereby connecting this acquisition of plasticity to insulin signalling. Together, our data indicate that chronic injury creates an environment that induces cellular plasticity in human organs, and understanding the underlying mechanisms of this process could open new therapeutic avenues in the management of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Gribben
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Vasileios Galanakis
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Calderwood
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor C Williams
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruben Chazarra-Gil
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miguel Larraz
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carla Frau
- Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Puengel
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Edmund Godfrey
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan E Davies
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emmanouil Athanasiadis
- Greek Genome Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Medical Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Allison
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Irina Mohorianu
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
- Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Li L, He Y, Liu K, Liu L, Shan S, Liu H, Ren J, Sun S, Wang M, Jia J, Wang P. GITRL impairs hepatocyte repopulation by liver progenitor cells to aggravate inflammation and fibrosis by GITR +CD8 + T lymphocytes in CDE Mice. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:114. [PMID: 38321001 PMCID: PMC10847460 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06506-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
As an alternative pathway for liver regeneration, liver progenitor cells and their derived ductular reaction cells increase during the progression of many chronic liver diseases. However, the mechanism underlying their hepatocyte repopulation after liver injury remains unknown. Here, we conducted progenitor cell lineage tracing in mice and found that fewer than 2% of hepatocytes were derived from liver progenitor cells after 9 weeks of injury with a choline-deficient diet supplemented with ethionine (CDE), and this percentage increased approximately three-fold after 3 weeks of recovery. We also found that the proportion of liver progenitor cells double positive for the ligand of glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITRL, also called Tnfsf18) and SRY-related HMG box transcription 9 (Sox9) among nonparenchymal cells increased time-dependently upon CDE injury and reduced after recovery. When GITRL was conditionally knocked out from hepatic progenitor cells, its expression in nonparenchymal cells was downregulated by approximately fifty percent, and hepatocyte repopulation increased by approximately three folds. Simultaneously, conditional knockout of GITRL reduced the proportion of liver-infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes and glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITR)-positive CD8+ T lymphocytes. Mechanistically, GITRL stimulated cell proliferation but suppressed the differentiation of liver progenitor organoids into hepatocytes, and CD8+ T cells further reduced their hepatocyte differentiation by downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Therefore, GITRL expressed by liver progenitor cells impairs hepatocyte differentiation, thus hindering progenitor cell-mediated liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yu He
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shan Shan
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Helin Liu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiangbo Ren
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shujie Sun
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Min Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China.
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7
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Fan X, Lu P, Cui XH, Wu P, Lin WR, Zhang D, Yuan SZ, Liu B, Chen FY, You H, Wei HD, He FC, Jia JD, Jiang Y. Repopulating Kupffer cells originate directly from hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:351. [PMID: 38072929 PMCID: PMC10712046 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kupffer cells (KCs) originate from yolk-sac progenitors before birth. Throughout adulthood, they self-maintain independently from the input of circulating monocytes (MOs) at a steady state and are replenished within 2 weeks after having been depleted, but the origin of repopulating KCs in adults remains unclear. The current paradigm dictates that repopulating KCs originate from preexisting KCs or monocytes, but there remains a lack of fate-mapping evidence. METHODS We first traced the fate of preexisting KCs and that of monocytic cells with tissue-resident macrophage-specific and monocytic cell-specific fate-mapping mouse models, respectively. Secondly, we performed genetic lineage tracing to determine the type of progenitor cells involved in response to KC-depletion in mice. Finally, we traced the fate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in an HSC-specific fate-mapping mouse model, in the context of chronic liver inflammation induced by repeated carbon tetrachloride treatment. RESULTS By using fate-mapping mouse models, we found no evidence that repopulating KCs originate from preexisting KCs or MOs and found that in response to KC-depletion, HSCs proliferated in the bone marrow, mobilized into the blood, adoptively transferred into the liver and differentiated into KCs. Then, in the chronic liver inflammation context, we confirmed that repopulating KCs originated directly from HSCs. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings provided in vivo fate-mapping evidence that repopulating KCs originate directly from HSCs, which presents a completely novel understanding of the cellular origin of repopulating KCs and shedding light on the divergent roles of KCs in liver homeostasis and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center of Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Pei Lu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Cui
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center of Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wei-Ran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center of Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 10050, China
| | - Shong-Zong Yuan
- Department of Lymphoma, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Fang-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center of Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hong You
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Han-Dong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center of Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Fu-Chu He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center of Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Research Unit of Proteomics Driven Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Ji-Dong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Ying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center of Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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8
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Huang WJ, Qiu BJ, Qi XS, Chen CY, Liu WM, Zhou SA, Ding M, Lu FF, Zhao J, Tang D, Zhou X, Fu GB, Wang ZY, Ma HQ, Wu YL, Wu HP, Chen XS, Yu WF, Yan HX. CD24 +LCN2 + liver progenitor cells in ductular reaction contributed to macrophage inflammatory responses in chronic liver injury. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:184. [PMID: 37784089 PMCID: PMC10546777 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD24+CK19+/CD24+SOX9+ resident liver cells are activated and expanded after chronic liver injury in a ductular reaction. However, the sources and functions of these cells in liver damage remain disputed. RESULTS The current study combined genetic lineage tracing with in vitro small-molecule-based reprogramming to define liver progenitor cells (LPCs) derived from hepatic parenchymal and non-parenchymal tissues. tdTom+ hepatocytes were isolated from ROSA26tdTomato mice following AAV8-Tbg-Cre-mediated recombination, EpCAM+ biliary epithelial cells (BECs) from wild-type intrahepatic bile ducts and ALB/GFP-EpCAM- cells were isolated from AlbCreERT/R26GFP mice. A cocktail of small molecules was used to convert the isolated cells into LPCs. These in vitro cultured LPCs with CD24 and SOX9 expression regained the ability to proliferate. Transcriptional profiling showed that the in-vitro cultured LPCs derived from the resident LPCs in non-parenchymal tissues expressed Lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) at high levels. Accordingly, endogenous Cd24a+Lcn2+ LPCs were identified by integration of sc-RNA-sequencing and pathological datasets of liver dysfunction which indicates that LPCs produced by ductular reactions might also originate from the resident LPCs. Transplantation of in-vitro cultured Cd24a+Lcn2+ LPCs into CCl4-induced fibrotic livers exacerbated liver damage and dysfunction, possibly due to LCN2-dependent macrophage inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS CD24+LCN2+ LPCs constituted the expanding ductular reaction and contributed to macrophage-mediated inflammation in chronic liver damage. The current findings highlight the roles of LPCs from distinct origins and expose the possibility of targeting LPCs in the treatment of chronic hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Celliver Biotechnology Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Bi-Jun Qiu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University., Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Shu Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai-Yang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Wen-Ming Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Min Ding
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Feng Lu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University., Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong-Bo Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First School of Clinical Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Qian Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ling Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Ping Wu
- International Cooperation Laboratory On Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Song Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Wei-Feng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| | - He-Xin Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
- Celliver Biotechnology Inc., Shanghai, China.
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Lotto J, Stephan TL, Hoodless PA. Fetal liver development and implications for liver disease pathogenesis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:561-581. [PMID: 37208503 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic, digestive and homeostatic roles of the liver are dependent on proper crosstalk and organization of hepatic cell lineages. These hepatic cell lineages are derived from their respective progenitors early in organogenesis in a spatiotemporally controlled manner, contributing to the liver's specialized and diverse microarchitecture. Advances in genomics, lineage tracing and microscopy have led to seminal discoveries in the past decade that have elucidated liver cell lineage hierarchies. In particular, single-cell genomics has enabled researchers to explore diversity within the liver, especially early in development when the application of bulk genomics was previously constrained due to the organ's small scale, resulting in low cell numbers. These discoveries have substantially advanced our understanding of cell differentiation trajectories, cell fate decisions, cell lineage plasticity and the signalling microenvironment underlying the formation of the liver. In addition, they have provided insights into the pathogenesis of liver disease and cancer, in which developmental processes participate in disease emergence and regeneration. Future work will focus on the translation of this knowledge to optimize in vitro models of liver development and fine-tune regenerative medicine strategies to treat liver disease. In this Review, we discuss the emergence of hepatic parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, advances that have been made in in vitro modelling of liver development and draw parallels between developmental and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Lotto
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tabea L Stephan
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pamela A Hoodless
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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10
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Hora S, Wuestefeld T. Liver Injury and Regeneration: Current Understanding, New Approaches, and Future Perspectives. Cells 2023; 12:2129. [PMID: 37681858 PMCID: PMC10486351 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a complex organ with the ability to regenerate itself in response to injury. However, several factors can contribute to liver damage beyond repair. Liver injury can be caused by viral infections, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and drug-induced liver injury. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in liver injury and regeneration is critical to developing effective therapies for liver diseases. Liver regeneration is a complex process that involves the interplay of various signaling pathways, cell types, and extracellular matrix components. The activation of quiescent hepatocytes that proliferate and restore the liver mass by upregulating genes involved in cell-cycle progression, DNA repair, and mitochondrial function; the proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells, also known as oval cells, into hepatocytes that contribute to liver regeneration; and the recruitment of immune cells to release cytokines and angiogenic factors that promote or inhibit cell proliferation are some examples of the regenerative processes. Recent advances in the fields of gene editing, tissue engineering, stem cell differentiation, small interfering RNA-based therapies, and single-cell transcriptomics have paved a roadmap for future research into liver regeneration as well as for the identification of previously unknown cell types and gene expression patterns. In summary, liver injury and regeneration is a complex and dynamic process. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving this phenomenon could lead to the development of new therapies for liver diseases and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shainan Hora
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore;
| | - Torsten Wuestefeld
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore;
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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11
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Chen F, Schönberger K, Tchorz JS. Distinct hepatocyte identities in liver homeostasis and regeneration. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100779. [PMID: 37456678 PMCID: PMC10339260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of metabolic liver zonation is spontaneously established by assigning distributed tasks to hepatocytes along the porto-central blood flow. Hepatocytes fulfil critical metabolic functions, while also maintaining hepatocyte mass by replication when needed. Recent technological advances have enabled us to fine-tune our understanding of hepatocyte identity during homeostasis and regeneration. Subsets of hepatocytes have been identified to be more regenerative and some have even been proposed to function like stem cells, challenging the long-standing view that all hepatocytes are similarly capable of regeneration. The latest data show that hepatocyte renewal during homeostasis and regeneration after liver injury is not limited to rare hepatocytes; however, hepatocytes are not exactly the same. Herein, we review the known differences that give individual hepatocytes distinct identities, recent findings demonstrating how these distinct identities correspond to differences in hepatocyte regenerative capacity, and how the plasticity of hepatocyte identity allows for division of labour among hepatocytes. We further discuss how these distinct hepatocyte identities may play a role during liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Jan S. Tchorz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Barkin JM, Jin-Smith B, Torok K, Pi L. Significance of CCNs in liver regeneration. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00762-x. [PMID: 37202628 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver has an inherent regenerative capacity via hepatocyte proliferation after mild-to-modest damage. When hepatocytes exhaust their replicative ability during chronic or severe liver damage, liver progenitor cells (LPC), also termed oval cells (OC) in rodents, are activated in the form of ductular reaction (DR) as an alternative pathway. LPC is often intimately associated with hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation to promote liver fibrosis. The Cyr61/CTGF/Nov (CCN) protein family consists of six extracellular signaling modulators (CCN1-CCN6) with affinity to a repertoire of receptors, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins. Through these interactions, CCN proteins organize microenvironments and modulate cell signalings in a diverse variety of physiopathological processes. In particular, their binding to subtypes of integrin (αvβ5, αvβ3, α6β1, αvβ6, etc.) influences the motility and mobility of macrophages, hepatocytes, HSC, and LPC/OC during liver injury. This paper summarizes the current understanding of the significance of CCN genes in liver regeneration in relation to hepatocyte-driven or LPC/OC-mediated pathways. Publicly available datasets were also searched to compare dynamic levels of CCNs in developing and regenerating livers. These insights not only add to our understanding of the regenerative capability of the liver but also provide potential targets for the pharmacological management of liver repair in the clinical setting. Ccns in liver regeneration Restoring damaged or lost tissues requires robust cell growth and dynamic matrix remodeling. Ccns are matricellular proteins highly capable of influencing cell state and matrix production. Current studies have identified Ccns as active players in liver regeneration. Cell types, modes of action, and mechanisms of Ccn induction may vary depending on liver injuries. Hepatocyte proliferation is a default pathway for liver regeneration following mild-to-modest damages, working in parallel with the transient activation of stromal cells, such as macrophages and hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Liver progenitor cells (LPC), also termed oval cells (OC) in rodents, are activated in the form of ductular reaction (DR) and are associated with sustained fibrosis when hepatocytes lose their proliferative ability in severe or chronic liver damage. Ccns may facilitate both hepatocyte regeneration and LPC/OC repair via various mediators (growth factors, matrix proteins, integrins, etc.) for cell-specific and context-dependent functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Barkin
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Brady Jin-Smith
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kendle Torok
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Liya Pi
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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13
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Xu YN, Xu W, Zhang X, Wang DY, Zheng XR, Liu W, Chen JM, Chen GF, Liu CH, Liu P, Mu YP. BM-MSCs overexpressing the Numb enhance the therapeutic effect on cholestatic liver fibrosis by inhibiting the ductular reaction. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:45. [PMID: 36941658 PMCID: PMC10029310 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03276-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestatic liver fibrosis (CLF) is caused by inflammatory destruction of the intrahepatic bile duct and abnormal proliferation of the small bile duct after cholestasis. Activation of the Notch signaling pathway is required for hepatic stem cells to differentiate into cholangiocytes during the pathogenesis of CLF. Our previous research found that the expression of the Numb protein, a negative regulator of Notch signaling, was significantly reduced in the livers of patients with primary biliary cholangitis and CLF rats. However, the relationship between the Numb gene and CLF is largely unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of the Numb gene in the treatment of bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced CLF. METHODS In vivo, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) with Numb gene overexpression or knockdown obtained using lentivirus transfection were transplanted into the livers of rats with BDL-induced CLF. The effects of the Numb gene on stem cell differentiation and CLF were evaluated by performing histology, tests of liver function, and measurements of liver hydroxyproline, cytokine gene and protein levels. In vitro, the Numb gene was overexpressed or knocked down in the WB-F344 cell line by lentivirus transfection, Then, cells were subjected immunofluorescence staining and the detection of mRNA levels of related factors, which provided further evidence supporting the results from in vivo experiments. RESULTS BM-MSCs overexpressing the Numb gene differentiated into hepatocytes, thereby inhibiting CLF progression. Conversely, BM-MSCs with Numb knockdown differentiated into biliary epithelial cells (BECs), thereby promoting the ductular reaction (DR) and the progression of CLF. In addition, we confirmed that knockdown of Numb in sodium butyrate-treated WB-F344 cells aggravated WB-F344 cell differentiation into BECs, while overexpression of Numb inhibited this process. CONCLUSIONS The transplantation of BM-MSCs overexpressing Numb may be a useful new treatment strategy for CLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Nan Xu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dan-Yang Wang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xin-Rui Zheng
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jia-Mei Chen
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Gao-Feng Chen
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cheng-Hai Liu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yong-Ping Mu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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14
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Li L, Cui L, Lin P, Liu Z, Bao S, Ma X, Nan H, Zhu W, Cen J, Mao Y, Ma X, Jiang L, Nie Y, Ginhoux F, Li Y, Li H, Hui L. Kupffer-cell-derived IL-6 is repurposed for hepatocyte dedifferentiation via activating progenitor genes from injury-specific enhancers. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:283-299.e9. [PMID: 36787740 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-independent reprogramming of differentiated cells has recently been identified as an important paradigm for repairing injured tissues. Following periportal injury, mature hepatocytes re-activate reprogramming/progenitor-related genes (RRGs) and dedifferentiate into liver progenitor-like cells (LPLCs) in both mice and humans, which contribute remarkably to regeneration. However, it remains unknown which and how external factors trigger hepatocyte reprogramming. Here, by employing single-cell transcriptional profiling and lineage-specific deletion tools, we uncovered that periportal-specific LPLC formation was initiated by regionally activated Kupffer cells but not peripheral monocyte-derived macrophages. Unexpectedly, using in vivo screening, the proinflammatory factor IL-6 was identified as the niche signal repurposed for RRG induction via STAT3 activation, which drove RRG expression through binding to their pre-accessible enhancers. Notably, RRGs were activated through injury-specific rather than liver embryogenesis-related enhancers. Collectively, these findings depict an injury-specific niche signal and the inflammation-mediated transcription in driving the conversion of hepatocytes into a progenitor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ping Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shujie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Haitao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wencheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jin Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yunuo Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), College of Life Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Lingyong Jiang
- Department of Oral & Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Translational Immunology Institute, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Yixue Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510320, China.
| | - Hong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Lijian Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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15
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Yan ZJ, Chen L, Wang HY. To be or not to be: The double-edged sword roles of liver progenitor cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188870. [PMID: 36842766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Given the liver's remarkable and unique regenerative capacity, researchers have long focused on liver progenitor cells (LPCs) and liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs). LPCs can differentiate into both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. However, the mechanism underlying cell conversion and its distinct contribution to liver homeostasis and tumorigenesis remain unclear. In this review, we discuss the complicated conversions involving LPCs and LCSCs. As the critical intermediate state in malignant transformation, LPCs play double-edged sword roles. LPCs are not only involved in hepatic wound-healing responses by supplementing liver cells and bile duct cells in the damaged liver but may transform into LCSCs under dysregulation of key signaling pathways, resulting in refractory malignant liver tumors. Because LPC lineages are temporally and spatially dynamic, we discuss crucial LPC subgroups and summarize regulatory factors correlating with the trajectories of LPCs and LCSCs in the liver tumor microenvironment. This review elaborates on the double-edged sword roles of LPCs to help understand the liver's regenerative potential and tumor heterogeneity. Understanding the sources and transformations of LPCs is essential in determining how to exploit their regenerative capacity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jun Yan
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology (EHBH), Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology (EHBH), Shanghai 200438, PR China.
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology (EHBH), Shanghai 200438, PR China.
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16
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Rigual MDM, Sánchez Sánchez P, Djouder N. Is liver regeneration key in hepatocellular carcinoma development? Trends Cancer 2023; 9:140-157. [PMID: 36347768 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the largest organ of the mammalian body and has the remarkable ability to fully regenerate in order to maintain tissue homeostasis. The adult liver consists of hexagonal lobules, each with a central vein surrounded by six portal triads localized in the lobule border containing distinct parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells. Because the liver is continuously exposed to diverse stress signals, several sophisticated regenerative processes exist to restore its functional status following impairment. However, these stress signals can affect the liver's capacity to regenerate and may lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most aggressive liver cancers. Here, we review the mechanisms of hepatic regeneration and their potential to influence HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Mar Rigual
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid, ES-28029, Spain
| | - Paula Sánchez Sánchez
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid, ES-28029, Spain
| | - Nabil Djouder
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid, ES-28029, Spain.
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17
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Huang R, Zhang X, Gracia-Sancho J, Xie WF. Liver regeneration: Cellular origin and molecular mechanisms. Liver Int 2022; 42:1486-1495. [PMID: 35107210 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The liver is known as an organ with high proliferation potential. Clarifying the cellular origin and deepening the understanding of liver regeneration mechanisms will help provide new directions for the treatment of liver disease. With the development and application of lineage tracing technology, the specific distribution and dynamic changes of hepatocyte subpopulations in homeostasis and liver injury have been illustrated. Self-replication of hepatocytes is responsible for the maintenance of liver function and mass under homeostasis. The compensatory proliferation of remaining hepatocytes is the main mechanism of liver regeneration following acute and chronic liver injury. Transdifferentiation between hepatocytes and cholangiocytes has been recognized upon severe chronic liver injury. Wnt/β-catenin, Hippo/YAP and Notch signalling play essential roles in the maintenance of homeostatic liver and hepatocyte-to-cholangiocyte conversion under liver injury. In this review, we summarized the recent studies on cell origin of newly generated hepatocytes and the underlying mechanisms of liver regeneration in homeostasis and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wei-Fen Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Wang J, Zhang L, Shi Q, Yang B, He Q, Wang J, Weng Q. Targeting innate immune responses to attenuate acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115142. [PMID: 35700755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity is an important cause of acute liver failure, resulting in massive deaths in many developed countries. Currently, the metabolic process of APAP in the body has been well studied. However, the underlying mechanism of APAP-induced liver injury remains elusive. Increasing clinical and experimental evidences indicate that the innate immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of APAP-induced acute liver injury (AILI), in which immune cells have dual roles of inducing inflammation to exacerbate hepatotoxicity and removing dead cells and debris to help liver regeneration. In this review, we summarize the latest findings of innate immune cells involved in AILI, particularly emphasizing the activation of innate immune cells and their different roles during the injury and repair phases. Moreover, current available treatments are discussed according to the different roles of innate immune cells in the development of AILI. This review aims to update the knowledge about innate immune responses in the pathogenesis of AILI, and provide potential therapeutic interventions for AILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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19
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He Q, Cui L, Yuan X, Wang M, Hui L. Cell identity conversion in liver regeneration after injury. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 75:101921. [PMID: 35644120 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cell identity conversion in liver injury is the process that mature cells, specifically hepatocytes or cholangiocytes, convert into cells with other identities, which is found to play a pivotal role in liver regeneration. A better characterization of cell identity conversion will not only facilitate the understanding of liver tissue repair but also the development of novel regenerative therapies. In this review, we discuss the latest advances in cell identity conversion during liver regeneration, including conversions between hepatocytes and cholangiocytes and hepatocyte reprogramming to liver progenitor-like cells. To develop a unified description of cellular states in injury-related liver regeneration, we further propose the quantitative approach to explore cell identity conversion based on the Waddington's landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lijian Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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20
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Xu J, Hao S, Shi Q, Deng Q, Jiang Y, Guo P, Yuan Y, Shi X, Shangguan S, Zheng H, Lai G, Huang Y, Wang Y, Song Y, Liu Y, Wu L, Wang Z, Cheng J, Wei X, Cheng M, Lai Y, Volpe G, Esteban MA, Hou Y, Liu C, Liu L. Transcriptomic Profile of the Mouse Postnatal Liver Development by Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:833392. [PMID: 35465320 PMCID: PMC9019599 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.833392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshan Xu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shijie Hao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Quan Shi
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qiuting Deng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuyang Shi
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuncheng Shangguan
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Zheng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangyao Lai
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Liang Wu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Jiehui Cheng
- Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | | | - Mengnan Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiwei Lai
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Giacomo Volpe
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori‘Giovanni Paolo II’, Bari, Italy
| | - Miguel A. Esteban
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Longqi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Holczbauer Á, Wangensteen KJ, Shin S. Cellular origins of regenerating liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100416. [PMID: 35243280 PMCID: PMC8873941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant primary cancer arising from the liver and is one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The cellular origin of HCC has been a topic of great interest due to conflicting findings regarding whether it originates in hepatocytes, biliary cells, or facultative stem cells. These cell types all undergo changes during liver injury, and there is controversy about their contribution to regenerative responses in the liver. Most HCCs emerge in the setting of chronic liver injury from viral hepatitis, fatty liver disease, alcohol, and environmental exposures. The injuries are marked by liver parenchymal changes such as hepatocyte regenerative nodules, biliary duct cellular changes, expansion of myofibroblasts that cause fibrosis and cirrhosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration, all of which may contribute to carcinogenesis. Addressing the cellular origin of HCC is the key to identifying the earliest events that trigger it. Herein, we review data on the cells of origin in regenerating liver and HCC and the implications of these findings for prevention and treatment. We also review the origins of childhood liver cancer and other rare cancers of the liver.
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22
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Hallett JM, Ferreira-Gonzalez S, Man TY, Kilpatrick AM, Esser H, Thirlwell K, Macmillan MT, Rodrigo-Torres D, Dwyer BJ, Gadd VL, Ashmore-Harris C, Lu WY, Thomson JP, Jansen MA, O'Duibhir E, Starkey Lewis PJ, Campana L, Aird RE, Bate TSR, Fraser AR, Campbell JDM, Oniscu GC, Hay DC, Callanan A, Forbes SJ. Human biliary epithelial cells from discarded donor livers rescue bile duct structure and function in a mouse model of biliary disease. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:355-371.e10. [PMID: 35245467 PMCID: PMC8900617 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biliary diseases can cause inflammation, fibrosis, bile duct destruction, and eventually liver failure. There are no curative treatments for biliary disease except for liver transplantation. New therapies are urgently required. We have therefore purified human biliary epithelial cells (hBECs) from human livers that were not used for liver transplantation. hBECs were tested as a cell therapy in a mouse model of biliary disease in which the conditional deletion of Mdm2 in cholangiocytes causes senescence, biliary strictures, and fibrosis. hBECs are expandable and phenotypically stable and help restore biliary structure and function, highlighting their regenerative capacity and a potential alternative to liver transplantation for biliary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Hallett
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sofia Ferreira-Gonzalez
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Tak Yung Man
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Alastair M Kilpatrick
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Hannah Esser
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Kayleigh Thirlwell
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics Scottish National Blood and Transfusion Service (SNBTS), Research Avenue North, Edinburgh EH14 4BE, UK
| | - Mark T Macmillan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Daniel Rodrigo-Torres
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Benjamin J Dwyer
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Kent St., Bentley, Perth 6102, Australia
| | - Victoria L Gadd
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Candice Ashmore-Harris
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Wei-Yu Lu
- Centre for Inflammation Research (CIR), University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - John P Thomson
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Maurits A Jansen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Eoghan O'Duibhir
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Philip J Starkey Lewis
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Lara Campana
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Rhona E Aird
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Thomas S R Bate
- Institute or Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Faraday Building Colin Maclaurin Road, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Alasdair R Fraser
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics Scottish National Blood and Transfusion Service (SNBTS), Research Avenue North, Edinburgh EH14 4BE, UK
| | - John D M Campbell
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics Scottish National Blood and Transfusion Service (SNBTS), Research Avenue North, Edinburgh EH14 4BE, UK
| | - Gabriel C Oniscu
- Edinburgh Transplant Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK; University of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - David C Hay
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Anthony Callanan
- Institute or Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Faraday Building Colin Maclaurin Road, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
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23
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Shao C, Jing Y, Zhao S, Yang X, Hu Y, Meng Y, Huang Y, Ye F, Gao L, Liu W, Sheng D, Li R, Zhang X, Wei L. LPS/Bcl3/YAP1 signaling promotes Sox9+HNF4α+ hepatocyte-mediated liver regeneration after hepatectomy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:277. [PMID: 35351855 PMCID: PMC8964805 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRecent reports have demonstrated that Sox9+HNF4α+ hepatocytes are involved in liver regeneration after chronic liver injury; however, little is known about the origin of Sox9+HNF4α+ hepatocytes and the regulatory mechanism. Employing a combination of chimeric lineage tracing, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrate that Sox9+HNF4α+ hepatocytes, generated by transition from mature hepatocytes, play an important role in the initial phase after partial hepatectomy (PHx). Additionally, knocking down the expression of Sox9 suppresses hepatocyte proliferation and blocks the recovery of lost hepatic tissue. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that Bcl3, activated by LPS, promotes hepatocyte conversion and liver regeneration. Mechanistically, Bcl3 forms a complex with and deubiquitinates YAP1 and further induces YAP1 to translocate into the nucleus, resulting in Sox9 upregulation and mature hepatocyte conversion. We demonstrate that Bcl3 promotes Sox9+HNF4α+ hepatocytes to participate in liver regeneration, and might therefore be a potential target for enhancing regeneration after liver injury.
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24
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Coll M, Ariño S, Mártinez-Sánchez C, Garcia-Pras E, Gallego J, Moles A, Aguilar-Bravo B, Blaya D, Vallverdú J, Rubio-Tomás T, Lozano JJ, Pose E, Graupera I, Fernández-Vidal A, Pol A, Bataller R, Geng JG, Ginès P, Fernandez M, Sancho-Bru P. Ductular reaction promotes intrahepatic angiogenesis through Slit2-Roundabout 1 signaling. Hepatology 2022; 75:353-368. [PMID: 34490644 PMCID: PMC8766889 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ductular reaction (DR) expands in chronic liver diseases and correlates with disease severity. Besides its potential role in liver regeneration, DR plays a role in the wound-healing response of the liver, promoting periductular fibrosis and inflammatory cell recruitment. However, there is no information regarding its role in intrahepatic angiogenesis. In the current study we investigated the potential contribution of DR cells to hepatic vascular remodeling during chronic liver disease. APPROACH AND RESULTS In mouse models of liver injury, DR cells express genes involved in angiogenesis. Among angiogenesis-related genes, the expression of Slit2 and its receptor Roundabout 1 (Robo1) was localized in DR cells and neoangiogenic vessels, respectively. The angiogenic role of the Slit2-Robo1 pathway in chronic liver disease was confirmed in ROBO1/2-/+ mice treated with 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine, which displayed reduced intrahepatic neovascular density compared to wild-type mice. However, ROBO1/2 deficiency did not affect angiogenesis in partial hepatectomy. In patients with advanced alcohol-associated disease, angiogenesis was associated with DR, and up-regulation of SLIT2-ROBO1 correlated with DR and disease severity. In vitro, human liver-derived organoids produced SLIT2 and induced tube formation of endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data indicate that DR expansion promotes angiogenesis through the Slit2-Robo1 pathway and recognize DR cells as key players in the liver wound-healing response.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Vessels/metabolism
- Chronic Disease
- Disease Progression
- Gene Expression
- Gene Ontology
- Hepatitis, Alcoholic/pathology
- Hepatitis, Alcoholic/physiopathology
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/physiopathology
- Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/genetics
- Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/metabolism
- Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/pathology
- Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/physiopathology
- Mice
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Organoids
- Patient Acuity
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Stem Cells
- Up-Regulation
- Vascular Remodeling
- Wound Healing
- Roundabout Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Coll
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Silvia Ariño
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Celia Mártinez-Sánchez
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ester Garcia-Pras
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Javier Gallego
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Moles
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Aguilar-Bravo
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Delia Blaya
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Julia Vallverdú
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Teresa Rubio-Tomás
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elisa Pose
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isabel Graupera
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Andrea Fernández-Vidal
- Cell compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Pol
- Cell compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ramón Bataller
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jian-Guo Geng
- Department of Biologic and Material Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pere Ginès
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Fernandez
- Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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25
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Pu W, Zhou B. Hepatocyte generation in liver homeostasis, repair, and regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 11:2. [PMID: 34989894 PMCID: PMC8739411 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The liver has remarkable capability to regenerate, employing mechanism to ensure the stable liver-to-bodyweight ratio for body homeostasis. The source of this regenerative capacity has received great attention over the past decade yet still remained controversial currently. Deciphering the sources for hepatocytes provides the basis for understanding tissue regeneration and repair, and also illustrates new potential therapeutic targets for treating liver diseases. In this review, we describe recent advances in genetic lineage tracing studies over liver stem cells, hepatocyte proliferation, and cell lineage conversions or cellular reprogramming. This review will also evaluate the technical strengths and limitations of methods used for studies on hepatocyte generation and cell fate plasticity in liver homeostasis, repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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26
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Sato Y, Yoneda A, Shimizu F, Nishimura M, Shimoyama R, Tashiro Y, Kurata W, Niitsu Y. Resolution of fibrosis by siRNA HSP47 in vitamin A-coupled liposomes induces regeneration of chronically injured livers. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:3418-3428. [PMID: 34151462 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM In chronic hepatic diseases where treatment strategies are not available, deposited fibrotic tissues deteriorate the intrinsic regeneration capacity of the liver by creating special restrictions. Thus, if the anti-fibrosis modality is efficiently applied, the regeneration capacity of the liver should be reactivated even in such refractory hepatic diseases. METHODS Rat liver fibrosis was induced by dimethyl-nitrosamine (DMN). Another liver fibrosis model was established in CCl4 treated Sox9CreERT2ROSA26: YFP mice. To resolve hepatic fibrosis, vitamin A-coupled liposomes containing siRNA HSP47 (VA-liposome siHSP47) were employed. EpCAM + hepatic progenitor cells from GFP rats were transplanted to DMN rat liver to examine their trans-differentiation into hepatic cells after resolution of liver fibrosis. RESULTS Even under continuous exposure to such strong hepatotoxin as DMN, rats undergoing VA-liposome siHSP47 treatment showed an increment of DNA synthesis of hepatocytes with the concomitant restoration of impaired liver weight and normalization of albumin levels. These results were consistent with the observation that GFP + EpCAM hepatic progenitor cells transplanted to DMN rat liver, trans-differentiated into GFP + mature hepatic cells after VA-liposome siHSP47 treatment. Another rodent model also proved regeneration potential of the fibrotic liver in CCl4 administered Sox9CreERT2ROSA26: YFP mice, VA-liposome siHSP47 treatment-induced restoration of liver weight and trans-differentiation of YEP + Sox9 + cells into YFP + hepatic cells, although because of relatively mild hepatotoxicity of CCl4, undamaged hepatocytes also proliferated. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that regeneration of chronically damaged liver indeed occurs after anti-fibrosis treatment even under continuous exposure to hepatotoxin, which promises a significant benefit of the anti-fibrosis therapy for refractory liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Sato
- Department of Community Medicine for Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoneda
- Department of Molecular Target Exploration, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Center for Food and Medical Innovation, Institute for the Business-Regional Collaboration, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Target Exploration, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nishimura
- Department of Molecular Target Exploration, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rai Shimoyama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Tashiro
- Oncology Section, Center of Advanced Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Wataru Kurata
- Oncology Section, Center of Advanced Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Niitsu
- Department of Molecular Target Exploration, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.,Oncology Section, Center of Advanced Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
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27
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Li B, Wang Y, Pelz C, Moss J, Shemer R, Dor Y, Akkari YK, Canady PS, Naugler WE, Orloff S, Grompe M. In vitro expansion of cirrhosis derived liver epithelial cells with defined small molecules. Stem Cell Res 2021; 56:102523. [PMID: 34601385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mature hepatocytes have limited expansion capability in culture and rapidly loose key functions. Recently however, tissue culture conditions have been developed that permit rodent hepatocytes to proliferate and transform into progenitor-like cells with ductal characteristics in vitro. Analogous cells expressing both hepatic and duct markers can be found in human cirrhotic liver in vivo and may represent an expandable population. METHODS An in vitro culture system to expand epithelial cells from human end stage liver disease organs was developed by inhibiting the canonical TGF-β, Hedgehog and BMP pathways. RESULTS Human cirrhotic liver epithelial cells became highly proliferative in vitro. Both gene expression and DNA methylation site analyses revealed that cirrhosis derived epithelial liver cells were intermediate between normal hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Mouse hepatocytes could be expanded under the same conditions and retained the ability to re-differentiate into hepatocytes upon transplantation. In contrast, human cirrhotic liver derived cells had only low re-differentiation capacity. CONCLUSIONS Epithelial cells of intermediate ductal-hepatocytic phenotype can be isolated from human cirrhotic livers and expanded in vitro. Unlike their murine counterparts they have limited liver repopulation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Carl Pelz
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Josh Moss
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Israel
| | - Ruth Shemer
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Israel
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Israel
| | - Yassmine K Akkari
- Cytogenetics Services and Molecular Pathology, Legacy Health, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Pamela S Canady
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Willscott E Naugler
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, USA; School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Susan Orloff
- School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Markus Grompe
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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28
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Peng WC, Kraaier LJ, Kluiver TA. Hepatocyte organoids and cell transplantation: What the future holds. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1512-1528. [PMID: 34663941 PMCID: PMC8568948 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, primary hepatocytes have been difficult to expand or maintain in vitro. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in establishing hepatocyte organoids and their potential applications in regenerative medicine. First, we provide a background on the renewal of hepatocytes in the homeostatic as well as the injured liver. Next, we describe strategies for establishing primary hepatocyte organoids derived from either adult or fetal liver based on insights from signaling pathways regulating hepatocyte renewal in vivo. The characteristics of these organoids will be described herein. Notably, hepatocyte organoids can adopt either a proliferative or a metabolic state, depending on the culture conditions. Furthermore, the metabolic gene expression profile can be modulated based on the principles that govern liver zonation. Finally, we discuss the suitability of cell replacement therapy to treat different types of liver diseases and the current state of cell transplantation of in vitro-expanded hepatocytes in mouse models. In addition, we provide insights into how the regenerative microenvironment in the injured host liver may facilitate donor hepatocyte repopulation. In summary, transplantation of in vitro-expanded hepatocytes holds great potential for large-scale clinical application to treat liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng Chuan Peng
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lianne J Kraaier
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas A Kluiver
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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29
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Lopez-Ichikawa M, Vu NK, Nijagal A, Rubinsky B, Chang TT. Neutrophils are important for the development of pro-reparative macrophages after irreversible electroporation of the liver in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14986. [PMID: 34294763 PMCID: PMC8298444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal tissue ablative technology that has emerging applications in surgical oncology and regenerative surgery. To advance its therapeutic usefulness, it is important to understand the mechanisms through which IRE induces cell death and the role of the innate immune system in mediating subsequent regenerative repair. Through intravital imaging of the liver in mice, we show that IRE produces distinctive tissue injury features, including delayed yet robust recruitment of neutrophils, consistent with programmed necrosis. IRE treatment converts the monocyte/macrophage balance from pro-inflammatory to pro-reparative populations, and depletion of neutrophils inhibits this conversion. Reduced generation of pro-reparative Ly6CloF4/80hi macrophages correlates with lower numbers of SOX9+ hepatic progenitor cells in areas of macrophage clusters within the IRE injury zone. Our findings suggest that neutrophils play an important role in promoting the development of pro-reparative Ly6Clo monocytes/macrophages at the site of IRE injury, thus establishing conditions of regenerative repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Lopez-Ichikawa
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ngan K Vu
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Amar Nijagal
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 6124 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Tammy T Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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30
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Dual recombinases-based genetic lineage tracing for stem cell research with enhanced precision. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:2060-2072. [PMID: 33847909 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell research has become a hot topic in biology, as the understanding of stem cell biology can provide new insights for both regenerative medicine and clinical treatment of diseases. Accurately deciphering the fate of stem cells is the basis for understanding the mechanism and function of stem cells during tissue repair and regeneration. Cre-loxP-mediated recombination has been widely applied in fate mapping of stem cells for many years. However, nonspecific labeling by conventional cell lineage tracing strategies has led to discrepancies or even controversies in multiple fields. Recently, dual recombinase-mediated lineage tracing strategies have been developed to improve both the resolution and precision of stem cell fate mapping. These new genetic strategies also expand the application of lineage tracing in studying cell origin and fate. Here, we review cell lineage tracing methods, especially dual genetic approaches, and then provide examples to describe how they are used to study stem cell fate plasticity and function in vivo.
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31
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Zhang W, Chen J, Ni R, Yang Q, Luo L, He J. Contributions of biliary epithelial cells to hepatocyte homeostasis and regeneration in zebrafish. iScience 2021; 24:102142. [PMID: 33665561 PMCID: PMC7900353 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether transdifferentiation of the biliary epithelial cells (BECs) to hepatocytes occurs under physiological conditions and contributes to liver homeostasis remains under long-term debate. Similar questions have been raised under pathological circumstances if a fibrotic liver is suffered from severe injuries. To address these questions in zebrafish, we established a sensitive lineage tracing system specific for the detection of BEC-derived hepatocytes. The BEC-to-hepatocyte transdifferentiation occurred and became minor contributors to hepatocyte homeostasis in a portion of adult individuals. The BEC-derived hepatocytes distributed in clusters in the liver. When a fibrotic liver underwent extreme hepatocyte damages, BEC-to-hepatocyte transdifferentiation acted as the major origin of regenerating hepatocytes. In contrast, partial hepatectomy failed to induce the BEC-to-hepatocyte conversion. In conclusion, based on a sensitive lineage tracing system, our results suggest that BECs are able to transdifferentiate into hepatocytes and contribute to both physiological hepatocyte homeostasis and pathological regeneration. Developed sensitivity system to trace BECs derived hepatocytes in liver homeostasis BECs convert to hepatocytes in liver homeostasis but are individually heterogeneous BECs are the primary regeneration sources in the extreme injury of the fibrotic liver BECs fail to contribute to new hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Jingying Chen
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chongqing), Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beibei, 400714 Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Ni
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Qifen Yang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Jianbo He
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing, China
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32
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Wei Y, Wang YG, Jia Y, Li L, Yoon J, Zhang S, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Sharma T, Lin YH, Hsieh MH, Albrecht JH, Le PT, Rosen CJ, Wang T, Zhu H. Liver homeostasis is maintained by midlobular zone 2 hepatocytes. Science 2021; 371:371/6532/eabb1625. [PMID: 33632817 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The liver is organized into zones in which hepatocytes express different metabolic enzymes. The cells most responsible for liver repopulation and regeneration remain undefined, because fate mapping has only been performed on a few hepatocyte subsets. Here, 14 murine fate-mapping strains were used to systematically compare distinct subsets of hepatocytes. During homeostasis, cells from both periportal zone 1 and pericentral zone 3 contracted in number, whereas cells from midlobular zone 2 expanded in number. Cells within zone 2, which are sheltered from common injuries, also contributed to regeneration after pericentral and periportal injuries. Repopulation from zone 2 was driven by the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2-mechanistic target of rapamycin-cyclin D1 (IGFBP2-mTOR-CCND1) axis. Therefore, different regions of the lobule exhibit differences in their contribution to hepatocyte turnover, and zone 2 is an important source of new hepatocytes during homeostasis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglong Wei
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yunguan G Wang
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yuemeng Jia
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jung Yoon
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zixi Wang
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Children's Research Institute Mouse Genome Engineering Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Min Zhu
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tripti Sharma
- Children's Research Institute Mouse Genome Engineering Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Meng-Hsiung Hsieh
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Albrecht
- Gastroenterology Division, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Phuong T Le
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. .,Children's Research Institute Mouse Genome Engineering Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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33
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Raza S, Jokl E, Pritchett J, Martin K, Su K, Simpson K, Birchall L, Mullan AF, Athwal VS, Doherty DT, Zeef L, Henderson NC, Kalra PA, Hanley NA, Piper Hanley K. SOX9 is required for kidney fibrosis and activates NAV3 to drive renal myofibroblast function. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/672/eabb4282. [PMID: 33653921 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abb4282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common end point for kidney injury and many chronic kidney diseases. Fibrogenesis depends on the sustained activation of myofibroblasts, which deposit the extracellular matrix that causes progressive scarring and organ failure. Here, we showed that the transcription factor SOX9 was associated with kidney fibrosis in humans and required for experimentally induced kidney fibrosis in mice. From genome-wide analysis, we identified Neuron navigator 3 (NAV3) as acting downstream of SOX9 in kidney fibrosis. NAV3 increased in abundance and colocalized with SOX9 after renal injury in mice, and both SOX9 and NAV3 were present in diseased human kidneys. In an in vitro model of renal pericyte transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts, we demonstrated that NAV3 was required for multiple aspects of fibrogenesis, including actin polymerization linked to cell migration and sustained activation of the mechanosensitive transcription factor YAP1. In summary, our work identifies a SOX9-NAV3-YAP1 axis involved in the progression of kidney fibrosis and points to NAV3 as a potential target for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyid Raza
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Elliot Jokl
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - James Pritchett
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Katherine Martin
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Kim Su
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Kara Simpson
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Lindsay Birchall
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Aoibheann F Mullan
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Varinder S Athwal
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.,Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Daniel T Doherty
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Leo Zeef
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil C Henderson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philip A Kalra
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford, UK
| | - Neil A Hanley
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.,Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Karen Piper Hanley
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. .,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
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Maladaptive regeneration - the reawakening of developmental pathways in NASH and fibrosis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:131-142. [PMID: 33051603 PMCID: PMC7854502 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid expansion of the obesity epidemic, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is now the most common chronic liver disease, with almost 25% global prevalence. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ranges in severity from simple steatosis, a benign 'pre-disease' state, to the liver injury and inflammation that characterize nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which in turn predisposes individuals to liver fibrosis. Fibrosis is the major determinant of clinical outcomes in patients with NASH and is associated with increased risks of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NASH has no approved therapies, and liver fibrosis shows poor response to existing pharmacotherapy, in part due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Patient and mouse data have shown that NASH is associated with the activation of developmental pathways: Notch, Hedgehog and Hippo-YAP-TAZ. Although these evolutionarily conserved fundamental signals are known to determine liver morphogenesis during development, new data have shown a coordinated and causal role for these pathways in the liver injury response, which becomes maladaptive during obesity-associated chronic liver disease. In this Review, we discuss the aetiology of this reactivation of developmental pathways and review the cell-autonomous and cell-non-autonomous mechanisms by which developmental pathways influence disease progression. Finally, we discuss the potential prognostic and therapeutic implications of these data for NASH and liver fibrosis.
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35
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Gao C, Peng J. All routes lead to Rome: multifaceted origin of hepatocytes during liver regeneration. CELL REGENERATION 2021; 10:2. [PMID: 33403526 PMCID: PMC7785766 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-020-00063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver is the largest internal organ that serves as the key site for various metabolic activities and maintenance of homeostasis. Liver diseases are great threats to human health. The capability of liver to regain its mass after partial hepatectomy has widely been applied in treating liver diseases either by removing the damaged part of a diseased liver in a patient or transplanting a part of healthy liver into a patient. Vast efforts have been made to study the biology of liver regeneration in different liver-damage models. Regarding the sources of hepatocytes during liver regeneration, convincing evidences have demonstrated that different liver-damage models mobilized different subtype hepatocytes in contributing to liver regeneration. Under extreme hepatocyte ablation, biliary epithelial cells can undergo dedifferentiation to liver progenitor cells (LPCs) and then LPCs differentiate to produce hepatocytes. Here we will focus on summarizing the progresses made in identifying cell types contributing to producing new hepatocytes during liver regeneration in mice and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinrong Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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36
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Wu R, Pan S, Chen Y, Nakano Y, Li M, Balog S, Tsukamoto H. Fate and functional roles of Prominin 1 + cells in liver injury and cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19412. [PMID: 33173221 PMCID: PMC7656457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prominin 1 (PROM1) is one of a few clinically relevant progenitor markers in human alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and mouse liver tumor initiating stem cell-like cells (TICs). However, the origin, fate and functions of PROM1+ cells in AH and HCC are unknown. Here we show by genetic lineage tracing that PROM1+ cells are derived in part from hepatocytes in AH and become tumor cells in mice with diethyl nitrosamine (DEN)-initiated, Western alcohol diet-promoted liver tumorigenesis. Our RNA sequencing analysis of mouse PROM1+ cells, reveals transcriptomic landscapes indicative of their identities as ductular reaction progenitors (DRPs) and TICs. Indeed, single-cell RNA sequencing reveals two subpopulations of Prom1+ Afp– DRPs and Prom1+ Afp+ TICs in the DEN-WAD model. Integrated bioinformatic analysis identifies Discodin Domain Receptor 1 (DDR1) as a uniquely upregulated and patient-relevant gene in PROM1+ cells in AH and HCC. Translational relevance of DDR1 is supported by its marked elevation in HCC which is inversely associated with patient survival. Further, knockdown of Ddr1 suppresses the growth of TICs and TIC-derived tumor growth in mice. These results suggest the importance of PROM1+ cells in the evolution of liver cancer and DDR1 as a potential driver of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Wu
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Pan
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yibu Chen
- USC Libraries Bioinformatics Services, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Nakano
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan.,Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meng Li
- USC Libraries Bioinformatics Services, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven Balog
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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37
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Ogoke O, Maloy M, Parashurama N. The science and engineering of stem cell-derived organoids-examples from hepatic, biliary, and pancreatic tissues. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:179-204. [PMID: 33002311 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The field of organoid engineering promises to revolutionize medicine with wide-ranging applications of scientific, engineering, and clinical interest, including precision and personalized medicine, gene editing, drug development, disease modelling, cellular therapy, and human development. Organoids are a three-dimensional (3D) miniature representation of a target organ, are initiated with stem/progenitor cells, and are extremely promising tools with which to model organ function. The biological basis for organoids is that they foster stem cell self-renewal, differentiation, and self-organization, recapitulating 3D tissue structure or function better than two-dimensional (2D) systems. In this review, we first discuss the importance of epithelial organs and the general properties of epithelial cells to provide a context and rationale for organoids of the liver, pancreas, and gall bladder. Next, we develop a general framework to understand self-organization, tissue hierarchy, and organoid cultivation. For each of these areas, we provide a historical context, and review a wide range of both biological and mathematical perspectives that enhance understanding of organoids. Next, we review existing techniques and progress in hepatobiliary and pancreatic organoid engineering. To do this, we review organoids from primary tissues, cell lines, and stem cells, and introduce engineering studies when applicable. We discuss non-invasive assessment of organoids, which can reveal the underlying biological mechanisms and enable improved assays for growth, metabolism, and function. Applications of organoids in cell therapy are also discussed. Taken together, we establish a broad scientific foundation for organoids and provide an in-depth review of hepatic, biliary and pancreatic organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogechi Ogoke
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, U.S.A
| | - Mitchell Maloy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, U.S.A
| | - Natesh Parashurama
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, U.S.A.,Clinical and Translation Research Center (CTRC), University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, U.S.A.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, U.S.A
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38
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Banales JM, Marin JJG, Lamarca A, Rodrigues PM, Khan SA, Roberts LR, Cardinale V, Carpino G, Andersen JB, Braconi C, Calvisi DF, Perugorria MJ, Fabris L, Boulter L, Macias RIR, Gaudio E, Alvaro D, Gradilone SA, Strazzabosco M, Marzioni M, Coulouarn C, Fouassier L, Raggi C, Invernizzi P, Mertens JC, Moncsek A, Ilyas SI, Heimbach J, Koerkamp BG, Bruix J, Forner A, Bridgewater J, Valle JW, Gores GJ. Cholangiocarcinoma 2020: the next horizon in mechanisms and management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:557-588. [PMID: 32606456 PMCID: PMC7447603 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1183] [Impact Index Per Article: 295.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) includes a cluster of highly heterogeneous biliary malignant tumours that can arise at any point of the biliary tree. Their incidence is increasing globally, currently accounting for ~15% of all primary liver cancers and ~3% of gastrointestinal malignancies. The silent presentation of these tumours combined with their highly aggressive nature and refractoriness to chemotherapy contribute to their alarming mortality, representing ~2% of all cancer-related deaths worldwide yearly. The current diagnosis of CCA by non-invasive approaches is not accurate enough, and histological confirmation is necessary. Furthermore, the high heterogeneity of CCAs at the genomic, epigenetic and molecular levels severely compromises the efficacy of the available therapies. In the past decade, increasing efforts have been made to understand the complexity of these tumours and to develop new diagnostic tools and therapies that might help to improve patient outcomes. In this expert Consensus Statement, which is endorsed by the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma, we aim to summarize and critically discuss the latest advances in CCA, mostly focusing on classification, cells of origin, genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, molecular alterations, biomarker discovery and treatments. Furthermore, the horizon of CCA for the next decade from 2020 onwards is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain.
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), San Sebastian, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Jose J G Marin
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), San Sebastian, Spain
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Shahid A Khan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chiara Braconi
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria J Perugorria
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
- Digestive Disease Section, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC-Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rocio I R Macias
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), San Sebastian, Spain
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
- Digestive Disease Section, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marco Marzioni
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Laura Fouassier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center of Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano, Bicocca, Italy
| | - Joachim C Mertens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Moncsek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sumera I. Ilyas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Jordi Bruix
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), San Sebastian, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomédica (FCRB), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Forner
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), San Sebastian, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomédica (FCRB), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Bridgewater
- Department of Medical Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Juan W Valle
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
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39
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So J, Kim A, Lee SH, Shin D. Liver progenitor cell-driven liver regeneration. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1230-1238. [PMID: 32796957 PMCID: PMC8080804 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a highly regenerative organ, but its regenerative capacity is compromised in severe liver diseases. Hepatocyte-driven liver regeneration that involves the proliferation of preexisting hepatocytes is a primary regeneration mode. On the other hand, liver progenitor cell (LPC)-driven liver regeneration that involves dedifferentiation of biliary epithelial cells or hepatocytes into LPCs, LPC proliferation, and subsequent differentiation of LPCs into hepatocytes is a secondary mode. This secondary mode plays a significant role in liver regeneration when the primary mode does not effectively work, as observed in severe liver injury settings. Thus, promoting LPC-driven liver regeneration may be clinically beneficial to patients with severe liver diseases. In this review, we describe the current understanding of LPC-driven liver regeneration by exploring current knowledge on the activation, origin, and roles of LPCs during regeneration. We also describe animal models used to study LPC-driven liver regeneration, given their potential to further deepen our understanding of the regeneration process. This understanding will eventually contribute to developing strategies to promote LPC-driven liver regeneration in patients with severe liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhoon So
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
| | - Angie Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Seung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Donghun Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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40
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MiR-126 Regulates Properties of SOX9 + Liver Progenitor Cells during Liver Repair by Targeting Hoxb6. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:706-720. [PMID: 32763157 PMCID: PMC7486193 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver progenitor cells (LPCs) have a remarkable contribution to the hepatocytes and ductal cells when normal hepatocyte proliferation is severely impaired. As a biomarker for LPCs, Sry-box 9 (Sox9) plays critical roles in liver homeostasis and repair in response to injury. However, the regulation mechanism of Sox9 in liver physiological and pathological state remains unknown. In this study, we found that miR-126 positively regulated the expression of Sox9, the proliferation and differentiation of SOX9+ LPCs by suppressing the translation of homeobox b6 (Hoxb6). As a transcription factor, HOXB6 directly binds to the promoter of Sox9 to inhibit Sox9 expression, resulting in the destruction of the properties of SOX9+ LPCs in CCl4-induced liver injury. These findings revealed the role of miR-126 in regulating SOX9+ LPCs fate by targeting Hoxb6 in liver injury repair. Our findings suggest the potential role of miR-126 as a nucleic acid therapy drug target for liver failure. miR-126 promotes Sox9 expression and maintains SOX9+ LPCs in adult mouse livers HOXB6 suppresses properties of SOX9+ LPCs in chronic liver injury model HOXB6 negatively regulates Sox9 trans-activity miR-126 regulates properties of SOX9+ LPCs by targeting Hoxb6
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41
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Wei S, Tang J, Cai X. Founder cells for hepatocytes during liver regeneration: from identification to application. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2887-2898. [PMID: 32060582 PMCID: PMC11105049 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03457-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration (LR) capacity in vertebrates developed through natural selection over a hundred million years of evolution. To maintain homeostasis or recover from various injuries, liver cells must regenerate; this process includes the renewal of parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells as well as the formation of liver structures. The cellular origin of newly grown tissue is one of the critical questions in this area and has been a subject of prolonged debate. The regenerative tissue may derive from either hepatocyte self-duplication or liver stem/progenitor cells (LSPCs). Recently, hepatocyte subpopulations and cholangiocytes were also described as important founder cells. The niche that triggers the proliferation of hepatocytes and the differentiation of LSPCs has been extensively studied. Meanwhile, in vitro culture systems for liver founder cells and organoids have been developed rapidly for mechanistic studies and potential therapeutic purposes. This review summarizes the cellular sources and niches that give rise to renewed hepatocytes during LR, and it also describes in vitro culture studies of those founder cells for future applications, as well as current reports for stem cell-based therapies for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jiacheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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42
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Fenlon M, Short C, Xu J, Malkoff N, Mahdi E, Hough M, Glazier A, Lee C, Asahina K, Wang KS. Prominin-1-expressing hepatic progenitor cells induce fibrogenesis in murine cholestatic liver injury. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14508. [PMID: 32686913 PMCID: PMC7370750 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic liver injury is associated with intrahepatic biliary fibrosis, which can progress to cirrhosis. Resident hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) expressing Prominin-1 (Prom1 or CD133) become activated and participate in the expansion of cholangiocytes known as the ductular reaction. Previously, we demonstrated that in biliary atresia, Prom1(+) HPCs are present within developing fibrosis and that null mutation of Prom1 significantly abrogates fibrogenesis. Here, we hypothesized that these activated Prom1-expressing HPCs promote fibrogenesis in cholestatic liver injury. Using Prom1CreERT2-nLacZ/+ ;Rosa26Lsl-GFP/+ mice, we traced the fate of Prom1-expressing HPCs in the growth of the neonatal and adult livers and in biliary fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Prom1-expressing cell lineage labeling with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) on postnatal day 1 exhibited an expanded population as well as bipotent differentiation potential toward both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes at postnatal day 35. However, in the adult liver, they lost hepatocyte differentiation potential. Upon cholestatic liver injury, adult Prom1-expressing HPCs gave rise to both PROM1(+) and PROM1(-) cholangiocytes contributing to ductular reaction without hepatocyte or myofibroblast differentiation. RNA-sequencing analysis of GFP(+) Prom1-expressing HPC lineage revealed a persistent cholangiocyte phenotype and evidence of Transforming Growth Factor-β pathway activation. When Prom1-expressing cells were ablated with induced Diphtheria toxin in Prom1CreERT-nLacZ/+ ;Rosa26DTA/+ mice, we observed a decrease in ductular reactions and biliary fibrosis typically present in BDL as well as decreased expression of numerous fibrogenic gene markers. Our data indicate that Prom1-expressing HPCs promote biliary fibrosis associated with activation of myofibroblasts in cholestatic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fenlon
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell ProgramThe Saban Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital of Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Celia Short
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell ProgramThe Saban Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital of Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Jiabo Xu
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell ProgramThe Saban Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital of Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Nicolas Malkoff
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell ProgramThe Saban Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital of Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Elaa Mahdi
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell ProgramThe Saban Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital of Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Michelle Hough
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell ProgramThe Saban Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital of Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Alison Glazier
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell ProgramThe Saban Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital of Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Calvin Lee
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell ProgramThe Saban Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital of Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Kinji Asahina
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD & CirrhosisDepartment of PathologyKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Kasper S. Wang
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell ProgramThe Saban Research InstituteChildren’s Hospital of Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
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43
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Kamimoto K, Nakano Y, Kaneko K, Miyajima A, Itoh T. Multidimensional imaging of liver injury repair in mice reveals fundamental role of the ductular reaction. Commun Biol 2020; 3:289. [PMID: 32503996 PMCID: PMC7275065 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon severe and/or chronic liver injury, ectopic emergence and expansion of atypical biliary epithelial-like cells in the liver parenchyma, known as the ductular reaction, is typically induced and implicated in organ regeneration. Although this phenomenon has long been postulated to represent activation of facultative liver stem/progenitor cells that give rise to new hepatocytes, recent lineage-tracing analyses have challenged this notion, thereby leaving the pro-regenerative role of the ductular reaction enigmatic. Here, we show that the expanded and remodelled intrahepatic biliary epithelia in the ductular reaction constituted functional and complementary bile-excreting conduit systems in injured parenchyma where hepatocyte bile canalicular networks were lost. The canalicular collapse was an incipient defect commonly associated with hepatocyte injury irrespective of cholestatic statuses, and could sufficiently provoke the ductular reaction when artificially induced. We propose a unifying model for the induction of the ductular reaction, where compensatory biliary epithelial tissue remodeling ensures bile-excreting network homeostasis. Kenji Kamimoto et al. use multidimensional imaging technologies to study changes in the mouse biliary system following liver injury. They find an unexpected role of the ductular reaction – the process of ectopic expansion of biliary-like cells following liver injury – in restoring functional biliary structures in injured livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kamimoto
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Nakano
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kota Kaneko
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.,Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tohru Itoh
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
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44
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Liu K, Jin H, Zhou B. Genetic lineage tracing with multiple DNA recombinases: A user's guide for conducting more precise cell fate mapping studies. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6413-6424. [PMID: 32213599 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.011631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Site-specific recombinases, such as Cre, are a widely used tool for genetic lineage tracing in the fields of developmental biology, neural science, stem cell biology, and regenerative medicine. However, nonspecific cell labeling by some genetic Cre tools remains a technical limitation of this recombination system, which has resulted in data misinterpretation and led to many controversies in the scientific community. In the past decade, to enhance the specificity and precision of genetic targeting, researchers have used two or more orthogonal recombinases simultaneously for labeling cell lineages. Here, we review the history of cell-tracing strategies and then elaborate on the working principle and application of a recently developed dual genetic lineage-tracing approach for cell fate studies. We place an emphasis on discussing the technical strengths and caveats of different methods, with the goal to develop more specific and efficient tracing technologies for cell fate mapping. Our review also provides several examples for how to use different types of DNA recombinase-mediated lineage-tracing strategies to improve the resolution of the cell fate mapping in order to probe and explore cell fate-related biological phenomena in the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hengwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China .,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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45
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Myofibroblast induces hepatocyte-to-ductal metaplasia via laminin-ɑvβ6 integrin in liver fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:199. [PMID: 32251270 PMCID: PMC7090046 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocytes undergo the metaplasia into ductal biliary epithelial cells (BECs) in response to chronic injury, and subsequently contribute to liver regeneration. The mechanism underlying hepatocyte-to-ductal metaplasia has not been explored until now. In mouse models of liver fibrosis, a florid BEC response was observed in fibrotic liver, and the depletion of myofibroblasts attenuated BEC expansion remarkably. Then, in hepatocyte fate-tracing mouse model, we demonstrated the conversion of mature hepatocytes into ductal BECs in fibrotic liver, and the depletion of myofibroblasts diminished the hepatocyte-to-ductal metaplasia. Finally, the mechanism underlying the metaplasia was investigated. Myofibroblasts secreted laminin-rich extracellular matrix, and then laminin induced hepatocyte-to-ductal metaplasia through ɑvβ6 integrin. Therefore, our results demonstrated myofibroblasts induce the conversion of mature hepatocytes into ductal BECs through laminin-ɑvβ6 integrin, which reveals that the strategy improve regeneration in fibrotic liver through the modification of specific microenvironment.
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The Cancer Stem Cell in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030684. [PMID: 32183251 PMCID: PMC7140091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition of intra-tumoral cellular heterogeneity has given way to the concept of the cancer stem cell (CSC). According to this concept, CSCs are able to self-renew and differentiate into all of the cancer cell lineages present within the tumor, placing the CSC at the top of a hierarchical tree. The observation that these cells—in contrast to bulk tumor cells—are able to exclusively initiate new tumors, initiate metastatic spread and resist chemotherapy implies that CSCs are solely responsible for tumor recurrence and should be therapeutically targeted. Toward this end, dissecting and understanding the biology of CSCs should translate into new clinical therapeutic approaches. In this article, we review the CSC concept in cancer, with a special focus on hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Ko S, Russell JO, Molina LM, Monga SP. Liver Progenitors and Adult Cell Plasticity in Hepatic Injury and Repair: Knowns and Unknowns. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 15:23-50. [PMID: 31399003 PMCID: PMC7212705 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a complex organ performing numerous vital physiological functions. For that reason, it possesses immense regenerative potential. The capacity for repair is largely attributable to the ability of its differentiated epithelial cells, hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells, to proliferate after injury. However, in cases of extreme acute injury or prolonged chronic insult, the liver may fail to regenerate or do so suboptimally. This often results in life-threatening end-stage liver disease for which liver transplantation is the only effective treatment. In many forms of liver injury, bipotent liver progenitor cells are theorized to be activated as an additional tier of liver repair. However, the existence, origin, fate, activation, and contribution to regeneration of liver progenitor cells is hotly debated, especially since hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells themselves may serve as facultative stem cells for one another during severe liver injury. Here, we discuss the evidence both supporting and refuting the existence of liver progenitor cells in a variety of experimental models. We also debate the validity of developing therapies harnessing the capabilities of these cells as potential treatments for patients with severe and chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Ko
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA;
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Jacquelyn O Russell
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA;
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Laura M Molina
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA;
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA;
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Bangru S, Kalsotra A. Cellular and molecular basis of liver regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 100:74-87. [PMID: 31980376 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in genetics and genomics have reinvigorated the field of liver regeneration. It is now possible to combine lineage-tracing with genome-wide studies to genetically mark individual liver cells and their progenies and detect precise changes in their genome, transcriptome, and proteome under normal versus regenerative settings. The recent use of single-cell RNA sequencing methodologies in model organisms has, in some ways, transformed our understanding of the cellular and molecular biology of liver regeneration. Here, we review the latest strides in our knowledge of general principles that coordinate regeneration of the liver and reflect on some conflicting evidence and controversies surrounding this topic. We consider the prominent mechanisms that stimulate homeostasis-related vis-à-vis injury-driven regenerative responses, highlight the likely cellular sources/depots that reconstitute the liver following various injuries and discuss the extrinsic and intrinsic signals that direct liver cells to proliferate, de-differentiate, or trans-differentiate while the tissue recovers from acute or chronic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Bangru
- Departments of Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Cancer Center@ Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Auinash Kalsotra
- Departments of Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Cancer Center@ Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
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Sun T, Pikiolek M, Orsini V, Bergling S, Holwerda S, Morelli L, Hoppe PS, Planas-Paz L, Yang Y, Ruffner H, Bouwmeester T, Lohmann F, Terracciano LM, Roma G, Cong F, Tchorz JS. AXIN2 + Pericentral Hepatocytes Have Limited Contributions to Liver Homeostasis and Regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 26:97-107.e6. [PMID: 31866224 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The existence of specialized liver stem cell populations, including AXIN2+ pericentral hepatocytes, that safeguard homeostasis and repair has been controversial. Here, using AXIN2 lineage tracing in BAC-transgenic mice, we confirm the regenerative potential of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) but find limited roles for pericentral hepatocytes in liver parenchyma homeostasis. Liver regrowth following partial hepatectomy is enabled by proliferation of hepatocytes throughout the liver, rather than by a pericentral population. Periportal hepatocyte injury triggers local repair as well as auxiliary proliferation in all liver zones. DTA-mediated ablation of AXIN2+ pericentral hepatocytes transiently disrupts this zone, which is reestablished by conversion of pericentral vein-juxtaposed glutamine synthetase (GS)- hepatocytes into GS+ hepatocytes and by compensatory proliferation of hepatocytes across liver zones. These findings show hepatocytes throughout the liver can upregulate AXIN2 and LGR5 after injury and contribute to liver regeneration on demand, without zonal dominance by a putative pericentral stem cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Sun
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monika Pikiolek
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Orsini
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Bergling
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sjoerd Holwerda
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lapo Morelli
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp S Hoppe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lara Planas-Paz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yi Yang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heinz Ruffner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tewis Bouwmeester
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Lohmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Guglielmo Roma
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Feng Cong
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jan S Tchorz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
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50
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Zhao H, Zhou B. Dual genetic approaches for deciphering cell fate plasticity in vivo: more than double. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 61:101-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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